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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wilderness Act (United States)'

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Published: 12 December 2022

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Empfield, Jeffrey Morgan. "Wilderness rivers : environmentalism, the wilderness movement, and river preservation during the 1960s /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020640/.

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2

DeJonghe, Jennifer. "White Space| Racism, Nationalism and Wilderness in the United States." Thesis, Metropolitan State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569559.

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<p> In the United States, the history of racism and racial oppression is often unexamined within environmental and preservationist movements. Wilderness preservation and access to nature has been used as a method of reinforcing racial hierarchy and promoting and advancing White agendas. Environmental heroes like John Muir promoted racist viewpoints toward others through a vision of wilderness that was exclusive and inaccessible. National Parks and other wilderness areas displaced the original inhabitants of the land now are representative of nature as a place of exclusion. In order to have success with their environmental goals, White environmentalists need to recognize and account for the racism, imperialism, and nationalism, both intentional and unintentional, that has harmed their movement.</p>

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3

Ryan, Molly Michelle. "The house that Smokey built the Forest Service management of historic structures in wilderness /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06252009-083658.

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4

anderson, Thomas L. "Indicting Christendom: Roger Williams from the Wilderness." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626317.

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5

Perez, Elizabeth D. "The Export Administration Act of 1979 and computer exports to China." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FPerez.pdf.

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6

Rarig, Karl. "An historical analysis of the government performance and results act of 1993." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2958. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves ii-iii. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65).

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7

Cheney, Eric D. "Analysis of the Antideficiency Act in the Department of the Navy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FCheney.pdf.

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8

Burns, Barbara B. "The changing American conception of the wilderness as evidenced in the development of the national park system." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52051.

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Throughout the development of our country attitudes toward wilderness have gradually evolved, reflecting ever changing values and concerns. While colonial man viewed wilderness with fear and distaste and believed the worth of such areas was solely dependent on the economic value of its resources, his modern counterpart has begun to realize that the absolute preservation of wilderness is desirable and necessary in order to protect important inspirational, educational and ecological values generated from these lands. It follows that the federal agency we consider to be one of the largest holders of wilderness lands—the National Park Service—has not always employed wilderness preservation as a major criterion for national park establishment. The intent of this thesis is, thus, to trace the evolution of national attitudes toward wilderness through an examination of the development of the national park system, focusing on the types of parks created in different periods of time and the rationale used to justify park establishment. In this investigation the national park system was divided into five peak periods of establishment. Two parks were then selected from each period for examination as representative case studies. It was found that the parks of each period tended to possess similar physical characteristics, featured objects of preservation and rationale for inclusion into the system. As the park system developed a gradual broadening of concerns was apparent. With the introduction of new rationale and featured objects of preservation from peak to peak, rarely were previous concerns displaced entirely. Thus, the overall development of the park system can be interpreted as an additive process, resulting in the representation of an entire spectrum of environmental concerns by the fifth period of park establishment.<br>Master of Landscape Architecture

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9

Mahdi, Taalib-Din N. "Utilization of the family medical leave act: A case study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2462/.

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American businesses have confronted a changing world economy marked by increasing competition , technological innovation, and instability. Many more women have entered the labor force. Many families' caregiving needs are now being met by family members who also are holding down jobs. This, in turn, has fueled the rising need among employees for workplace policies that enable them to meet the often competing demands of job and home. In 1993, Congress passed the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA of the Act) to provide a national policy that supports families in their efforts to strike a workable balance between the competing demands of the workplace and the home. The objective of this study is to examine the amount of FMLA lost time at one particular company in order to determine a demographic and job characteristic profile of employees who take time away from their jobs for reasons that are protected by the Act.

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10

Perry, Molly FitzGerald. "Influencing Empire: Protest And Persuasion In The Stamp Act Period." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091610.

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"Influencing Empire" examines the period of imperial crisis and community disruption which followed the passage of the Stamp Act by Parliament in 1765 to repeal in 1766. Amid fears of a rising national debt, the revenue measure imposed a small tax in the twenty-six British American colonies to defray the expense of postwar military installations in the mainland interior. In response, crowds violently threatened royal officials and their property prompting resignations and the removal of tax documents into protective custody. With the stamped papers removed from circulation by the legislated collection date, the protests largely prevented the payment of the tax. Without stamped documents the courts and customs houses could not legally operate, preventing critical business of the British Empire. This dissertation traces how and why colonists from Nova Scotia to St. Kitts engaged in a series of unprecedented street protests, examining the process of imperial coalition-building. To achieve their goal of repeal, colonists recognized the importance of convincing imperial powerbrokers to act. The design of protests and strategies of dissent appropriated British cultural traditions, contemporary politics, and economic pressure points. Described by past historians as the "prologue to Revolution" and "the first act on the road to independence," this dissertation explores the imperial political and cultural contexts, restores the diverse choices and actions of individuals and communities, and emphasizes contingency to understanding the "perplexing situation" following the Stamp Act. At the forefront of this effort were the activities of British subjects far beyond the thirteen mainland colonies. This dissertation refocuses our understanding of the Stamp Act crisis by restoring the imperial dimensions of the repeal efforts uniting historiography of crowd studies with scholarship on the Caribbean, the British Empire, the American Revolution and the African Diaspora. Countering the tendency to write towards American independence, this study explores contemporaneous sources to demonstrate the rapidly shifting strategies of imperial influence, as well as the variety of political and economic arguments emerging during this brief period. Broadening the study of protest to an imperial scale embeds the emergence of crowd action amid a broader campaign of influence involving communities in the West Indies, England, Scotland, and Ireland as well as the mainland colonies. Far from a break with empire, this dissertation demonstrates the diversity of opinions and experiences both within a crowd and across the British Empire suggesting new avenues for understanding colonial protest strategies and the contours of the subsequent revolutionary coalition. Protest was exceptional and controversial. Critically, the dissertation argues that protest cannot be understood without closely examining the actions and choices of the majority of the population in colonial ports. Free and enslaved people of color, dockside laborers, and itinerant sailors inhabited these port communities dramatically influencing and shaping imperial politics. This dissertation demonstrates how these populations participated in this moment of community disruption, shaping strategies of dissent and influence. Their presence on the streets occurred in a variety of ways both supporting and opposing street protest. The surviving evidence suggests how their actions were manipulated as part of an imperial debate on protest which reveal imperial discourses on class and race. The dissertation argues that these early actions on the streets in the colonial period demonstrate a long-term struggle to define the British body politic. At no point was repeal assured, and contingency plays a central role in this dissertation. This dissertation demonstrates how rapidly shifting political coalitions within England, pressure from colonial agents and interests, as well as members of the crowd all played central roles in the repeal effort. A sympathetic print media spread supportive accounts of crowd action, while royal officials and stamp officers reported a competing narrative of violent mobs. This work overlays these traditional accounts of protest with shipping logs, marine intelligence, government documents, imperial correspondence, and private diaries to shed new light on core dynamics of the protest movement. Using a variety of contemporaneous evidence, the work demonstrates the flow of knowledge and rumor which shaped individual and community decision-making. Ultimately, this archival research prompts a fresh look at the "Stamp Act Crisis" as a critical test of the structure and functioning of the British Empire, revealing how a small tax enabled a period of panic, negotiation, innovation, and creativity.

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11

Choi, Davis I. "A study on improving defense acquisition through the application of Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA) concept to defense industry workforce." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Choi_Davis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Owen, Walter. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 4, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Defense acquisition, defense acquisition workforce, Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act, certification, professionalization, workforce, defense industry workforce, program management, project management. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-97). Also available in print.

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12

Kigerl, Alex Conrad. "An Empirical Assessment of the CAN SPAM Act." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/704.

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In January 2004, the United States Congress passed and put into effect the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN SPAM). The Act was set forth to regulate bulk commercial email (spam) and set the limits for what was acceptable. Various sources have since investigated and speculated on the efficacy of the CAN SPAM Act, few of which report a desirable outcome for users of electronic mail. Despite the apparent consensus of anti-spam firms and the community of email users that the Act was less than effective, there is little to no research on the efficacy of the Act that utilizes any significant statistical rigor or accepted scientific practices. The present study seeks to determine what, if any, impact the CAN SPAM act had on spam messages, to identify areas of improvement to help fight spam that is both fraudulent and dangerous. The data consisted of 2,071,965 spam emails sent between February 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008. The data were aggregated by month and an interrupted time series design was chosen to assess the impact the CAN SPAM Act had on spam. Analyses revealed that the CAN SPAM Act had no observable impact on the amount of spam sent and received; no impact on two of three CAN SPAM laws complied with among spam emails, the remaining law of which there was a significant decrease in compliance after the Act; and no impact on the number of spam emails sent from within the United States. Implications of these findings and suggestions for policy are discussed.

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13

Garcia, Maria E. "Governing Gambling in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/3.

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The role risk taking has played in American history has helped shape current legislation concerning gambling. This thesis attempts to explain the discrepancies in legislation regarding distinct forms of gambling. While casinos are heavily regulated by state and federal laws, most statutes dealing with lotteries strive to regulate the activities of other parties instead of those of the lottery institutions. Incidentally, lotteries are the only form of gambling completely managed by the government. It can be inferred that the United States government is more concerned with people exploiting gambling than with the actual practice of wagering. In an effort to more fully understand the gambling debate, whether it should be allowed or banned, I examined different types of sources. Historical sources demonstrate how ingrained in American culture risk taking, the core of gambling, has been since the formation of this nation. Sources dealing with the economic implications of gambling were also studied. Additionally, sources dealings with the political and legal aspects of gambling were essential for this thesis. Legislature has tried to reconcile distinct problems associated with gambling, including corruption. For this reason sports gambling scandals and Mafia connections to gambling have also been examined. The American government has created much needed legislature to address different concerns relating to gambling. It is apparent that statutes will continue to be passed to help regulate the gambling industry. A possible consideration is the legalization of sports wagering to better regulate that sector of the industry.

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14

Umpstead, Regina R. "Three essays on education law and policy state court definitions of educational adequacy ; the No Child Left Behind Act unfunded mandate debate ; and conceptions of equal education opportunity for students with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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15

Beatty, Joshua Fogarty. ""The Fatal Year": Slavery, Violence, and the Stamp Act of 1765." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623642.

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This dissertation argues that the American colonists came to resist the Stamp Act of 1765 through equating it with slavery, a state still understood as resulting from surrender in war. This metaphor both dominated print discourse and served to justify violence against supporters of the Act. Slavery rhetoric implied that resistance through violent struggle was essential for the colonists both to win their freedom and to demonstrate to the wider world that they deserved such freedom. Understanding resistance in these terms reveals the close connections between the rhetoric deployed against the Stamp Act and the actions taken against stamp officers and other supporters of the Act. A close examination of the chronology of rhetoric and resistance shows that it was the colonists' commitment to violent struggle---the actions of urban crowds and of a vigilant network of Sons of Liberty---that prevented enactment of the Stamp Act. and it was knowledge of that resistance that caused Parliament to vote against sending troops to enforce the Stamp Act, well before merchants and manufacturers testified to their economic straits.;The four chapters proceed chronologically through the period May 1765 -- May 1766. The first chapter examines the colonists' decision to resist the Stamp Act and ends in July 1765. Chapter 2 is a study of the crowd actions against crown officers in August through October. The third chapter contrasts the ineffectual Stamp Act Congress with the actions of the Sons of Liberty in the winter of 1766, while the final chapter focuses on the repeal celebrations of May 1766.

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16

Siddiqi, Mazhar Ali. "Dividend capture and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8775.

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17

Jovanovic, Lynda Eileen. "Clientelism and the United States Clean Air Act, the 1990 amendments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0021/MQ37560.pdf.

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18

Ayers, Katherine Elizabeth Ruth. "Making Community in the Wilderness: A Case Study of Women's Land's Throughout the United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101972.

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Over the summer and fall of 2018, I spent time at nine of the lands and two women's-only music festivals and interviewed 39 women. This dissertation is the result of those interviews and my copious field notes. Chapter one frames the question of community sociologically and examines why the lands often remained homogenous even though their goal was that every woman was welcome to come visit and live. It contrasts the lands to women's-only music festivals, which often included diverse women. Chapter two shows how lands not designed to support old women slowly, and unintentionally, become retirement communities. Families of choice, often consisting of the other women living in the community, help the women who need extra assistance, but within limits set by an unaddressed ageism. The lands are at risk if they fail to attract younger members. Chapter three explores the mutual mistrust between the women's land members and the academic community that I found myself navigating as I completed this project. It details the compromises all feminist communities must make to sustain themselves, and explores how the tension caused by my participation in both the women's lands and academic feminist communities yielded insights into both.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>As part of the American second wave feminist movement, a new group of radical feminists emerged. Instead of trying to work within the system, as the feminists before them had done, they decided to create an alternative system as best they could. This dissertation project focuses on the current iteration of these lands; to do this research I spent time at nine of the lands and two women's-only music festivals and interviewed 39 women during the summer of 2018. Part of creating these alternative systems included buying land in rural spaces across the United States and setting up new communities not beholden to any current way of doing things. A major ethos of their communities was that all women were welcome, regardless of race, economic, class, dis/ability, or other identities. The first chapter examines how, despite the women's best intentions, these spaces were and continue to remain today, homogenous, and contrasts the lands with other feminist organizations and women's-only music festivals that were able to diversify. Chapter two explores how women are aging on the lands and the struggles the women are facing in attracting new members. The last chapter examines the mutual mistrust of me I found within both the feminist and academic communities, how I navigated that mistrust, and ultimately that mistrust offers insights into how both communities make compromises to sustain themselves.

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19

Swenson, Alan. "Issues and insights into the applicability of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009swensona.pdf.

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20

Marcott, Shaun Andrew. "A Tale of Three Sisters: Reconstructing the Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate record at Three Sisters Volcanoes, Oregon, United States." PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3386.

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At least four glacial stands occurred since 6.5 ka B.P. based on moraines located on the eastern flanks of the Three Sisters Volcanoes and the northern flanks of Broken Top Mountain in the Central Oregon Cascades. The youngest of these advances was the Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciation, which reached its maximum advance 150-200 yrs. B.P. and is defined by the large sharp crested and unvegetated moraines adjacent to the modern glaciers. In isolated locations less than 100 m downslope from these moraines, a second set of sparsely vegetated lateral moraines marks the Late-Neoglacial stand of the glaciers between 2.1 ± 0.4 and 7.7 ka B.P, A third set of Early-Neoglacial end moraines is 300-700 meters downslope of the modern glacier termini, and postdates 7.7 ka B.P. From SST temperature data (Barron et al., 2003) and a speleothem record (Vacco, 2003), we infer that this advance occurred between 4.5 and 6.5 ka B.P. Finally, the Fountonnor stand is marked by moraines 500-900 meters downslope of the modern glacier termini, and we infer these are latest Pleistocene or early Holocene. Modem equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) at the Three Sisters and Broken Top are approximately 2500 - 2600 m. During the LIA, the ELAs were 40 - 180 m lower, requiring cooler mean summer temperatures by 0.7 - 1.0°C and winter snowfall to increase by 10 - 60 cm water equivalent. The average Early Neoglacial and Fountonnor ELAs were 130 - 300 m and 290 - 320 m lower than modem glaciers, respectively, requiring air temperatures to be 0.7 - 1.6°C and 1.5 - 1.7°C cooler during the summer and winter snowfall to be 40 - 100 cm water equivalent and 90 - 100 cm water equivalent greater.

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21

Brennan, Timothy J. "Aligning Investigative and Enforcement Services (IES) with the Government Performance and Results Act." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2934. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 2 preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-66).

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22

Romero, Sergio. "The welfare reform crisis, 1988-1996 : an analysis of the conservative policy network's role in the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147834.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-188). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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23

Gaysunas, Megan. "The United States Financial Crisis of 2007: Where We're Headed Now." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1418594762.

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24

Rodríguez, Cesar H. "A critical analysis of immigration and terrorism in the USA Patriot Act of 2001 through political rhetoric." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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25

Apol, Michael Jay. "Getting away with murder : the forty year jurisdictional gap Over DoD civilians stationed overseas and the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000 /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA396061.

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26

Renaud, Tabitha. "Finding Worth in the Wilderness: The Abandonment of France and England's Earliest North American Colonies, 1534--1590." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28810.

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The earliest attempts of France and England to colonize North America were disappointments. The sixteenth century saw French attempts to colonize the St. Lawrence Valley (1541-3) and Northern Florida (1562-5) and English attempts to colonize Roanoke Island (1585-7). In all three cases, the venture's hopes of finding valuable resources or the Northwest Passage were not realized and colonization was not achieved. This dissertation will examine four major types of difficulties the French and English faced in Canada, Virginia and Florida in the sixteenth century. They are challenges of environment and adaptation; internal conflicts such as rivalry and mutiny; challenges of Amerindian relations and, finally, challenges of transportation and communication. The struggles of these abandoned colonies will be compared with those of permanent colonies such as Jamestown, Quebec, Port Royal, Hispaniola and New Spain. Particular emphasis will be placed on the early struggles of Samuel de Champlain in Canada and John Smith in Virginia. It will be demonstrated that these were standard challenges of colonization for successful and unsuccessful colonies alike and that they could be overcome eventually with enough effort, experimentation, men and materials. France and England did not stop their earliest North American colonization projects because the task was too difficult. Rather, there appeared to be no worthwhile reason to waste resources or to battle rival powers such as Spain to hold these territories at this time.

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27

Busse, Michele Conrady Chet Guy. "Got silk? buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.

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28

Heard, Joshua Andrews. "Late Pleistocene and Holocene Aged Glacial and Climatic Reconstructions in the Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington, United States." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/557.

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Eight glaciers, covering an area of 1.63 km2, reside on the northern and northeastern slopes of the Goat Rocks tallest peaks in the Cascades of central Washington. At least three glacial stands occurred downstream from these glaciers. Closest to modern glacier termini are Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines that were deposited between 1870 and 1899 AD, according to the lichenometric analysis. They are characterized by sharp, minimally eroded crests, little to no soil cover, and minimal vegetation cover. Glacier reconstructions indicate that LIA glaciers covered 8.29 km2, 76% more area than modern ice coverage. The average LIA equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 1995 ± 70 m is ~150 m below the average modern ELA of 2149 ± 76 m. To satisfy climate conditions at the LIA ELA, the winter snow accumulation must have been 8 to 43 cm greater and mean summer temperatures 0.2 to 1.3 ºC cooler than they are now. Late Pleistocene to early Holocene (LPEH) aged moraines are located between 100 and 400 m below the LIA deposits. They have degraded moraine crests, few surface boulders, and considerable vegetation and soil cover. Volcanic ashes indicate LPEH moraines were deposited before 1480 AD while morphometric data suggest deposition during the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. The average LPEH ELA of 1904 ± 110 m is ~ 240 m and ~90 m below the modern and LIA ELAs, respectively. The climate change necessary to maintain a glacier with an ELA at that elevation for LPEH conditions requires the winter accumulation to increase by 47 to 48 cm weq and the mean summer temperature to cool by 1.4 to 1.5 ºC. Last glacial maximum (LGM) moraines are located more than 30 km downstream from modern glacial termini. They are characterized by hummocky topography, rounded moraine crests, complete vegetation cover, and well developed soil cover. Moraine morphometry, soil characteristics, and distance from modern glacial termini indicate that deposition occurred at least 15 ka BP during an expansive cooling event, the last being the LGM. The LGM ELA of 1230 m is ~920 m below the modern ELA. The climate change necessary to maintain a glacier with an ELA at that elevation for LGM conditions requires the mean summer temperature to cool by 5.6 ºC with no change in precipitation.

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29

Samelson, Donald. "An empirical investigation of economic consequences of the Tax Reform Act of 1986." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165448/.

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30

HARRIS, BERKLEY HOPE. "THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT: AN ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE ACCESS IN THE UNITED STATES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612990.

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This paper examines the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by assessing if access to health care has improved through its implementation. The paper first explores the history of attempted healthcare reform and how it set up the ACA to pass Congress in 2010. It continues with an overview of the act to provide context for analysis of access-focused components of the legislation. Data is analyzed to conclude if access to health care has been increased by the ACA by looking at uninsured rates across different populations and participation of states in expansions of public programs like Medicaid. The paper concludes that access to health care in the United States has been improved through reforms in the Affordable Care Act.

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31

Taylor, Caysie Alisha. "Risk Management in United States Forest Service: National Environmental Policy Act Planning Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33376.

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The United States Forest Service planning processes, which are driven in large part by the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), are a part of all major (and some minor) land management decisions by the agency. The outcomes of these processes are the result of multiple factors, many related to the manifold smaller incremental decisions made by agency personnel directing the processes. Through qualitative review of 21 NEPA documents and 5 case study processes in which we interviewed decision makers, team leaders, and team members, this study examines those incremental decisions and the factors that drive them. Risk emerged as a dominant lens through which agency personnel weigh and make process-related decisions. We identify the different types of risk perceived by agency actors and the risk management strategies they employ. Our interviews suggest that different actors within the agency tend to assume responsibility for responding to different forms of risk associated with particular tasks. Most time and energy appears to be focused on minimizing process-related risks, especially those caused by external entities in the form of public opposition and threats of appeal/litigation, rather than resource-related threats. We discuss the potential implications of this focus and its associated strategies on organizational and social learning within agency planning processes, on adaptive ecosystem management, and internal agency relationships and morale.<br>Master of Science

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32

Maguire, John C. McCluskey-Titus Phyllis Baker Paul J. "Public institutions in higher education policies on the crime awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990 and the Federal Education and Right to Privacy Act (Buckley Amendment)." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064518.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed February 23, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Phyllis McCluskey-Titus, Paul Baker (co-chairs), James Palmer, W. Garry Johnson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-150) and abstract. Also available in print.

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33

Anderson, Eric. "Pimps and Ferrets: Copyright and Culture in the United States, 1831-1891." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1193529137.

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34

Rollins, Brett. "A comprehensive review of literature associated with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009rollinsb.pdf.

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35

Maurina, Mary. "Charcteristics [sic] of successful Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) participants in Minneapolis, Minnesota." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998maurinam.pdf.

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36

Dell, Jodi B. "Reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990." FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2767.

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The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 requires that employers provide "reasonable accommodations" for qualified individuals who have a disability, provided that doing so does not result in "undue hardship". There are several guidelines that employers have been given to evaluate the reasonableness of job accommodations. Unfortunately, these guidelines have been criticized as being vague and ambiguous. Specific factors considered when determining whether or not to grant an accommodation under the ADA have yet to be examined in psychological research. The current study evaluated the impact of cost of accommodations, position level of the employee, and attitudes of raters for their effects on judgements of the reasonableness of requests and on subjects' likelihood of honoring requests. Results showed that accommodations were rated as more reasonable and were recommended to be honored more often for higher level positions than for lower level positions. Measures of attitudes toward disabled persons, both in general and in the workplace, did not have many significant correlations with the dependent measures. Implications of the findings and ideas for future research are discussed.

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Busse, Michele Conrady. "Got Silk?: Buying, Selling, and Advertising British Luxury Imports During the Stamp Act Crisis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3993/.

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Despite the amount of scholarship on the Stamp Act Crisis, no study has used advertisements as a main source. This study attempts to show that a valuable, objective source has been overlooked, through the quantitative analysis of 5,810 advertisements before, during and after the Stamp Act Crisis from five port cities: Boston, Charleston, Philadelphia, New York, and Portsmouth. The findings reveal the colonists' strong connection to imported British luxury goods, and a lack of interest in American-made goods, especially before and after the boycott. Advertisements also demonstrate that the decision of many merchants to place the needs and expectations of their community before their own personal gain offered a rare economic opportunity for others. The colonists' devotion to imports tested the strength of the boycott, especially among Boston merchants, who continued to advertise imported goods a good deal more than any other city. This lack of dedication to the boycott on the part of the Boston merchants shows disunity among the colonies, at a time when many argue was the first instance of colonial nationalism. Capitalism challenged and undermined a commitment to communal sentiments such as nationalism. Moreover, if Americans did share a sense of nationhood during the Stamp Act Crisis, it cannot be gauged by a rejection of "Englishness."

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38

Yang, Victor. "Unleashing power : pathways to inclusion and representation in U.S. AIDS activist organisations : a comparative case study of political representation in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b51086e-cd00-4d92-b39a-2865219ea5a1.

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The thesis proposes a theory for the development of substantive representation among social movement organisations (SMOs). Substantive representation (SR) is the extent to which political institutions advance the policy interests of their constituents, in particular the most disenfranchised. Despite their noble proclamations, institutions of representative democracy often fail to advance the interests of groups who have been ignored and absent at the proverbial table. The thesis establishes a causal process to explain the divergence in SR outcomes among informal SMOs, or all-volunteer groups that disavow formal hierarchy in favour of egalitarian modes of decision-making. It utilises a case study of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), an umbrella organisation dedicated to ending the HIV/AIDS crisis in the United States and worldwide. It explains an anomalous story of SR attainment through the ACT UP Philadelphia chapter, compared to sister groups in New York City and Boston. The analysis draws from 92 semi-structured interviews, 13 months of participant observation, periodical review, and archival databases. ACT UP Philadelphia translated common SMO intentions of inclusivity into the uncommon rituals of practice. It forged a deliberate pipeline to invest not only in the presence but also the power of disenfranchised people with HIV, people too dark and poor to interest counterpart groups in other cities. Through an analytic retelling of ACT UP's history, the thesis argues that the fulfilment of SR depends on the ability of SMOs to appeal to member self-interest. Critically, SMOs can offer material incentives and nurture feelings of debt and obligation: causal steps to recruitment and sustainability of a heterogeneous membership. In building a crucial if contentious core of dissimilar people and partnerships, SMOs can unleash an oft-unrealised power for collective action and SR, by and for disenfranchised peoples who had thought change to be impossible.

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39

Runholt, Michael J. "Effect of the Americans with Disabilities Act upon the employment of persons with disabilities." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998runholtm.pdf.

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40

English, Ross M. "Legislation for clean water : Congress and the Water Quality Act of 1987." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301457.

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41

Kipfmeuller, Kurt F. "Fire-climate-vegetation interactions in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area, Idaho and Montana, United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280300.

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The long term patterns of fire-climate interactions and forest recovery processes in subalpine forests are poorly understood. This study used a suite of dendrochronological techniques to identify tree growth-climate relationships, assess the interactions of fire with interannual climate variability, and reconstruct summer temperature in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area on the border of Idaho and Montana, USA. Comparison of ring-width chronologies from whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and subalpine larch (Larix lyallii Parl.) with modern climate data indicated that summer temperatures were most limiting to growth in these conifers. Warm summers were generally conducive to radial growth. However, the temporal stability of the climate-tree growth relationship weakens from the early to later periods of the record. Alterations to growing season length, possibly modified by snow pack, may be related to the reduction in climate-growth relationships. A 748-year reconstruction of average summer temperature was developed that explains ≈36% of the variance of the instrumental record. Positive values of the coefficient of efficiency and reduction of error verification statistics indicated that the reconstruction was of good quality. Warm and cool periods in the reconstruction include a warm decade around the 1650s and prolonged cooling around 1700. Peaks in variance in reconstructed average summer temperature occurred at 87, 15, and 2 years. More than 2000 fire scar and age structure samples were used to evaluate fire-climate relationships. Comparison of widespread fire events to climate variables indicated dry conditions both during the fire year and one year before a fire. Multiple spatial patterns of drought and El Nino were related to widespread fire occurrence. Forest recovery following fires generally proceeds from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) toward spruce-fir forests (Picea engelmannii Parry- Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt.). Two successional pathways occur, one beginning with an initial lodgepole pine stage, the other a spruce-fir stage. Initial composition was related to the presence of overstory lodgepole pine at the time of fire occurrence as well as the intervals between successive fires. Collectively, these results suggest a strong multi-year drought linkage between climate and fire, and dependence on fire intervals for structuring forest communities.

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42

Trezevant, Robert Heath. "The effect of tax law changes on corporate investment and financing behavior: Empirical evidence from changes brought about by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184897.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between debt and investment-related tax shields using changes in these classes of tax shields scaled by expected operating earnings following the passage of the Economic Recovery Tax Act(ERTA) in 1981. The substitution effect predicts that a negative relationship between changes in the two classes of tax shields will be observed in response to the increased investment-related tax shields offered by ERTA. Debt tax shields should decrease following ERTA since the probability of losing the tax benefit of tax shields would rise as investment-related tax shields increased following ERTA. Firms' probability of losing the deductibility of tax shields is used to segregate the sample into two groups. For the group of firms with a low probability of losing the deductibility of tax shields, the substitution effect is inapplicable and the relation between changes in the two classes of tax shields simply represents the debt securability effect. Since fixed assets can be used as collateral for debt, the debt securability hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between changes in debt and investment-related tax shields after the passage of ERTA. The model developed to segregate debt securability from the substitution effect reveals that, as predicted, the debt securability effect is positive for all firms and that the substitution effect is negative for those firms with a large probability of losing the benefits of tax shields. This reverses the findings of prior research. Controls for pecking order theory effects are introduced into the model to assure that the substitution effect observed is not due to debt ratio as predicted by Myers (1984). The findings described above remain intact except that the debt securability effect does not exist and the substitution effect is weaker for high-debt firms. Furthermore, support is offered for the pecking order theory. These results are robust to alternate specifications of time periods tested, variable definitions, data screening criteria and model specifications.

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43

Ma, William. "Cost analysis of the United States Marine Corps Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) program." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401456.

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44

Lami, Marie-Pierre. "Is the Helms-Burton Act consistent with the international obligations of the United States." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0023/MQ50943.pdf.

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45

Nager, Cody. "Fear, Foreigners and Federalism: The Naturalization Act of 1790 and American Citizenship/foundering Friendship: French Disillusionment after the Battle of Yorktown." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639569.

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The Naturalization Act of 1790’s requirements of residency and “good character,” reveal that the First Congress set the limits on the access of immigrants to citizenship to mostly restrict European foreigners, rather than African Americans or Native Americans. These residency and “good character” clauses resulted from a combination of concerns regarding foreigners that came to prominence during the Confederation Period. Among these fears were the perceived abilities of immigrants to the gain control over land in the trans-Appalachian West and control over political influence in the unstable political order after the American Revolution. These worries about national stability were inflamed by long standing concerns over integration of immigrants on the basis of language or tendencies towards “monarchism,” which were seen as contrary to republican values. Using British legal understanding of subjecthood and naturalization, policymakers in the First Congress framed the Naturalization Act of 1790 as a narrower definition of citizenship derived from prejudice against foreign outsiders. The conception of the United States as an asylum for mankind came to ironic demise through the republican principles it sought to uphold. On October 22, 1782, a Westchester County sheriff entered the Crompond, New York headquarters of the French Expeditionary Force to the Americas to arrest General Rochambeau. The shocking treatment of Rochambeau revealed the increasing tensions in the Franco-American relations that began after the Battle of Yorktown and developed through the winter residence of the French Army in Williamsburg, Virginia. Historians of the Franco-American relationship, such as Durand Echeverria and Peter P. Hill, commonly suggest the beginning of the Confederation Period as the start of French disillusionment, relying on French views of confederation politics as “chaos or fears of an “imperial reconciliation” as motivation for the decline. However, a comparison in the rhetoric by the French Expeditionary Force over the winter at Newport in 1780-1781 and the winter in Williamsburg in 1781-1782 revealed that discourteous observations in journals of French officers dramatically increased. Additionally, the claims letters sent by common Virginians to the governor’s office suggest that the quartered French soldiers had worn out their welcome, even as the government officials attempted continuing displays of friendship. The process of Franco-American disillusionment occurred just after General Cornwallis’s defeat at Yorktown and the loss of a common American and French objective.

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46

Davis, Jack D. "Medicine, muckraking, and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 /." View online, 1988. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880620.pdf.

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47

Grover, Barbara L. "The Antiquities Act of 1906 : The Public Response to the Use of Presidential Power in Managing Public Lands." PDXScholar, 1998. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2427.

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President Clinton created Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument on September 17, 1996. The Antiquities Act of 1906 gives the president power to establish national monuments on public lands through presidential proclamation. The Act has been used to create national monuments in places such as Muir Woods, Grand Canyon, Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the 1978 Alaskan d-2 lands. Its use has also produced negative public response, manifested as demonstrations, lawsuits, and congressional bills. In spite of significant legal and legislative challenges, the Antiquities Act and most of the monuments established through its use remain. The negative public response to the Act and the monuments has not been able to dissuade presidents from using executive authority. In each of the controversial cases the scope of the Antiquities Act was expanded in regards to the values being protected, monument size, or land use. The public had little influence in reversing that expansion. The Antiquities Act was designed as a tool to provide protection to threatened lands. It has protected federal lands, and in many cases the national interest. The historic and scientific values of once controversial monuments such as the Grand Canyon, Muir Woods Mount Olympus, Jackson Hole, and the d-2 lands, are now indisputable. These monuments have evolved to represent part of our natural national heritage. Only time will tell if the same can be said for Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument.

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Martin, Daniel Gordon 1963. "The Archaeological Resources Protection Act, other federal legislation, and the protection of cultural resources in the United States." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276621.

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Within the past 100 years, the protection of archaeological and other cultural resources have fallen in part under federal jurisdiction. The role of federal legislation and regulations, with particular emphasis on the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA), is evaluated in terms of guidelines, application, and effectiveness. A history of federal legislation is presented, followed by an in-depth review and analysis of ARPA. The relevance and applicability of ARPA and other legislation is reviewed in terms of resource significance, definitions of archaeological material, logistics of law enforcement, and prosecution of violators. A case review is presented and analyzed. The roles of public archaeology and future legislation are discussed as they apply to continued efforts toward preservation of cultural resources.

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Docken, Staci. "The effects of the No Child Left Behind Act on the practice of testing students with limited English proficiency." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005dockens.pdf.

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50

Busse, Michele Conrady. "Got silk? : buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.

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