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1
Dickison, Mike. "“Critter of the Week”: Wikipedia as a Museum Outreach Tool." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25798.
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Many museums spend time and money fruitlessly competing with Wikipedia, creating online information resources and image galleries that will be mostly ignored, as Wikipedia is usually the highest ranked search result for any query. Wikimedia Commons can host searchable, downloadable images and Wikipedia can be easily edited by volunteers and specialists; both cost nothing to use and have a global audience. Yet most museums have no Wikipedia strategy, and often their institutional copyright policies – needlessly, for most natural history collections – prevent them from engaging and openly sharing collection information. I’ll illustrate this with the case study of the Critter of the Week project, a collaboration between Radio NZ and the Department of Conservation that relies on the open image libraries of Auckland Museum and Landcare Research. There are simple institutional policies and procedures any museum can take that will support the work of the 70,000 volunteer Wikipedia editors. An institution can also directly host edit-a-thons and Wikipedia events, organise backstage tours for local Wikipedians, and host a Wikipedian in Residence. Subject specialists in a museum can even edit and update Wikipedia themselves, reaching a larger audience than almost any other science communication medium. In some ways, this is the opposite of how GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) institutions are used to working: collaborating with non-experts, releasing imperfect and unfinished content, abandoning branding opportunities, and no longer being the single voice of authority. But if we’re serious about being relevant to our public, we need to meet them where they are – which is on Wikipedia.
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Skolik, Sebastian. "Meaning of the Power Users in the Wikipedia Working Environment." European Conference on Knowledge Management 24, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 1228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.24.2.1376.
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One of the most popular sites to observe collaborative content creation on the Internet is Wikipedia. A significant part of the publication devoted to this encyclopaedia focuses on special forms of collaboration, such as WikiProjects, which allow to effective work sharing. The aim of the paper was to identify power users working in public spaces of Wikipedia, especially in WikiProjects, and to determine their importance for this form of cooperation in knowledge sharing. The research question was: what is the meaning of the Power Users in Wikipedia? The methods used in the paper were content analysis of activity logs of Wikipedians and participatory observation. The author presents the results of his own research on the total number of WikiProject users in the two language versions of Wikipedia: Polish and Korean. The research presented the existence of power users in the Polish and Korean versions. There was a moderately strong relationship between the length of time one remained active on Wikipedia and the time of joining as a Wikipedian, and a weak relationship between seniority and the number of WikiProjects in which the user was active. In turn, participatory observation identified the roles of power users, mainly as initiators of action in Wikipedia. The presented research results could be used mostly for coordinators of online communities, but also for the initiators of the new undertakings in cyberspace.
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Geiger, R., Aaron Halfaker, Maryana Pinchuk, and Steven Walling. "Defense Mechanism or Socialization Tactic? Improving Wikipedia’s Notifications to Rejected Contributors." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 6, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v6i1.14263.
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Unlike traditional firms, open collaborative systems rely on volunteers to operate, and many communities struggle to maintain enough contributors to ensure the quality and quantity of content. However, Wikipedia has historically faced the exact opposite problem: too much participation, particularly from users who, knowingly or not, do not share the same norms as veteran Wikipedians. During its period of exponential growth, the Wikipedian community developed specialized socio-technical defense mechanisms to protect itself from the negatives of massive participation: spam, vandalism, falsehoods, and other damage. Yet recently, Wikipedia has faced a number of high-profile issues with recruiting and retaining new contributors. In this paper, we first illustrate and describe the various defense mechanisms at work in Wikipedia, which we hypothesize are inhibiting newcomer retention. Next, we present results from an experiment aimed at increasing both the quantity and quality of editors by altering various elements of these defense mechanisms, specifically pre-scripted warnings and notifications that are sent to new editors upon reverting or rejecting contributions. Using logistic regressions to model new user activity, we show which tactics work best for different populations of users based on their motivations when joining Wikipedia. In particular, we found that personalized messages in which Wikipedians identified themselves in active voice and took direct responsibility for rejecting an editor’s contributions were much more successful across a variety of outcome metrics than the current messages, which typically use an institutional and passive voice.
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Karczewska, Anna. "GLAM Wikiprojects as a Form of Organization of Cooperation Between Wikipedia and Cultural Institutions." European Conference on Knowledge Management 24, no. 1 (September 5, 2023): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.24.1.1374.
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The development of new communication technologies enabled the digitalization of the knowledge resources of cultural institutions all over the world and made them available to a wider audience. This was possible through the cooperation of cultural institutions with Wikipedia’s WikiProjects and engagement of the users from numerous countries. It seems important to recognize if this form of cooperation between Wikipedians and institutions is effective and attracts enough participants. The article takes up the subject of the character and effects of this cooperation. The aim of the paper is to study the activity of Wikipedians, including newcomers, in GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) WikiProjects in several language versions of Wikipedia as an open knowledge project. The research questions concerned the characteristics of the activity of Wikipedians in GLAM WikiProjects and the differences between the behaviour of Wikipedians in GLAM WikiProjects in different language versions. The method used in the research is the content analysis, which includes quantitative tools. The author acquired and calculated the data on the activity of GLAM Wikiprojects participants thanks to the Wikipedia xTools tool. The calculations were made on participants of GLAM WikiProjects from five language versions of Wikipedia. The main conclusion from the research is that the results of this kind of organization of work, especially in terms of newcomers, are not satisfactory. The most effective participants are the coordinators of the projects or/and the Wikipedians with the highest seniority. Newly acquired participants most often do not continue their activity for long time. However, there are some differences in different language versions of Wikipedia. English one has better results in retaining and engaging new users. What is interesting is that despite the wide popularization and engagement of the GLAM institutions in the collaboration with Wikipedia, there is a relatively low interest of new Wikipedians in GLAM Wikiprojects. In order to reach a successful cooperation, it is significant to improve the effectiveness of welcoming, engaging, and retaining newcomers in the projects. The results may be of use to the practitioners of the virtual communities of practice which focus on creating and sharing knowledge.
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Kopf, Susanne. "IN VARIETATE CONCORDIA? WIKIPEDIA EDITOR DEBATES ABOUT EU CULTURE." Discourse and Interaction 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2021-1-53.
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This paper addresses how the Wikipedia community has debated the existence of an EU culture on a Wikipedia discussion site between 2001 and 2019. That is, a corpus of discussions among Wikipedia editors (‘Wikipedians’) was examined to shed light on how the Wikipedians involved argue for/against the idea that an overarching EU culture exists at present. This, combined with an examination of debates about concrete cultural elements associated with the EU, permits an insight into Wikipedians’ conception(s) of the union. Drawing on argumentation analysis shows that the data examined indicates that cultural commonality across EU member states is not necessarily ascribed to the EU but to their being European countries. Additionally, even Wikipedians who argue that an overarching EU culture exists do not necessarily actually subscribe to this view but argue for reference to cultural elements in the Wikipedia article on the EU in order to signal to Wikipedia readers that the EU is “more than a set of treaties”.
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Blikstad-Balas, Marte, and Tora Høgenes. "Wikipedias inntog på kildelista – holdninger blant lærere og elever til Wikipedia i en skolekontekst." Acta Didactica Norge 8, no. 1 (May 5, 2014): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.1094.
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I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan elever og lærere forholder seg til et av verdens mest populære nettsteder, det digitale leksikonet Wikipedia. Internasjonal forskning antyder at mens Wikipedia er svært populært blant elever, kan mange lærere styre sin begeistring for Wikipedia som faglig kilde i skolearbeid. Studien vi presenterer kombinerer to ulike datakilder for å belyse empirisk hvordan elever og lærere forholder seg til Wikipedia. Dataene om elevers holdninger er skriftlige svar 168 elever i videregående skole har gitt på spørsmål om hva de anser som de største fordelene og de største ulempene med Wikipedia i skolesammenheng. Dataene som sier noe om hvordan lærere forholder seg til det samme nettstedet er kvalitative intervjuer av fire samfunnsfaglærere. Lærerne intervjues om hvordan de forholder seg til elevenes bruk av Wikipedia og i hvilken grad de selv integrerer Wikipedia i undervisningen sin. Studien viser at mens elevene er svært samstemte om Wikipedias kvaliteter, er det stor individuell variasjon i lærernes holdninger til Wikipedia, og i hvilken grad de eksplisitt gir elevene opplæring og råd om kildekritikk. Vi finnes også at flere elever anser lærernes skepsis som en av Wikipedias største ulemper i skolesammenheng og tilpasser seg lærernes preferanser på ulike vis. Avslutningsvis diskuterer vi implikasjoner av studien og argumenterer for at det kan være uheldig om det er tilfeldig om Wikipedia adresseres eksplisitt i undervisning eller ei.
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Centelles, Miquel, and Núria Ferran-Ferrer. "Assessing knowledge organization systems from a gender perspective: Wikipedia taxonomy and Wikidata ontologies." Journal of Documentation 80, no. 7 (April 5, 2024): 124–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-11-2023-0230.
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PurposeDevelop a comprehensive framework for assessing the knowledge organization systems (KOSs), including the taxonomy of Wikipedia and the ontologies of Wikidata, with a specific focus on enhancing management and retrieval with a gender nonbinary perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs heuristic and inspection methods to assess Wikipedia’s KOS, ensuring compliance with international standards. It evaluates the efficiency of retrieving non-masculine gender-related articles using the Catalan Wikipedian category scheme, identifying limitations. Additionally, a novel assessment of Wikidata ontologies examines their structure and coverage of gender-related properties, comparing them to Wikipedia’s taxonomy for advantages and enhancements.FindingsThis study evaluates Wikipedia’s taxonomy and Wikidata’s ontologies, establishing evaluation criteria for gender-based categorization and exploring their structural effectiveness. The evaluation process suggests that Wikidata ontologies may offer a viable solution to address Wikipedia’s categorization challenges.Originality/valueThe assessment of Wikipedia categories (taxonomy) based on KOS standards leads to the conclusion that there is ample room for improvement, not only in matters concerning gender identity but also in the overall KOS to enhance search and retrieval for users. These findings bear relevance for the design of tools to support information retrieval on knowledge-rich websites, as they assist users in exploring topics and concepts.
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Ju, Boryung, and Brenton Stewart. "“The right information”: perceptions of information bias among Black Wikipedians." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 1486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-02-2019-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine motivators that drive Black Wikipedia contribution. The authors explore motivations around content contribution, effects of gender on motivations and self-perceptions of Black Wikipedia labor. Design/methodology/approach A total of 318 Black American Wikipedia contributors completed an online survey. The authors employed both quantitative and qualitative methods in the study including descriptive statistics, multivariate (MANOVA) and univariate (ANOVA) analysis of variance to examine gender differences in Wikipedia content contribution. In addition, open-ended responses were evaluated, through content analysis, to make inferences on their perceptions of Wikipedia labor. Findings This paper identifies racial identity and perceptions of information quality as strong motivators in content contribution among Black Wikipedians. Motivators are gender variant; men are more motivated than women with the lone exception being racial identity. Additionally, the study identifies Wikipedia as a contested space among Black contributors and is a site of resistance. Originality/value Black Wikipedians information activity is a relatively new and understudied phenomenon. This paper presents new insight and a deeper understanding of Black Wikipedians’ motivations for information sharing behaviors in the most popular encyclopedia on the internet.
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Beschastnikh, Ivan, Travis Kriplean, and David McDonald. "Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action: Motivating the Policy Lens." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 2, no. 1 (September 25, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v2i1.18611.
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While previous studies have used the Wikipedia dataset to provide an understanding of its growth, there have been few attempts to quantitatively analyze the establishment and evolution of the rich social practices that support this editing community. One such social practice is the enactment and creation of Wikipedian policies. We focus on the enactment of policies in discussions on the talk pages that accompany each article. These policy citations are a valuable micro-to-macro connection between everyday action, communal norms and the governance structure of Wikipedia. We find that policies are widely used by registered users and administrators, that their use is converging and stabilizing in and across these groups, and that their use illustrates the growing importance of certain classes of work, in particular source attribution. We also find that participation in Wikipedia's governance structure is inclusionary in practice.
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Matheson, David, and Catherine Matheson-Monnet. "Wikipedia as Informal Self-Education for Clinical Decision-Making in Medical Practice." Open Medicine Journal 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301704010015.
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Background:For almost any topic, a Wikipedia page will appear among the first ten items of a search online. Wikipedia is also a site whose quality and reliability has been called into question.Methods:In this paper, we aim to discuss medical practitioners’ use of Wikipedia, what this consists of and what it might be. We consider the context and history of Wikipedia before discussing the relationship between Wikipedia and the medical profession. In so doing, we will consider Wikipedia as a means of informal self-education and the extent to which it might inform clinical decision-making. We compare with the existing literature results from our two small-scale empirical studies of Wikipedia and clinical decision-making.Results:Notwithstanding issues over quality and reliability, Wikipedia’s rules on verifiability are such that its articles are very heavily referenced, and this is just as true of health-related articles. The Cochrane/Wikipedia Initiative in improving the quality and reliability of medical and health pages in Wikipedia is significant in increasing reliability. Our respondents largely concurred with the results from earlier studies on the use of Wikipedia by medical practitioners.Conclusion:Perhaps the very doubt over Wikipedia’s accuracy is its greatest strength as a means of informal education of doctors. That medical and health articles on Wikipedia can be so fully referenced and still be doubted is arguably a good thing and one whose effects may be spread into other, more trusted, publications. Hence, one might envisage a future where no one source is taken automatically on trust.
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Ban, Kristina, Matjaž Perc, and Zoran Levnajić. "Robust clustering of languages across Wikipedia growth." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 171217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171217.
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Wikipedia is the largest existing knowledge repository that is growing on a genuine crowdsourcing support. While the English Wikipedia is the most extensive and the most researched one with over 5 million articles, comparatively little is known about the behaviour and growth of the remaining 283 smaller Wikipedias, the smallest of which, Afar, has only one article. Here, we use a subset of these data, consisting of 14 962 different articles, each of which exists in 26 different languages, from Arabic to Ukrainian. We study the growth of Wikipedias in these languages over a time span of 15 years. We show that, while an average article follows a random path from one language to another, there exist six well-defined clusters of Wikipedias that share common growth patterns. The make-up of these clusters is remarkably robust against the method used for their determination, as we verify via four different clustering methods. Interestingly, the identified Wikipedia clusters have little correlation with language families and groups. Rather, the growth of Wikipedia across different languages is governed by different factors, ranging from similarities in culture to information literacy.
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Maggio, Lauren A., John M. Willinsky, Joseph A. Costello, Nadine A. Skinner, Paolo C. Martin, and Jennifer E. Dawson. "Integrating Wikipedia editing into health professions education: a curricular inventory and review of the literature." Perspectives on Medical Education 9, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00620-1.
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Abstract Introduction Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia read by millions seeking medical information. To provide health professions students with skills to critically assess, edit, and improve Wikipedia’s medical content, a skillset aligned with evidence-based medicine (EBM), Wikipedia courses have been integrated into health professions schools’ curriculum. This literature review and curricular inventory of Wikipedia educational initiatives provides an overview of current approaches and identifies directions for future initiatives and research. Methods Five databases were searched for articles describing educational interventions to train health professional students to edit Wikipedia. Course dashboards, maintained by Wiki Education (Wiki Edu), were searched for curricular materials. From these sources, key details were extracted and synthesized, including student and instructor type, course content, educational methods, and student outcomes. Results Six articles and 27 dashboards reported courses offered between 2015 and 2019. Courses were predominantly offered to medical and nursing students. Instructors delivered content via videos, live lectures, and online interactive modules. Course content included logistics of Wikipedia editing, EBM skills, and health literacy. All courses included assignments requiring students to edit Wikipedia independently or in groups. Limited details on assessment of student learning were available. Discussion A small but growing number of schools are training health professions education students to improve Wikipedia’s medical content. Course details are available on Wiki Edu dashboards and, to a lesser extent, in peer-reviewed publications. While more needs to be done in conducting and sharing assessment of student learning, integrating Wikipedia into health professions education has potential to facilitate learning of EBM and communication skills, improve Wikipedia’s online content, and engage students with an autonomous environment while learning. Future considerations should include a thorough assessment of student learning and practices, a final review of student edits to ensure they follow Wikipedia’s guidelines and are written in clear language, and improved sharing of teaching resources by instructors.
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Todorinova, Lily. "Wikipedia and undergraduate research trajectories." New Library World 116, no. 3/4 (March 9, 2015): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-07-2014-0086.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to analyze undergraduate students’ use of Wikipedia bibliographies. The study has implications for Wikipedia as a “discovery tool” of library collections, library instructional practices and understanding the complex ecology of students’ research processes. Design/methodology/approach – Thirty undergraduate students were recruited from introductory English writing classes. A controlled survey was conducted in Qualtrics®, including the following sections: pre and post test of students’ understanding of authority/quality of sources; tasks analyzing participants’ choices for further research after reading a Wikipedia article; and students’ determination of the authority/quality of sources in Wikipedia reference pages, using an adapted version of the Turnitin® Source Educational Evaluation Rubric. Findings – The investigator found that students were unlikely to follow references they found in bibliographies of Wikipedia pages, unless instructed to do so. This was expressed most clearly in their comments, which revealed that Wikipedia’s reference sections are found to be too overwhelming and numerous. These entries are depicted by order of appearance in the text and are not ranked, or presented in an order students considered useful. Participants were not likely to use Wikipedia as a discovery tool of library content because they perceived Wikipedia as being markedly different, even in opposition to, library resources. Students disclosed being warned by their faculty and instructors not to use the online encyclopedia at all in their research process. However, paradoxically, after reading a Wikipedia article, students were most likely to go to Google, or revisit Wikipedia, for more information, as opposed to using the library. Study participants reported that “ease of access” is the most important consideration when choosing sources to include in research papers, followed by the actual authority/quality of these sources. Students also greatly benefited from having a structured rubric available at the point of their research process when they are asked to determine the authority/quality of sources, and especially within Wikipedia bibliographies. Research limitations/implications – This is a small-scale study of students’ use of Wikipedia in one university campus, but its results can spark a discussion of the larger question of undergraduates’ research trajectories. The findings of the study suggest that these trajectories are extremely influenced by two conflicting issues: faculty influence and resource convenience. The researchers plan to extend the study to include faculty’s perceptions of the value of Wikipedia to undergraduate students’ research, including faculty’s own involvement as Wikipedia editors and contributors. Future research of undergraduate’s use of Wikipedia could benefit from a greater recruitment of participants across a diverse pool of academic institutions, as well as a mixed research method of observation, task analysis and interviews. Practical implications – The findings of the study offer suggestions for both the design aspect of Wikipedia and the instructional methods of academic librarians. This study also informs library practices and emerging collaborations with Wikipedia, specifically the “Wikipedian in Residence” program and the concept of using Wikipedia as one type of a discovery tool. Originality/value – There is a lack of empirical evidence showing how or if students use Wikipedia bibliographies to continue their research. The possibility of the online encyclopedia as a discovery tool for library collections is relatively unknown and unexplored. The topic of collaboration between Wikipedia and libraries is new and emerging in the field.
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Grillo, Katherine M., and Daniel A. Contreras. "Public Archaeology's Mammoth in the Room: Engaging Wikipedia as a Tool for Teaching and Outreach." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 4 (May 27, 2019): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.8.
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AbstractAlthough archaeology has become increasingly concerned with engaging diverse publics, and has embraced the internet as a means of facilitating such engagement, attitudes towards Wikipedia have—understandably—been more ambivalent. Nevertheless, we argue here, Wikipedia's popularity and reach mean that archaeologists should actively engage with the website by adding and improving archaeological content. One way to do this is in the classroom: this paper provides a detailed how-to for instructors interested in having students create new Wikipedia content. We provide a case study in Wikipedia engagement from an advanced undergraduate course on African Archaeology, assess a program (Wiki Education) designed to help, and suggest further avenues for future outreach. We conclude that Wikipedia's utopian mission aligns with many of the goals of public archaeology, and argue that archaeology has much to gain by engaging with—rather than ignoring or even shunning—Wikipedia.
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Kock, Ned, Yusun Jung, and Thant Syn. "Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research." International Journal of e-Collaboration 12, no. 2 (April 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2016040101.
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Wikipedia's precursor started in the year 2000 as a traditional online encyclopedia with content controlled by a small group of experts. In 2013 Wikipedia's current user-controlled incarnation was such a successful enterprise that an asteroid was named after it. The authors briefly discuss key opportunities and challenges in e-collaboration research on Wikipedia. The opportunities refer to studies on the impact of Wikipedia on individuals and organizations, as well as on the spontaneous formation of online communities. The main challenges discussed refer to the consensus-building nature of content creation in Wikipedia, making practical applications of findings somewhat limited, as well as data compilation difficulties.
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Singer, Philipp, Thomas Niebler, Markus Strohmaier, and Andreas Hotho. "Computing Semantic Relatedness from Human Navigational Paths: A Case Study on Wikipedia." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 9, no. 4 (October 2013): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2013100103.
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In this article, the authors present a novel approach for computing semantic relatedness and conduct a large-scale study of it on Wikipedia. Unlike existing semantic analysis methods that utilize Wikipedia’s content or link structure, the authors propose to use human navigational paths on Wikipedia for this task. The authors obtain 1.8 million human navigational paths from a semi-controlled navigation experiment – a Wikipedia-based navigation game, in which users are required to find short paths between two articles in a given Wikipedia article network. The authors’ results are intriguing: They suggest that (i) semantic relatedness computed from human navigational paths may be more precise than semantic relatedness computed from Wikipedia’s plain link structure alone and (ii) that not all navigational paths are equally useful. Intelligent selection based on path characteristics can improve accuracy. The authors’ work makes an argument for expanding the existing arsenal of data sources for calculating semantic relatedness and to consider the utility of human navigational paths for this task.
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Soules, Aline. "Faculty perception of Wikipedia in the California State University System." New Library World 116, no. 3/4 (March 9, 2015): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-08-2014-0096.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore whether faculty perceptions of Wikipedia have changed over a five-year period. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted of four universities in the California State University System – California State University, East Bay; Humboldt State University; Cal Poly San Luis Obispo; and California State University, Fresno. Following the survey, respondents who volunteered their contact information were interviewed about their perceptions and/or their assignments/projects involving Wikipedia. Findings – The study showed that, overall, faculty perceptions of Wikipedia have shifted in Wikipedia’s favor and that some faculty members create interesting and unique assignments that involve Wikipedia or Wikipedia-like work. Research limitations/implications – This study sampled 4 of 23 campuses in the California State University System. Practical implications – The growing acceptance of Wikipedia has implications for course work with students both in terms of assignments in the discipline and also for the need to ensure students understand how to evaluate sources. Social implications – The shift to Wikipedia is symptomatic of the larger shift to non-traditional research tools. Originality/value – The literature discussing faculty perceptions of Wikipedia has not discussed whether faculty perceptions are shifting.
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McMahon, Connor, Isaac Johnson, and Brent Hecht. "The Substantial Interdependence of Wikipedia and Google: A Case Study on the Relationship Between Peer Production Communities and Information Technologies." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 11, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v11i1.14883.
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While Wikipedia is a subject of great interest in the computing literature, very little work has considered Wikipedia’s important relationships with other information technologies like search engines. In this paper, we report the results of two deception studies whose goal was to better understand the critical relationship between Wikipedia and Google. These studies silently removed Wikipedia content from Google search results and examined the effect of doing so on participants’ interactions with both websites. Our findings demonstrate and characterize an extensive interdependence between Wikipedia and Google. Google becomes a worse search engine for many queries when it cannot surface Wikipedia content (for example, click-through rates on results pages drop significantly) and the importance of Wikipedia content is likely greater than many improvements to search algorithms. Our results also highlight Google’s critical role in providing readership to Wikipedia. However, we also found evidence that this mutually beneficial relationship is in jeopardy: changes Google has made to its search results that involve directly surfacing Wikipedia content are significantly reducing traffic to Wikipedia. Overall, our findings argue that researchers and practitioners should give deeper consideration to the interdependence between peer production communities and the information technologies that use and surface their content.
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Colavizza, Giovanni. "COVID-19 research in Wikipedia." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 4 (December 2020): 1349–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00080.
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Wikipedia is one of the main sources of free knowledge on the Web. During the first few months of the pandemic, over 5,200 new Wikipedia pages on COVID-19 were created, accumulating over 400 million page views by mid-June 2020. 1 At the same time, an unprecedented amount of scientific articles on COVID-19 and the ongoing pandemic have been published online. Wikipedia’s content is based on reliable sources, such as scientific literature. Given its public function, it is crucial for Wikipedia to rely on representative and reliable scientific results, especially in a time of crisis. We assess the coverage of COVID-19-related research in Wikipedia via citations to a corpus of over 160,000 articles. We find that Wikipedia editors are integrating new research at a fast pace, and have cited close to 2% of the COVID-19 literature under consideration. While doing so, they are able to provide a representative coverage of COVID-19-related research. We show that all the main topics discussed in this literature are proportionally represented from Wikipedia, after accounting for article-level effects. We further use regression analyses to model citations from Wikipedia and show that Wikipedia editors on average rely on literature that is highly cited, widely shared on social media, and peer-reviewed.
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Konieczny, Piotr. "Where experts and amateurs meet: the ideological hobby of medical volunteering on Wikipedia." WikiJournal of Medicine 10, no. 1 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2023.005.
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The following paper advances our understanding of online volunteering in the medical context, through the study of Wikipedia volunteers who edit medical topics. It employs the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) model to study volunteers' motivations through a survey carried out in 2021 (N=74). It highlights the importance of the non-traditional VFI dimensions of "fun" and "ideology" which have not been adequately discussed in the context of medical volunteering. The findings also show that Wikipedia volunteers who edit medical topics are older, more gender-balanced, and better educated than typical Wikipedia volunteers from a decade ago. Many are medical professionals, and their significant involvement helps to explain the above-average quality of Wikipedia medical topics. Conversely, the study reveals the need for more experts to engage with Wikipedia. Lack of volunteers, in particular, experts, and inadequate support from professional institutions, are identified as main reasons for problems in Wikipedia's quality.
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Singh, Harshdeep, Robert West, and Giovanni Colavizza. "Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia." Quantitative Science Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00105.
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Abstract Wikipedia’s content is based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close this gap, we release Wikipedia Citations, a comprehensive data set of citations extracted from Wikipedia. We extracted29.3 million citations from 6.1 million English Wikipedia articles as of May 2020, and classified as being books, journal articles, or Web content. We were thus able to extract 4.0 million citations to scholarly publications with known identifiers—including DOI, PMC, PMID, and ISBN—and further equip an extra 261 thousand citations with DOIs from Crossref. As a result, we find that 6.7% of Wikipedia articles cite at least one journal article with an associated DOI, and that Wikipedia cites just 2% of all articles with a DOI currently indexed in the Web of Science. We release our code to allow the community to extend upon our work and update the data set in the future.
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Wang, Alice, Aasish Pappu, and Henriette Cramer. "Representation of Music Creators on Wikipedia, Differences in Gender and Genre." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15 (May 22, 2021): 764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18101.
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Wikipedia is not only the world’s largest online encyclopedia and among the most frequented websites, but provides important data leveraged by many popular services and products. Since Wikipedia data is ubiquitously encountered, it is important to evaluate its coverage of content and identify data gaps that may exist. Here, we evaluate Wikipedia’s coverage of the music domain, which is one of the most popular topics.Particularly, we compile the most prominent 50,000 music artists (by streaming popularity on a large online streaming platform) and determine whether each artist has a Wikipedia page. We first show that streaming popularity correlates with Wikipedia representation – while 90% of the top one thousand most popularly streamed artists are on Wikipedia, the chance of being on Wikipedia drops to 50% after the ten thousandth artist. Next, we examine the Wikipedia coverage of artists of different gender and genre, while controlling for popularity.We also examine, for artists that are on Wikipedia, the amount of content, frequency of edits, and Pagerank for their pages.We uncover large differences in representation for artists of different genres; for the same popularity level ,hiphop, latin, and dance/electronic artists are most lacking in representation while rock artists have approximately twice as much representation. With respect to gender, while female artists are under represented in the top of the music industry itself, male artists were less likely represented on Wikipedia relative to the female artists in this study’s top sample, suggesting inter-action with genre and visibility of select superstars.
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Verma, Amit Arjun, Neeru Dubey, Simran Setia, Prudvi Kamtam, and S. R. S. Iyengar. "Quantifying the Impact of Biopics on Wikipedia Articles." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 24, no. 3 (July 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.20220701.oa5.
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Wikipedia is known for its extensive and comprehensive knowledge of multifarious topics. These topics are maintained as articles along with a history of versions of these articles, these versions are also known as revisions. Revisions are the results of edits made by various users. Here, the authors analyze biographical Wikipedia articles, mainly biographies that have a movie based on them re- leased after the year 2010. The authors look at the impact of the movie release on its corresponding biography article on Wikipedia by looking at various metrics of each revision in a Wikipedia article and analyze how the revisions closer to the movie’s release date compare with the rest of the revisions. The results show that quality and content in Wikipedia articles increases significantly during the release time frame of corresponding biopics. The authors believe their work will stimulate more research in the direction of understanding Wikipedia’s relationship with its allied portals.
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Kiesel, Johannes, Martin Potthast, Matthias Hagen, and Benno Stein. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Reverted Wikipedia Edits." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 11, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v11i1.14900.
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Little is known about what causes anti-social behavior online. The paper at hand analyzes vandalism and damage in Wikipedia with regard to the time it is conducted and the country it originates from. First, we identify vandalism and damaging edits via ex post facto evidence by mining Wikipedia’s revert graph. Second, we geolocate the cohort of edits from anonymous Wikipedia editors using their associated IP addresses and edit times, showing the feasibility of reliable historic geolocation with respect to country and time zone, even under limited geolocation data. Third, we conduct the first spatio-temporal analysis of vandalism on Wikipedia. Our analysis reveals significant differences for vandalism activities during the day, and for different days of the week, seasons, countries of origin, as well as Wikipedia’s languages. For the analyzed countries, the ratio is typically highest at non-summer workday mornings, with additional peaks after break times. We hence assume that Wikipedia vandalism is linked to labor, perhaps serving as relief from stress or boredom, whereas cultural differences have a large effect. Our results open up avenues for new research on collaborative writing at scale, and advanced technologies to identify and handle antisocial behavior in online communities.
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Yim, Andrew, Matthew Vetter, and Jun Akiyoshi. "“I Don’t Feel Like It Is ‘Mine’ at All”: Assessing Wikipedia Editors’ Sense of Individual and Community Ownership." Written Communication 41, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 419–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07410883241242103.
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Given Wikipedia’s breadth of coverage, social impact, and longevity as an impactful open knowledge resource, the encyclopedia has been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary research. Building on scholarship related to collaboration, authorship, ownership, and editing in Wikipedia, this study sought to better understand Wikipedians as writers, paying specific attention to their sense of ownership. While previous research has shown that editors engage in individualist editing practices at times, often ignoring community-mediated policy regarding ownership, findings from a mixed-method survey of 117 editors demonstrate the existence of both “individual” and “community” notions of ownership that often reinforce, or mutually inform, each other. This study adds clarity to these issues by demonstrating how feelings of individual ownership, voice, and pride in writing often occur in collaborative circumstances. This research ultimately extends our understanding of collaborative writing in what is one of the most well-known collaborative websites. Despite contemporary theoretical strides advocating for relinquishing ownership concepts in favor of distributed or ecological frameworks, the concept of ownership remains prevalent within digital writing communities, exemplified by Wikipedia.
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Piccardi, T., R. West, M. Redi, and G. Colavizza. "Quantifying Engagement with Citations on Wikipedia. (Part 2) (The translation and original text of the article are presented)." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 10 (December 8, 2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-10-63-76.
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Wikipedia is one of the most visited sites on the Web and a common source of information for many users. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia was not conceived as a source of original information, but as a gateway to secondary sources: according to Wikipedia’s guidelines, facts must be backed up by reliable sources that reflect the full spectrum of views on the topic. Although citations lie at the heart of Wikipedia, little is known about how users interact with them. To close this gap, we built client-side instrumentation for logging all interactions with links leading from English Wikipedia articles to cited references during one month, and conducted the first analysis of readers’ interactions with citations. We find that overall engagement with citations is low: about one in 300 page views results in a reference click (0,29% overall; 0,56% on desktop; 0,13% on mobile). Matched observational studies of the factors associated with reference clicking reveal that clicks occur more frequently on shorter pages and on pages of lower quality, suggesting that references are consulted more commonly when Wikipedia itself does not contain the information sought by the user. Moreover, we observe that recent content, open access sources, and references about life events (births, deaths, marriages, etc.) are particularly popular. Taken together, our findings deepen our understanding of Wikipedia’s role in a global information economy where reliability is ever less certain, and source attribution ever more vital.
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Moyer, Daniel, Samuel Carson, Thayne Dye, Richard Carson, and David Goldbaum. "Determining the Influence of Reddit Posts on Wikipedia Pageviews." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 5 (August 3, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i5.14700.
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The activity of passive content consumers on social media sites is typically difficult to measure. This paper explores the activity of a subset of such consumers by looking at the influence on Wikipedia pageviews of one large Reddit community which frequently links to Wikipedia articles. The subreddit used in this analysis, /r/todayilearned (TIL), features a large number of posts on an eclectic set of topics, but excludes current events, which helps rule out the primary threat to being able to make causal statements. Wikipedia's public hourly pageview data provides a unique opportunity to study the influence of a Reddit post on a Wikipedia page at different time horizons. We here present analyses using posts from 2012 in TIL, showing that the week in which a post references a specific Wikipedia article is associated with a substantial increase in pageviews relative to prior and successive weeks. We then apply functional PCA to the dataset in order to characterize pageview dynamics. We also provide a qualitative analysis of the subset of Wikipedia topics posted to Reddit.
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Sanger, Lawrence M. "The Fate of Expertise after Wikipedia." Episteme 6, no. 1 (February 2009): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1742360008000543.
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ABSTRACTWikipedia has challenged traditional notions about the roles of experts in the Internet Age. Section 1 sets up a paradox. Wikipedia is a striking popular success, and yet its success can be attributed to the fact that it is wide open and bottom-up. How can such a successful knowledge project disdain expertise? Section 2 discusses the thesis that if Wikipedia could be shown by an excellent survey of experts to be fantastically reliable, then experts would not need to be granted positions of special authority. But, among other problems, this thesis is self-stultifying. Section 3 explores a couple ways in which egalitarian online communities might challenge the occupational roles or the epistemic leadership roles of experts. There is little support for the notion that the distinctive occupations that require expertise are being undermined. It is also implausible that Wikipedia and its like might take over the epistemic leadership roles of experts. Section 4 argues that a main reason that Wikipedia’s articles are as good as they are is that they are edited by knowledgeable people to whom deference is paid, although voluntarily. But some Wikipedia articles suffer because so many aggressive people drive off people more knowledgeable than they are; so there is no reason to think that Wikipedia’s articles will continually improve. Moreover, Wikipedia’s commitment to anonymity further drives off good contributors. Generally, some decisionmaking role for experts is not just consistent with online knowledge communities being open and bottom-up, it is recommended as well.
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Mitrevski, Blagoj, Tiziano Piccardi, and Robert West. "WikiHist.html: English Wikipedia's Full Revision History in HTML Format." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 14 (May 26, 2020): 878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v14i1.7353.
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Wikipedia is written in the wikitext markup language. When serving content, the MediaWiki software that powers Wikipedia parses wikitext to HTML, thereby inserting additional content by expanding macros (templates and modules). Hence, researchers who intend to analyze Wikipedia as seen by its readers should work with HTML, rather than wikitext. Since Wikipedia's revision history is publicly available exclusively in wikitext format, researchers have had to produce HTML themselves, typically by using Wikipedia's REST API for ad-hoc wikitext-to-HTML parsing. This approach, however, (1) does not scale to very large amounts of data and (2) does not correctly expand macros in historical article revisions. We solve these problems by developing a parallelized architecture for parsing massive amounts of wikitext using local instances of MediaWiki, enhanced with the capacity of correct historical macro expansion. By deploying our system, we produce and release WikiHist.html, English Wikipedia's full revision history in HTML format. We highlight the advantages of WikiHist.html over raw wikitext in an empirical analysis of Wikipedia's hyperlinks, showing that over half of the wiki links present in HTML are missing from raw wikitext, and that the missing links are important for user navigation. Data and code are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3605388.
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Greenstein, Shane, and Feng Zhu. "Is Wikipedia Biased?" American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.343.
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This study empirically examines whether Wikipedia has a neutral point of view. It develops a method for measuring the slant of 28 thousand articles about US politics. In its earliest years, Wikipedia's political entries lean Democrat on average. The slant diminishes during Wikipedia's decade of experience. This change does not arise primarily from revision of existing articles. Most articles arrive with a slant, and most articles change only mildly from their initial slant. The overall slant changes due to the entry of articles with opposite slants, leading toward neutrality for many topics, not necessarily within specific articles.
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Lum, Max. "P-208 THE BASICS OF WIKIPEDIA FOR OSH HEALTH PROFESSIONALS BASED ON PRACTICE: A HANDS-ON EDITING SESSION TO EXPAND THE REACH AND IMPACT OF OUR EVIDENCED-BASED INFORMATION. (BRING YOUR LAPTOP)." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0754.
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Abstract Introduction Wikipedia the collaboratively written, web-based encyclopedia is the dominant online global reference for patients, health providers and the public. Wikipedia ranks as the seventh most accessed internet web site with a reported 18 billion page views a month. This ICOH session is designed to provide the basics of editing and examines how Wikipedia is currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), highlighting use during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods This interactive presentation is guided by the results of a continuing investigation of how traffic from Wikipedia articles correlates with traffic to the main NIOSH web site and how page view statistics compare to organic search and other web site drivers of information dissemination. Results Data shows that by developing and implementing a carefully crafted online editing strategy Wikipedia can become an important driver of evidenced-based information. Discussion Currently, after Google search Wikipedia is the number one driver of visitors to the Institute’s web site. The rank of a web sites among search engines depends on search engine algorithms and search engine optimization strategies (SEO), which aim to influence rankings. Wikipedia enhances global search algorithms. Conclusion Given Wikipedia’s unique global reach the possibility for international collaboration has the potential of enhancing the worldwide delivery of free, high quality, and up to date OSH prevention interventions and research. Investigators hypothesize that well received Wikipedia edits of broad public interest will spawn positive global derivative work and stimulate new page edits as well as increase access to OSH evidence-based information
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Lemieux, Mackenzie Emily, Rebecca Zhang, and Francesca Tripodi. "“Too Soon” to count? How gender and race cloud notability considerations on Wikipedia." Big Data & Society 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 205395172311654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517231165490.
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While research has explored the extent of gender bias and the barriers to women's inclusion on English-language Wikipedia, very little research has focused on the problem of racial bias within the encyclopedia. Despite advocacy groups' efforts to incrementally improve representation on Wikipedia, much is unknown regarding how biographies are assessed after creation. Applying a combination of web-scraping, deep learning, natural language processing, and qualitative analysis to pages of academics nominated for deletion on Wikipedia, we demonstrate how Wikipedia's notability guidelines are unequally applied across race and gender. We find that online presence predicts whether a Wikipedia page is kept or deleted for white male academics but that this metric is idiosyncratically applied for female and BIPOC academics. Further, women's pages, regardless of race, were more likely to be deemed “too soon” for Wikipedia. A deeper analysis of the deletion archives reveals that when the tag is used on a woman's biography it is done so outside of the community guidelines, referring to one's career stage rather than media/online coverage. We argue that awareness of hidden biases on Wikipedia is critical to the objective and equitable application of the notability criteria across race and gender both on the encyclopedia and beyond.
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Gredel, Eva. "Itis-Kombinatorik auf den Diskussionsseiten der Wikipedia: Ein Wortbildungsmuster zur diskursiven Normierung in der kollaborativen Wissenskonstruktion." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik 68, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 35–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2018-0003.
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AbstractThis paper presents a corpus study of talk pages on Wikipedia combining morphologic and discourse linguistics approaches. The study reveals that –itis is a highly productive suffix in meta(-linguistic) discourses of the online-encyclopaedia: Wikipedia authors using word formation products with the suffix –itis (e. g. Newstickeritis or WhatsAppitis) try to standardise the collaborative knowledge production with the help of these linguistic innovations. The corpus analysis delivers evidence for the fact that certain linguistic innovations and special types of word formation characterise the community of Wikipedia authors and their discourse traditions. Thereby, this paper contributes to the discussion about digital discourse analysis of natively digital data taking stock of the Wikipedia corpora in the German Reference Corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus). The peculiarities of Wikipedia's data will be explained, modes of analysis discussed and the challenges of the suggested integration of morphology and discourse linguistics will be explored.
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Protonotarios, Ioannis, Vasiliki Sarimpei, and Jahna Otterbacher. "Similar Gaps, Different Origins? Women Readers and Editors at Greek Wikipedia." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i2.14827.
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As a global, multilingual project, Wikipedia could serve as a repository for the world's knowledge on an astounding range of topics. However, questions of participation and diversity among editors continue to be burning issues. We present the first targeted study of participants at Greek Wikipedia, with the goal of better understanding their motivations. Smaller Wikipedias play a key role in fostering the project's global character, but typically receive little attention from researchers. We developed two survey instruments, administered in Greek, based on the 2011 Wikipedia Readership and Editors Surveys. Consistent with previous studies, we found a gender gap, with women making up only 38% and 15% of readers and editors, respectively, and with men editors being much more active. Our data suggest two salient explanations: 1) women readers more often lack confidence with respect to their knowledge and technical skills as compared to men, and 2) women's behaviors may be driven by personal motivations such as enjoyment and learning, rather than by "leaving their mark'' on the community, a concern more common among men. Interestingly, while similar proportions of men and women readers use multiple language editions, more women contribute to English Wikipedia in addition to the Greek language community. Future research should consider how this impacts their participation at Greek Wikipedia.
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Yazdanian, Ramtin, Leila Zia, Jonathan Morgan, Bahodir Mansurov, and Robert West. "Eliciting New Wikipedia Users’ Interests via Automatically Mined Questionnaires: For a Warm Welcome, Not a Cold Start." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 13 (July 6, 2019): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3251.
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Every day, thousands of users sign up as new Wikipedia contributors. Once joined, these users have to decide which articles to contribute to, which users to seek out and learn from or collaborate with, etc. Any such task is a hard and potentially frustrating one given the sheer size of Wikipedia. Supporting newcomers in their first steps by recommending articles they would enjoy editing or editors they would enjoy collaborating with is thus a promising route toward converting them into long-term contributors. Standard recommender systems, however, rely on users’ histories of previous interactions with the platform. As such, these systems cannot make high-quality recommendations to newcomers without any previous interactions—the so-called cold-start problem. The present paper addresses the cold-start problem on Wikipedia by developing a method for automatically building short questionnaires that, when completed by a newly registered Wikipedia user, can be used for a variety of purposes, including article recommendations that can help new editors get started. Our questionnaires are constructed based on the text of Wikipedia articles as well as the history of contributions by the already onboarded Wikipedia editors. We assess the quality of our questionnaire-based recommendations in an offline evaluation using historical data, as well as an online evaluation with hundreds of real Wikipedia newcomers, concluding that our method provides cohesive, human-readable questions that perform well against several baselines. By addressing the cold-start problem, this work can help with the sustainable growth and maintenance of Wikipedia’s diverse editor community.
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Gredel, Eva. "Wikipedaktik: Kollaborative Sachlexikografie als Lehr- und Lerngegenstand im Deutschunterricht." Lexicographica 34, no. 2018 (January 28, 2019): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2018-0004.
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AbstractThis paper introduces the research field of Wikipedactics with a focus on the relevance of Wikipedia’s lexicographic aspects for German lessons in higher education: The central issue is to describe one of the most successful digital platforms of the Social Web as a worthwhile teaching and learning subject. It explains Wikipedia’s hypertextual nature, its micro- and macro-structure and details scenarios of use in the classroom and the lecture hall. The paper demonstrates how pupils and students can develop digital skills and information competences when using Wikipedia. Furthermore, the didactic potential of digital tools such as Wikibu and WikiWatchdog enabling the reflected access of Wikipedia users to the online-encyclopaedic content is evaluated.
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Gredel, Eva. "Wikipedaktik: Kollaborative Sachlexikografie als Lehr- und Lerngegenstand im Deutschunterricht." Lexicographica 34, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2018-340104.
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AbstractThis paper introduces the research field of Wikipedactics with a focus on the relevance of Wikipedia’s lexicographic aspects for German lessons in higher education: The central issue is to describe one of the most successful digital platforms of the Social Web as a worthwhile teaching and learning subject. It explains Wikipedia’s hypertextual nature, its micro- and macro-structure and details scenarios of use in the classroom and the lecture hall. The paper demonstrates how pupils and students can develop digital skills and information competences when using Wikipedia. Furthermore, the didactic potential of digital tools such as Wikibu and WikiWatchdog enabling the reflected access of Wikipedia users to the onlineencyclopaedic content is evaluated.
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Skolik, Sebastian. "Evolution of the Coordination of Activities Aimed at Building Knowledge in the Wikipedia Community." European Conference on Knowledge Management 23, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 1088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.23.2.569.
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The first decade of the 21st century spawned the intense development of online communities of practice. The largest knowledge-sharing communities were formed in several dozen language versions of Wikipedia. Defining rules for cooperation was necessary to ensure the desired content quality created by Wikipedians. It was essential to develop the appropriate initiatives, tools, and space for effective activity coordination within the service. Previous research in this area pointed to the role of leadership, group size, and tools facilitating work automation in creating actionable strategies and in the self-organization of work.
This paper aims to characterize the variability in creating new concepts of cooperation in selected language versions of Wikipedia and identify the factors of participating in various forms of cooperation. The author assumes that the greater number of initiatives a user enters contributes to an increase in their overall activity.
The research conducted was both qualitative and quantitative. A netnographic approach was used, as well as a statistical analysis of user activity records. Thanks to the netnographic research, the stages of Wikipedia’s evolution were identified. Quantitative research has shown a correlation between the number of activity areas (a user’s affiliation to WikiProjects) and their overall activity (the number of edits made). A change in Wikipedians’ activity style was also observed depending on their seniority on the website. The study’s conclusions may be helpful for organizations using crowdsourcing to achieve their own goals.
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Pestana, Filomena, and Teresa Cardoso. "Wikipedia in University Program: What Does the Metaanalysis of the Courses’ Page Tells Us?" EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2020-rw-0039.
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Wikipedia is an unavoidable resource when we do a web search with the aim of obtaining information. Its content is built from a bottom-up perspective and for this reason it is not always accepted in academia. However, this is not the view of the Wikimedia Foundation. Thus, under the motto “Wikipedia belongs to education”, the Wikimedia Foundation has partnered with educational institutions through the Wikipedia Education Program, which includes the Wikipedia in University Program. Within this scenario, it was considered important to do the meta-analysis of the page related to the courses offered in the context of this program with regard to the Wikipedian Portuguese speaking community. For this purpose, methodologically, we followed the MAECC®, the Meta-model to Analyse and Explore Scientific Knowledge®. Our corpus includes 22 Higher Education institutions, 21 of which are Brazilian and 1 Portuguese – Universidade Aberta (Open University Portugal). In this text, we will present the meta-analysis grid created to meet the research aims, identifying the data obtained in all the 5 macro categories of the MAECC® model. In general, the meta-analysed courses are diverse and refer to dynamic practices and valid work strategies.
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Blakesley, Jacob. "World Literature According to Wikipedia Popularity and Book Translations: The Case of Modern Italian Poets." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2020): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0373.
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Most studies of world literature ignore statistics about the translation, circulation and reception of literary works, since no way exists to find such information on a global scale. Because of this, Western scholars generally assume that certain figures are canonical everywhere in the world, such as Shakespeare and Dante. This paper proposes a new and different approach to the study of literary canonicity, by drawing on an almost completely untapped dataset (the 310 global Wikipedias) and comparing Wikipedia popularity and newly collected data on book translations. By examining diverse measures of global popularity of a corpus of 101 modern Italian poets, I aim both to integrate a new resource (Wikipedia) into the study of world literature as well as to newly problematize the very concept of world literature. I will show how shifting one's criterion of canonicity – whether the number of translations or the number of Wikipedia pageviews of an author – affects our understanding of what makes an author canonical or not. In the end, I argue, we have not yet developed a subtle enough way to determine the canonicity of authors. But this dual strategy of comparing translations and Wikipedia popularity does show us a potential way forward.
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Minguillón, Julià, Julio Meneses, Eduard Aibar, Núria Ferran-Ferrer, and Sergi Fàbregues. "Exploring the gender gap in the Spanish Wikipedia: Differences in engagement and editing practices." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): e0246702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246702.
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Wikipedia’s significant gender bias is widely acknowledged. In this paper we analyze the Spanish Wikipedia with the aim of estimating the percentage of women editors and measuring their engagement and editing practices with respect to their men counterparts. To identify the gender of Wikipedia registered users, we analyzed both the information contained in their user profile and the information provided by users about themselves on their personal user pages. Using our own coding procedure, it is possible to identify a greater number of women than by relying only on the gender reported in their user profile. Combining both methods, our results show that the percentage of women is small, a meagre 11.6% of all analyzed editors, though there is still a significant percentage of users whose gender cannot be determined by either method. Men outnumber women in all Wikipedia namespaces in a ratio that is always equal to or greater than 3:1. This fact can be partially explained by the lesser persistence of women editors, who tend to leave Wikipedia much more quickly. There is, however, a small group of veteran women editors who, in some cases, surpass men editors in terms of their editing practices and participation in different Wikipedia namespaces.
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Signore, Angelo, Francesco Serio, and Pietro Santamaria. "Wikipedia As a Tool for Disseminating Knowledge of (Agro)Biodiversity." HortTechnology 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.1.118.
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The dissemination of knowledge about (agro)biodiversity is a strategic factor in communicating the urgent need to defend and protect biological diversity. Although this can be carried out with various media, in recent years social media (or “Web 2.0”) have begun to assume a prominent role. Of the Web 2.0 services, Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation, San Francisco, CA) is one of the most powerful and interesting tools, for several reasons, being collaborative by nature, free of charge, multilingual, and accessible online; in addition, anyone can update the materials therein. Within the framework of the regional project “Rural Development Programme 2007-2013,” our research group, responsible of the collection of historical information and morphological characterization of several vegetable crops considered to be at risk of genetic erosion, proposed the use of Wikipedia as a dissemination tool. The objective of this study was to show how to add/modify articles in Wikipedia for online divulgation and to demonstrate its validity by analyzing some data (pageviews, editing history, and the impact of Wikipedia as a referral toward the project’s institutional website) related to the Wikipedia articles that were added/modified. The article about the landrace variety Carota di Polignano carrot (Daucus carota), created from scratch, received more than 15,000 pageviews in less than 2 years. Referrals from Wikipedia increased the visits to the institutional website by 30%, whereas the bounce rate decreased by 15%. Wikipedia may be a good tool to improve the dissemination of knowledge about (agro)biodiversity either online or offline, and the addition in Wikipedia’s pages of scientific journal references and of links to projects’ website may strengthen the diffusion of scientific knowledge.
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McDowell, Zachary J., and Matthew A. Vetter. "It Takes a Village to Combat a Fake News Army: Wikipedia’s Community and Policies for Information Literacy." Social Media + Society 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 205630512093730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120937309.
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The fake news crisis points to a complex set of circumstances in which new media ecologies struggle to address challenges related to authenticity, rhetorical manipulation and disinformation, and the inability of traditional educational models to adequately teach toward critical information literacy. While social media sites such as Facebook acknowledge the culpability of their platforms in spreading fake news, and create new strategies for addressing this problem, such measures are woefully inadequate. Wikipedia, nearing its 20th year, however, has developed numerous practices and policies to ensure information validity and verifiability. This article explores the connection between participation in the Wikipedia community, the development of critical information literacies, and the ability to navigate the current new media landscape. Analysis and review of Wikipedia’s community policies and the procedures resulting from these policies demonstrate the encyclopedia’s unique capacity to protect against problematic information. We ultimately argue that Wikipedia has become and remains one of the few places on the internet dedicated to combating fake news, and make recommendations on how to leverage Wikipedia practices and policies for information validation outside of the encyclopedia.
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Piccardi, Tiziano, Martin Gerlach, and Robert West. "Curious Rhythms: Temporal Regularities of Wikipedia Consumption." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 18 (May 28, 2024): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31386.
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Wikipedia, in its role as the world's largest encyclopedia, serves a broad range of information needs. Although previous studies have noted that Wikipedia users' information needs vary throughout the day, there is to date no large-scale, quantitative study of the underlying dynamics. The present paper fills this gap by investigating temporal regularities in daily consumption patterns in a large-scale analysis of billions of timezone-corrected page requests mined from English Wikipedia's server logs, with the goal of investigating how context and time relate to the kind of information consumed. First, we show that even after removing the global pattern of day-night alternation, the consumption habits of individual articles maintain strong diurnal regularities. Then, we characterize the prototypical shapes of consumption patterns, finding a particularly strong distinction between articles preferred during the evening/night and articles preferred during working hours. Finally, we investigate topical and contextual correlates of Wikipedia articles' access rhythms, finding that article topic, reader country, and access device (mobile vs. desktop) are all important predictors of daily attention patterns. These findings shed new light on how humans seek information on the Web by focusing on Wikipedia as one of the largest open platforms for knowledge and learning, emphasizing Wikipedia's role as a rich knowledge base that fulfills information needs spread throughout the day, with implications for understanding information seeking across the globe and for designing appropriate information systems.
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Lukoševičienė, Aurelija. "On Author, Copyright and Originality: Does the Unified EU Originality Standard Correspond to the Digital Reality in Wikipedia?" Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2017-2-2.
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This article is contributing to the future of copyright law debate by exploring the recently harmonised originality standard in the EU copyright law and its suitability to a creative sharing community of Wikipedia. It shows that the “free creative choices” and “author’s personal” touch criteria established by the CJEU might be unsuitable not only because of practical concerns, but also because the understanding of “author” they are based on does not match the understanding possessed by Wikipedia community. The concepts of author (or rather author and Wikipedian) are compared through three key elements: author’s relationship with work, author’s relationship with others and presumptions about author’s personality and creative process.
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Kim, Jinyoung. "Wikipedians from Mars: Female students' perceptions toward wikipedia." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.14505001129.
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Guldbrandsson, Lennart. "Wikipedia." Culture Unbound 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146633.
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Above my desk is a quote by Albert Einstein: “Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” One of Einstein’s problems, of course, was that since he was a pioneer, there were not many who could give him the correct answers.
Wikipedia is in some ways in the same position. It is presently the 6th most visited website in the world (Alexa 2014), it is the only donor-supported website in the top 50 list, and Mozilla is the only other non-profit in the top 25 list (Gardner 2013). Few other very large websites use only copyright-free material, written and maintained by anyone, with a decision system that has been described as consensus-driven. Even the five-year strategic plan for the Wikimedia Foundation was crowd-sourced (Wikimedia 2011b).
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König, René. "WIKIPEDIA." Information, Communication & Society 16, no. 2 (March 2013): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2012.734319.
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Firer-Blaess, Sylvain, and Christian Fuchs. "Wikipedia." Television & New Media 15, no. 2 (September 12, 2012): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476412450193.
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Kuznetsov, Stacey. "Wikipedia." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 36, no. 2 (June 2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1215942.1215944.
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