Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wick drain

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Wick drain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wick drain"

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Kack, G. J., M. C. Harris, P. K. Chatterji, D. W. Proudfoot, D. R. Trowsdale, and R. R. Thomas. "Use of drainage wicks for an embankment on slickensided clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-096.

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The 650-ha cooling pond for the Genesee thermal power plant near Edmonton required more than 15 km of earth-containment dyke up to 25 m high to be constructed on a high plastic clay foundation. Other embankment construction activity at the Genesee site indicated that there was very little dissipation of construction pore pressure in the foundation clay and that embankment heights of more than 6 m would require stabilization measures. The high portions of the cooling-pond dyke were built in three stages between 1982 and 1986. An extensive instrumentation monitoring program was established to control the rate of fill placement during construction. Counterbalancing earth berms were used to stabilize most of the high sections of dyke. During the later stages of dyke construction, lack of dissipation of high excess pore pressure in the foundation clay indicated that the sole use of counterbalancing berms might not provide sufficient stabilization. Prefabricated drainage wicks were used as an additional measure to lower the foundation pore pressures under the counterbalancing berms in these critical areas. Spacing of the wick drains was determined by applying Hansbo's wick-drain theory and from data collected from a wick-drain test section. Additional piezometers were installed prior to wick installation to assess the effectiveness of the wicks. Over 14 000 wick drains were installed at spacings of 2.5–2.75 m to a maximum depth of 26 m below the top of the berm. The installation procedures are discussed, along with difficulties of installation. The wicks were very effective in lowering the foundation pore pressures and improving dyke stability. Instrument monitoring data used to assess the wick-drain performance and to control the rate of construction during dyke completion are presented and discussed. Key words: drainage wick, high plastic clay, pore pressure, dissipation, deep, fill, dyke, instrumentation, monitoring.
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Robertson, P. K., R. G. Campanella, P. T. Brown, and K. E. Robinson. "Prediction of wick drain performance using piezometer cone data." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-007.

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The technique of installing prefabricated wick drains is well established in Europe and Japan, but is relatively new to North America. This paper describes the use of piezometer cone data to predict the performance of wick drains in a soft clayey silt in Burnaby, British Columbia. A description of the testing procedures and the theory to calculate the rate of consolidation are briefly presented. The predicted rate of consolidation using the piezometer cone data and the measured performance is compared and discussed; good agreement between the two was found. Key words: wick drains, piezocone, prediction, preload, settlement.
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Kelly, Richard. "Assessment of smear parameters for use in wick drain design." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 167, no. 3 (August 2014): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.13.00007.

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Brodeur, J. C. "Prediction of wick drain performance using piezometer cone data: Discussion." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-045.

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Liang, He Cheng, Li Jia Chang, and Ai Guo Zhou. "Mechanism and Application on Extra-Long Sand Wells for Deep Soft Foundation Treatment in Highways." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3128.

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The soft base in the testing section of Jiang-zhu highwaysis 55 meters deep, and its mechanical property is not better than that of silt soil, the sand-wick drained length is one of the crucial factors for this highwaywhich influences the consolidation speed. Based on the characteristic of soft foundation, experiences and the interrelationship between the processing area and the subjacent bed effecting on draining, the mechanism of extra-long sand-wick for the extra-deep soft foundation is studied. The theoretical consolidation degree in the deep soft foundation treating with extra-long sand-wick drain had been calculated, the designed depth of sand-wick drain were 25 and 22 meters. Moreover, the total settlement will be predicted. According to the monitoring data of displacement and settlement during loading, the characteristic of consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation had been analyzed. The results indicated that the settlement was very sensitive to the loading speed. The sedimentation became fast with the increasing loading. The sedimentation speed was always very high, which was 15 to 25mm/day on the average. During the prophase of pre-compaction, the consolidation degree of section K53+242.47 (h=25m) was up to 80% in 350 days, which was much faster than the section K53+402.47 (h=22m). Moreover, the soft soil foundation was consolidated stably according to the strict dynamic monitoring data. By using hyperbolic theory to analyze monitoring data, the predictive settlement value of post-project can meet the designed requirement. The treating effect of the 25m depth sand-wick drain was better than that of 22m, which provided available data for extra thick soft foundation treatment.
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Kelly, R., and A. Litwinowicz. "Discussion: Assessment of smear parameters for use in wick drain design." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 169, no. 2 (May 2016): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.15.00034.

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Nguyen, Thanh Trung, and Buddhima Indraratna. "Experimental and numerical investigations into hydraulic behaviour of coir fibre drain." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0182.

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Over many decades, natural fibre bundles have been widely used for drainage and filtration applications because of their favourable hydraulic conductivity and abundance in Asian countries. In recent times, natural (biodegradable) coir and jute drains, which are environmentally friendly, have been considered in lieu of conventional geosynthetic wick drains for soft clay consolidation in Australian coastal regions. However, there is a lack of a computational framework to predict the hydraulic behaviour of fibre drains on the basis of micromechanical (fabric) characteristics. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) to model the hydraulic behaviour of fibrous materials has shown promise in an earlier 2016 study by Nguyen and Indraratna, which considered an idealized parallel arrangement of fibres for simplicity. This paper aims to broaden the application of the coupled CFD–DEM technique to real fibres (coconut coir) considering both nontwisted and twisted fibre bundles that have more complex porous structure. The hydraulic conductivity determined from the numerical approach is validated with the experimental results, and also compared with the analytical prediction based on the conventional Kozeny–Carmen (KC) approach. The current study shows that the CFD–DEM technique can capture well the fluid flow characteristics of a nonuniform fibrous structure, including dense twisted coir bundles.
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Zou, Wei-Lie, Yan-Feng Zhuang, Xie-Qun Wang, Sai K. Vanapalli, Yun-Lan Huang, and Fei-Fei Liu. "Electro-osmotic consolidation of marine hydraulically filled sludge ground using electrically conductive wick drain combined with automated power supply." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 36, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2017.1312721.

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Jiang, Jianqing, and Reqiang Liu. "Effect of Improvement and Application of Composite Prefabricated Vertical Drain Method in Marine Soft Ground: A Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 12, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6097504.

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One of the commonly used techniques to improve marine soft ground is the drainage consolidation method by plastic board drains (PBDs). But some complex marine soft ground will cause construction inconvenience of PBDs in certain areas of these sites, thus affecting the improvement effect. An alternative possible approach to overcoming these deficiencies may be the combination of PBDs and sand wick drains (SWDs) (i.e., composite prefabricated vertical drains (CPVDs)) as vertical drainage channels in the same site. In order to verify the suitability and performance of this method in marine soft ground improvement, a case study was performed based on the field monitoring and construction of the marine soft ground of an intercity express railway project in China. The construction procedure using the CPVD system, the field monitoring instrumentation scheme, and the design of fill surcharge level were described, and the field monitoring data were presented. The settlement characteristics, dissipation features of pore water pressure, and the horizontal movement pattern were assessed. In addition, predictions of ultimate settlement, postconstruction settlement, and consolidation degree were discussed by applying a modified hyperbolic model. The results show that the marine ground improved by the CPVD system is suitable for the construction of intercity express railway and high-speed railway. The improvement construction period of complex marine soft ground will be greatly shortened by the proposed parallel construction programme. This work will provide technical supports and application reference for the improvement of the similar marine soft ground.
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Riggio, Gina, Sarah Jones, and Kristen Gibson. "Risk of Human Pathogen Internalization in Leafy Vegetables During Lab-Scale Hydroponic Cultivation." Horticulturae 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010025.

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Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a growing industry for the production of leafy vegetables and fresh produce in general. Moreover, CEA is a potentially desirable alternative production system, as well as a risk management solution for the food safety challenges within the fresh produce industry. Here, we will focus on hydroponic leafy vegetable production (including lettuce, spinach, microgreens, and herbs), which can be categorized into six types: (1) nutrient film technique (NFT), (2) deep water raft culture (DWC), (3) flood and drain, (4) continuous drip systems, (5) the wick method, and (6) aeroponics. The first five are the most commonly used in the production of leafy vegetables. Each of these systems may confer different risks and advantages in the production of leafy vegetables. This review aims to (i) address the differences in current hydroponic system designs with respect to human pathogen internalization risk, and (ii) identify the preventive control points for reducing risks related to pathogen contamination in leafy greens and related fresh produce products.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wick drain"

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Smith, Gabriel M. "Reduction in Wick Drain Effectiveness in Typical Utah Clays." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2891.

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Consolidation theory states that decreasing the spacing of prefabricated vertical drains will decrease the time required to achieve primary consolidation. Previous field tests have shown that there exists a "critical" drain spacing, which is the point at which further spacing decrease does not decrease the time of primary consolidation. This "critical" spacing is thought to be due to disturbance effects from installation of the drains. Previous studies have found that the "critical" drain spacing may be dependent upon soil layering and drain and mandrel dimensions. Thin, interbedded clay layers have been found to be affected greatly due to the smear zone, while few tests have been conducted to determine the validity for thick bedded clays. Currently two design and analysis methods are in existence, neither of which is standardized. The two methods are the modeling of the smear zone, which requires knowledge of soil parameters within that zone, and the modeling using a back-calculated Ch/Cv ratio.In order to evaluate the validity of these design methods and to obtain more data that can be used in determining the relationship between anchor type, drain spacing, and soil profile, full-scale field tests were conducted at Mountain View Corridor in Lehi, Utah. These field tests were performed along a test section that was divided into sections containing 5.8, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 ft triangular spacings and rebar or plate anchors. By using the smear zone model, with a Ch/Cv ratio of 1.25 and ds of 3.07 times dm, the time rate of settlement was able to be predicted reasonably well, while using the back-calculated Ch/Cv ratio, with no smear zone, also predicted the time rate reasonably well. From the testing, it was found that the thick clay profile can facilitate closer spacings than a thin clay profile. Also, it was found that the rebar anchor type causes about twice the disturbance of the plate anchor. The results helped validate the existing models and show that the effectiveness of the drains is dependent upon drain spacing, soil profile, and anchor type
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Quimby, Michael James. "Liquefaction Mitigation in Silty Sands Using Stone Columns with Wick Drains." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2228.

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Stone column treatment is commonly used to mitigate liquefaction hazard in sandy soils. Research and experience indicate that this method is effective for clean sands but that it may not be effective for silts and sands with fines contents greater than 15-20%. An alternative to the stone column method involves supplementing stone column treatment with pre-fabricated vertical wick drains installed prior to the stone columns installation. Although this method is used in practice, there has not been a formal academic study of its effectiveness. This thesis evaluates seven different case histories where wick drains were used and one where wick drains were not used, for comparison purposes. The site locations varied as well as the soil properties and treatment plans. CPT testing was done at 3 sites and SPT testing was performed at the other 5 sites. CPT data were correlated to SPT data to facilitate comparisons. One of the case histories includes a unique study in which three different variations of the stone column treatment were applied at the same site, providing a direct comparison of the effectiveness of each method. A 26% area replacement ratio (Ar) with drains was determined to be more effective overall than a 26% Ar without drains and more effective in increasing low initial blow counts than the 34% Ar without drains. The areas with drains were more likely to exceed the minimum project criteria consistently throughout the site. Significant scatter were observed in the results and probable causes for the scatter are noted. Final blow count coefficients of variation ranged from 28% to 77%. Increased fines contents required increased Ar in order to maintain similar average final blow counts. Site improvements were evaluated separately and collectively. Individual site results were compared to clean sand curves developed by Baez (1995). Sites with average fines contents less than 20% which were improved using drains and an 11-15% Ar treatment were comparable to clean sand sites without drains and with 5-10% Ar. To achieve similar improvement at sites with 40-46% fines necessitated drains and Ar values of 23-26%. Design recommendations are provided.
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Scherer, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Settlement Analyses of Grade Supported Tanks Constructed with the Use of Prefabricated Wick Drains and an Earth Preload." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1345.

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In the design of tank foundations several design techniques are considered. This study focuses on grade supported tanks constructed under an extensive preload and instrumentation program. Settlement estimation methods were performed and compared to field instrumentation data taken at the project sites. Three project sites were selected for this study. The geotechnical investigations were performed by Eustis Engineering Services, L.L.C. and included both undisturbed soil borings and cone penetrometer tests. Conclusions were made about the accuracy of the calculations and how assumptions affect the settlement computation results.
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Thiriot, Emily Dibb. "Liquefaction Mitigation in Silty Sands at Salmon Lake Dam Using Stone Columns and Wick Drains." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2868.

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Stone columns are an established method of liquefaction mitigation in clean sands (fines content <15%). Although stone columns are considered less effective in silty soils, an increase in the area replacement ratio or the addition of wick drains may still produce improvement in the normalized blow count. Limited case histories are available with a direct comparison of the use of stone columns with and without wick drains at one location. The Salmon Lake Dam Modification project provided such a scenario. Two test sections were completed at the site prior to construction to determine the area replacement ratio for the final design as well as to compare the application of stone columns with and without wick drains. Visual observations of water and air escaping from wick drains within a distance of 15 ft of the stone column construction confirmed that drains aided in pore pressure dissipation. Test results indicated that stone column treatment with wick drains produced greater improvement in blow count than stone column treatment without drains. For the overall site, there was an increase in improvement ranging from 3 to 8 SPT blow counts. When compared to the results of a similar evaluation of a site in Ogden, Utah, which had a comparable fines content and an area replacement ratio of 26%, the increase in stone column effectiveness produced by adding wick drains was lower at the Salmon Lake Dam site. The increase in improvement at the Ogden, Utah site ranged from 12 to 18 SPT blow counts. At the Ogden site, wick drains were placed between every stone column while they were only placed between vertical rows of columns at Salmon Lake dam. Despite the beneficial effects provided by using wick drains with stone column treatment in silty soils, the performance was below what would be expected for stone column treatment without wick drains in clean sands with less than 15% fines. Stone column treatment also proved less effective in layers of sandy silt than in layers of silty sand, which was indicated by lower average improvement and more points of negative improvement in layers of sandy silt. Although several different area replacement ratios were analyzed (23, 27, 31, and 35%), no consistent trend towards greater improvement in blow count was seen as the replacement ratio increased beyond 23%.
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Book chapters on the topic "Wick drain"

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Yang, Pengyu, Li Li, and Gengshe Yang. "A Numerical Study of the Effect of Wick Drains Applied in Mine Stopes with Paste Fill." In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 3, 227–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2227-3_28.

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"wick drain." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1529. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_231574.

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"paper wick drain." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 963. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_160176.

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"cardboard wick drain." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 194. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_30575.

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"plastic wick drain." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1014. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_162442.

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"(rope-like) wick drain." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1144. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_183468.

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Tran-Nguyens, Hoang-Hung, and Hy Ha. "Effect of deformed wick drain in soft ground improvement for embankments in Vietnam." In Advances in Transportation Geotechnics 2, 761–67. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12754-117.

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Iyathurai, S. "Preloading with wick drains." In Soft Clay Engineering and Ground Improvement, 161–93. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429455544-9.

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He, K. S., and Z. J. Shen. "Dredged fill treatment using horizontal wick drains with vibrating roller compaction." In Soft Soil Engineering, 525–29. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739501-78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wick drain"

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Landau, Richard E., Mary C. Lamie, and Victor A. Modeer. "Wick Drain Research at an Illinois Project Site." In Soft Ground Technology Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40552(301)20.

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R. B, Kelly. "Assessment of Smear Parameters for Use in Wick Drain Design." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3559-3_01-0101.

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Lee, John J. W., Curt R. Basnett, and Saffraz Muhammad. "Staged Embankment Construction in Soft Clay and Slope Failure Impacted by Wick Drain Local Kinking: Case Study." In IFCEE 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481622.028.

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Wei, Mengyao, Sivanand Somasundaram, Bin He, Qian Liang, Rishi Raj, Chuan Seng Tan, and Evelyn N. Wang. "Optimization of Biporous Micropillar Array for Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52651.

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Biporous evaporator wicks for heat pipe and vapor chambers can perform superiorly by reducing the viscous drag with larger pores or channels and simultaneously generate higher capillary pressure with smaller pores radius. Unlike conventional sintered metal biporous wicks, cylindrical silicon micropillar based evaporator with microchannels, possess the following advantages: mature and easily controllable fabrication process, possibility of direct integration with semiconductor devices and no risk of thermal expansion mismatch. In this work, we investigated a biporous wick for the evaporator design, which consists of micro pillar arrays interspersed within micro channels. This design was systematically studied by constructing a mathematical model, by coupling Brinkman’s equation with mass and energy conservation equations, to predict the biporous wicks’ heat transfer performance. In order to find the best combination of geometric factors that give the highest heat flux at a certain superheat value, optimization in Matlab was done. The effect of diameter to pitch ratio, aspect ratio, channel width and contact angle on wick’s permeability, capillary pressure and evaporative heat flux were also investigated. Conclusion was drawn that a higher diameter to pitch ratio of 0.57, reasonable aspect ratio of 1.75∼3.22, island to channel width ratio of around 1.96 are preferred in this kind of biporous wick’s design. Biporous wick show potential to dissipate heat flux of 515.7 W/cm2 at superheat of 40 °C, which is 134 % higher compared to monoporous wick.
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Fellenius, Bengt H., and Nguyen Minh Hai. "Wick Drains and Piling For Cai Mep Container Port, Vietnam." In Geo-Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412770.030.

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Rollins, K. M., B. E. Price, E. Dibb, and J. B. Higbee. "Liquefaction Mitigation of Silty Sands in Utah Using Stone Columns with Wick Drains." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40864(196)46.

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Raju, Mandhapati P., and James S. T’ien. "Heat and Mass Transports in Porous Wicks Driven by a Gas-Phase Diffusion Flame." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72202.

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A one dimensional stagnation point diffusion flame stabilized next to a porous wick is studied using a numerical model. The bottom end of the one-dimensional wick is dipped inside a liquid fuel (ethanol) reservoir. The liquid is drawn towards the surface of the wick through capillary action against gravity. The model combines heat and mass transfer equations in the porous media with phase change and gas-phase combustion equations to investigate steady-state flow structure in the porous wick and flame characteristics in the gas phase. In one-dimensional system, the only steady solution in the porous wick that is stable is found to be in the funicular regime. There are two regions in the wick: a vapor-liquid two-phase region near the surface exposed to the flame and a purely liquid region deep inside the wick. The physics behind the two-phase flow driven by capillarity and evaporation has been studied in detail. The coupling between the flame and the porous transport involves three different length scales: flame standoff distance, wick height above the reservoir and capillary rise. Attempt is made to study the effect of the non-dimensional numbers that contains these scales. In the limit of fast chemical kinetics (large Damkohler number), the computed results depend only on two non-dimensional ratios: the ratio of wick height to capillary rise and the ratio of wick height to flame standoff distance. Thus, a simplified similitude has been identified.
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Rollins, Kyle M., Michael Quimby, S. Robert Johnson, and Bradford Price. "Effectiveness of Stone Columns for Liquefaction Mitigation of Silty Sands with and without Wick Drains." In U.S.-China Workshop on Ground Improvement Technologies 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41025(338)17.

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Alvi, Pervaiz M. "Wick Drains and Rock Fill Save the Day: A Case for Settlement and Stability Solutions." In GeoFlorida 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)244.

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Ding, J., R. Vester, and R. Knott. "Slope Stability Analysis for Embankment on Wash Pond Sediments with Prefabricated Wick Drains and Staged Construction." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41108(381)29.

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