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Journal articles on the topic 'Wide Angle Reflection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shiraishi, Kazuya, Gou Fujie, Takeshi Sato, Susumu Abe, Eiichi Asakawa, and Shuichi Kodaira. "Interferometric OBS imaging for wide-angle seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 5 (2017): Q39—Q51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0482.1.

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Marine wide-angle seismic data obtained using air guns and ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) are effective for determining large-scale subseafloor seismic velocities, but they are ineffective for imaging details of shallow seismic reflection structures because of poor illumination. Surface-related multiple reflections offer the potential to enlarge the OBS data illumination area. We have developed a new seismic imaging method for OBS surveys applying seismic interferometry, a technique that uses surface-related multiples similarly to mirror imaging. Seismic interferometry can use higher order m

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2

Zhu, Xinfa, та George A. McMechan. "Amplitude and phase versus angle for elastic wide-angle reflections in the τ‐p domain". GEOPHYSICS 80, № 1 (2015): N1—N9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0191.1.

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Near- and postcritical spherical-wave reflections contain amplitude and phase variations with incident angle that are not predicted by plane-wave solutions. However, if a spherical wavefield is decomposed into plane waves by a time-intercept-slowness ([Formula: see text]) transform, then plane-wave reflection coefficients (the Zoeppritz) can be used as the basis of amplitude/phase versus angle analysis. The spherical-wave effects on reflection coefficients near the critical angle (in the time-offset domain) were decomposed by [Formula: see text] transformation into plane waves. Kinematic ray t

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3

Rendleman, C. A., and F. K. Levin. "Reflection maxima for reflections from single interfaces." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (1988): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442462.

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At a workshop on refraction and wide‐angle reflections, Hilterman (1985) pointed out that, in contrast to the plane‐wave case, when there is a point source, a P-wave reflected from a plane interface attains its maximum amplitude at an offset greater than that corresponding to the critical angle (Figure 1). The same conclusion had been drawn earlier by Červený (1967). However, neither Červený’s results, which were based on very complicated mathematical expressions derived by Brekhovskikh (1960), nor Hilterman’s computer‐generated data shed light on the physics implied by the shifted maximum.

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4

Sava, Paul, and Ioan Vlad. "Wide-azimuth angle gathers for wave-equation migration." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 3 (2011): S131—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3560519.

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Extended common-image-point (CIP) gathers contain all of the necessary information for decomposition of reflectivity as a function of the reflection and azimuth angles at selected locations in the subsurface. This decomposition operates after the imaging condition applied to wavefields reconstructed by any type of wide-azimuth migration method, e.g., using downward continuation or time reversal. The reflection and azimuth angles are derived from the extended images using analytic relations between the space-lag and time-lag extensions. The transformation amounts to a linear Radon transform app

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5

Chang, Ya-Chun, Wei-Feng Xu, Meng-Chieh Wu, Cyun-Tai Hong, and Chen-Kuan Kuo. "P‐29: Wide Visual Angle Anti‐Reflection Film." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 51, no. 1 (2020): 1442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.14159.

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6

Fruehn, Juergen, Moritz M. Fliedner, and Robert S. White. "Integrated wide‐angle and near‐vertical subbasalt study using large‐aperture seismic data from the Faeroe—Shetland region." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 5 (2001): 1340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487079.

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Acquiring large‐aperture seismic data (38 km maximum offset) along a profile crossing the Faeroe—Shetland basin in the North Atlantic enables us to use wide‐angle reflections and refractions, in addition to conventional streamer data (0–6 km), for subbasalt imaging. The wide‐angle results are complemented and confirmed by images obtained from the conventional near‐vertical‐offset range. Traveltime tomography applied to the wide‐angle data shows a low‐velocity layer (3.5–4.5 km/s) underneath southeastward‐thinning lava flows, suggesting a 2.5–3.0‐km‐thick sedimentary layer. The velocity model o

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7

Cao, Hao, Zhishuang Xue, Hongfeng Deng, Shuo Chen, Deming Wang, and Chengqun Gui. "Micromirror Array with Adjustable Reflection Characteristics Based on Different Microstructures and Its Application." Micromachines 15, no. 4 (2024): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15040506.

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The conventional reflective optical surface with adjustable reflection characteristics requires a complex external power source. The complicated structure and preparation process of the power system leads to the limited modulation of the reflective properties and difficulty of use in large-scale applications. Inspired by the biological compound eye, different microstructures are utilized to modulate the optical performance. Convex aspheric micromirror arrays (MMAs) can increase the luminance gain while expanding the field of view, with a luminance gain wide angle > 90° and a field-of-view w

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8

Khalaj-Amirhosseini, Mohammad, and Sayed Mohammad Javad Razavi. "WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION WAVE POLARIZERS USING INHOMOGENEOUS PLANAR LAYERS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 9 (2009): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm09070301.

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9

Estakhri, Nasim Mohammadi, Verena Neder, Mark W. Knight, Albert Polman, and Andrea Alù. "Visible Light, Wide-Angle Graded Metasurface for Back Reflection." ACS Photonics 4, no. 2 (2017): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00965.

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10

Goldman, Ph.D., Laine. "Appreciative Reflection: A Wide-Angle Lens for Changing Perception." AI Practitioner 16, no. 3 (2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12781/978-1-907549-20-5-8.

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11

Chartas, George, and Sarah Strickland. "Wide-Angle Quasar Feedback." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S319 (2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315010145.

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AbstractWe present results from the detection of relativistic winds launched near the innermost stable circular orbits of supermassive black holes. A recent detection of a powerful wind in the X-ray-bright narrow absorption line (NAL) z=1.51 quasar HS 0810+2554 strengthens the case that quasars play a significant role in feedback. In both deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of HS 0810 we detected blueshifted absorption lines implying outflowing velocities ranging from 0.1c and 0.4c. The presence of both an emission line at 6.8 keV and an absorption line at 7.8 keV in the spectral line pro

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12

Sain, Kalachand, and K. L. Kaila. "Inversion of wide‐angle seismic reflection times with damped least squares." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 11 (1994): 1735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443560.

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The wide‐angle seismic reflection times appearing in the postcritical range are used extensively to image the crustal structure in deep seismic sounding investigations. The most commonly used method to calculate interval velocities and thicknesses of a stack of horizontal layers is based on Dix’s hyperbolic equation that requires traveltimes at zero offset and a prior estimate of root‐mean‐square (rms) velocity. Since the wide‐angle reflection times are represented by the nonhyperbolic Taner and Koehler series, a forced fit of such a data set by a hyperbolic equation causes large errors in the

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13

Asaba, Kaoru, and Tomoyuki Miyamoto. "Solar Cell Detection and Position, Attitude Determination by Differential Absorption Imaging in Optical Wireless Power Transmission." Photonics 10, no. 5 (2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050553.

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In optical wireless power transmission, position, size, and attitude of photovoltaic device (PV) must be determined from light source. A method proposed in the previous report is based on selective absorption characteristics of PV, and it is detected by differentiating images of strongly absorbable wavelength and one not. In this study, using two infrared wavelengths, two kinds of targets were detected by differential absorption imaging. One was a GaAs substrate which simulates diffuse rear surface, and the other was a real GaAs PV. It was found that the substrate’s reflective characteristic w

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14

Makris, Jannis, Knuth Lange, Leo Savostin, and Vladimir Sedov. "A wide-angle reflection profile across the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 93, no. 1 (1995): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1995.093.01.36.

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15

de Franco, Roberto. "Interval velocity and thickness estimate from wide-angle reflection data." Geophysical Prospecting 49, no. 4 (2001): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00265.x.

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16

Osler, John C., and Charles W. Holland. "High‐resolution geoacoustic inversion from wide‐angle seismic reflection measurements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (1998): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423637.

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17

Liu, FuPing, XianJun Meng, JiaQi Xiao, AnLing Wang, and ChangChun Yang. "The Goos-Hänchen shift of wide-angle seismic reflection wave." Science China Earth Sciences 55, no. 5 (2011): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4344-5.

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18

Kemin, Dao, and G. M. Purdy. "High resolution velocity analysis of watergun wide angle reflection data." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 4, no. 1 (1986): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02850396.

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19

Majdański, M. "The uncertainty in layered models from wide-angle seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 3 (2013): WB31—WB36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0280.1.

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The analytical method of estimating the uncertainty in layered models is addressed to models obtained using a layer-stripping modeling strategy or forward modeling. It is based on a simple principle of small error propagation. There are two variants of the method: a simplified one that includes refraction and vertical reflections and one that also includes wide-angle reflections. Both give a quantitative estimation for the existing models. To allow for a simple analytical estimation, refracted waves are described using a head-wave approximation in constant velocity layers; wide angle reflectio

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20

Oueity, Jounada, and Ron M. Clowes. "Paleoproterozoic subduction in northwestern Canada from near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection data." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 1 (2010): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-073.

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Near-vertical incidence and refraction – wide-angle reflection seismic data, recorded as part of Lithoprobe studies in the Paleoproterozoic–Archean domains of Canada’s Northwest Territories, show remarkable reflections from within the upper mantle. A parallel pair of reflectors imaged by the near-vertical data can be traced from Moho levels (∼33 km) down to ∼70 km depth. In a previous study, the reflectors were interpreted as the top and bottom of an ∼1.8 Ga subducted oceanic crust beneath the Hottah terrane. Further inboard, where the seismic line changes its direction from east–west to nearl

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21

Lan, Tian, Qiu-Cui Li, Yu-Shen Dou, and Xun-Ya Jiang. "A Study of a Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Based on a High-Impedance Surface Ground Plane." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8143104.

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This paper presents a two-dimensional infinite dipole array system with a mushroom-like high-impedance surface (HIS) ground plane with wide-angle scanning capability in the E-plane. The unit cell of the proposed antenna array consists of a dipole antenna and a four-by-four HIS ground. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna array can achieve a wide scanning angle of up to 65° in the E-plane with an excellent impedance match and a small S11. Floquet mode analysis is utilized to analyze the active impedance and the reflection coefficient. Good agreement is obtained between the theo

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22

Rance, Olivier, Anne Claire Lepage, Xavier Begaud, Kevin Elis, and Nicolas Capet. "Oblique Wide-Angle Multi-Sector Metamaterial Absorber for Space Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (2019): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163425.

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This article presents the design, realization and measurement of lightweight absorbing material for space applications. The electromagnetic absorber, operating on the [2 GHz, 2.3 GHz] frequency band, is designed for oblique incidence ranging from 35° to 65°. Wide-angle designs are demonstrated to be particularly challenging at oblique incidence and an approach consisting in dividing the surface in two different sectors with respect to the incoming angle is proposed. A specific measurement setup is presented in order to characterize this new kind of evolutive absorber. The measurement results s

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23

Jonah, Emmanuel O., Margit Härting, Eric Gullikson, Andrew Aquila, and David T. Britton. "Investigation of surface topology of printed nanoparticle layers using wide-angle low-Qscattering." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 3 (2014): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751400410x.

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A new small-angle scattering technique in reflection geometry is described which enables a topological study of rough surfaces. This is achieved by using long-wavelength soft X-rays which are scattered at wide angles but in the low-Qrange normally associated with small-angle scattering. The use of nanometre-wavelength radiation restricts the penetration to a thin surface layer which follows the topology of the surface, while moving the scattered beam to wider angles preventing shadowing by the surface features. The technique is, however, only applicable to rough surfaces for which there is no

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24

Filatova, Elena, and Andrey Sokolov. "Effect of reflection and refraction on NEXAFS spectra measured in TEY mode." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 1 (2018): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517016253.

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The evolution of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure in the vicinity of theK-absorption edge of oxygen for HfO2over a wide range of incidence angles is analyzed by simultaneous implementation of the total-electron-yield (TEY) method and X-ray reflection spectroscopy. It is established that the effect of refraction on the TEY spectrum is greater than that of reflection and extends into the angular region up to angles 2θc. Within angles that are less than the critical angle, both the reflection and refraction strongly distort the shape of the TEY spectrum. Limitations of the technique for

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25

Yin, Yunzhen, Yanyan Bu, and Xiangfu Wang. "PDMS-based subwavelength structures for broadband and wide-angle anti-reflection." Physica B: Condensed Matter 580 (March 2020): 411943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.411943.

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26

Mereu, R. F. "The complexity of the crust from refraction/wide-angle reflection data." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 132, no. 1-2 (1990): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00874366.

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27

Zhao, Degang, Yangtao Ye, Shengjun Xu, Xuefeng Zhu, and Lin Yi. "Broadband and wide-angle negative reflection at a phononic crystal boundary." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 4 (2014): 043503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4863691.

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28

Thouvenot, F., S. N. Kashubin, G. Poupinet, et al. "The root of the Urals: evidence from wide-angle reflection seismics." Tectonophysics 250, no. 1-3 (1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(95)00058-8.

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29

Lerche, Ian. "Reflection of wide-angle acoustic waves from a high velocity interface." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 134, no. 1 (1990): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00878083.

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30

Musacchio, G., R. De Franco, R. Cassinis, and G. Gosso. "Reinterpretation of a wide angle reflection “fan” across the Central Alps." Journal of Applied Geophysics 30, no. 1-2 (1993): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(93)90017-s.

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31

Wang, Zhuo, Yuxuan Ma, Guangming Kan, Baohua Liu, Xinghua Zhou, and Xiaobo Zhang. "An Inversion Method for Geoacoustic Parameters in Shallow Water Based on Bottom Reflection Signals." Remote Sensing 15, no. 13 (2023): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133237.

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The inversion method based on the reflection loss-grazing angle curve is an effective tool to obtain local underwater acoustic parameters. Because geoacoustic parameters vary in sensitivity to grazing angle, it is difficult to get accurate results in geoacoustic parameter inversion based on small-grazing-angle data in shallow water. In addition, the normal-mode model commonly used in geoacoustic parameter inversion fails to meet the needs of accurate local sound field simulation as the influence of the secant integral is ignored. To solve these problems, an acoustic data acquisition scheme was

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32

Ma, Qing. "X-ray Scattering Studies of amorphous thin film materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091402.

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In light of advances in detector technology, we revisit wide angle x-ray scattering techniques and their application to amorphous thin films that are of technological importance. For thin film materials the asymmetrical reflection geometry is employed to avoid the substrate signals. Incident x-ray angles are typically set close to the critical angles. There are various complications related to this geometry, in particular, raw scattering patterns being distorted. In addition, because these materials are typically weak scatterers due to disorder, increased data collection efficiency is always d

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33

Fliedner, Moritz M., and Robert S. White. "Seismic structure of basalt flows from surface seismic data, borehole measurements, and synthetic seismogram modeling." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 6 (2001): 1925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1486760.

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We use the wide‐angle wavefield to constrain estimates of the seismic velocity and thickness of basalt flows overlying sediments. Wide angle means the seismic wavefield recorded at offsets beyond the emergence of the direct wave. This wide‐angle wavefield contains arrivals that are returned from within and below the basalt flows, including the diving wave through the basalts as the first arrival and P‐wave reflections from the base of the basalts and from subbasalt structures. The velocity structure of basalt flows can be determined to first order from traveltime information by ray tracing the

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34

Toso, Stefano, Dmitry Baranov, Cinzia Giannini, Sergio Marras, and Liberato Manna. "Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction Evidence of Structural Coherence in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Superlattices." ACS Materials Letters 1 (July 16, 2019): 272–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00217.

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Films made of colloidal CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals packed in isolated or densely-packed superlattices display a remarkably high degree of structural coherence. The structural coherence is revealed by the presence of satellite peaks accompanying Bragg reflections in wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments in parallel-beam reflection geometry. The satellite peaks, also called “superlattice reflections”, arise from the interference of X-rays diffracted by the atomic planes of the orthorhombic perovskite lattice. The interference is due to the precise spatial periodicity of

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35

Zhu, Xinfa, and George A. McMechan. "Elastic inversion of near- and postcritical reflections using phase variation with angle." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 4 (2012): R149—R159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0230.1.

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Near- and postcritical (wide-angle) reflections provide the potential for velocity and density inversion because of their large amplitudes and phase-shifted waveforms. We tested using phase variation with angle (PVA) data in addition to, or instead of, amplitude variation with angle (AVA) data for elastic inversion. Accurate PVA test data were generated using the reflectivity method. Two other forward modeling methods were also investigated, including plane-wave and spherical-wave reflection coefficients. For a two half-space model, linearized least squares was used to invert PVA and AVA data

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36

Li, Jianfeng, Liangliang Mao, and Tianling Zhang. "FSS Sandwiched Dual-Frequency Reflectarray for Mobile Communication Applications." Electronics 12, no. 4 (2023): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040897.

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Sandwiched frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed as an additional reflection surface for a dual-frequency reflectarray system. The range of reflection phase for a reflectarray depends on the substrate thickness sensitively. Usually, a tradeoff between the smooth linear level and the wide reflection phase range is needed, especially for a dual-frequency system. By inserting an FSS between the ground plane and the reflecting element layer, a selective plane for the dual-frequency band is provided. For the higher frequency band, the FSS layer is a reflection plane. For the lower frequency

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37

Begaud, Xavier, Anne Lepage, Stefan Varault, Michel Soiron, and André Barka. "Ultra-Wideband and Wide-Angle Microwave Metamaterial Absorber." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102045.

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In order to extend the performance of radar absorbing materials, it is necessary to design new structures with wideband properties and large angles of incidence which are also as thin as possible. The objective of this work, realized within the framework of the SAFAS project (self-complementary surface with low signature) is, then, the development of an ultra-wideband microwave absorber of low thickness. The design of such material requires a multilayered structure composed with dielectric layers, metasurfaces, and wide-angle impedance matching layers. This solution has been realized with on-t

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38

Dosso, Stan, Charles W. Holland, Jan Dettmer, and Yong-Min Jiang. "Geoacoustic inversion of wide-angle reflection-coefficient data to estimate sediment shear properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023004.

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This paper considers Bayesian geoacoustic inversion of broadband, wide-angle reflection-coefficient data including shear parameters in the seabed model to investigate the ability to estimate these parameters as well as effects on the estimation of other geoacoustic parameters, particularly compressional-wave attenuation. The seabed parameterization is based on the viscous grain-shearing (VGS) sediment-acoustic model, including the grain-to-grain shear modulus as an unknown parameter. VGS sediment parameters are transformed to density and frequency-dependent compressional- and shear-wave speeds

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39

Zhu, Xinfa, and George A. McMechan. "Stretch-free migration imaging condition." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 4 (2013): S203—S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0519.1.

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Prestack migration has angle-dependent wavelet stretch effects, which lowers the image resolution at large reflection angles. Most current stretch correction methods operate on the migrated images. We develop a new stretch-free imaging condition, which does a shrink-and-shift operation on the extracted propagation wavelet after extrapolation, but before the imaging condition is applied. The algorithm is illustrated with the excitation amplitude imaging condition; the new images show successful stretch corrections over wide angle apertures, and preserve amplitude and phase.

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40

Xu, Sheng, Yu Zhang, and Bing Tang. "3D angle gathers from reverse time migration." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 2 (2011): S77—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3536527.

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Common-image gathers are an important output of prestack depth migration. They provide information needed for velocity model building and amplitude and phase information for subsurface attribute interpretation. Conventionally, common-image gathers are computed using Kirchhoff migration on common-offset/azimuth data volumes. When geologic structures are complex and strong contrasts exist in the velocity model, the complicated wave behaviors will create migration artifacts in the image gathers. As long as the gather output traces are indexed by any surface attribute, such as source location, rec

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41

Lazaratos, Spyros K., James W. Rector, Jerry M. Harris, and Mark Van Schaack. "High‐resolution, cross‐well reflection imaging: Potential and technical difficulties." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 9 (1993): 1270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443510.

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The case study presented in this paper demonstrates that reflections can be found in high‐frequency cross‐well data. These reflections can be enhanced by a processing sequence similar to the one applied to VSP data to produce very high‐resolution images. Vertical resolution of the order of 3–5 ft (1–1.5 m) for well distances of a few hundred feet is potentially feasible. Although this study produced a good tie between the cross‐well reflection image and the sonic log, our research also illustrated some of the technical difficulties associated with cross‐well reflection imaging. Specifically, w

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42

Liu, Chuanbao, Jingjin He, Ji Zhou, et al. "Broadband, High‐Efficiency and Wide‐Incident‐Angle Anomalous Reflection in Groove Metagratings." Annalen der Physik 533, no. 9 (2021): 2100149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.202100149.

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43

Luetgert, James, and Carol E. Mann. "Avalon terrane in eastern coastal Maine: Seismic refraction-wide-angle reflection data." Geology 18, no. 9 (1990): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0878:atiecm>2.3.co;2.

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44

Pawlik, G., K. Tarnowski, W. Walasik, A. C. Mitus, and I. C. Khoo. "Liquid crystal hyperbolic metamaterial for wide-angle negative–positive refraction and reflection." Optics Letters 39, no. 7 (2014): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.001744.

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45

Hirm, A., S. Nadir, F. Thouvenot, et al. "Mapping the Moho of the Western Alps by wide-angle reflection seismics." Tectonophysics 162, no. 3-4 (1989): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90243-6.

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46

ZHAO, Ai-Hua, and Zhi-Feng DING. "Double-Grid Algorithm for Calculating Travel Times of Wide-Angle Reflection Waves." Chinese Journal of Geophysics 48, no. 5 (2005): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.767.

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47

Mereu, R. F. "The complexity of the crust and Moho under the southeastern Superior and Grenville provinces of the Canadian Shield from seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection data." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 2-3 (2000): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-122.

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The major features of the individual velocity models, Poisson's ratio values, and crustal complexity derived from the interpretation of seismic data sets from four long-range seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection experiments are summarized. The experiments were conducted from 1982-92 in the southeastern portion of the Canadian Shield. In the conventional analysis of seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection data, only the onset times and amplitudes of the major arrival phases are used to derive seismic velocity models of the region under study. These models are over smoothed, have a numb

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48

Zelt, C. A., D. A. Forsyth, B. Milkereit, D. J. White, I. Asudeh, and R. M. Easton. "Seismic structure of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, southern Grenville Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 2 (1994): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-024.

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Crust and upper-mantle structure interpreted from wide-angle seismic data along a 260 km profile across the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the southern Grenville Province in Ontario and New York State shows (i) relatively high average crustal and uppermost mantle velocities of 6.8 and 8.3 km/s, respectively; (ii) east-dipping reflectors extending to 24 km depth in the Central Metasedimentary Belt; (iii) weak lateral velocity variations beneath 5 km; (iv) a mid-crustal boundary at 27 km depth; and (v) a depth to Moho of 43–46 km. The wide-angle model is generally consistent with the vertical-i

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49

Neves, Fernando A., and Maarten V. de Hoop. "Some remarks on nonlinear amplitude versus scattering angle‐azimuth inversion in anisotropic media." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 1 (2000): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444706.

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A feasibility study for inverting reflection coefficients for a single‐interface model consisting of a shale overlying a fractured sand is presented. To characterize the medium contact from amplitude versus scattering angles (AVA) behavior associated with the reflection from a particular interface, in view of the anisotropy, wide‐angle scattering data are required. However, wide‐angle scattering turns the inverse problem into an essentially nonlinear one. The inverse problem is hence analyzed with a global optimization procedure—a genetic algorithm with constraints. The key to making a genetic

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50

Huang, Yan, Bing Bai, Haiyong Quan, Tony Huang, Sheng Xu, and Yu Zhang. "Application of RTM 3D angle gathers to wide-azimuth data subsalt imaging." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (2011): WB175—WB182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0396.1.

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The availability of wide-azimuth data and the use of reverse time migration (RTM) have dramatically increased the capabilities of imaging complex subsalt geology. With these improvements, the current obstacle for creating accurate subsalt images now lies in the velocity model. One of the challenges is to generate common image gathers that take full advantage of the additional information provided by wide-azimuth data and the additional accuracy provided by RTM for velocity model updating. A solution is to generate 3D angle domain common image gathers from RTM, which are indexed by subsurface r

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