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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wild animals and beasts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Cochrane, Peter. "The Wild Beasts." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5917.

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The Wild Beasts springs from my desire to thank my ever-expanding queer chosen family and mentors for their strength. Working through the often violent and othering aspects of the lens and photographic histories I create floral portraits responding to each person’s being and our relationship. Using the 19th century, 8x10 large format view camera—the same used by colonialists and ethnographers to “capture” the divinity of Nature—I erect each as a traditional still life studio setup at the threshold between the natural world and that constructed by humans. These environments speak both to the character of each friend and also to the use of Nature against queer people in most legal systems across the planet. We are deemed unnatural and made criminals through inequitable semantics. The 8x10 negative becomes a portrait, a darkroom contact print that is gifted to each of The Wild Beasts, an intimate artifact of my gratitude. At these borders I lash at the histories of oppression, remaking these lineages and tools into spaces for empathy, tenderness, and love.
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2

Pluskowski, Aleksander Grzegorz. "Beasts in the woods : medieval responses to the threatening wild." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433034.

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3

Hawtree, Laura Joy. "Wild animals in Roman epic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3469.

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Roman epic authors extended, reinvented and created new wild animal representations that stood apart from traditional Greek epic renderings. The treatment of wild animals in seven Roman epics (Virgil’s Aeneid, Lucan’s Civil War, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Statius’ Thebaid and Achilleid, Valerius’ Argonautica and Silius’ Punica) forms the basis of this thesis, but the extensive study of other relevant works such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey and Apollonius’ Argonautica allows greater insight into traditional Greek renderings and throws Roman developments into starker contrast. Initial stages of research involved collection and detailed examination of almost 900 epic references to wild animals. The findings from this preliminary research were analysed in the context of Pliny’s Natural History, Aristotle’s Historia Animalium, and other ancient works that reveal the Greeks’ and Romans’ views of wild animals. The accumulation of such a range of evidence made it possible for patterns of development to become evident. This thesis focuses on the epic representation of animals and considers a number of questions: 1) How Roman epic authors represented animals’ emotions and employed creatures’ thought processes. 2) How Roman epic authors examined the difference between wild and tame animals and manipulated the differences and similarities between humans and animals and culture and nature. 3) How wild animals were aligned with scientific and cultural beliefs that were particular to Roman society. 4) How animals were employed to signify foreign countries and how some epic animals came to be symbolic of nations. 5) How Roman epic authors represented particular aspects of animal behaviours with fresh insight, sometimes ignoring traditional representations and historiographic sources.
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4

Alcorn, Haili A. "Beauty and the Beasts: Making Places with Literary Animals of Florida." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7462.

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Place theory examines the relationship between human identity and physical locations, asking how meaningful attachments are formed between people and the spots they visit or in which they live. Literature of place exhibits this relationship and the myriad ways humans connect to their environment through storytelling, both fictional and nonfictional. Florida literature, an emerging and dynamic genre, features characters, cultures, and histories heavily embedded in place. Florida’s places also abound with animal presences, and literature about Florida almost always illustrates significant human-animal interactions that drive plots and character development. Therefore, Florida literature invites consideration of how animals influence human attachment to the land in stories written by Florida authors. Scholarly attention has noted the important relationships formed by humans and animals in literature about Florida, but no extensive study incorporating place theory, ecocriticism, and close reading has been done on the literary representation of Florida animals or their contribution to the state’s diverse reputations. This dissertation brings together theories about place attachment, ecocriticism, and critical animal studies (CAS) to illustrate the roles of fictional and nonfictional animals in works by six Florida authors: William Bartram, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Elizabeth Bishop, Rachel Carson, and John Henry Fleming. These works contain prominent animal characters that illuminate four ways of seeing Florida: idyllic Florida, wild Florida, opportunistic Florida, and mysterious Florida. These identities build off historical views about Florida as place: explorers, tourists, and developers projected their hopes for advancement onto the state based on its reputation as an exotic paradise, wild hinterland, or untouched beacon for industry and agriculture. Literature helped to produce these ideas about Florida through travel writing, but Florida stories also critique opportunistic ideologies responsible for harming animals and the environment. Literature can also preserve Florida’s mysteries and myths, offering narratives about nature and animals that challenge notions of human superiority. Thus, literature enacts a dynamic engagement with the four faces of Florida I discuss. Florida animals are vital to the construction of these four identities. For example, Henry Bunk, the protagonist of Douglas’s Alligator Crossings, sees the Everglades as an idyllic alternative to the city for its many birds and fish. Rawlings depicts Cross Creek as a wild host to deadly snakes, predatory big cats, and ubiquitous insects. Bishop captures through poetry the ordinary activity of Florida fishing in such a way that invites us to question the harm inflicted on animals for the opportunity of recreation. Fleming’s stories suggest that exploration, industry, and science have mostly erased the mysteries of Florida’s natural world, but his enigmatic and monstrous animals, along with their ties to the land, offer hope for reviving a meaningful attachment to the land. This dissertation connects literary representations of animals to real forms of violence occurring in Florida today, including fishing, caged hunting, and animal captivity. The works examined herein can prompt readers to rethink their own relationships to place and to nonhuman nature. As a cultural force, literature holds the potential for effecting change in our world. Beginning with the local is one way of witnessing this potential for the dynamic interplay between literature and place.
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5

Sun, Pei. "The Effect of Early Rearing Experience on Adult Reproductive Behavior in Captive Giant Pandas and Spectacled Bears." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7618.

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The present study examined the relationship between early rearing experience and reproductive competence in captive adult giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and spectacled bears (Tremarctos ornatus). Life history information of 52 giant pandas and 34 spectacled bears were obtained from the International Studbook and by interviewing staff at institutions housing the subjects. The early rearing experience variables included duration of mother rearing, social access within 1-yr period following maternal separation, and birth origin. Correlation, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Contrary to findings from studies with other animals, the results generally suggest that early rearing experience is not related to adult reproductive success in giant pandas and spectacled bears. Alternative explanation and limitation of the study were discussed; suggestions were made for future study.
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6

Gusmão, Carolina Ramalho Rosado. "Wild animals clinical medicine and surgery - Botulism in gulls." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26153.

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This report was developed in the context of the Integrated Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine carried out by the author and was based in her curricular externship at two wildlife hospitals/rehabilitation centres, one located in Spain and the other in the United Kingdom. There are two main parts to this report. The first one includes a description of the activities performed by the author during the externship and data about the animals admitted at both centres. The second part includes a monograph about Botulism in Gulls and a case report of a Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) with botulism. Botulism is one of the most important diseases in wild birds worldwide. Outbreaks of this disease can have high mortality rates and a large impact on wildlife populations; Resumo: Clínica e Cirurgia de Animais Selvagens - Botulismo em Gaivotas Este relatório foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária e foi baseado no estágio curricular realizado pela autora em dois hospitais/centros de recuperação de animais selvagens, um localizado em Espanha e o outro no Reino Unido. Este relatório está dividido em duas partes principais. A primeira inclui uma descrição das atividades desenvolvidas pela autora durante o seu estágio e dados sobre os animais admitidos nos dois centros. A segunda parte inclui uma monografia sobre Botulismo em Gaivotas e um caso clínico de uma Gaivota-d ’asa-escura (Larus fuscus) com botulismo. O botulismo é uma das doenças mais importantes do mundo em aves selvagens. Surtos desta doença podem ter elevadas taxas de mortalidade e um grande impacto nas populações de animais selvagens.
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7

Garner, Joseph P. "The aetiology of stereotypy in caged animals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670219.

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8

Bowman, Reed. "Mate replacement in wild American kestrels." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63131.

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9

Boulton, Iain Cameron. "Environmental and experimental toxicology of fluoride in wild small animals." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306364.

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10

Tyler, Thomas R. J. "Ciferae : 101 wild animals : a bestiary for today in five fingers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418314.

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11

Ellis, Amanda R. "ACCOUNTING FOR MATCHING UNCERTAINTY IN PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION STUDIES OF WILD ANIMALS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/31.

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I consider statistical modelling of data gathered by photographic identification in mark-recapture studies and propose a new method that incorporates the inherent uncertainty of photographic identification in the estimation of abundance, survival and recruitment. A hierarchical model is proposed which accepts scores assigned to pairs of photographs by pattern recognition algorithms as data and allows for uncertainty in matching photographs based on these scores. The new models incorporate latent capture histories that are treated as unknown random variables informed by the data, contrasting past models having the capture histories being fixed. The methods properly account for uncertainty in the matching process and avoid the need for researchers to confirm matches visually, which may be a time consuming and error prone process. Through simulation and application to data obtained from a photographic identification study of whale sharks I show that the proposed method produces estimates that are similar to when the true matching nature of the photographic pairs is known. I then extend the method to incorporate auxiliary information to predetermine matches and non-matches between pairs of photographs in order to reduce computation time when fitting the model. Additionally, methods previously applied to record linkage problems in survey statistics are borrowed to predetermine matches and non-matches based on scores that are deemed extreme. I fit the new models in the Bayesian paradigm via Markov Chain Monte Carlo and custom code that is available by request.
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12

Peterson, Christie Anne. ""The Level of the Beasts That Perish" : animalized text in Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna's Helen Fleetwood /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3440.pdf.

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13

Pariser, Emma C. "Wild at heart? : differential maternal investment in wild and domesticated zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/884.

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14

Allard, Stephanie M. "The effect of enrichment structures on the behavior of captive western lowland gorillas (gorill g. gorilla) and public perception." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/36539.

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15

McFarland, Sarah Elizabeth. "Engendering the wild : the construction of animals in twentieth century nature writing /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181112.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-179). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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16

Björnegran, Amalia. "Challenges and Possibilities for Accommodating Wild Animals in the Realm of Justice." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324311.

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Abstract: This research seeks to investigate the possibilities and inadequacies of including wild animals within the justice realm. It bases this research on the reasons and rationales of representatives within environmental non- governmental organizations (ENGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and public agency working with animal- rights and welfare or environmental protection. These representatives reason from a personal and organizational perspective concerning justice, ethics and morals to wild animals. Environmental Justice (EJ) and Ecological Justice (EcJ) serves as the main theories for this research where EJ is often perceived as anthropocentric and EcJ as a non- anthropocentric amelioration of the former. The results indicate that Animal Rights (AR) and World Animal Protection (WAP) think more of animals in terms of individualism, whilst World Wide Foundation (WWF), Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) think in terms of consideration for species and ecosystems holistically. Some respondents perceived justice exclusively as a human term, however with regard to altered paths of reasoning later in the interview as most respondents continuously struggled, to various degrees, to make sense of justice in relation to wild animals. There were occasional uncertainties concerning ethics and morals, however less alien than the justice term and more relevant in relation to other NGOs, i.e. animal- rights and welfare organizations and less outspoken, though not entirely dismissed, within ENGOs and public agency. However, although some respondents occasionally argued that they do not reflect on ethics, morals and justice, these interviews are testament that they do, but with other terms and concepts that could be argued to be synonymous to ethics, morals and justice and perhaps used consciously and/or unconsciously at work. In other words, one can say that a different kind of rhetoric was applied i.e. justice in form of rights, respect. Another finding of the research was a structuration concern: specifically, on whether morals and ethics are reflected in law, or whether the law becomes what constitutes our morals and ethics, given as a majority of the respondents often refer to laws as general guidelines. In other words, does the law reflect reality, or does the law constitute reality? What is the dialectic here? In conclusion, wild animals might never receive full justice, where the researcher analyses it as a sequence of animals not holding moral capacities enough to be moral agents, though with the exception of having rights. As shown in the results, some wild animals can already be said to receive justice, e.g. wild animals as state property and hunting legislation, whilst other wild animals are excluded altogether, e.g. wild animals not being considered in welfare law. In this way, many future challenges include expanding the legal stance of wild animals. Human precedence barricades the opportunities for extending justice which are shown in this study and can be said to link to relational-, aesthetical-, contextual factors and deep cultural values and associations, aspects which overshadow human flourishing, wild animals not having a counterpart, animals as objects and so forth. Though, by giving e.g. wild animals a heightened status in legislation, extending the moral circle to include wild animals the utility of justice may prove helpful in furthering the rights and welfare of animals. Additionally, properties as recognition through, e.g. agency and capabilities could also guide us in giving justice to the natural world, as highlighted by Schlosberg (2007), but also the idea of intrinsic value as highlighted by many respondents. Future research may consider the holistic and individualistic tendencies held within ENGOs, NGOs and public agency to see how it could be mutually considered to a larger extent. As highlighted by one of the respondents, perhaps laws and legislation are not enough and that one could investigate more in how one perceive animals culturally, in other words human dimensions socially and culturally.
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17

Robertson, Peter Charles John. "Movement behaviour of wild and rehabilitated juvenile foxes (Vulpes vulpes)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238942.

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18

Jacevičienė, Ingrida. "Epidemiology, diagnostics and immunoprophylaxis of rabies in wild and domestic animals in Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121211_095603-81838.

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Rabies is one of the oldest and most dangerous human and animal diseases. This is a disease that is transmitted directly from animal to animal and from an animal to a human being. People usually contract this disease from stray domestic animals therefore a realistic threat is posed to everyone to become infected with the rabies virus (RV). The only and the most effective way of protecting oneself from rabies after an infected or unknown animal has bitten one, is immunoprophylaxis. Between 2003 and 2011, the epidemiological situation of rabies in Lithuania was assessed. The methods that were used to diagnose rabies are noted for specificity and sensitivity. It has been proved that applying simultaneously the direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and rabies tissue culture infections test (RTCIT) methods it was possible to ensure a fast and effective determination of RV in the samples of wild and domestic animals under investigation thereby ensuring confirmation of the diagnosis of being infected with RV. During the wild fauna oral rabies vaccination (ORV) period between 2007 and 2011, the philogenetic analysis of RV isolates of domestic and wild animals in the sphere of N gene by means of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out for the first time. In 2006-2011, the assessment of the efficacy of ORV in raccoon dogs and red foxes by means of the quantitative the Enzyme-linked immunoassay test (ELISA) research method... [to full text]
Pasiutligė – viena iš seniausių ir pavojingiausių žmonių ir gyvūnų ligų. Šia liga užsikrečiama kai pasiutlige sergantis gyvūnas įkanda žmogui ar kitam gyvūnui, ar apseilėja sužalotą odą. Žmonės dažniausiai užsikrečia nuo valkataujančių naminių gyvūnų, todėl išlieka visiems reali užsikrėtimo pasiutligės virusu grėsmė. Vienintelis ir efektyviausias apsisaugojimo būdas nuo pasiutligės yra imunoprofilaktika. Šiame darbe ištirtas pasiutligės viruso paplitimas 2003-2011 metų laikotarpiu ir nustatyta laukinių ir naminių gyvūnų pasiutligės epidemiologinė situacija Lietuvoje. Atliekant 2007–2011 metų pasiutligės geografinio paplitimo analizę buvo nustatyta, kad nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu didžiausias tiek laukinių, tiek naminių gyvūnų infekuotumas buvo nustatytas Lietuvos Rytinėje ir Pietrytinėje dalyje. Naudoti pasiutligės diagnostikos metodai pasižymi speciškumu ir jautrumu. Įrodyta, kad kartu taikant tiesioginį fluorescuojančių antikūnų ir audinių kultūrų infekavimo pasiutligės virusu metodus, galima užtikrinti greitą ir efektyvų pasiutligės viruso nustatymą laukinių ir naminių gyvūnų tiriamuosiuose galvos smegenų mėginiuose, tuo užtikrinant diagnozės patvirtinimą dėl užsikrėtimo pasiutligės virusu. Laukinių gyvūnų oralinės vakcinacijos nuo pasiutligės (ORV) periodu 2007-2011 metais atlikta naminių ir laukinių gyvūnų pasiutligės viruso izoliatų filogenetinė analizė N geno srityje atvirkštinės transkripcijos polimerazės grandininės reakcijos (AT-PGR) metodu. Pirmą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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19

Kochera, Stephanie S. "Private ownership of wild animals including endangered species conflict on the urban fringe." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1029184666.

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20

Lundberg, Rebecca. "Persistent organic pollutants and bone tissue : studies in wild and in experimental animals /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-410-5/.

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21

Lukashkina, Victoria Alekseevna. "Synchronisation and efficiency of cochlear feedback : evidence from wild type and transgenic animals." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390929.

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22

Townsend, Simon W. "Intra-sexual competition and vocal counter-strategies in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/774.

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23

McCusker, Sarah. "Effects of three practical diets on feeding behavior, nutritional status, rumen health, and growth of captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/s_mccusker_110209.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 21, 2010). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
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24

Kalafut, Kathryn Lynn Rosales-Ruiz Jesús. "The captive animal activity tracking system a systematic method for the continuous evaluation of captive animal welfare /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12137.

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25

O'Ryan, Colleen. "The biochemical analysis of southern African rhinoceros populations." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27118.

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The drastic decline in the numbers of the five extant species of rhinoceroses world-wide, mainly as a result of poaching, have placed these species in imminent danger of extinction. This emphasizes the need to understand the relationships among the different species of rhinoceros. The advances in molecular biology have allowed the application of DNA-based genetic techniques to address a number of aspects of rhinoceros biology which have both academic interest and practical value to conservation management. There are four aspects to this study: Firstly, restriction endonuclease maps of mitochondrial DNA were constructed to estimate the time of divergence of Diceros bicornis (black rhinoceros) and Ceratotherium simum (white rhinoceros) from their common ancestor. Secondly, a population genetic study of the relationships among four subspecies of D. bicornis. Thirdly, the application of DNA fingerprinting to examine the intra- and inter-population relatedness in D. bicornis populations. Fourthly, a practical application of PCR to identify the origin of an unknown sample of DNA.
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26

Bashaw, Meredith J. "Social behavior and communication in a herd of captive giraffe." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180020/unrestricted/bashaw%5Fmeredith%5Fj%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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27

Augustsson, Hanna. "Ethoexperimental studies of behaviour in wild and laboratory mice : risk assessment, emotional reactivity and animal welfare /." Uppsala : Dept. of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/v174.pdf.

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28

Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik. "Parasites of some free-living wild animals and freshwater fish species in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12032009-194518/.

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29

Joys, Joanne Carol. "The Wild Things." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1291994738.

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30

McGreevy, Thomas Joseph. "Conservation genetics of Association of Zoos and Aquariums and wild Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus Matschiei) from Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3368001.

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31

Spittler, Janet E. "Animals in the apocryphal acts of the Apostles the wild kingdom of early Christian literature." Tübingen Mohr Siebeck, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990292886/04.

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32

Walter, Michelle, and n/a. "The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.

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In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over 150 years ago. Paradoxically, they are a feral animal impacting on the environment, but are also a cultural icon. Managing wild horse populations is contentious and needs to be founded on knowledge of their population ecology. This is the first study of its kind in the Australian Alps and therefore has a broad focus. Four general areas were addressed: distribution, estimation of abundance and density, population dynamics and the influence of brumby-running. The study was conducted between 1999 and 2002 inclusive in the Australian Alps national parks, which form a contiguous protected area in south-eastern Australia from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the north, through New South Wales (NSW) and into Victoria in the south. The current distribution of wild horses in the Australian Alps national parks is patchy. There are five major discrete populations in NSW and Victoria with the northern most population in Kosciuszko National Park (NSW) bordering on the ACT. A review of published material and oral history reveals historic influences on distribution. The presence of each population is associated with introductions by people. The distribution of some populations expanded after introductions and many have fluctuated over time. Distributions have been contained or reduced through control by people, natural events such as snow and drought and by geographical barriers. Park managers eliminated a population of wild horses in the ACT in the 1980s. Distributions have expanded in areas without active management (notably northern Kosciuszko National Park) and are likely to continue expanding under a policy of no management. In February and March 2001, abundance and density of wild horses were estimated by helicopter aerial survey in areas where the mapping showed horses to occur. This was the first time that these parameters have been estimated empirically. I compared three different aerial survey techniques (strip, mark-recapture and line transect) based on relative accuracy and precision and found that line transect analysis gave the highest, most precise estimate. Given that aerial surveys usually underestimate abundance, this method was also likely to be the most accurate. Mark-recapture over a 50m wide strip gave a similar result but lacked precision. Strip and mark-recapture techniques performed poorly over 200m strips because animals were missed. Numbers observed dropped off dramatically beyond the 50m strip. Line transect analysis (for both observers combined) gave an estimate of 5010 (+/- 1408SE) horses while mark recapture over 50 metres gave an estimate of 4915 (+/-2733SE). These estimates correspond to a density of 1.8 horses km-2 over the area surveyed (2789km2). The results suggest that aerial surveys of large mammals using a wide strip width (200m) and mark recapture analysis may seriously underestimate population density. The population dynamics and demography of wild horses were estimated at three sites, Big Boggy, Cowombat and Currango, every spring and autumn over 3 years. The sites were spread widely across the Alps with the aim of obtaining a broad understanding of population dynamics. The survey used Pollock�s robust design and natural markings were used to identify individuals. There was a seasonal spring peak in population size at Big Boggy with no clear seasonal trend at the other two sites. Mean wild horse densities determined at Big Boggy (2.01km-2) and Currango (2.13km-2) were not significantly (p<0.5) different to the density calculated in the aerial survey, whereas density was significantly higher at Cowombat (6.4 km-2). Census techniques were of limited use in estimating annual population growth rate because of low precision. Demographic analysis showed that none of the populations were increasing at the maximum intrinsic rate (l = 1.2), and the Big Boggy and Cowombat populations may be stable (l = 1.0/yr). There was an apparent trend of food limitation across the sites. Body condition was positively related (p<0.01) to pasture biomass. The Currango population was increasing (l = 0.09) associated with higher recruitment, body condition and pasture biomass than in the other two populations studied. The Cowombat population had the lowest annual finite rate of increase (l = 1.03), and horses at this site were in the poorest condition and pasture biomass was lowest. The Big Boggy population was intermediate between the two. Annual adult survival was constant in all populations at 0.91. Survival in the first three years of life was more variable with the average at each site ranging from 0.63/yr to 0.76/yr. An average of 0.26 female foals was born per adult female per year. Sensitivity analysis showed that population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival, followed by fecundity and then survival in the first three years of life. The dynamics observed at each site was representative of the demography of wild horses in other parts of the world and is typical for large mammalian herbivores. Brumby-running is a form of harvesting that is currently being used to control wild horses in the Alpine National Park (Victoria) and is soon to be trialled in Kosciuszko National Park (NSW). The effectiveness of brumby-running has not been assessed prior to this study. Data collected by the Alpine Brumby Management Association and predictive modelling were used to examine the influence of brumby-running on the wild horse population in Alpine National Park. Brumby-runners remove about 200 horses per year with a preference for young animals and adult females. More horses are caught in autumn (61/yr) and least in summer (30/yr) (p<0.05). Brumby-runners do not appear (p>0.05) to target horses in poor condition. One skilled brumby-runner caught an average of 1.16 horses/day, while his companions caught an average of 0.55 horses/day. Brumby-runners show behaviour analogous to social carnivores. Predictive modelling suggests that brumby-runners could suppress the population of wild horses in Alpine National Park similar to the effects of predators, or human harvesting of other large mammals. Selecting young animals in the harvest reduces the impact of harvesting on the population compared to unselective harvesting, while selecting adult females increases the predicted impact. There are several management recommendations based on the findings of this thesis that address concerns for both environmental impact and the cultural value of wild horses. The distribution of wild horses should not be allowed to expand further, and the size of the wild horse population should be prevented from increasing further. Other management recommendations that are more complex involve reducing some populations so that the level of environmental impact they are causing is acceptable. This requires a definition of �acceptable impact.� Finally managers should consider eradicating smaller populations.
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33

Contessa, Damien. "Unraveling the Wild| A Cultural Logic of Animal Stories in Contemporary Social Life." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10102259.

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This dissertation is about the stories people tell about animals when they don’t do what they are expected to do in contemporary social life. More specifically, it examines three case studies where “wild” animals unexpectedly challenge, transgress, or blur socially defined boundaries in public spaces. Drawing on cultural and interactionist studies of animals and environment, I explore popular animal stories written in news media, social media, and enacted in situ. Each qualitative case study illustrates a moment in time/space where the surprising movements or presence of wild animals causes the cultural categories of wildness/order to breakdown and destabilize. These “surface breaks” of social expectations provide an occasion to tell “animal stories”. Animal stories help people explain how the lives of animals can be allegorical strategies modern people use to communicate and enact moral lessons about the social world.

In the first chapter, I analyze news stories that emerged after Terry Thompson, an eccentric and estranged war veteran, released 54 exotic animals from his private 73-acre farm near Zanesville, Ohio. I suggest that when wild things challenge our taken-for-granted reality, people turn to mythical stories of fantasy to distract themselves from the more obvious social issues at hand. In the second chapter, I reconstruct the story of one feral Rhesus Macaque monkey whose adventure through Tampa Bay inspired extensive reporting in both social media and traditional news media. I suggest that the monkey’s story was akin to a mythical tale of American heroism. As an emblem of “good ol’ American Freedom”, his glorified feats of escape inspired a monkey loving populace to elevate his status to a celebrity-hero, with big government as the evil villain hunting him down. In this way, public debate surrounding the monkey’s life story beckons us to reflect on the role of liberty and repression in American discourse. Lastly, in the third chapter, I draw on ethnographic field notes to show how animals are understood and talked about by visitors in a Manatee Viewing Center in central Florida. I examine how animals challenge social expectations in everyday life situations, and how these breaches lead to situational storytelling and coordinated social activity. I suggest that animals can become messengers of a sacred nature, which is celebrated in the social performance of wildlife viewing.

In conclusion, I follow Levi-Strauss (1966) to argue that animals are “good to think with” because they provide people with an “animal mirror” to look at themselves (Haraway 2008). Furthermore, I indicate that hidden meanings in animal stories inform how people think, feel, and act towards animals in different social contexts, and are thereby reinforced through cultural, institutional, organizational, and personal practices. Animal stories have power because they are often translated into modes of activity and used to realize people’s hopes and fears. In other words, animal stories are alternative forms of wildlife management that act to segregate animals from particular social activities, and designate them to appropriate places in society. Findings from this dissertation are not limited to animals, and may be applied to various cultural logics and socially defined boundaries.

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Csermak, Junior Antonio Carlos. "Fauna silvestre brasileira em cativeiro: criação legalizada, distribuição geográfica e políticas públicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5833.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 963021 bytes, checksum: 8a96a6bbb2cfe146519a1186ac062c91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-15
The Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) recognize as legal activities the following purposes: Commercial, Scientific, Conservationist and Amateur. From those activities, only the amateur one will not be discussed in this study. In chapter one a geographic survey of the activity on national territory is made. The data used were supplied by the IBAMA, from the records performed between the years of 1976 and 2001. As a parameter, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was used to characterize the socioeconomic profile of the distribution of breeding sites. For this analysis, data supplied by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistical) was used. Most wild fauna breeding sites, recorded at the IBAMA until 2001, showed significant percentage of the distribution associated with municipalities in which the service sector was predominant in the composition of GDP. It was also observed a higher concentration, of wild fauna breeding sites, on big and developed geographic regions of the country South and Southeast. The second chapter brings a revision of the Brazilians lawful diplomas related to the wild fauna. We looked forward, whenever was possible, to the official texts in chronologic sequence, for offer a vision of the evolution of these lawful devices. A relation of cause and consequence, between public politics intended to regulation of different categories of breeding sites and proliferation of these. In these considerations, not only the public politics were studied, the political framework as well as peculiarities of the different creations were sought to explain the founded behavior. However, according to the Brazilian social setting, there are questions about the execution capability of these.
O Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) reconhece como legal as seguintes finalidades de criação: comercial, científica, conservacionista e amadorista esta última para passeriformes. Das categorias citadas, as três primeiras serão abordadas neste estudo, com o intuito de caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico da distribuição dos criadouros. Abordou-se a distribuição geográfica da atividade em associação com o PIB no território nacional. Para isto utilizou-se dados disponibilizados pelo IBAMA, referentes aos registros de criadouros efetuados entre os anos de 1976 e 2001, e a composição do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal a partir de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A maioria dos criadouros de fauna silvestre, registrados junto ao IBAMA até o ano de 2001, estavam em municípios nos quais o setor de serviços foi predominante na composição do PIB. Observou-se também uma maior concentração dos criadouros nas grandes regiões geográficas mais desenvolvidas do país Sul e Sudeste. O segundo capítulo traz uma revisão dos diplomas legais brasileiros relativos à fauna silvestre. Buscou-se dispor, sempre que possível, os textos oficiais em seqüência cronológica, para assim oferecer uma visão da evolução destes dispositivos legais. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre as políticas públicas destinadas à regulamentação das diferentes categorias dos criadouros e a proliferação destes. O cenário político, bem como peculiaridades das diferentes criações foram buscadas para explicar o comportamento encontrado. De modo geral, foram encontradas respostas positivas para estas políticas, porém questionando-se a exeqüibilidade destas.
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Schmalz-Peixoto, Karin E. von. "Factors affecting breeding in captive Carnivora." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64687fe3-f6ca-4d9b-90d8-b6f1e565711a.

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Captive carnivores pose a challenge for conservationists and institutions alike, presenting many problems that range from diseases to poor welfare and unsuccessful breeding. Available databases of captive populations are rich sources of information that can help determine which factors can affect breeding success and the real potential of these populations in conservation programmes. Some species, such as tigers Panthera tigris, seem to preserve in captivity the same reproductive parameters seen in wild animals, making captive individuals extremely useful in the research of reproductive biology, that can be applied in evolutionary and physiological studies of the order Carnivora. Specific reproductive characteristics, mainly connected with the altriciality of the young, can make some species more prone to lose young in captivity than others, and these factors must be taken into consideration when developing ex situ conservation programmes. Infant mortality in captivity seems to be primarily caused by inadequate maternal behaviour, which can be connected to biological factors as well as to individual characteristics such as origin and rearing methods. Maternal infanticide, either passive or active, is also affected by biological and ecological characteristics of the species, and there may be an effect of the origin of the females, i.e. if they were wildcaught or captive-born. Housing conditions and individual history affect infant mortality, with females that suffered transfer between institutions exhibiting lower breeding success. Also, institutions with thriving research programmes presented higher infant mortality overall, independently of their latitude or management system, which can indicate an effect of human interference. Further research, both in the wild and in captivity, is needed to fully understand the factors affecting breeding success of captive carnivores.
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McCurry, Elizabeth Mae. "Studying the effects of a 'captive breeding program' on additive genetic variance using Drosophila melanogaster relocation to a novel environment /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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37

Oberski, Iddo M. "Dynamics of grooming and grooming reciprocation in a group of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3463.

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Grooming relationships between adult male chimpanzees are often reciprocal, i.e. individuals receive grooming from those they groom. Grooming may be reciprocated at the same time it is received (mutual grooming), or later within the same grooming session. Alternatively, it can be reciprocated at a much later stage, in another session. An analysis of individual grooming sessions at the dyadic level was used to investigate how chimpanzees reciprocate grooming within these sessions. This study describes the grooming and reciprocation of grooming by male chimpanzees, living in a multi-male, multi-female group at the Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland. A method for the analysis of dyadic grooming relationships was based on the presence or absence of mutual and unilateral grooming in a session, which allows seven types of grooming session to be distinguished. Grooming session was defined empirically, and the duration of the bout criterion interval (BCl) depended on the presence or absence of oestrous females. For comparison, however, the same BCI was used throughout. Without oestrous females, grooming was primarily reciprocated in sessions with mutual grooming and unilateral grooming by both participants. This kind of session proved highly cooperative and each male adjusted the duration of his unilateral grooming to that of mutual grooming, rather than to the duration of unilateral grooming by the other male. Mutual grooming was less important to dyads which had a strong grooming relationship. It is suggested that mutual grooming serves as an indication of the motivation to groom unilaterally. There was no indication that males reciprocated on the basis of TIT-FOR-TAT within these sessions, or between sessions in general. Alternative hypotheses of mutual grooming were only partly confirmed in that some dyads used mutual grooming to reduce the (already very short) time they spent in grooming. However, mutual grooming did not arise from the accidental overlap in the grooming of two partners. In the presence of oestrous females, grooming cooperation between the males broke down, and this was the result of heightened aggression as well as the presence of oestrous females itself. The balance in grooming given and received shifted in the direction of dominants (i.e. dominants received more) under the influence of oestrous females, but in the opposite direction under the influence of aggression. Feeding had no effect on the reciprocity of groormng. There was considerable dyadic variation. Some dyads groomed more when there were oestrous females, others groomed less. Some dyads had proportionally less mutual grooming with increasing numbers of oestrous females, others had more. There were generally no clear patterns of grooming reciprocation over longer time-spans than the session, but the overall degree of reciprocity of a dyad was frequently reached at the end of each day. Tracing the degree of reciprocation over a few weeks indicated that some dyads' grooming was governed by dominance, whereas that of others by cooperation.
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38

Harris, Kerry. "The social role of hunting and wild animals in late Bronze Age Crete : a social zooarchaeological analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374395/.

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This thesis investigates the social role of hunting and wild animals in Late Bronze Age west Crete, particularly in Chania. The areas addressed are: the nature of human interaction with wild animals (red and fallow deer and agrimia) in Late Bronze Age Crete, including how might concepts of ‘wild’ and ‘domestic’ have been perceived and enacted; the evidence for the ‘social’ role played by wild animals in Late Bronze Age Crete; and the role human-(‘wild’)animal engagement played in the social and political transformations that were taking place in Late Bronze Age west Crete. These questions are investigated predominantly through primary zooarchaeological analysis, but also referring to other categories of data such as iconographic material. This analysis is situated within a broader body of theoretical approaches to understanding human-animal relationships and adopts, as far as possible, a non-anthropocentric approach. In order to investigate the data, a framework of analysis was devised to link the relationships with the living animal, with the dead animal, and with the animal bone remains, as an interconnected series of embodied events, termed here ‘a cycle of engagement’. It is concluded that interaction with wild animals was an important practice in Late Bronze Age Crete, however a ‘wild’ or ‘domestic’ status may, in cases, have been contextually defined. It is proposed that interaction with ‘wild’ animals would have been encounters of (mutually) heightened physical and sensory awareness, which would have contributed to a sense of relationship between hunter and hunted, and perhaps created contexts within which traditional boundaries might be transcended. It is suggested that consumption of these hunted animals in large-scale (multi-species) communal consumption events would have contributed to the development and maintenance of the west Cretan regional identity at the end of the Late Bronze Age.
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39

Humle, Tatyana. "Culture and variation in wild chimpanzee behaviour : a study of three communities in West Africa." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2082.

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The concept of culture has recently been used to explain behavioural variation and trans-generational continuity of behaviour in non-human animals and in chimpanzees in particular. However, few studies in the wild have systematically investigated how the environment and behavioural adaptation might influence behavioural diversity. In this context, one habituated community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea, and two neighbouring non-habituated communities in the Nimba Mountains region of Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire were the subject of a detailed study of behavioural variation at the intra- and inter-community level. An ecologically-based approach was adopted to investigate variation in nest building, in the use of the oil-palm tree (Elaeis guineensis), in ant-dipping and in tool-choice and -manufacturing. A significant influence of environmental variables on nesting parameters emerged explaining much of the variation observed between the three sites. However, some differences that arose are more likely to reflect differences in social structure and organisation. The comparative study of the utilisation of the oil-palm tree failed to reveal proximate environmental parameters that might explain significant observed variations in use. These findings raise interesting and important questions pertaining to diffusion of behaviour between neighbouring chimpanzee communities. Dipping for driver ants, Dorylus spp., is often cited as one of the best examples of culture in chimpanzees. A detailed analysis of this behaviour at Bossou suggests that risk exposure affects frequency of performance in the developing chimpanzee and reveals a strong influence of prey characteristics, including aggressiveness and/or gregariousness , on tool length and technique employed. Variations in tool-choice and tool-manufacturing within and between three tool-use behaviours at Bossoui nvolving the use of a stick or a stalk were found to be significantly associated with the nature of the task and its predictability, emphasising the importance of environmental affordance and constraints on these processes. In addition, efficiency in behaviour across another set of three tool-use behaviours was explored focusing chiefly on age-class differences. An analysis of individual and community-level patterns of laterality in hand-use between these three tool-use behaviours is also provided. The data supply some evidence to support the selective advantages of lateralization in hand-use with respect to behavioural efficiency. The findings also suggest that haptic tasks have played an important evolutionary role in driving population-level handedness, and reveal that although complex tool-uses exhibited high levels of lateralization, these failed to show task specialisation across individuals. Finally, this thesis presents a comprehensive review analysis of individual and community-wide variation across a range of behaviours observed in chimpanzees and identifies paths and hypotheses that warrant further exploration and testing with the aim to gain further insight into cultural processes in nonhuman animals.
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40

Wallensten, Anders. "Influenza A virus in wild birds." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7643.

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41

Hayes, Richard Andrew. "Semiochemicals and social signalling in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)) /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030424.112701/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, December, 2000. Includes bibliographical references.
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42

Davis, Eloiza Marie. "Changes in genetic architecture in a 'captive breeding program" of Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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43

Stoddart, Ruth (Ruth Ellen). "Activity and aggression in captive blue-winged teal (Anas discors)." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63293.

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44

Hannah, Alison Campbell. "Rehabilitation of captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12549.

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The behaviour of 48 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) was studied over 27 months in Liberia, West Africa. The chimpanzees were first studied while they were housed in groups in enclosures in a medical research institute, and then after their release onto a 9.7 ha offshore island. When the chimpanzees were observed in captivity, data on social behaviour were collected with the use of check sheets and ad libitum notes. Data were collected on aggression, social grooming, social play, sexual behaviour, and individual spacing. After release onto the island, data on both social and subsistence behaviour were collected with the use of ad libitum notes. Both changes in social behaviour and in the development of subsistence behaviour were observed following release of the chimpanzees onto the island. Rates of aggression decreased following release, whereas rates of social grooming increased. Rates of social play decreased overall, but this was due to a decrease in social play by adults. Stereotyped or abnormal behaviour shown by some subjects declined. Subsistence behaviours which were observed following release were foraging for naturally occurring foods (leaves, fruits, seeds, and nuts), ant-eating, and tool-use for nut-cracking. Some subjects were also seen building sleeping-nests in trees. The chimpanzees also split into subgroups (including consortships) which showed similar trends in size and composition to those observed in wild populations of chimpanzees. Some techniques found to be useful during the release process are discussed, and the study is compared to previous primate release projects.
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45

Kalafut, Kathryn Lynn. "The Captive Animal Activity Tracking System: A Systematic Method for the Continuous Evaluation of Captive Animal Welfare." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12137/.

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Optimal animal welfare has been a long-term goal for captive animal institutions. To measure welfare a definition and identification of elements that make up welfare need to be established. Further, a method to measure welfare's elements that can be implemented into staff's daily routine is necessary to establish baseline levels and track changes in welfare. The goal of the proposed captive animal activity tracking system is to allow for the measurement of each element of welfare quickly, while providing information regarding the animal's current state of welfare and how changes to the animal's environment affect welfare. The data show that this system is effective in revealing behavioral patterns and changes in behavior that occurred in response to environmental changes.
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46

Hedberg, Sofia. "Erratic Mothers and Wild Animals: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Online Newspapers' Representations of Female and Male Opioid Users." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21748.

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This thesis critically investigates how female and male opioid users are represented in local newspapers in Ohio, one of the states which has been most severely affected by the ongoing ‘opioid crisis’ in the United States. Through an analysis of 20 articles from the The Plain Dealer and The Columbus Dispatch, the study aims to highlight how women and men who use opioids are portrayed, and what ideologies are hidden in the texts. Guided by Fairclough’s framework for critical discourse analysis and van Dijk’s sociocognitive approach, the analysis was performed on three levels: text-level, whereby journalists’ word choices, contextualisation and linguistic emphasis were studied; discursive level, which focused on processes involved in the production and consumption of the news pieces, and; sociocultural level, which entailed analysing historical and current developments of drug policy locally and nationally. The study finds that journalists downplay the seriousness of (white) male opioid use by calling men by their nicknames, by portraying them as ‘mischievous’ and by using jokey undertones when referring to their drug use. Female opioid use is constructed as abnormal by use of words such as ‘erratic’ and ‘unruly’ and women are discursively penalised for failing in their roles as caregivers to children. This thesis exemplifies how language use by local journalists’ in Ohio reinforces societal perceptions of male and female opioid users, which may influence counteractive measures by authorities.
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47

Fahlman, Åsa. "Advances in wildlife immobilisation and anaesthesia : clinical and physiological evaluation in selected species /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200884.pdf.

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48

Ledoka, Mpho Victoria. "Molecular characterization of trypanosomes commonly found in cattle, wild animals and tsetse flies in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, 2005-2007." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26809.

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The objective of this study was to use molecular biological reagents (primers targeting different genomic loci) and methods (PCR and RFLP) to detect and characterize trypanosomes in cattle, wild animals and tsetse flies in KwaZulu-Natal, thus contributing to improved understanding of the genetic diversity of trypanosome species infecting cattle at the game/livestock interface in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Primers based on sequences of different loci in the trypanosome genome were used in conducting polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) on samples collected from cattle at 14 diptanks and one commercial farm around the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve, wild animals within Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve and tsetse flies from the commercial farm, Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve and two other Game Reserves. Trypanosome isolates were grown under laboratory conditions in cattle, rodents and culture medium for molecular characterizations. Overall, a total of 673 cattle, 266 tsetse flies, 141 buffaloes and 6 rhinoceros samples were analyzed. The following observations were made: two species of trypanosomes are present in KZN; T.congolense and T. vivax. The two species were found as single and as mixed infections in cattle. There are two genotypic groups of T. congolense in KZN; the Savannah- and the Kilifi-type. The two genotypic groups were found as mixed infections in cattle and in tsetse flies. Lastly, there are at least five “genomic variants” of Savannah-type T. congolense in KZN. The infection rate in cattle ranged from 5.2-91%; in tsetse flies, 11-97.5% and in wild animals it was 4.3%. Mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax were only observed in samples from one diptank. Mixed infections of Savannah- and Kilifi-type T. congolense were observed in samples from Boomerang commercial farm, and in tsetse flies. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Zohari, Siamak. "Genetic characterisation and functional study of the NS gene of avian influenza virus /." Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200986.pdf.

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50

Fischer, Katherine A. "Proteins colocalize in the boar cytoplasmic droplet /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418018.

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