Academic literature on the topic 'Wide cutting gap'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wide cutting gap"
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Liu, Hua Qiang, Fei Zhang, Shi Yin, and Xin Li. "Study and Application of SSC Model on Hot Rolling Wide Strip Mill." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.131.
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According to cutting loss of the head and the tail of hot rolling wide strip mill for the loss of width, the control conditions, the control mode and control model of short stroke control (SSC) of the rough mill are researched and given by dynamical changing the rough mill roll gap for SSC simulation and basing on infinite element method (FEM) analysis and results. When the SSC model is put into use in the field, the width difference of the head and the tail with the body of the strip are decreased. Therefore, the SSC model greatly improves the control accuracy of strip head and tail, and achieves the desired results.
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Canner, Judith E., Archana J. McEligot, María-Eglée Pérez, Lei Qian, and Xinzhi Zhang. "Enhancing Diversity in Biomedical Data Science." Ethnicity & Disease 27, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.27.2.107.
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<p class="Default">The gap in educational attainment separating underrepresented minorities from Whites and Asians remains wide. Such a gap has significant impact on workforce diversity and inclusion among cross-cutting Biomedical Data Science (BDS) research, which presents great opportunities as well as major challenges for addressing health disparities. This article provides a brief description of the newly established National Institutes of Health Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) diversity initiatives at four universities: California State University, Monterey Bay; Fisk University; University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus; and California State University, Fullerton. We emphasize three main barriers to BDS careers (ie, preparation, exposure, and access to resources) experienced among those pioneer programs and recommendations for possible solutions (ie, early and proactive mentoring, enriched research experience, and data science curriculum development). The diversity disparities in BDS demonstrate the need for educators, researchers, and funding agencies to support evidence-based practices that will lead to the diversification of the BDS workforce. <em></em></p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(2):107-116; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.107.</p>
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Cheng, Fan, Kang Yang, and Lei Zhang. "A Structural SVM Based Approach for Binary Classification under Class Imbalance." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/269856.
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Class imbalance situations, where one class is rare compared to the other, arise frequently in machine learning applications. It is well known that the usual misclassification error is not suitable in such settings. A wide range of performance measures such as AM and QM have been proposed for this problem. However, due to computational difficulties, few learning techniques have been developed to directly optimize for AM or QM metric. To fill the gap, in this paper, we present a general structural SVM framework for directly optimizing AM and QM. We define the loss functions oriented to AM and QM, respectively, and adopt the cutting plane algorithm to solve the outer optimization. For the inner problem of finding the most violated constraint, we propose two efficient algorithms for the AM and QM problem. Empirical studies on the various imbalanced datasets justify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Muniappan, A., M. Ajithkumar, V. Jayakumar, C. Thiagarajan, and M. Sreenivasulu. "Utility approach for multi target streamlining of process parameters in wire EDM." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817204006.
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This paper depicts the improvement of multireaction enhancement system utilizing utility technique to foresee and select the ideal setting of machining parameters in wire electro-release machining (WEDM) process. Investigations were arranged utilizing Taguchi's L27 orthogonal exhibit. A wide range of Wire EDM control variables such as pulse on time duration, pulse off time duration, servo voltage along with wire feed rate were judged for investigation. Multi reaction enhancement was performed for both cutting pace (CS) and surface unpleasantness (SR) utilizing utility idea to discover the ideal procedure parameter setting. The level of essentialness of the machining parameters for their impact on the CS and SR were controlled by utilizing investigation of fluctuation (ANOVA). In present study utility approach method used to optimize the process parameter in wire EDM of magnesium Al6061/SiC/Graphite hybrid composite with zinc covered brass wire electrode. The approach depicted here is relied upon to be profoundly useful to assembling enterprises, and furthermore different territories, for example, aviation, car and apparatus making businesses. The parameters corresponding to experiment run number 7 are pulse on time 108 units (Level 1), pulse off time 60 units (Level 3), peak current 230 units (Level 3), gap set voltage 60 units (Level 3), wire feed 3 units (Level 1) and wire tension 4 units (Level 1) are the best combination to achieve better surface roughness and cutting speed.
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Newberry, Sterling P. "A new microtome approach and its relation to 3D imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086350.
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A continuing concern of this laboratory is to improve techniques for acquiring and displaying 3D images of structure over a wide range of magnification from a single, identical piece of tissue. One of the major problems is to slice the sample thin enough in one dimension that ultra structure can be preserved. Slicing is not a serious drawback because computer reconstruction techniques permit us to put the slice images together for comparison with the next lower level of magnification all the way down to the whole specimen. Reembedding techniques have also helped to bridge the gap between magnification levels. Ironically it is at the first level of slicing that thickness prevents adequate preservation making the specimen very difficult to section. For brain tissue the Vibratome® has become the preferred microtome but it does not handle many softer and harder tissues and even neuroscientist tend to prefix their tissue. There still appears to be need for improved methods of cutting a variety of fresh tissues.
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Abrahamsson, Pekka, Goetz Botterweck, Hadi Ghanbari, Martin Gilje Jaatun, Petri Kettunen, Tommi J. Mikkonen, Anila Mjeda, et al. "Towards a Secure DevOps Approach for Cyber-Physical Systems." International Journal of Systems and Software Security and Protection 11, no. 2 (July 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsssp.2020070103.
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With the expansion of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) across critical and regulated industries, systems must be continuously updated to remain resilient. At the same time, they should be extremely secure and safe to operate and use. The DevOps approach caters to business demands of more speed and smartness in production, but it is extremely challenging to implement DevOps due to the complexity of critical CPSs and requirements from regulatory authorities. In this study, expert opinions from 33 European companies expose the gap in the current state of practice on DevOps-oriented continuous development and maintenance. The study contributes to research and practice by identifying a set of needs. Subsequently, the authors propose a novel approach called Secure DevOps and provide several avenues for further research and development in this area. The study shows that, because security is a cross-cutting property in complex CPSs, its proficient management requires system-wide competencies and capabilities across the CPSs development and operation.
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Ponte, Cristina, Maria João Leote de Carvalho, and Susana Batista. "Exploring European childrenʼs self-reported data on online aggression." Communications 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2021-0050.
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Abstract To address the topic of children’s online aggression, this article explores a subsample from the EU Kids Online dataset (2017–2019) of 1404 children, aged 9–16, who reported having engaged in aggressive acts online in the previous year. Through a cluster analysis, respondents were classified into three groups. Findings emphasize the risk factors for aggression and how they relate to age-specific developmental tasks. Boys predominate, but the gender gap is not as wide as in offline contexts. For almost half of the children, aggression goes hand in hand with victimization. All the clusters share high levels of emotional deprivation. A sense of lacking social support, from both adults and peers, becomes more relevant among those children with high and more problematic engagement in online aggression. Results confirm that online aggression must be considered within the complex and fluid offline–online continuum cutting across the social contexts in which children grow.
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M. Taufan and Arida Susilowati. "The Study of Silviculture System for Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) Application at PT Intracawood Manufacturing Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan." Journal of Sylva Indonesiana 3, no. 01 (February 21, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v3i01.1985.
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Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural systems and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) are two of the five silvicultural systems that have been determined by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. P.11 / Menhut-II / 2009 juncto P.65 / Menhut-II / 2014 concerning silvicultural systems in the area of timber forest product utilization permits (IUPHHK) in production forests. Three other silvicultural systems based on the regulation are the Gap Logging silviculture system, the Fully Made Rejuvenation System, and the Multi Silviculture System. This study aims to examine the implementation of the TPTJ and TPTI systems in the PT Intracawood Manufacturing (PT Intraca) area, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The methodology of this research is through the approach of growth analysis, comparison of stand increment, observation of environmental conditions, interviews and literature study. Based on the field research, it was found that the diameter increments of Shorea leprosula, Shorea dasyphila, and Shorea parvifolia were greater in the TPTJ system compared to TPTI. However, the TPTI silviculture system at PT Intraca is easier to apply in the field than the TPTJ silviculture system. The TPTJ system has become less effective because planting in the TPTJ system has been carried out by making a 3-meter wide track with a length of approximately 1 km in a plot and if there is potential for the wood to become ineffective. In the area of PT Intraca, to improve the effectiveness of the TPTJ system a mosaic system is used where the planting path is made only in areas with less potential and representative for planting. The types of plants planted in the TPTJ system are far superior, perspective, and are faster than the types of plants in the TPTI system. Planting/enrichment in the TPTI system is easier because it does not need to make a planting path. Planting with seedlings from the extraction is only a transfer from the growth of tillers from areas with an excessive potential for tillers.
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Myo, H. H. S., K. V. Jayachandran, and K. L. Khin. "On a new species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Ayeyarwady River, Myanmnar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 17529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6287.13.1.17529-17536.
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Macrobrachium myanmarum sp. nov. was found from near Min Kun (local name Min Gon) at Mandalay, Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River (22.043N & 96.043E), Myanmar. It is a small-sized prawn showing close relation with Arachnochium kulsiense (Jayachandran et al. 2007) and A. mirabile (Kemp 1917). This species can at once be identified from both the species by the characters: medium-sized and highly-elevated and arched rostrum, extending as far as distal segment of antennular peduncle or behind, upper margin with 11–15 teeth of which three (rarely 4) teeth post-orbital; ventral margin without teeth (rarely one); second chelate legs unequal, right leg larger (sometimes left); major leg in which carpus with proximal part narrow and distal end broadened, subequal to merus, palm and fingers; propodus slightly more than the combined length of merus and carpus; fingers very slender, almost equal to palm, fixed finger a bit shorter than movable finger, cutting edges with 2–6 weak denticles at proximal cutting edges, distal denticle situated at about 1/3rd distance from base; ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, palm and dactylus in the ratio 9.62 : 19.25 : 24.06: 47.06 : 23.53 : 23.53, respectively (related to the total length of pereopod); minor leg with minute tubercles in larger specimens; ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, palm and fingers in the ratio 13.1 : 23.68 : 22.37 : 40.8 : 15.8 : 25.0, respectively (related to total length of pereopod); palm slightly swollen and shorter than fingers, fingers slender and curved with a wide gap when closed. Maximum size recorded for the species is 56mm male and 44mm female.
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Salau, T. A. O., and S. A. Oke. "The application of fractal box dimensions in predicting the emission characteristics of colliding sawdust particles for sustainable sawmilling." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12002.
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The prediction of emission characteristics of sawdust particles immediately after the cutting operation from the interaction of band saw?s blade and plank is a growing research area. Still, a wide gap exists with respect to understanding the behaviour of sawdust particles as they collide with one another. Previous efforts have focused on non-collision states of sawdust particles. However, in real life, collision of particles must occur, with several particles colliding after the cutting operation. This paper establishes a new perspective of the fractal properties of sawdust particles in motion as a motivation to understanding how to control its toxicity of effects on sawmill workers and maintain sustainable sawmilling activities. In particular, the possibility of predicting the fractal dimension of the randomly moving sawdust particles in sawmills that is generated as fractal curves using the combination of probabilities and theoretical fractal dimensions is investigated for the first time. Cases were established on the possible representations of the theory and practice. As an example, four cases were designed around varied number of fractal pattern combinations drawn out of five and fifty different probabilities combinations, ten different random number generating seed values and maximum of four fractal curves generation iterations as driven parameters. Preliminary study of the differences between theoretical fractal box dimension recorded a maximum absolute percentage error of 7.24% for fractal curve associated with fractal pattern five (i.e. Koch 5). In all the cases studied, average absolute percentage error decreases between 3.52 � 1.18 and 1.51 � 1.14 while the correlation coefficient (R2) decreases between 0.9315 and 0.7365 from case 1 to case 4, respectively. It is concluded that the model is a good predictor of sawdust particle emission at colliding states from cutting operation. This is reflected in the fact that the higher the number of fractal patterns (generators) in a study case, the smaller the correlation coefficient between average estimated fractal box dimension and predicted fractal dimension of the sawdust particles in motion in the sawmill.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wide cutting gap"
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Králík, Petr. "Studium řezných vad při oxidačním dělení mezních tlouštěk konstrukční oceli pevnolátkovým laserem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231518.
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This thesis deals with research of cutting defects at laser cutting of 15 mm thick carbon steel by Bystronic fiber laser with emphasis on wide cutting gap, which causes enlargement of wide of cutting gap and deterioration of roughness of cutting edge and increase of creation fo heat. The introduction describes the main types of lasers used for cutting sheet of metal and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Also described is a cutting process and its parameters, and also the possible cutting defects. An experiment was conducted on steels S355MC and S235JR and cutting defects were analyzed in relation to the set of cutting parameters. Next part determines the extent of the recommended parameters that should be chosen for specific cutting conditions and is balanced recommendations regarding the choice of material to be cut, and technological adaptations parts. In the last part is measured roughness of a wide cutting gap, the width of the heat affected zone and micro-hardness of the material.
Books on the topic "Wide cutting gap"
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Thomas, Christopher R., and William F. Shughart, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Managerial Economics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199782956.001.0001.
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This Handbook provides students, researchers, practitioners and policymakers with summaries of the cutting-edge approaches to the analysis of the decision-making challenges faced by the managers of for-profit and nonprofit enterprises.The problems addressed run the gamut from cost estimation, product development and promotion, optimal pricing strategies for so-called network industries and make-or-buy decisions, to organizational design, performance pay, corporate governance, strategies for multinational corporations and the social responsibilities of business.By illustrating how a wide range of disciplines can fruitfully be brought to bear in helping to analyze and to understand the incentives and constraints under which business managers operate, the Handbook fills in the gaps between theory and practice. Sometimes technical, but always reader-friendly, no one with an interest in the modern world of business orpublic policies toward it can afford to ignore the analyses and important lessons presented by the contributors to this first handbook on topics in managerial economics.
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Cook, Peter J. Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106826.
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With the general reader in mind, Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon outlines the global challenge of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. It covers the changing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide through time and its causes, before considering the promise and the limitations of a wide range of energy technologies for decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.
Despite the need to decrease carbon dioxide, the fact is that the global use of fossil fuels is increasing and is likely to continue to do so for some decades to come. With this in mind, the book considers in detail, what for many people is the unfamiliar clean energy technology of carbon capture and storage (CCS). How can we capture carbon dioxide from flue gases? How do we transport it? How do we store it in suitable rocks? What are suitable rocks and where do we find them? How do we know the carbon dioxide will remain trapped once it is injected underground? What does CCS cost and how do those costs compare with other technology options?
The book also explores the political environment in which the discussion on clean energy technology options is occurring. What will a price on carbon do for technology uptake and what are the prospects of cutting our emissions by 2020 and of making even deeper cuts by 2050? What will the technology mix look like by that time?
For people who are concerned about climate change, or who want to learn more about clean energy technologies, including CCS, this is the definitive view of the opportunities and the challenges we face in decreasing emissions despite a seemingly inexorable global increase in energy demand.
Book chapters on the topic "Wide cutting gap"
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Freiman, Viktor, Dragana Martinovic, and Xavier Robichaud. "New Faces of Digital Divide and How to Bridge It." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 7248–58. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch630.
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The chapter aims to explore, through the lenses of digital divide, what are challenges to alleviating socio-economic and intellectual limitations for prosperity of each individual. Cutting-edge research is reviewed to discuss in what way new technologies and access to them really help to develop citizens who are able to contribute in creative and democratic ways to society. While much effort has been done, in the past decade, to bridge the digital divide, by resolving access issues and usage issues, the recent studies seem to indicate that the gap at all levels, nation-wide, community-wide, special groups-wide still exists and even deepens, especially regarding digital inclusion and meeting needs of at-risk population. More systematic research and innovative practical solutions are needed to address all the aspects of digital divide: physical, financial cognitive, content and political access; also, we have to consider the technological and social resonances of digital technologies in terms of digital literacy and development of critical thinking.
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Freiman, Viktor, Dragana Martinovic, and Xavier Robichaud. "New Faces of Digital Divide and How to Bridge It." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 431–43. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7661-7.ch034.
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The chapter aims to explore, through the lens of digital divide, the challenges to alleviating socio-economic and intellectual limitations for prosperity of each individual. Cutting-edge research is reviewed to discuss in what way new technologies and access to them really help to develop citizens who are able to contribute in creative and democratic ways to society. While much effort has been done in the past decade to bridge the digital divide by resolving access issues and usage issues, the recent studies seem to indicate that the gap at all levels, nation-wide, community-wide, special groups-wide still exists and even deepens, especially regarding digital inclusion and meeting needs of at-risk population. More systematic research and innovative practical solutions are needed to address all the aspects of digital divide: physical, financial cognitive, content, and political access; also, we have to consider the technological and social resonances of digital technologies in terms of digital literacy and development of critical thinking.
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Andreoni, Antonio, Justin Barnes, Anthony Black, and Timothy Sturgeon. "Digitalization, Industrialization, and Skills Development." In Structural Transformation in South Africa, 261–85. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894311.003.0012.
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The world economy is undergoing a period of structural and technological transformation, driven by the increasing digitalization of economic and social life. Digitalization is being experienced differentially across the globe, reflecting the different opportunities it offers as well as the particular challenges countries face in digitalizing their economic systems. This chapter looks at the opportunities and challenges of digital industrialization through the lens of the South African case. In South Africa, digitalization is occurring in an economy that has prematurely deindustrialized, where the digital capability gap in terms of digital infrastructures and skills is wide, and where organizations need significant investments to retrofit their existing systems. Despite this, South Africa has islands of excellence in which firms are embracing the opportunities provided by digitalization to achieve greater efficiency, process innovation, and supply-chain integration. These examples point to what is possible, while at the same time revealing gaps and shortcomings. The potential and shortcomings are evident both across firms (in terms of their investment rates) within global value chains (domestic firms; engagement with multinationals), and across public institutions and industrial policies. The development of digital skills in cross-cutting fields such as data science and software engineering, as well as transversal technologies in complementary services, are identified as particularly important. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy implications for South Africa and beyond.
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Pramanik, Debal, and Dipankar Bose. "Experimental Evaluation on Corner Accuracy in WEDM for Aluminium 6061 Alloy." In Machine Learning Applications in Non-Conventional Machining Processes, 96–113. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3624-7.ch007.
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An important electro-thermal process known as wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is applied for machining of conductive materials to generate most precisely. All cutting inaccuracies of WEDM arise out of the major cause of wire bending. At the time of cutting a sharp corner or cut profile, bending of the wire leads to a geometrical error on the workpiece. Though this type of error may be of a few hundred microns, it is not suitable for micro applications. In this research study, an experimental investigation based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been done on wire EDM of Aluminium 6061 t6 alloy. This chapter studies the outcome of input process variables (i.e., wire feed rate, pulse on time, pulse off time, and gap voltage) on machining output responses (i.e., corner inaccuracy) extensively. Experimental validation of the proposed model shows that corner inaccuracy value may be reduced by modification of input parameters.
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Dye, Christopher. "Our children’s children." In The Great Health Dilemma, 159–78. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853824.003.0008.
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Climate change is prevention’s biggest challenge—its effects on health and well-being will be wide-ranging, long-term, and global. The pressures and opportunities for action are growing as the risks and hazards become clearer, greater, and nearer. Mitigation—cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (primary prevention)—benefits health, economy, environment, and society through agriculture, transport, air quality, energy supply, and waste management. Adaptation (secondary prevention) is the essential back-up when mitigation fails; there are strong incentives for local adaptation to counter predictable local threats such as extreme urban temperatures, flooding, and water scarcity. Carbon taxes are a powerful but underexploited mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, so need to be reinforced by other incentives, including subsidies for wind, solar, hydrogen, and hydropower. Now more than ever, the pressure for transformative action on climate change has the potential to stimulate sudden and rapid movement towards clean energy sources and technologies.
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"Dictyostelium Discoideum: Live Cell Imaging in Changing Perspective." In Protocols used in Molecular Biology, edited by Abhishek Singh, 126–45. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789811439315120010016.
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The advent of advanced microscopes; during microscope evolution from simple microscopes to confocal and live cell microscope; having digital imaging facility revolutionized our view for the living cells. In the protein localization study, fluorescent proteins are tagged at amino or carboxyl (preferably) terminal of desired protein for live cell study. These live cell studies improved our understanding of protein dynamics and understanding its role in biological regulation. The mutational variants of fluorescent tags (GFP, RFP); can be used with different protein; which will efficiently use UV-Visible to Far Red light spectrum; without overlapping of excitation and emission spectrum. Further, various cell organelle (Lysosome, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Nucleus) trackers; improved our live cell localization studies in the wide non-overlapping UV-Visible spectrum.This chapter gives an overview for live cell protein localization study in mitotically active, unicellular stage of Dictyostelium discoideum. This evolutionary cutting edge organism had both unicellular as well as multicellular stages during its life cycle. This chapter will provide the design of fusion of fluorescent tag to the specific gene and its live cell localization. Further, it will cover; transformation of the unicellular organism; drug based selection; sample preparation with nuclear, mitochondrial localization markers (trackers) and live cell localization study on live cell-confocal microscope setup. It will also have a glimpse of the design of fusion protein with an aspect of advantage and disadvantages.
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Price, T. Douglas. "The First Europeans." In Europe before Rome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199914708.003.0005.
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The story of our human ancestors is a fascinating, but fragmentary, tale. There are lots of missing pages in the book. The further back we go in time, the less evidence is available and the more conjecture is required to fill in the gaps. Our oldest arguably human ancestors are found mostly in East and South Africa, resemble our ape family relatives, and date to more than 6 mya (million years ago). These individuals walked on two feet, the first step on the path to becoming human. Fossils of our ancient ancestors are diagnosed as to genus and species, a dual scientific designation in Latin; a wide range of names have been applied. We modern humans are Homo sapiens. Some of our earliest relatives have species names such as Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, and many others. These names are often more confusing than enlightening for anyone but the experts. To make a long story short, there appear to have been several early humanlike ancestors and the exact relationships among them are not clear. These individuals walked on two legs, had relatively small brains, did not use tools, and were largely vegetarian. Sometime around 2.5 mya, however, a clearer line of human evolution emerged with the appearance of the first members of our own genus, Homo, again in East Africa. This area is the center for most of the current research on early human ancestors. There are fossil-containing geological deposits from the appropriate time periods. Many of the earliest human remains have been found in this region. The first Homo is subtitled habilis, or tool-using human. At about this same time, the first evidence for the manufacture of simple stone tools comes to light. These so-called pebble tools provided a cutting edge for a creature that lacked sharp teeth and claws. Stone tools may have afforded better access to meat for these individuals, whose brains began to grow from ape toward human in size. Shortly after 2 mya a new species, Homo ergaster, emerged in Africa and our evolutionary story started to change dramatically.
Conference papers on the topic "Wide cutting gap"
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Savriama, Guillaume, Vincent Jarry, Laurent Barreau, Chantal Boulmer-Leborgne, and Nadjib Semmar. "Laser micro-cutting of wide band gap materials." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2012. American Institute of Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739871.
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Takamine, Taiki, and Satoshi Watanabe. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Impeller-Diffuser Gap (A- and B-Gaps) on Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Pump at Part Flows." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5372.
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Abstract Because of the high energy density of multi-stage centrifugal pump, it is really important to ensure the reliability of the pumps thus the stability of rotor system in the wide flow rate range. Rotating stall is a well-known unsteady flow phenomenon in which one or several stall cell structures propagate circumferentially in impeller and/or diffuser. Rotating stall alters the peripheral pressure distribution of rotors, and therefore it is often regarded as one of the primary trigger of unstable fluid force acting on the rotor system. One possible factor which could affect the rotating stall is a geometrical relationship between the rotor and the stator. In the present study, unsteady RANS simulations of internal flow in a centrifugal pump are carried out. The pump is the partial model of the final stage of the three-stage centrifugal pump used in our previous study. In order to investigate the effect of the gap between impeller trailing edge and diffuser leading edge on the unsteady flow of the pump, three cases of impeller-diffuser gap is simulated; one is the smaller gap case with original impeller. The other cases are two larger gap cases with only cutting the impeller blades and with cutting the both impeller blades and impeller shroud walls. For all gap cases, the computations are conducted for the nominal flow rate and the low flor rate with 10% of the nominal flow rate. As a result, the rotating stall is observed only in the larger gap case with the cut shroud walls, indicating that the key phenomenon for the stable formation of the stall cell is not only the weakened rotor-stator interaction, but also the other phenomenon attributed to the enlarged gap between the impeller shroud walls and the diffuser walls. In the shroud cut case, a part of the main flow blocked by the stalled region and the secondary flow on the diffuser walls tend to flow into the side gaps more easily than other cases. They might be the important phenomenon associated with the diffuser rotating stall in the enlarged wall gap condition.
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Cohen, Joel H., and James H. Dailey. "New Machining Method for Nickel Based Thermal Sprays." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-399.
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The routine overhaul and repair of gas turbine components requires dimensional restoration of many components. This process is usually accomplished by using various thermal sprays to build up the worn part surface and then machining or grinding the thermal sprays to correct part tolerances and dimensions. These surfaces usually contain numerous holes that generate heavily interrupted surfaces to be machined. The combination of interrupted cuts and a very wear resistant thermal spray causes rapid tool wear on conventional carbide cutting tools. This rapid tool wear also produces poor surface finish, part taper, chipping around the hole edges, and increased tool pressure that could result in lifting or peeling of the sprayed material from the parent metal. This paper summarizes the results of machining nickel based thermal sprays with polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tools. The tests have shown a minimum 2–5x improvement in surface finish, dimensional control, part taper and up to 10x increase in productivity. The PCBN tools also generated lower cutting forces resulting in reduced stress and higher bond strengths in the part. This paper presents the data collected and the recommended machining parameters developed under controlled conditions for machining air plasma sprayed Metco 443, Metco 450, Inconel 718, two wire arc applied TAFA 75B, TAFA 73MXC, and high velocity oxygen fuel applied Inconel 718.
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Hong, Chungpyo, Shinichi Matsushita, Yutaka Asako, and Ichiro Ueno. "Characteristics of Turbulent Gas Flow in Microtubes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89272.
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This paper presents results of an experimental investigation of turbulent gas flow in microtubes fabricated by wire cutting electrical discharge machining (EDM) in a stainless steel block. The micro-tube was designed with a main flow tube and five pressure ports, which lead to the pressure transducers. The average diameters of the main tubes were 320 μm and 369 μm. And the aspect ratio of length to the average diameter is about 190. The outlet of the tube faced to the atmosphere. The pressure distribution of turbulent gas flow in microtubes fall steeply and Mach numbers increase near the outlet with increasing the inlet pressure due to flow acceleration. Both Darcy friction factors and Fanning friction factors of turbulent flow were obtained under the assumption of isothermal flow and under the assumption of one dimensional adiabatic flow. The later data reduction was proposed in the companion paper [1]. Friction factors obtained under assumption of isothermal flow is compared with one obtained under the assumption of one dimensional adiabatic flow. The result shows that the obtained Darcy and Fanning friction factors were evaluated as a function of Reynolds number on the Moody chart.
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Lin, Shaohui, Rongrong Ji, Yuchao Li, Yongjian Wu, Feiyue Huang, and Baochang Zhang. "Accelerating Convolutional Networks via Global & Dynamic Filter Pruning." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/336.
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Accelerating convolutional neural networks has recently received ever-increasing research focus. Among various approaches proposed in the literature, filter pruning has been regarded as a promising solution, which is due to its advantage in significant speedup and memory reduction of both network model and intermediate feature maps. To this end, most approaches tend to prune filters in a layer-wise fixed manner, which is incapable to dynamically recover the previously removed filter, as well as jointly optimize the pruned network across layers. In this paper, we propose a novel global & dynamic pruning (GDP) scheme to prune redundant filters for CNN acceleration. In particular, GDP first globally prunes the unsalient filters across all layers by proposing a global discriminative function based on prior knowledge of filters. Second, it dynamically updates the filter saliency all over the pruned sparse network, and then recover the mistakenly pruned filter, followed by a retraining phase to improve the model accuracy. Specially, we effectively solve the corresponding non-convex optimization problem of the proposed GDP via stochastic gradient descent with greedy alternative updating. Extensive experiments show that, comparing to the state-of-the-art filter pruning methods, the proposed approach achieves superior performance to accelerate several cutting-edge CNNs on the ILSVRC 2012 benchmark.
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Atluru, Sri, Amit Deshpande, Sam Huang, and Ron Pieper. "PneuViz: MTConnect Compliant Compressed Air Monitoring Application." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7389.
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Compressed air is regarded as the fourth largest utility in the manufacturing industry behind electricity, natural gas and water. It is used in a wide variety of pneumatic, mechanical and maintenance applications in every manufacturing facility. However, very little efforts have been made in trying to monitor and optimize the utilization of compressed air. Hence, a project was conducted to study and analyze the utilization of compressed air under various scenarios that are typical during metal cutting operation in a manufacturing facility. PneuViz application was developed using LabVIEW programming package to monitor and analyze the results. PneuViz was seamlessly linked with the MTConnect data being broadcasted on the corporate network. PneuViz provides drill down capability to analyze cost of compressed air on a per part, per machine, and per customer order. Monitoring the utilization of compressed air by a stand-alone Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine as well as the overall utilization on the shop floor was facilitated by the use of a sensor system comprising of a flow meter, Data Acquisition Device (DAQ), and a power sensor (load meter). MTConnect was used to enable plug-and-play functionality across the various machines on the shop floor. This was implemented by developing a system of MTConnect adapters that were able to capture the raw sensor data and broadcast it over the Ethernet network. Subsequently, analysis was carried out over various scenarios to determine the cost, energy and carbon footprint impact of the compressed air usage on the manufacturing shop floor.
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Benest, Terry. "Project WAGR: The UK Demonstration Project for Power Reactor Decommissioning - The Core and Beyond." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4544.
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The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) has built and operated a wide range of nuclear facilities since the late 1940s. UKAEA’s present mission is to restore the environment of these facilities in a safe and secure manner. This restoration includes the decommissioning of a number of redundant research and power reactors. The Windscale Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (WAGR) operated at an output of 33 MW (e) from 1963–1981 and comprised a carbon dioxide cooled, graphite moderated reactor using uranium dioxide fuel in stainless steel cans. WAGR was the prototype reactor used to develop technologies for the family of full-scale commercial AGRs that followed. Following shutdown, UKAEA decided to continue their research activities into the decommissioning phase to develop dismantling techniques and establish waste routes. The initial phases of the project involved the construction of the waste handling route and the design and construction of a remote dismantling machine and an interim ILW store. The reactor core and pressure vessel is now being dismantled in a programme of 10 campaigns. This paper will summarise the history of the reactor, the operation of the waste-processing route, the installed dismantling equipment and the successful completion of the first seven campaigns. The rapid completion of Campaign 6, “the reactor core and restraint structures”, will be described in detail. The paper will also describe work to develop remotely operated oxy-propane cutting equipment to dismantle the core support structures and the pressure vessel and due to be used in 2003/2004. Special attention will be given in this paper to the recent rapid progress in the remote dismantling campaigns and the low radiation doses incurred by operators.
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Cave, Michael, and Min Ji. "Impeller Manufacturing: Design for Machining." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64724.
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Today, there are 3 primary methods Solar Turbines, Inc. uses for manufacturing shrouded centrifugal impellers for the Oil and Gas industry. Impellers can be made by an investment casting process, single piece integrally-machined using point milling, or fabricated using a flank milled, open faced impeller and brazing a shroud in place. Investment cast impellers give the aero designer the greatest flexibility in the design, since the designer doesn’t need to be concerned about tool access or other manufacturing constraints. It is common to use this process for any impeller. Single piece integrally-machined impellers are relatively straightforward for high flow coefficient impellers, as the wide flow-path provides plenty of room for tool access. For lower flow coefficients, brazed shrouded impellers can be made very precisely, but at a substantially higher cost than the other methods. Each of these manufacturing methods also has a cost and aerodynamic performance associated with them. With the advent of high-speed machining and better cutting tools, integrally-machined impellers can offer an alternative manufacturing process over cast or fabricated impellers. However, determining the ability to integrally-machine an impeller historically is done late or even after the detailed design process. This can lead to costly redesigns to make sure the impeller can be machined, with flow-path and blade adjustments done after the aerodynamic design. Sometimes these adjustments are unsuccessful and the manufacturing process is abandoned. In this paper, 2 medium flow coefficient impellers are redesigned. These impellers are used in pipeline applications for the transmission of natural gas. The original designs were cast. By incorporating highly customized commercial software written exclusively for defining tool paths of integrally-machined shrouded impellers into the aerodynamic design process, new impeller geometry was defined that was able to be integrally-machined, while meeting or exceeding existing impeller performance and improved design cycle time. This paper will discuss how the machining software was used concurrently with CFD and FEA analysis during the design process. Test results from rig tests will be presented, showing measured results from both the original and redesigned stages.
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Cardoe, Jennifer, Gunnar Nygaard, Christopher Lane, Tero Saarno, and Marc Bird. "Oil and Gas Drill Bit Technology and Drilling Application Engineering Saves 77 Drilling Days on the World’s Deepest Engineered Geothermal Systems EGS Wells." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204121-ms.
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Abstract An Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) pilot project was commissioned to prove the economic viability of an industrial scale geothermal heat plant in Finland. The project aims to generate 40 MW of emission free heat energy, supplying up to 10% of the city of Espoo’s district heating needs. Two wells of 6400 m MD and 6213 m MD (measured depth) were drilled through formations of hard, abrasive granitic gneiss with maximum measured 560 MPa UCS (unconfined compressive strength). Typical dull conditions of lost and worn cutting structure and gauge diameter wear of between 3/16-in to ¼-in contributed to excessive torque, stuck incidences, low rate of penetration (ROP) and difficulties achieving build rate. To address these drilling challenges, this paper explores the interplay between new cemented carbide compact technology, drill bit design, and drilling parameter road mapping. The directional section of the first well was drilled with an average ROP below 2 m/hr and run length averaging 56 m per bit. The well took 246 drilling days and 44 BHAs (bottom hole assemblies) to achieve TD (total depth). Between the first and second well an application specific drill bit design package and step-wise parameter program were implemented. Design enhancements included improved gauge protection, bit hydraulics for minimizing cone erosion and subsequent TCI (tungsten carbide insert) compact loss. Novel hybrid TCI materials technology was introduced having a 100% improvement in wear resistance and durability as compared with conventional grades, to drill these hard and abrasive granitic formations. New BHAs and drilling plan were selected based on the bit design selection to reduce wear on BHA components, improve directional control and reducing drilling dysfunctions. Once these factors were under control, a low risk approach to extending the bit revolution limits (krev) for the roller cone sealed bearings could be implemented based on downhole parameters and previous bit dulls, leading to longer run lengths. The combination of bit design and material enhancements with a properly selected BHA and drill plan increased run lengths and ROP. The second well’s 8.5-in directional section was drilled with a 13% increase in average ROP and a 69% increase in average run length without exceeding krev limits. Well on well, a 77 day reduction in AFE (authorization for expenditure) was realized. We demonstrated the combination of oil and gas bit and BHA design, drilling plan, and new cutting material capabilities can reduce EGS well construction costs in order to make these renewable energy sources economical.
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Acharya, Sunil, Rhushik Matroja, Mohammad Elyyan Elyyan, Henri De Charnace’, and Yi Zhang. "Novel Design Optimization for Additive Manufactured Components." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30956-ms.
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Abstract In the last 10 years, Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) has matured substantially [1,2]. The evolution of metal powder-bed AM now, facilitates production-quality parts to be manufactured. Additive manufacturing has specially attracted attention for its ability to manufacture parts with complex shapes that are cost-ineffective or impossible to manufacture with traditional technologies. For Oil and Gas industry, this ability to manufacture complex shapes offers unprecedented opportunity to redesign and optimize wide ranging components from cutting heads, heat exchangers [3], pumping and filtration equipment to drill motors, inline static-mixers and flanges. as well as advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques. The present work shows how optimization and simulation tools are valuable in rapid development of more efficient and light-weighted components that take advantage of the 3D printing process. Additive Manufacturing, while promising offers its own challenges related to process parameter optimization and part distortions. So, testing new paradigm-shifting design becomes time consuming and expensive trial and error process. Computational methods for optimization and physics simulation reduce the risk of testing new designs concepts and make the transition to new products efficient and inexpensive. Conventional design and design-optimization techniques typically do not apply for AM part design. The flexibility of AM in generating complex shapes implies a lesser number of components and implicit savings in assembly. Also, the possibility of latticed structures allows for reduced components through consolidation. The ability to incorporate these structures broadens the design criteria to achieve previously unforeseen possibilities. After arriving at the part design, the "print design" needs to be addressed. The AM process involves large thermal transients, phase change and non-linear material properties potentially leading to distortions and residual stresses in the finished component. Process simulation is valuable in estimating stresses generated in components, distortion, and adequacy of the support design. The presentation illustrates the simulation methodologies in design, multi-physics and process optimization for a drill-head geometry.