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Journal articles on the topic 'Wild oats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

CHUBB, W. O., and G. H. FRIESEN. "WILD OAT INTERFERENCE IN SUNFLOWER." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-031.

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In field experiments, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ’Hybrid 894’) recovered from initial effects of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference and yielded normally if the weed was removed within 4 wk after crop emergence and the crop was kept relatively free of wild oats thereafter until harvest. In widely spaced plantings, wild oats growing between-the-rows competed just as vigorously as in-the-row infestations. Selective postemergence herbicides did not always provide sufficient control of wild oats to prevent significant losses in sunflower yield.Key words: Competition, interference, seed yield, oil content, herbicides, critical period

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2

Cudney, David W., Lowell S. Jordan, Jodie S. Holt, and John S. Reints. "Competitive Interactions of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Wild Oats (Avena fatua) Grown at Different Densities." Weed Science 37, no. 4 (July 1989): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072374.

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Competitive interactions of wheat and wild oats in relation to variations in plant density of both species were investigated in field studies under irrigation and added fertilizer. Competition studies included comparisons by both additive and replacement series. The additive series was used to study plant responses to competition under fixed density of wheat and increasing density of wild oats. The replacement series was used to study plant responses to competition under constant total plant density with differing proportions of wheat and wild oats. On a per plant basis, shoot dry weight and leaf area index of wild oats were less than those of wheat at anthesis. However, the replacement series experiment indicated that wheat and wild oats were equivalent in competitiveness. Relative density of wild oats gave a better regression fit for wheat yield than did absolute wild oats density (r2values of 0.83 and 0.61, respectively). Yield of wheat grain was linearly proportional to relative density of wild oats.

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3

Dunan, Claudio M., and Robert L. Zimdahl. "Competitive Ability of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088378.

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Replacement series and growth analysis experiments under greenhouse and field conditions quantified and explained the competitive ability of wild oats and barley. Barley was a stronger competitor than wild oats under greenhouse and field conditions. The reciprocal yield approach showed that barley's intraspecific competition was 7.3 times greater than its interspecific competition with wild oats when calculated on a dry weight per plant basis. When leaf area per plant was the yield variable, barley's intraspecific competition was only 2.4 times greater than its interspecific competition. The difference was explained by wild oats' higher leaf area ratio. Barley had a greater leaf area, root and shoot biomass, absolute growth rate, and shoot-root ratio than wild oats, but wild oats' leaf area ratio was always higher. No differences were detected in relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.

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4

LEGER, ELIZABETH A. "Sowing (and mapping) the wild oats." Molecular Ecology 18, no. 18 (September 2009): 3759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04303.x.

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5

Darmency, Henri, and Catherine Aujas. "Genetic Diversity for Competitive and Reproductive Ability in Wild Oats (Avena fatua)." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (June 1992): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057258.

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Three wild oats phenotypes were grown in wheat stands sown at different dates in greenhouse and field trials. Wild oats growth and seed output, and their effects on wheat biomass were not different among phenotypes when wild oats emerged 2 wk after the wheat. In experiments in which wild oats were planted in germinated wheat, one phenotype was shorter, weighed less, and produced fewer seed than the other phenotypes. Another phenotype reduced wheat biomass more than the other phenotypes. Vernalization increased vegetative growth and reduced spikelet production of one phenotype, but had no effect on its competitiveness with wheat.

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6

Colgrave, Michelle. "Wild about oats: detecting unlabeled oats in breakfast cereals using LC-MS." INFORM International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 30, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.02.2019.19.

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7

Thill, D. C., J. T. O’Donovan, and C. A. Mallory-Smith. "Integrated weed management strategies for delaying herbicide resistance in wild oats." Comptes rendus 75, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706072ar.

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Herbicide-resistant biotypes of wild oats (Avena fatua) infest most major cereal producing regions in the western United States and Canada. This paper reviews potential integrated weed management strategies that can be used to prevent or delay selection of herbicide-resistant wild oats plants. An integrated wild oats management strategy to delay or prevent the development of herbicide resistance should be based on preventing the movement of wild oats seed into the soil. Two ways to achieve this are by preventing the immigration of seed into the field from external sources, and by reducing or eliminating seed production by wild oats already in the field. It is becoming increasingly clear that reliance on continuous herbicide useas the sole means of weed control will fail to eliminate wild oats and other weed seed from the soil seedbank. On the contrary, evidence is mounting that this practice will select for biotypes that are resistant to the herbicides used, especially where herbicides of the same mode of action are used continuously. It is essential, therefore, that herbicides be considered as just one component of an overall integrated System together with cultural control and other management strategies, and that agronomic principles be considered when developing this System.

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8

Tettenborn, A. M. "Wild Oats and the Sale of Goods." Cambridge Law Journal 45, no. 3 (November 1986): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300118367.

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9

Heisler, Jennifer M. "They Need to Sow Their Wild Oats." Emerging Adulthood 2, no. 4 (September 23, 2014): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696814550196.

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10

LANDES, A., and J. R. PORTER. "Development of the Inflorescence in Wild Oats." Annals of Botany 66, no. 1 (July 1990): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087998.

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11

Pfleeger, Thomas G., Christopher C. Mundt, and Michelle A. da Luz. "Effects of wheat leaf rust on interactions between wheat and wild oats planted at various densities and proportions." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 11 (January 30, 2000): 1669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-154.

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The importance of competition as a major influence on the composition and structure of plant communities has recently been questioned, because other types of interactions can cause significant compositional changes. The goal of this research was to broaden our understanding of disease as a process structuring plant communities under a variety of competitive scenarios. Two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Twin and cv. Penawawa) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.) were planted at three densities and at five proportions. One-half of the experimental material was inoculated with uredospores of Puccinia recondita. Increasing the proportion of wheat or oats in mixtures led to significant increases in the amount of aboveground biomass and total seed weight for that species. The seed weight and aboveground biomass per culm or per planted seed decreased for wheat and wild oats as the proportion of wild oats increased in mixtures, indicating a competitive advantage for wild oats when grown with wheat. Wild oats generally did not respond significantly to the effects of leaf rust on wheat, while wheat performance declined. Lowered wheat performance in inoculated stands was the main reason for lower relative biomass ratios of wheat to wild oats. Puccinia recondita infections occurred late in the life cycle of wheat, thereby decreasing the potential impact on wild oats' adults through competitive interactions.

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12

Regnier, Emilie E., and Kufimfutu B. Bakelana. "Crop Planting Pattern Effects on Early Growth and Canopy Shape of Cultivated and Wild Oats (Avena fatua)." Weed Science 43, no. 1 (March 1995): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500080875.

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Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of cultivated oats planting pattern on early canopy shape and growth of cultivated oats and wild oats, in part to test the assumption of radial plant canopy expansion on which previous theoretical models of crop-weed interference models have been based. Cultivated oats density was kept constant as the pattern rectangularity was varied, and single wild oats plants were centered within each pattern. Individual plant canopies, photographed from above 31 days after emergence (DAE), were radial for wild oats in all crop planting patterns and for cultivated oats planted in triangular and square planting patterns. Canopy radius perpendicular to the crop row axis in rectangular patterns was similar to canopy radius along the same cardinal axis in equidistant patterns, but was reduced along the crop row axis, resulting in a rectangular canopy shape and decreased canopy area in rectangular compared to equidistant patterns. Cultivated oats dry weight and leaf area at crop flowering (64 DAE) also decreased with increasing rectangularity of crop planting pattern. Reductions in cultivated oats growth in rectangular patterns were associated with earlier intraspecific interference and delayed crop canopy closure in rectangular compared to equidistant patterns. Wild oats leaf area and tiller number 64 DAE decreased with more equidistant crop planting patterns, consistent with reduced canopy area 31 DAE and earlier crop canopy closure in equidistant patterns. The data suggest that individual oats canopy expansion during early growth is essentially radial and also support previous theoretical predictions of crop planting pattern effects on weed suppression.

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13

Woldesenbet, Abebe, Abreham Wolde, and Ayele Tefera. "EFFECTS OF WILD OAT (AVENA FATUA L.)DENSITY ON WHEAT (TRITICUM EASTIVUM L.). YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i9.2016.2545.

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The experiment was conducted under field condition at Jimma University, College of Agricultures and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) to determine the effect of various wild oats (Avevafatua L.) densities on yield and yield components of Wheat (Triticumeastivum L.). The experiment design used was the randomized complete block design and each of the experimental treatment was replicated three times. A Wheat cultivar, Digalu was grown with (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80) Wild Oat densities as a treatment. Data were recorded on wheat plant height, number of tillers, fresh weight and dry weight. The result revealed that various Wild Oats densities statistically (p≤0.05) affected plant height, number of tillers, fresh weight and dry weight. The maximum values of all the parameters were recorded in the (0) Wild Oat density as well as from Wild Oats density (20). Whereas, the minimum values of these parameters were recorded where (80) wild oats densities were present. From the study it could be concluded that Wheat yield and yield components were greatly affected by Wild Oat densities. Judicious control measures for wild oats are recommended to be adopted that can control Wild Oats in Wheat crop to reduce the crop losses due to this noxious weed.

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14

Curran, William S., Larry A. Morrow, and Ralph E. Whitesides. "Lentil (Lens culinaris) Yield as Influenced by Duration of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference." Weed Science 35, no. 5 (September 1987): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500060768.

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) interference in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik). An infestation of 32 and 65 wild oats/m2 maintained up to 5 weeks in the field did not reduce lentil grain yield. However, 32 wild oats/m2 reduced yields 32% when allowed to remain for 7 weeks and 49% if they remained until harvest time (11 weeks). Sixty-five wild oats/m2 reduced grain yield 42 and 61% for the same time periods, respectively. In the growth chamber, 69 wild oats/m2 reduced lentil plant dry weight 29% if allowed to remain for 3 weeks, 61% for 5 weeks, and 72% for 7 weeks (harvest time). The field data suggest that wild oat control measures may be delayed for several weeks after lentil emergence without reducing crop yield.

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15

Cudney, David W., Lowell S. Jordan, Chris J. Corbett, and Warren E. Bendixen. "Developmental Rates of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 37, no. 4 (July 1989): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072349.

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Prediction of the developmental stages of wheat and wild oats would be useful in order to: 1) correctly time the application of herbicides, and 2) accurately schedule research and cultural operations. The Haun developmental scale which numbers leaf development and describes floral development on the main stem of grasses was found to be suitable for describing the development of semidwarf wheat and wild oats in California. Haun developmental rates of wheat and wild oats were similar. Interference by wheat or wild oats in mixed cultures did not change the developmental rate of either species when grown with added nutrients and water. Degree days gave better correlations with development than calendar days when different planting dates, years, and locations were compared. A degree day model with a 5 C base temperature and a second-order polynomial expression gave accurate predictions of developmental stage, which correlated well with field data.

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16

Gressel, Jonathan. "Indiscriminate use of selectable markers — sowing wild oats?" Trends in Biotechnology 10 (1992): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(92)90277-3.

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17

DARWENT, A. L., and J. H. SMITH. "DELAYED SEEDING FOR WILD OAT CONTROL IN RAPESEED IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 1101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-144.

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In a 4-yr study, rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) was seeded where wild oats (Avena fatua L.) had been controlled either by various delayed seeding procedures or by an early spring application of trifluralin at 1.1 kg a.i./ha. The trifluralin treatment provided the best wild oat control. However, allowing wild oats to grow to the two-leaf stage, destroying them with cultivation and then seeding rapeseed resulted in commercially acceptable control (70% or more) with little or no loss of crop yield. Postponing cultivation until the wild oats reached the three- to four-leaf stage provided control that was almost equivalent to that attained with cultivation at the two-leaf stage but resulted in reduced crop yields. Destruction of wild oat seedlings at the two-leaf stage by paraquat or glyphosate did not improve the level of control over that provided by cultivation.Key words: Oat (wild), delayed seeding, rapeseed, trifluralin

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18

Gillespie, Greg R., and John D. Nalewaja. "Economic Control of Weeds in Wheat,Triticum aestivum." Weed Technology 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00030530.

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Field experiments were conducted at two locations during 1984 and 1985 to determine how time of wild oats and wild mustard control influenced spring wheat yield and net economic return. Wheat yield and economic return were greatest when both weed species were controlled with diclofop plus bromoxynil at the 2-leaf wheat stage. Delaying the application of herbicides or controlling only wild oats with diclofop or only wild mustard with MCPA reduced wheat yield and economic benefit from the herbicide treatment. Wild oats and wild mustard competed equally for limiting growth factors in a greenhouse experiment.

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19

Jones, R., and R. Medd. "Economic analysis of integrated management of wild oats involving fallow, herbicide and crop rotational options." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 6 (1997): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97036.

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Summary. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the economic benefits associated with an integrated weed management approach for wild oats (Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana) in northern New South Wales involving chemical and non-chemical controls. The paper presents a framework for assessing the population dynamics of wild oats and the economics of a range of control options over 15 years. Wild oats is a weed primarily of winter crops which, as a consequence of its persistence and its impact upon yields, leads to significant economic losses in the grain growing regions of Australia. In this study, a dynamic programming model is developed to examine the impact of a range of management strategies for the control of wild oats in wheat. The strategies evaluated include conventional herbicide control to reduce weed densities, the use of selective herbicides to reduce seed set of the weed, and summer crop and winter fallow rotational options which provide a break in the cereal cycle and allow accelerated control of wild oat populations. The hypothesis for the study, that strategies which involve measures that directly reduce seed production and minimise wild oats seed bank populations will yield the greatest economic benefit, is acceptable based on the findings of the study. The work also shows that a dynamic programming model provides a means of determining the optimal combination of strategies over time for various initial values of the seed bank. The methodology is considered to have general application as a framework for evaluating the economics of weed control problems in annual cropping systems.

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20

Harrington, K. C., and R. J. Chynoweth. "Have wild oats in Canterbury become resistant to herbicides." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5778.

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To investigate rumours that herbicide resistance has developed in wild oats (Avena fatua) seeds of this species were collected from eight arable farms (either one or two populations per farm) in Canterbury from which possible resistance to either fenoxapropPethyl or haloxyfop had been reported Seeds were also obtained from two properties where no resistance was thought to exist Seeds from these 14 populations were germinated using dormancybreaking techniques and established individually in pots within a glasshouse in October 2013 When seedlings were 4 weeks old they were sprayed with the recommended rate of fenoxapropPethyl haloxyfop or flampropMisopropyl None of the populations were controlled adequately by flampropMisopropyl because insufficient competition was exerted on the seedlings following application as required to make this herbicide work well One of the 14 populations was poorly controlled by all three herbicides suggesting it has developed resistance to these herbicides The remaining populations were adequately controlled by fenoxapropPethyl and haloxyfop However seedlings of one of these susceptible populations were not treated with fenoxaprop Pethyl until they were 6 weeks old and these were not controlled showing the importance of applying this herbicide early enough while seedlings are still susceptible

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21

Baker, Thomas H., and William R. Majors. "Editorial Wild Oats: Edward Ward Carmack and Tennessee Politics." Journal of American History 72, no. 1 (June 1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1903791.

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22

MORIKAWA, Toshinobu. "Genetic analysis on dwarfness of wild oats, Avena fatua." Japanese journal of genetics 64, no. 5 (1989): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/jjg.64.363.

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23

Raju, M. V. S., G. J. Jones, and G. F. Ledingham. "Floret anthesis and pollination in wild oats (Avena fatua)." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-310.

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Avena fatua L. (wild oats), an introduced annual, is a successful weed in the cultivated fields of the Canadian prairies. Its inflorescence is a determinate panicle consisting of many spikelets, each of which contains two or three florets. During anthesis, the lodicules in each floret swell after water uptake and cause the lemma to diverge and to establish a wide angle between it and the palea. The essential organs in the floret are exposed to the environment and subsequently the anthers dehisce releasing pollen. The pollen grains are dropped on the stigmatic branches, thus effecting self-pollination. Following pollination, the floret closes because of the collapsing of lodicules. The pollen on the stigma germinates after the floret has closed. Anthesis, both in the field and in the growth cabinet, shows a daily rhythm and occurs in the afternoon. This rhythmic floret opening seems to be temperature sensitive. The ambient temperature range for anthesis in the field is 25–28 °C. The wild oat is primarily a chasmogamous species and enforced cleistogamy in the florets can be induced experimentally.

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24

TAYLOR, CAROLYN, and ANDREW J. MACNAB. "Pediatric eye injury due to Avena fatua (wild oats)." Pediatric Emergency Care 17, no. 5 (October 2001): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-200110000-00011.

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25

Leonova, S., A. Gnutikov, I. Loskutov, E. Blinova, K. E. Gustafsson, and O. Olsson. "Diversity of avenanthramide content in wild and cultivated oats." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-1-30-47.

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Background. Oat grains accumulate substantial amounts of various phenolic compounds that possess biological activity and have a potential to considerably increase health benefits of oats as a food. Avenanthramides (AVA) is an important group of these compounds due to their antioxidant, anti-itching, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative activities.Materials and methods. Using combined HPLC and LC-MS analyses, we provide the first comprehensive review of the total avenanthramide content and composition in cultivated and wild oats. The AVA content was measured in 32 wild and 120 cultivated oat accessions obtained from the global collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia.Results and conclusion. The wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. had the highest total AVA content, reaching 1825 mg kg–1. Among cultivated accessions, naked oat cv. ‘Numbat’ (Australia) had the highest AVA content, 586 mg kg–1. The AVA composition exhibited a wide diversity among the analyzed samples. Accessions were identified where AVAs A, B and C, which are generally considered as major AVA, had a low percentage, and instead other AVAs prevailed. The AVA content in eight oat cultivars revealed significant annual changes in both the total AVA content and the proportions of individual AVAs. Using HPLC analyses, 22 distinguishable peaks in AVA extracts of oat seeds were detected and quantified. Several of these peaks, which have not been previously documented, presumably represent different AVAs. Further analyses are needed to detail these findings and to determine the specific AVA structures in oat grains.

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26

Lamon, Lester C., and William R. Majors. "Editorial Wild Oats: Edward Ward Carmack and Tennessee Politics." Journal of Southern History 51, no. 3 (August 1985): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2209286.

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27

Miller, Stephen D., and John D. Nalewaja. "Influence of Burial Depth on Wild Oats (Avena fatua) Seed Longevity." Weed Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025884.

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Field experiments were initiated in 1973 at Fargo and Williston, ND, to evaluate wild oats seed longevity in soil at six burial depths. The number of viable seed decreased rapidly during the first 7 mo from 99% to 21 and 15% at Fargo and Williston, respectively, when averaged over depths. The number of viable seed decreased gradually over the 7- to 168-mo period at Fargo; however, at Williston, viability remained relatively constant for 84 mo and decreased rapidly after 108 mo. At both locations, several wild oats seed were viable 168 mo after burial. More viable wild oats seed were recovered from deep than shallow depths regardless of sampling date. Seed viability at the 6- to 10-cm burial depth was lost more rapidly with nitrogen fertilizer than without nitrogen fertilizer. The percentage of dormant viable seed remained constant for 33 mo at Fargo and 60 mo at Williston regardless of burial depth, but decreased gradually thereafter. Dormant seed percentages at the various depths did not relate to differences in seed viability at these depths.

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28

Pfleeger, Thomas G., and Christopher C. Mundt. "Wheat Leaf Rust Severity as Affected by Plant Density and Species Proportion in Simple Communities of Wheat and Wild Oats." Phytopathology® 88, no. 7 (July 1998): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.7.708.

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While it is generally accepted that dense stands of plants exacerbate epidemics caused by foliar pathogens, there is little experimental evidence to support this view. We grew model plant communities consisting of wheat and wild oats at different densities and proportions and exposed these communities to Puccinia recondita to induce wheat leaf rust. Wild oats was included because it is a common competitor of wheat and may act as a barrier to the dispersal of P. recondita spores among wheat plants. Disease severity was estimated as percentage of wheat flag leaves covered by rust lesions. Seeding density rarely had a significant influence on rust severity, probably because of compensation due to increased tillering at low seeding densities. In contrast, increasing the proportion of wheat in mixtures with wild oats consistently increased wheat leaf rust severity. Regression parameters describing wheat leaf rust severity as a function of wheat seeding density did not differ significantly between pure wheat stands and wheat-wild oat mixtures and, thus, failed to support an effect of wild oats on wheat leaf rust other than through its competitive impact on wheat tiller density.

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29

Nalewaja, John D., and Zenon Woznica. "Effect of Environment and Adjuvants on Asulam Phytotoxicity." Weed Science 36, no. 3 (May 1988): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075032.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of various factors on asulam {methyl[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] carbamate} toxicity to flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) and wild oats (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA). Asulam toxicity to both flax and wild oats generally increased as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture increased after treatment. Octoxynol {α-[p-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)} in the spray solution increased asulam toxicity to both species in all environments. Octoxynol and trimethylenonypolyethoxyethanol (WK) enhanced asulam toxicity more than other adjuvants evaluated. Asulam toxicity to both flax and wild oats increased as octoxynol concentration in the spray increased. Flax tolerance to asulam generally increased with flax height at treatment. ‘Flor’ flax was the most asulam susceptible of six cultivars evaluated. A 2-mm simulated rainfall within 3 or 6 h after asulam treatment reduced toxicity to wild oats and flax, respectively.

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30

KIRKLAND, K. J., K. N. HARKER, and P. A. O’SULLIVAN. "INFLUENCE OF METRIBUZIN AND CYANAZINE ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF GRAMINICIDES ON WILD OATS AND BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-021.

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Tank-mixes of metribuzin or cyanazine with sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl or quizalofop-ethyl were evaluated at Scott, Saskatchewan and Lacombe, Alberta for control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Metribuzin reduced the control of wild oats and barley when mixed with the four graminicides. Mixtures of the graminicides with cyanazine were not antagonistic and there was no loss of weed control. The addition of fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl to metribuzin caused reduced phytotoxicity on wild mustard in the growth room.Key words: Graminicides, antagonism, metribuzin, cyanazine

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31

FRIESEN, G. H. "CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN FIELD CORN WITH FLAMPROP METHYL." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-039.

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The efficacy of flamprop methyl and its active isomer (WL43423) on wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in field corn (Zea mays L.) was studied in field plots at Morden, Manitoba from 1983 to 1985. The herbicides were applied at recommended rates at the two-leaf, four-leaf and six-leaf stages of field corn. Spraying at the four-leaf stage consistently provided maximum wild oat control with acceptable field corn tolerance. When 2,4-D amine was applied at the same time as flamprop methyl, reduced wild oat control and field corn tolerance was observed.Key words: Oat (wild), Avena fatua, corn (field), Zea mays, flamprop methyl, WL43423

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32

O'Donovan, John T. "Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations and Economic Returns as Influenced by Frequency of Control." Weed Technology 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032334.

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In continuous wheat or barley or in a canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year over 4 yr maintained wild oat seedling populations at 3 plants/m2 or less. Failure to control wild oats annually increased wild oat populations (>200 plants/m2 by the fourth year) in continuous wheat dramatically, while in the other two cropping systems, populations increased to only 40 plants/m2 or less by the fourth year. In the continuous wheat and in the canola/barley rotation, wild oat control every year generally provided the best economic returns when prices and costs were averaged over 4 yr; in continuous barley, the average return was better when wild oats was controlled only in the second or third years rather than every year.

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33

Martin, RJ, and WL Felton. "Effect of crop rotation, tillage practice, and herbicides on the population dynamics of wild oats in wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930159.

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The effects of crop rotation, tillage practice, and herbicide use on the population dynamics of wild oats (Avena fatua and A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana) were studied in a field experiment in northern New South Wales. In the third and fourth years of a continuous wheat rotation, cultivated fallow using tines increased wild oat density and reduced grain yield compared with a no-tillage fallow. Tillage did not affect the vertical distribution of wild oat seeds in the soil, and about 80% of wild oat seeds were in the top 5 cm of soil in both tillage treatments. The seed reservoir at the end of the experiment was smaller under a no-tillage fallow regime. The half-life of wild oat seeds in the soil was about 6 months, and rotation of wheat with sorghum was the most effective means of reducing the wild oat seed reservoir. Rotational strategies for weed control are also likely to be effective in delaying or minimising the development of herbicide resistance, particularly where the average seed bank life time, as shown for wild oats in this study, is short. Annual use of either tri-allate or flamprop-methyl in 4 successive wheat crops did not prevent a massive build-up of wild oat seed. The poor performance of herbicides was partly attributed to below-average rainfall in autumn and early winter in 1985 and 1986. However, wild oats are well adapted to continuous cropping with wheat, where recruitment of 34% of the soil seed reservoir maintained the population despite the use of selective herbicides. The results of this experiment indicate that a continuous wheat rotation using herbicides to control wild oats is likely to be much less effective in reducing the wild oat seed reservoir.

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34

Thomas, A. G. "Floristic composition and relative abundance of weeds in annual crops of Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-117.

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Annual surveys for weeds of fields seeded to spring wheat, barley, oats, flax, and canola in Manitoba were conducted during 1978, 1979, and 1981. Fields were surveyed during July and early August each year using a stratified random sampling procedure. Data for the crops and years were combined for analysis. The frequency, the area infested, and the density of the infestation were determined for each species. These three measures of the abundance of the weed were combined into a single synthetic value called relative abundance. Nine of the 152 species recorded by the surveyors accounted for 77% of the total relative abundance. Ranked in order by relative abundance, these species were green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), wild oats (Avena fatua L.), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), annual smartweed (Polygonum spp.), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Green foxtail was the predominant weed with an abundance value three times larger than wild oats or wild buckwheat. The pattern of dominance found in Manitoba fields was similar to results from comparable surveys in Saskatchewan and North Dakota. Key words: Relative abundance, weed survey, weed density, green foxtail, wild oats, wild buckwheat

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Haynes, Brent, Roger T. Koide, and George Elliott. "Phosphorus uptake and utilization in wild and cultivated oats (avenaspp.)." Journal of Plant Nutrition 14, no. 10 (October 1991): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169109364269.

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Macías, Francisco A., Alberto Oliveros-Bastidas, David Marín, Nuria Chinchilla, Diego Castellano, and José M. G. Molinillo. "Evidence for an Allelopathic Interaction Between Rye and Wild Oats." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62, no. 39 (September 18, 2014): 9450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf503840d.

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37

Graham‐Yooll, Andrew. "The wild oats they sowed: Latin American exiles in Europe." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598708419972.

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38

Pérez, Francisco J., and Juan Ormeño-Nuñez. "Root exudates of wild oats: Allelopathic effect on spring wheat." Phytochemistry 30, no. 7 (January 1991): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83614-q.

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39

Blackshaw, Robert E., John T. O'Donovan, M. Paul Sharma, K. Neil Harker, and Denise Maurice. "Response of Triallate-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua) to Alternative Herbicides." Weed Technology 10, no. 2 (June 1996): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039919.

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Wild oat populations resistant to triallate have been identified in Alberta. Dose response experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine if triallate-resistant wild oat was controlled by other selective wild oat herbicides. Triallate-resistant wild oat populations were effectively controlled by atrazine, ethalfluralin, fenoxaprop-P, flamprop, imazamethabenz, and tralkoxydim. EPTC and cycloate, which are chemically related to triallate, differed in their efficacy on triallate-resistant wild oats. EPTC at the 0.25x field use rate was more efficacious on triallate-resistant than triallate-susceptible wild oat. In contrast, cycloate at the 0.25 to 0.5x field use rate was less efficacious on triallate-resistant than susceptible wild oats. At higher rates, both EPTC and cycloate killed triallate-resistant wild oat populations. Growers have several herbicide choices to selectively control triallate-resistant wild oat in prairie field crops but should plan to rotate herbicides among different chemical families and adopt integrated weed management practices to reduce the risk of these wild oat populations developing resistance to other wild oat herbicides.

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40

Kirkland, Kenneth J. "Frequency of post-emergence harrowing effects wild oat control and spring wheat yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-026.

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Crops grown by organic producers or others choosing not to use herbicides require alternative weed control methods. In a 3-yr study at Scott, Saskatchewan, several harrowing frequencies were applied to emerged wild oats infesting spring wheat. Two passes with diamond tooth harrows at the one- to two-leaf stage of wild oats reduced panicle density and fresh weight in 2 of 3 yr. Multiple harrowings reduced wheat culms, fresh weight, and yield in 2 of the 3 yr. In 1992, four harrowings reduced wheat culms and yield, but had no effect on wild oat. In 1993, two harrowings reduced wild oat panicles and fresh weight, but had no effect on wheat culms and fresh weight, suggesting that moisture conditions at and immediately following harrowing have a differential effect on the ability of the two species to recover. Key words:Avena fatua L., Triticum aestivum L., cultural control, organic production

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Martin, RJ, WL Felton, and AJ Somervaille. "A comparison of tri-allate formulations for control of wild oats in wheat in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890215.

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Three field trials and a glasshouse experiment were carried out in northern New South Wales to determine the effects of reduced mechanical incorporation and the presence of crop residues on the efficacy of liquid and granular formulations of triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichioroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] for control of wild oats (Avena fatua and A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana) in wheat. In field experiments, fallow management practices with surface crop residues ranging from nil to complete retention from the previous wheat crop, did not affect the performance of tri-allate (incorporated by sowing) in terms of control of wild oats and wheat grain yield response. Application of a granular formulation resulted in lower than expected wheat grain yields in 2 of the field experiments and phytotoxicity to the crop was suspected as the reason. Although soil incorporation improved the performance of tri-allate at the recommended rate of 0.8 kg/ha, satisfactory control of wild oats and profitable increases in wheat grain yield were obtained with tri-allate at 1.2 kg/ha when incorporated by sowing into seedbeds containing up to 2 t/ha of crop residue. We conclude that tri-allate as the liquid formulation at 1.2 kg/ha gives economic control of wild oats in no-tillage and stubble-mulched seedbeds when incorporated by sowing provided that the weed-free wheat grain yield potential is not less than 1.5 t/ha. Results from the glasshouse experiment, farmer experience and published literature support the practice of incorporating tri-allate into dry soil with subsequent activation by sowing rain. The potential use of the granular formulation is limited by the greater risk of crop damage compared with the liquid formulation.

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42

Martin, RJ, BR Cullis, and DW McNamara. "Prediction of wheat yield loss due to competition by wild oats (Avena spp.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870487.

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying the density of wheat (cv. Gamut) and wild oats (Avena fatua and A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana) on the grain yield of wheat. Wheat grain yields were reduced by wild oats through the reduction in number of tillers, and this competitive effect could be reduced by increasing the density of wheat. Increasing wheat plant density beyond the weed-free optimum was found to be unsatisfactory for wild oat control. The best model to describe the data comprised a parabolic wheat yield-density component and a hyperbolic yield loss component. Parameters in the yield-density component were calibrated using 36 data sets to account for variation in sowing date and available soil water. The parabolic model best described the effect of limiting soil water on the wheat yield-density relationship. The yield loss component, which included weed and crop density as variables, indicated that wheat and wild oats behaved as near-equal competitors.The predictive ability of the yield loss model varied when tested on several independent data sets collected from commercial wheat crops. This variation was caused by changes in the relative competitive ability of the crop and weed which resulted in significant variation in values of the yield loss parameters. Further refinement and generalization of the model will be possible if the yield loss parameters can be related to genetic and environmental variables.

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43

Eberlein, Charlotte V., Timothy L. Miller, and John V. Wiersma. "Influence of Thiameturon and DPX-L5300 on Wild Oats (Avena fatua) Control with Barban, Diclofop, AC 222,293, and Difenzoquat." Weed Science 36, no. 6 (November 1988): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075858.

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In field studies, wild oat control with AC 222,293 and difenzoquat was not reduced when each herbicide was applied in combination with thiameturon or DPX-L5300. Mixtures of barban with thiameturon gave wild oats control similar to barban applied alone, but mixtures of barban with DPX-L5300 sometimes gave less wild oats control than barban applied alone. Control was reduced when diclofop was applied in combination with thiameturon in 1985 but not in 1986. When antagonism occurred, addition of crop oil concentrate (COC) at 1.2 L/ha to the diclofop-thiameturon spray mixture overcame the antagonism. When diclofop was applied in combination with DPX-L5300, control was reduced and antagonism could not be overcome by increasing the diclofop rate or by adding COC to the spray mixture. In greenhouse studies the inert ingredients in the thiameturon and DPX-L5300 formulations did not antagonize diclofop activity on wild oats. TLC analysis of14C-diclofop solutions with and without thiameturon or DPX-L5300 revealed neither degradation products of diclofop nor evidence of complexing between diclofop and thiameturon or diclofop and DPX-L5300. Diclofop antagonism by thiameturon or DPX-L5300 was not due to a chemical or physical interaction between the herbicides in the spray mixture.

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44

Lawrence, David Haldane. "Sowing Wild Oats: The Fallen Man in Late-Victorian Society Melodrama." Literature Compass 4, no. 3 (May 2007): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2007.00435.x.

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45

Shirtliffe, S. J., N. C. Kenkel, and M. H. Entz. "Fractal analysis of seed dispersal and spatial pattern in wild oats." Community Ecology 3, no. 1 (June 2002): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/comec.3.2002.1.12.

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46

Rezai, A., and K. J. Frey. "Variation in relation to geographical distribution of wild oats-seed traits." Euphytica 39, no. 2 (1988): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00039862.

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47

BUSBY, DEAN M., BRIAN J. WILLOUGHBY, and JASON S. CARROLL. "Sowing wild oats: Valuable experience or a field full of weeds?" Personal Relationships 20, no. 4 (April 18, 2013): 706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pere.12009.

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48

Baldwin, A., D. Francis, H. J. Rogers, and J. L. Harwood. "The inhibition of fatty acid elongation by pebulate can be effectively counteracted by the safener dichlormid." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280650.

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The thiocarbamate herbicide pebulate inhibits fatty acid elongation, which is necessary for surface lipid biosynthesis. As both barley and wild oats are susceptible to pebulate, the safener dichlormid was used to study the reversal of its herbicidal effect. Fatty acid elongation was restored by a dichlormid pretreatment in barley, but not in pebulate-expressed oats.

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COUSENS, R. D., S. E. WEAVER, T. D. MARTIN, A. M. BLAIR, and J. WILSON. "Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and winter cereals." Weed Research 31, no. 4 (August 1991): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1991.tb01759.x.

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Ponce, Ricardo Gonzalez, and In�s Santin. "Competitive ability of wheat cultivars with wild oats depending on nitrogen fertilization." Agronomie 21, no. 2 (March 2001): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2001112.

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