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Journal articles on the topic 'Wilderness areas Management'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Dolton, Theodore A., John P. Hoy, and Frederick Martin. "1.1.1 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN WILDERNESS AREAS MANAGEMENT." INCOSE International Symposium 5, no. 1 (1995): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01847.x.

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Fox, Rosemary. "Integration of Wilderness Values in Forestry and Wildlife Management." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (1985): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61163-2.

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The paper defines wilderness from a naturalist's point of view. It argues the need to preserve pure wilderness by reserving intact ecosystems where no human disturbance is allowed, and in wild lands generally, to implement forestry and wildlife management practices that maintain the natural diversity of species of a region. It adresses the problem of protecting wilderness values from overuse by recreationists, and the need to manage wilderness areas to avoid such overuse.

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Österlin, Carl, Peter Schlyter, and Ingrid Stjernquist. "Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093533.

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In the management of protected nature areas, arguments are being raised for increasingly integrated approaches. Despite an explicit ambition from the responsible managing governmental agencies, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Swedish National Heritage Board, attempts to initiate and increase the degree of integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management in the Swedish mountains are failing. The delivery of environmental policy through the Swedish National Environmental Objective called Magnificent Mountains is dependent on increased collaboration between the state and local stakeholders. This study, using a group model building approach, maps out the system’s dynamic interactions between nature perceptions, values and the objectives of managing agencies and local stakeholders. It is identified that the dominance of a wilderness discourse influences both the objectives and management of the protected areas. This wilderness discourse functions as a barrier against including cultural heritage conservation aspects and local stakeholders in management, as wilderness-influenced objectives are defining protected areas as environments “untouched” by humans. A wilderness objective reduces the need for local knowledge and participation in environmental management. In reality, protected areas depend, to varying degrees, on the continuation of traditional land-use practices.

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Gladden, James N. "Bioregionalism as an Arctic Wilderness Idea." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 3, no. 1 (1999): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853599x00045.

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AbstractA recurrent question in the modem world is the place of people in nature, and bioregionalism offers some ideas in the debate over the kinds of technology that belong in Arctic wilderness areas, with a focus on northern Alaska. Some interests argue that people should only visit these areas, on foot or by paddle, to achieve a wilderness experience. Rural residents, most of whom are Alaska Natives, hold that access to these lands by motorised vehicles is essential to maintain hunting and gathering traditions. The debate over managing wilderness areas in northern Alaska originates in conflicting views of the meaning of wilderness. A bioregional vision offers some common ground in the idea of wilderness as a place of respect for non-human life forms, but political conflicts will not be easily resolved.

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Ried, Andrés, María Jesús Monteagudo, Pelayo Benavides, Anne Le Bon, Stephanie Carmody, and Rodrigo Santos. "Key Aspects of Leisure Experiences in Protected Wilderness Areas: Notions of Nature, Senses of Place and Perceived Benefits." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083211.

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The main objective of this research was to contribute to the understanding of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas. This was pursued through the interpretation and analysis of three variables; the personal notion of “Nature”, perception of benefits, and senses of place put forward by resident and non-resident visitors to three protected wilderness areas in southern Chile. Through a post hoc qualitative, in-depth interview with 36 subjects, connections between the aforementioned variables were established. Among the results, the strength with which the romantic notion of Nature appears linked with leisure experiences was highlighted. With the latter, leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas were identified as the generators of “benefits” and “sense of place”. Finally, four key dimensions of leisure experiences in protected wilderness areas emerged: transcendence, perception of well-being, connection and environmental awareness.

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Saarinen, Jarkko. "What are wilderness areas for? Tourism and political ecologies of wilderness uses and management in the Anthropocene." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27, no. 4 (2018): 472–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1456543.

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Lesslie, Robert G., Brendan G. Mackey, and Kathryn M. Preece. "A Computer-based Method of Wilderness Evaluation." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029362.

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With ever-increasing demands being made on remote and natural lands, planners and managers require more detailed information than hitherto to assist them in monitoring the status of this wilderness resource and developing appropriate and effective management prescriptions. These requirements are addressed by a computer-based wilderness evaluation procedure that has been developed for a national wilderness survey of Australia.The methodology, based on the wilderness continuum concept (Lesslie & Taylor, 1985), places emphasis on measuring variation in wilderness quality by using four indicators that represent the two essential attributes of remoteness and naturalness. This permits a precise assessment to be made of the wilderness resource, revealing those factors which contribute to or compromise wilderness quality. The computer-based storage and analysis of data enables surveys to be conducted over large, even continental, areas, yet at a relatively fine level of resolution that is appropriate to localized planning needs.Trial application to the State of Victoria, Australia, demonstrates that the survey procedure can be successfully adapted to a wide range of environments, use-patterns, data-base characteristics, and management objectives, which should be applicable and very widely useful elsewhere.

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Rollins, Matthew G., Thomas W. Swetnam, and Penelope Morgan. "Evaluating a century of fire patterns in two Rocky Mountain wilderness areas using digital fire atlases." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 12 (2001): 2107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-141.

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Changes in fire size, shape, and frequency under different fire-management strategies were evaluated using time series of fire perimeter data (fire atlases) and mapped potential vegetation types (PVTs) in the Gila Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex (GALWC) in New Mexico and the SelwayBitterroot Wilderness Complex (SBWC) in Idaho and Montana. Relative to pre-Euro-American estimates, fire rotations in the GALWC were short during the recent wildfire-use period (19751993) and long during the pre-modern suppression period (19091946). In contrast, fire rotations in the SBWC were short during the pre-modern suppression period (18801934) and long during the modern suppression period (19351975). In general, fire-rotation periods were shorter in mid-elevation, shade-intolerant PVTs. Fire intervals in the GALWC and SBWC are currently longer than fire intervals prior to Euro-American settlement. Proactive fire and fuels management are needed to restore fire regimes in each wilderness complex to within natural ranges of variability and to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire in upper elevations of the GALWC and nearly the entire SBWC. Analyses of fire atlases provide baseline information for evaluating landscape patterns across broad landscapes.

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Davis, Janae. "Black faces, black spaces: Rethinking African American underrepresentation in wildland spaces and outdoor recreation." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 1 (2018): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618817480.

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The Wilderness Act of 1964 defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain”. It goes on to limit acceptable activities in designated wilderness areas to those associated with leisure, scenic viewing, education, and scientific inquiry. These precepts are the basis for federal wilderness management in national parks, national forests, national wildlife refuges, and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. They are derived from the interests and values held by the early environmental movement's predominantly white middle and upper class patrons, and imposed on diverse groups who may not hold the same views. This study examined how the imposition of wilderness management at Congaree National Park greatly restricted local African Americans' traditional fishing practices and how fishers made meaning of their displacement. Participants' experience of alienation is a result of their perceptions of racial discrimination in the park's preferential treatment of white visitors. This study argues that African American presence in the Great Outdoors is erased both materially and symbolically by racial bias in the Wilderness Act, a general lack of attention to black outdoor spaces, and the use of white outdoor values and pursuits as the criterion for which to assess African American outdoor ethos.

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Hawkins, Seth C., and R. Bryan Simon. "Ten Myths about Medical Emergencies and Medical Kits." Advances in Archaeological Practice 9, no. 1 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.47.

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ABSTRACTWilderness medicine is plagued by myths and dogmatic teachings not supported by evidence. This article focuses particularly on those teachings and tools that would be most likely used in archaeological fieldwork. It lays out 10 of the most common and concerning myths taught in wilderness medicine and wilderness emergency medical services, both in terms of first aid and preparation of medical kits. The myths described are provide a structure for the main purpose of the article: to explain interventions and medical kit contents that are more evidence based and supported by modern understandings of wilderness medicine and fieldwork risk management. The list of top 10 myths includes (1) the use of medications other than epinephrine for anaphylaxis and (2) the availability and proper use of epinephrine auto-injectors, (3) the use of suction devices and tourniquets for snakebites, (4) the use of spinal immobilization for neck injuries, (5) the identification and treatment of heat illnesses, (6) the use of CPR in remote areas, (7) the appropriateness of dislocation reduction in remote areas, (8) the use and choice of tourniquets for arterial bleeding, (9) the initial definition and management of drowning patients, and (10) wound management myths.

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Kagan, Neil. "Blazing a Path to Wilderness: A Case Study of Impact Litigation Through the Lens of Legislative History." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 11.1 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.11.1.blazing.

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Litigation can be a catalyst for legislation. Legislative history can reveal just how influential litigation is. The legislative history of the laws to designate wilderness in the 1980s provides an object lesson. It demonstrates that litigation both pushed Congress to act and shaped the legislation Congress enacted. This is especially true of the watershed year of 1984. That year, Congress enacted more wilderness laws and added more wilderness areas to the National Wilderness Preservation System in more states than in any other year. The legislative history of the 1984 wilderness laws embedded in bills, hearings, committee meetings, committee reports, and floor proceedings, in conjunction with the legislative history of the various wilderness bills and laws considered, rejected, and passed from 1979 through 1983, reveal the significant impact a particular lawsuit had on Congress in 1984 and beyond. Specifically, a lawsuit grounded in the National Environmental Policy Act, taking advantage of a powerful precedent, prompted the preservation of the wilderness character of millions of acres of public land. To be precise: The lawsuit impelled Congress to designate more than 9.171 million acres in twenty-three states as wilderness from 1984 through 1989. Of that number, more than 7.335 million acres are managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Forest Service; more than 1.835 million acres are managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management and the National Park Service. This article uses legislative history to demonstrate how a strategic lawsuit sparked congressional action. It traces the litigation engendered by the Forest Service’s decision regarding roadless areas in national forests and the evolution of Congress’s response to that litigation, from the first lawsuit filed in 1979 to the last filed in 1983. In the process, it shows how legislative history can illuminate the underlying causes and policy choices that lead to legislation.

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Forster, Nicola A., Susan C. Wilson, and Matthew K. Tighe. "Trail running events contribute microplastic pollution to conservation and wilderness areas." Journal of Environmental Management 331 (April 2023): 117304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117304.

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Kliskey, Andrew D., Christopher C. Hoogsteden, and Richard K. Morgan. "The application of spatial‐perceptual wilderness mapping to protected areas management in New Zealand." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 37, no. 4 (1994): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569408711987.

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Ireland, Michael. "Sustaining Indigenous Peoples in the Wilderness areas of Scandinavia and North-West Russia." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 3, no. 1 (2003): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15022250310001918.

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Robotham, Hugo, Jaime Perez-Kallens, and Matias Robotham. "FORECASTING THE INFLUX OF VISITORS TO STATE PROTECTED WILDERNESS AREAS IN CHILE." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, no. 10 (2013): 1947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.243.

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Flanagan, Thomas S., and Sharolyn Anderson. "Mapping perceived wilderness to support protected areas management in the San Juan National Forest, Colorado." Forest Ecology and Management 256, no. 5 (2008): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.007.

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Ferguson, Michael D., Alexander R. Caraynoff, Lauren A. Ferguson, et al. "Whether They Return: Modeling Outdoor Recreation Behaviors, Decision Making, and Intention-to-Return in Congressionally Designated Wilderness." Forests 13, no. 7 (2022): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071018.

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Visitation to parks and protected areas (PPAs) has become increasingly widespread in the United States. This increased visitation is especially concerning within congressionally designated wilderness areas where federal agencies are tasked with the dual mandate of preserving wilderness character while simultaneously providing high-quality outdoor recreation experiences. This study investigated the influence of social, situational, and ecological factors on outdoor recreation visitor behaviors and decision making within the Lye Brook Congressionally Designated Wilderness (LBW) area in Vermont, USA. An on-site intercept survey (n = 576) was employed to collect data from LBW visitors in the summer of 2021. Descriptive and multi-variate statistics (e.g., binary logistic regression, structural equation modeling) indicated that visitor behaviors (e.g., coping, substitution) and decision-making (e.g., intention-to-return) were significantly influenced by social (e.g., conflict), situational (e.g., litter, access), and ecological (e.g., trail conditions, weather) impacts. Moreover, the presence of various weather conditions was found to significantly influence the severity of perceived social, situational, and ecological impacts. Study results indicated that outdoor recreation experiences are multifaceted, necessitating a suite of social, situational, and ecological considerations, especially when examining the relationship between visitor coping behaviors and intention-to-return. This research advances the coping framework, provides empirical support for future examination of social–ecological system (SES) theory, and emphasizes the utility of employing an adaptive systems approach for sustainable PPA management.

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Eilers, J. M., D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and W. S. Overton. "Chemistry of lakes in designated wilderness areas in the western United States." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 12, no. 1 (1989): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00396724.

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Elliott, Katherine J., James M. Vose, Jennifer D. Knoepp, Dale W. Johnson, Wayne T. Swank, and William Jackson. "Simulated Effects of Sulfur Deposition on Nutrient Cycling in Class I Wilderness Areas." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 4 (2008): 1419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0358.

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Pahalawatta, Upuli, and Amanda Dawson. "An Introduction to Coastal Wilderness Medicine: BEACCHEs." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (2019): s142—s143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003169.

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Introduction:Beginning Education at Central Coast Hospitals (BEACCHEs) was developed as an experiential wilderness experience to assist with student exposure to new hazards when commencing at a coastal regional hospital. The coast has several hazards which are specific to the area.Aim:To provide students with first responder education for situations commonly encountered on the Central Coast.Methods:Sessions on first responder training specific to coastal and remote locations included: first aid and surf safety with the Ocean Beach Surf-Lifesaving Club and anti-venom education with the Australian Reptile Park. Education was provided regarding the transition from academic to clinical medicine including support and workload management. A two-day workshop was held on the Central Coast. Pre- and post-workshop surveys were conducted with a combination of matrix questions, Likert response scales, and long answer questions. Ethics was obtained. Both quantitative and qualitative responses were analyzed.Results:Excellent feedback regarding this program was received. All students reported an increase in knowledge in all three domains of critical medicine and evacuation issues, student health and workload management, and Central Coast community and environment. The areas of greatest knowledge in each of these domains were the management of surf incidents, signs and symptoms of PTSD, and Central Coast marine and ocean environment. A confidence increase was seen in responding effectively to an emergency, particularly, in response to improvisation in the field. All findings were statistically significant with all P-values <0.01.Discussion:The addition of BEACCHEs to the orientation of medical students at the Central Coast Medical School has demonstrated to be an effective program for allowing students to adjust more quickly to the new clinical environment. Following the success of this program, BEACCHEs is expected to become part of the new Junior Medical Officer orientation in 2019.

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de la Barre, Suzanne. "Wilderness and cultural tour guides, place identity and sustainable tourism in remote areas." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21, no. 6 (2013): 825–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.737798.

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Wang, Yeqiao, Zhong Lu, Yongwei Sheng, and Yuyu Zhou. "Remote Sensing Applications in Monitoring of Protected Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091370.

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Protected areas (PAs) have been established worldwide for achieving long-term goals in the conservation of nature with the associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Globally, 15% of the world’s terrestrial lands and inland waters, excluding Antarctica, are designated as PAs. About 4.12% of the global ocean and 10.2% of coastal and marine areas under national jurisdiction are set as marine protected areas (MPAs). Protected lands and waters serve as the fundamental building blocks of virtually all national and international conservation strategies, supported by governments and international institutions. Some of the PAs are the only places that contain undisturbed landscape, seascape and ecosystems on the planet Earth. With intensified impacts from climate and environmental change, PAs have become more important to serve as indicators of ecosystem status and functions. Earth’s remaining wilderness areas are becoming increasingly important buffers against changing conditions. The development of remote sensing platforms and sensors and the improvement in science and technology provide crucial support for the monitoring and management of PAs across the world. In this editorial paper, we reviewed research developments using state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies, discussed the challenges of remote sensing applications in the inventory, monitoring, management and governance of PAs and summarized the highlights of the articles published in this Special Issue.

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Fan, Liangxian, Jianjun Zhao, Yeqiao Wang, Zhoupeng Ren, Hongyan Zhang, and Xiaoyi Guo. "Assessment of Night-Time Lighting for Global Terrestrial Protected and Wilderness Areas." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (2019): 2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222699.

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Protected areas (PAs) play an important role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem integrity. However, human development has threatened and affected the function and effectiveness of PAs. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) night-time stable light (NTL) data have proven to be an effective indicator of the intensity and change of human-induced urban development over a long time span and at a larger spatial scale. We used the NTL data from 1992 to 2013 to characterize the human-induced urban development and studied the spatial and temporal variation of the NTL of global terrestrial PAs. We selected seven types of PAs defined by the International Union for Conversation of Nature (IUCN), including strict nature reserve (Ia), wilderness area (Ib), national park (II), natural monument or feature (III), habitat/species management area (IV), protected landscape/seascape (V), and protected area with sustainable use of natural resources (VI). We evaluated the NTL digital number (DN) in PAs and their surrounding buffer zones, i.e., 0–1 km, 1–5 km, 5–10 km, 10–25 km, 25–50 km, and 50–100 km. The results revealed the level, growth rate, trend, and distribution pattern of NTL in PAs. Within PAs, areas of types V and Ib had the highest and lowest NTL levels, respectively. In the surrounding 1–100 km buffer zones, type V PAs also had the highest NTL level, but type VI PAs had the lowest NTL level. The NTL level in the areas surrounding PAs was higher than that within PAs. Types Ia and III PAs showed the highest and lowest NTL growth rate from 1992 to 2013, respectively, both inside and outside of PAs. The NTL distributions surrounding the Ib and VI PAs were different from other types. The areas close to Ib and VI boundaries, i.e., in the 0–25 km buffer zones, showed lower NTL levels, for which the highest NTL level was observed within the 25–100 km buffer zone. However, other types of PAs showed the opposite NTL patterns. The NTL level was lower in the distant buffer zones, and the lowest night light was within the 1–25 km buffer zones. Globally, 6.9% of PAs are being affected by NTL. Conditions of wilderness areas, e.g., high latitude regions, Tibetan Plateau, Amazon, and Caribbean, are the least affected by NTL. The PAs in Europe, Asia, and North America are more affected by NTL than South America, Africa, and Oceania.

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Garland, Gerald G., Christine Hudson, and Jane Blackshaw. "An Approach to the Study of Path Erosion in the Natal Drakensberg, a Mountain Wilderness Area." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 4 (1985): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034457.

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Footpath erosion in mountain wilderness areas is generally undesirable, and maintenance and rehabilitation of eroded paths are costly. Although path erosion results from a complex interactioin between recreational and geomorphological forces and each path's resistance, the processes involved are not well understood.

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Jeffery, Michael I. "Terrestrial Area Management in Polar Regions: Applying the Eco-System-Based Approach to the Coalface of Climate Change." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 1, no. 1 (2009): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000009.

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Abstract This paper will outline the challenges for the protection of biodiversity and wilderness in the polar regions that are becoming increasingly evident from impacts attributed to climate change, globalisation and energy resource development. Although all of these impacts have significant adverse environmental consequences for fragile marine eco-systems, the terrestrial areas in these regions are also in danger of experiencing irreversible damage unless immediate attention is given to address the situation through a concerted and focused effort on the part of the several nations claiming sovereignty over these disputed areas. In particular, the paper will use the plight of the polar bear, that has just recently been designated as a ‘threatened’ specie under the US Endangered Species Act, as a case study of how terrestrial area management in polar regions must adapt to a rapidly changing set of parameters.

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Carruthers-Jones, Jonathan, Alice Eldridge, Patrice Guyot, Christopher Hassall, and George Holmes. "The call of the wild: Investigating the potential for ecoacoustic methods in mapping wilderness areas." Science of The Total Environment 695 (December 2019): 133797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133797.

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Lin, Lanny, Michael Roscheck, Michael Goodrich, and Bryan Morse. "Supporting Wilderness Search and Rescue with Integrated Intelligence: Autonomy and Information at the Right Time and the Right Place." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (2010): 1542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7573.

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Current practice in Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) is analogous to an intelligent system designed to gather and analyze information to find missing persons in remote areas. The system consists of multiple parts - various tools for information management (maps, GPS, etc) distributed across personnel with different skills and responsibilities. Introducing a camera-equipped mini-UAV into this task requires autonomy and information technology that itself is an integrated intelligent system to be used by a sub-team that must be integrated into the overall intelligent system. In this paper, we identify key elements of the integration challenges along two dimensions: (a) attributes of intelligent system and (b) scale, meaning individual or group. We then present component technology that offload or supplement many responsibilities to autonomous systems, and finally describe how autonomy and information are integrated into user interfaces to better support distributed search across time and space. The integrated system was demoed for Utah County Search and Rescue personnel. A real searcher flew the UAV after minimal training and successfully located the simulated missing person in a wilderness area.

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Tverijonaite, Edita, Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, and C. Michael Hall. "Renewable Energy in Wilderness Landscapes: Visitors’ Perspectives." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205812.

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Increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix is of crucial importance for climate change mitigation. However, as renewable energy development often changes the visual appearance of landscapes and might affect other industries relying on them, such as nature-based tourism, it therefore requires careful planning. This is especially true in Iceland, a country rich in renewable energy resources and a popular nature-based tourism destination. The present study investigated the potential impacts on tourism of the proposed Hverfisfljót hydropower plant by identifying the main attractions of the area as well as by analyzing visitors’ perceptions, preferences and attitudes, and the place meanings they assign to the landscape of the area. The data for the study were collected using onsite questionnaire surveys, interviews with visitors to the area, open-ended diaries, and participant observation. The results reveal that the area of the proposed power plant is perceived as wilderness by its visitors, who seek environmental settings related to the components of a wilderness experience. Visitors were highly satisfied with the present settings and preferred to protect the area from development to ensure the provision of currently available recreational opportunities. The results further show that the proposed Hverfisfljót hydropower plant would reduce the attractiveness of the area to its visitors, degrade their wilderness experience, and therefore strongly reduce their interest in visiting the area. Moreover, the participants perceived the already developed lowlands of the country as more suitable for renewable energy development than the undeveloped highland areas, which is in line with the principles of smart practices for renewable energy development.

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Marshall, Adrienne, Van Butsic, and John Harte. "The Phenology of Wilderness Use: Backcountry Recreation in a Changing Climate." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 2 (2018): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0087.1.

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Abstract Phenology studies are a critical tool for identifying the ways that changing climate affects species and ecosystems. Here, a phenological framework was used to assess the sensitivity of human behavior to temperature and hydroclimate variables that are likely to change as temperatures warm under twenty-first-century climate change. The timing of visitation to wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada was used as a case study. Visitation timing was assessed using a backcountry permit database and data collected from weblogs or blogs. Mean, earliest, and latest visitation dates were regressed against temperature, streamflow, and snowpack variables: seasonally averaged air temperatures, snow water equivalent (SWE) in spring months, center of timing (CT), and total annual flow. Mean visitation was sensitive to CT, total annual flow, April and May SWE, and spring and summer temperatures, with visitors advancing 0.20–0.28 days for each day advance in CT and 3.7 to 5.7 days for each degree Celsius increase in summer temperatures. Visitors appear to be partially sensitive to both hydroclimate and temperature, suggesting that visitation may occur earlier as spring snow decreases, but also that because of this partial sensitivity, visitors may interact with ecosystems in a different phenological stage as the climate warms. Managers of these areas should plan for changing timing of visitation and should also consider ways that visitors interacting with different hydroclimatic and ecosystem conditions may influence management strategies.

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Boyle, Kevin J., Robert Paterson, Richard Carson, et al. "Valuing shifts in the distribution of visibility in national parks and wilderness areas in the United States." Journal of Environmental Management 173 (May 2016): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.042.

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Richardson, Benjamin J., and Nina Hamaski. "Rights of Nature Versus Conventional Nature Conservation: International Lessons from Australia’s Tarkine Wilderness." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 3 (2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-201066.

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The rights-of-nature model is gaining traction as an innovative legal approach for nature conservation. Although adopted in several countries, it remains in its infancy, including in Australia. An important research question is whether rights of nature will offer superior environmental outcomes compared to traditional nature conservation techniques including creation of protected areas. This article investigates that question through a case study of the Tarkine wilderness, in the Australia state of Tasmania. It first identifies key lessons from existing international experience with affirmation of rights of nature, such as in New Zealand and Ecuador. The article then explores how rights of nature could apply in Australia’s Tarkine region and their value compared to existing or potential protected areas and other nature conservation measures under Australian or Tasmanian law. Affirming rights of nature represents a major conceptual shift in how people via the law relate to the natural world, but whether the model offers practical benefits for nature conservation depends on a variety of conditions, in addition to the need to address broader societal drivers of environmentaldegradation.

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Welch, Jilleah G., Charles B. Sims, and Michael L. McKinney. "Does an Urban Wilderness Promote Gentrification? A Case Study from Knoxville, Tennessee, USA." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020973.

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The Knoxville Urban Wilderness (KUW) is a successful example of a growing global movement to utilize vacant urban land as many cities “de-urbanize”. A key question is whether this particular kind of green space promotes social inequality via green gentrification. Our analysis shows how the KUW has affected nearby home prices. Socioeconomic data including income, educational attainment, and race is also presented to explore the possibility of gentrification in South Knoxville. Our findings do not support strong evidence of gentrification, which implies that lower-income households are benefiting from advances in environmental amenities. Other households in specific areas are benefiting from both increases in home values and from expansions of the KUW. These are encouraging results for urban planning efforts that seek to utilize large areas of vacant urban land while also having positive social and economic impacts.

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Hall, Troy E., and Tracy A. Farrell. "Fuelwood depletion at wilderness campsites: extent and potential ecological significance." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 3 (2001): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290100025x.

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Recreational camping in wilderness areas causes a number of biophysical impacts, including loss of woody debris through campfires. Although extensive research has documented trampling impacts to vegetation, few studies have explored the extent of woody material depletion. This study adapted planar transect methods to measure the relative loss of fine (<0.6 cm), small (0.6 to 2.5 cm), medium (2.6 to 7.6 cm) and large (>7.6 cm) diameter materials in three concentric rings extending 0–5 m, 5–10 m and 10–15 m from the centre of 58 campsites in different environments ranging in elevation from 1250 to 2225 m in the Cascades Mountains in Oregon, USA. Compared to matched controls, losses were greatest for small (40%) and medium-sized (63%) materials, but were evident for fine (25%) and large (30%) materials as well. Surprisingly, depletion (across all sizes) was no greater in the centre of sites than in the outer measurement ring, even though the outer ring was often in intact vegetation. This suggests that impacts on woody debris extend beyond those impacts to vegetation typically monitored at campsites. Such recreational impacts to woody debris have rarely been systematically described. However, research on woody debris removal related to forest management indicates possible ecological effects of fuelwood consumption.

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Smith, David B., Byron R. Berger, and Richard M. Tosdal. "Geochemical studies in the Indian Pass and Picacho Peak Bureau of Land Management Wilderness study areas, imperial county, Southern California." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 28, no. 1-3 (1987): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90064-1.

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Aiken, S. Robert. "Struggling to Save Malaysia's Endau–Rompin Rain Forest, 1972–92." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 2 (1993): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037668.

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The protracted dispute over the fate of the Endau-Rompin rain-forest in southern Peninsular Malaysia is outlined. Attention is focused on why a proposal to create an Endau-Rompin national park was eventually abandoned, on what has been done of late to protect the wilderness region, and on what has been learned from the dispute. The main points are as follows:1. Endau-Rompin is one of the last-remaining extensive tracts of largely undisturbed rain-forest in southern Peninsular Malaysia.2. The Third Malaysia Plan 1976–1980 incorporated an earlier proposal to create a national park in the Endau-Rompin region.3. A controversy erupted in 1977 when the state govern ment of Pahang approved a logging concession in the core area of the proposed park.4. Logging ceased in 1978, but in spite of the preparation of a preliminary management plan and the passage of the National Parks Act (both in 1980), a national park was not created.5. The 1985–6 ‘Malaysian Heritage and Scientific Expedition’ to Endau—Rompin focused a great deal of public attention on the wilderness region, but still a national park was not created.6. In mid-1987 it was announced that there would be two adjoining state parks, not a national park, in the Endau-Rompin region.7. The proposal to create a national park came to nothing because Pahang and Johor were unwilling to surrender their jurisdiction over their respective components of the required land to the Federal Government, and because the latter made no attempt to acquire the land in the national interest.8. A state park has been established in the Johor part of the wilderness region, but the promised adjoining state park in Pahang has yet to be established. It would appear that the two parts of the protected area will be managed separately, with eco-tourism as an important focus.9. For more than fifteen years the Malayan Nature Society has played a key role in the struggle to save the wilderness region.10. The Endau-Rompin dispute revealed that NGOs such as the Malayan Nature Society can play a key role in the environmental arena, that ever-increasing competition for scarce natural resources makes it increasingly unlikely that new protected areas will be established, and that the protection and management of Malaysia's natural heritage is greatly confounded by the constitutional division of powers between the Federal and state governments.

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Morgan, Penelope, Andrew T. Hudak, Ashley Wells, et al. "Multidecadal trends in area burned with high severity in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area 1880–2012." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 11 (2017): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17023.

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Multidecadal trends in areas burned with high severity shape ecological effects of fires, but most assessments are limited to ~30 years of satellite data. We analysed the proportion of area burned with high severity, the annual area burned with high severity, the probability areas burned with high severity and also the area reburned (all severities and high burn severity only) over 133 years across 346265ha within the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) Area in Idaho, United States. We used burn severity class inferred from digitised aerial photography (1880–2000) and satellite imagery (1973–2012). Over this long record, the proportion burned with high severity did not increase, despite extensive area burned in recent decades. Much greater area burned with high severity during the Early (1880–1934) and Late (1975–2012) periods than during the Middle period (1935–1974), paralleling trends in area burned. Little area reburned with high severity, and fires in the Early period limited the extent of fires burning decades later in the Late period. Our results suggest that long-term data across large areas provides useful context on recent trends, and that projections for the extent and severity of future fires must consider prior fires and fire management.

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Moya, Daniel, Giacomo Certini, and Peter Z. Fulé. "Fire regime and ecosystem responses: adaptive forest management in a changing world (Part 2)." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 7 (2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wfv28n7_fo.

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Fire is an ecological factor in ecosystems around the world, made increasingly more critical by unprecedented shifts in climate and human population pressure. The knowledge gradually acquired on the subject is needed to improve fire behaviour understanding and to enhance fire management decision-making. This issue (Volume 28, issue 7, International Journal of Wildland Fire) is Part 2 of a special issue aimed at synthesising ongoing research on preventive management and post-fire restoration, including characterisation of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) and assessing the post-fire restoration of wilderness and WUI areas. Landscape management was also investigated using remote sensing techniques and simulation modelling to improve ecosystem resilience. As in Part 1 (Volume 28, issue 5, International Journal of Wildland Fire), the current issue covers diverse forest settings under scenarios of changing climate and land use. The broad geographical range of these studies highlights key similarities of wildfire issues around the world, but detailed data show unique local circumstances that must be considered. The new information from these six papers helps advance fire ecology and management during a period of rapid change.

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Iniguez, Jose M., Alexander M. Evans, Sepideh Dadashi, et al. "Comparing Geography and Severity of Managed Wildfires in California and the Southwest USA before and after the Implementation of the 2009 Policy Guidance." Forests 13, no. 5 (2022): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050793.

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Managed wildfires, i.e., naturally ignited wildfires that are managed for resource benefits, have the potential to reduce fuel loads, minimize the effects of future wildfires, and restore critical natural processes across many forest landscapes. In the United States, the 2009 federal wildland fire policy guidance was designed to provide greater flexibility in the use of managed wildfires, but the effects of this policy on wildfires in the western US are not yet fully understood. Our goal was to compare managed and full suppression wildfires and to also analyze the differences between managed wildfires across space (Arizona/New Mexico and California) and time (before and after 2009) using four metrics for each wildfire: (1) distance to wilderness, (2) distance to the wildland–urban interface (WUI), (3) the percentage of area burned with high severity, and (4) the number of land management agencies. Across the study area, we found that managed wildfires were significantly closer to wilderness areas, were farther from the WUI, had a lower percentage of area that was burned at high severity, and had fewer agencies involved in managing the fire compared to full suppression wildfires. In California, managed wildfires occurred closer to wilderness and had a larger percentage of high-severity burn area compared to those in the southwest US (Arizona and New Mexico). Within each region, however, there were no significant geographic differences between managed wildfires before and after the implementation of the 2009 policy guidance. Despite the greater flexibility of the 2009 policy guidance, the basic geographic properties of managed wildfires in these two regions have not changed. As the climate warms and droughts intensify, the use of managed wildfires will need to expand during favorable weather conditions in order to address the threat of large and uncharacteristic wildfires to people and ecosystems.

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Darling, Eliza. "The City in the Country: Wilderness Gentrification and the Rent Gap." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 6 (2005): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37158.

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In this paper I explore the efficacy of applying Neil Smith's theory of the rent gap to rural gentrification in New York State's Adirondack Park, making three central claims. In the first place, although the underlying impetus for both rural and urban gentrification (namely, the maximization of profit on the part of a variety of gentrifying agents from individual owner-occupants to large-scale developers) is essentially the same, some fundamental differences between the determination of what constitutes ‘undercapitalized’ ground rent in the city and the wilderness leads to subsequent differences in the geographical expression of gentrification in each area. In the second, the unique land-management practices instituted by the State of New York in this region have set up the conditions for a singular type of disinvestment not typically found in the city, rendering disinvestment a central aspect of Adirondack gentrification but in a different way than the disinvestment which anchors Smith's argument. Finally, I argue that the ‘postproductivist’ theories which have recently gained currency in the extant rural gentrification literature are not applicable to the empirical realities of Adirondack land use, suggesting that rural areas themselves may be sufficiently differentiated to render the idea of an overarching, homogeneous ‘rural gentrification’ suspect and pointing to the need for a more refined and specific set of labels to indicate a variety of landscape-specific gentrification models in the hinterlands.

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Edirisinghe, Gayan, Thilina Surasinghe, Dinesh Gabadage, et al. "Chiropteran diversity in the peripheral areas of the Maduru-Oya National Park in Sri Lanka: insights for conservation and management." ZooKeys 784 (September 12, 2018): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.25562.

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In Sri Lanka, there are 31 species of bats distributed from lowlands to mountains. To document bat diversity and their habitat associations, 58 roosting sites in Maduru-Oya National Park periphery were surveyed. Fifteen bat species were recorded occupying 16 different roosting sites in this area. Among all the species recorded, Rhinolophusrouxii was the most abundant species per roosting site whereas Kerivoulapicta was the least abundant. A road-kill specimen similar to genus Phoniscus was found during the survey, a genus so far only documented in Southeast Asia and Australasia. Although our study area provided habitats for a diverse chiropteran community, the colony size per roost was remarkably low. Although our study area is supposedly a part of the park’s buffer zone, many anthropogenic activities are threatening the bat community: felling large trees, slash-and-burn agriculture, excessive use of agrochemicals, vengeful killing, and subsidized predation. We strongly recommend adoption of wildlife-friendly sustainable land management practices in the buffer zone such as forest gardening, agroforestry (alley cropping, mixed-cropping), and integrated farming. Bat conservation in this region should take a landscape-scale conservation approach which includes Maduru-Oya National Park and other surrounding protected areas into a regional conservation network. Extents of undisturbed wilderness are dramatically declining in Sri Lanka; thus, future conservation efforts must be retrofitted into anthropocentric multiuse landscapes and novel ecosystems like areas surrounding Maduru-Oya National Park.

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Ice, George G., Jeff Light, and Maryanne Reiter. "Use of Natural Temperature Patterns to Identify Achievable Stream Temperature Criteria for Forest Streams." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (2004): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.4.252.

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Abstract Almost 90% of the streams listed on the EPA's nationwide database as water-quality impaired for temperature are in the Northwest. Historic records, monitoring of streams in federal wilderness areas in Oregon, and available data for least-impaired streams in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho show that many of these streams cannot achieve state temperature criteria. Forest management often is cited as a cause for increased stream temperature above state standards. The expectation that all forested streams should be below state targets has led to unnecessary listing of streams as impaired, wasting limited watershed protection resources. State water-quality programs should base water temperature criteria on natural patterns of stream temperature and on factors that have biological relevance to beneficial uses. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):252–259.

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Bauer, Nicole, Monica Vasile, and Maria Mondini. "Attitudes towards nature, wilderness and protected areas: a way to sustainable stewardship in the South-Western Carpathians." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 5-6 (2017): 857–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1382337.

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Lovenshimer, Joseph B., and Michael D. Madritch. "Plant Community Effects and Genetic Diversity of Post-fire Princess Tree (Paulownia tomentosa) Invasions." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 2 (2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.14.

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Many naturalized populations of the invasive tree princess tree exist in North America, yet little research has quantified its effect on native plant communities. A series of recent wildfires in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area (LGWA) promoted multiple large-scale princess tree invasions in this ecologically important area. To measure community shifts caused by these princess tree invasions across burn areas, we sampled vegetation in paired invaded and noninvaded plots in mature and immature invasions within two burn areas of the LGWA. Plant community composition shifted in response to princess tree invasion across all invasion stages and burn areas. Species richness and Shannon diversity values decreased in invaded plots. Overall community structure also differed in invaded plots within immature invasions (P=0.004). The distribution of princess tree age classes in both burn areas indicates that fire promotes invasion but is not necessary for subsequent recruitment. Additionally, preliminary genetic analyses among distinct princess tree populations revealed very low genetic diversity, suggesting that a single introduction may have occurred in the LGWA. This information regarding community shift and strong post-fire recruitment by princess tree may inform management decisions by prioritizing princess tree control immediately after wildfires and immediately before and after prescribed burns.

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Christiansen, Rowena. "First Aid Management of Hypothermia and Cold Injuries." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (2019): s132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002887.

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Introduction:Best practice first aid management of accidental hypothermia and cold injuries in the prehospital setting is relevant for disaster management in cold environments as well as for wilderness and expedition medicine, and space medicine. In the Australasian context, guidance is currently taken from the Australian Resuscitation Council (“ARC”) Guidelines dealing with these issues.Aim:To review and update the recommendations of the ARC Guideline 9.3.3 Hypothermia: First-Aid Management (February 2009) and ARC Guideline 9.3.6 Cold Injury (March 2000).Method: The review is being undertaken through a combination of a focused literature review and expert opinion. Through the author’s membership of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (“ICAR”) Alpine Emergency Medicine Commission, two northern-hemisphere experts on hypothermia have reviewed the guidelines and provided commentary and recommendations.Results:Much of the literature around accidental hypothermia and cold injuries (including frostbite, frostnip, and chilblains), relies on expert opinion and case studies. There are relatively few randomized controlled trials, and these are often confined to the laboratory setting. As a result, there is a heavier reliance on expert opinion than in any other areas of medicine.Discussion:This presentation will summarize the current best practice recommendations for the first aid management of accidental hypothermia and cold injuries through combining the existing ARC Guidelines with key advances identified through the literature review, and the key management recommendations stemming from expert opinion. This will provide attendees with a cohesive set of clinical practice recommendations which can be used in the field.

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Witkowski, Zbigniew. "The Białowieża Forest controversy in the light of the world dispute in conservation biology." Forest Research Papers 78, no. 4 (2017): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2017-0039.

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Abstract The controversy between naturalists and foresters on the management of the Białowieża Forest is one of numerous disputes in conservation biology. Cause of the dispute is a difference in stand-point on the purpose of nature conservation. Biocentrists (Soulé 1985) argue that the only goal should be to preserve natural processes as well as endangered ecosystems and species. Anthropocentrists on the other hand (Kareiva, Marvier 2012) support conservation as a need of mankind, that is, the sustainable support of ecosystem services with the protection of species and ecosystems simply being a side effect. Another important factor in the dispute is the management of bark beetle mass outbreaks. Foresters try to control this by removing the infested trees, but naturalists protest against this practice. However, in 2013, the European Commission clearly presented its statement in this regard (EU Guidelines on Wilderness in Natura 2000); and thus, the dispute has only shown that none of the debating parties are familiar with the EU guidelines. According to the author, the more serious problem of messy organization of the Białowieża Forest conservation is rarely raised in the dispute. Multiple protected areas were established in the forest based on six different law forms for nature conservation and two forms of international origin. Such surplus of forms and areas leads to chaos and hinders the management of this valuable area.

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Davidsson, Åsa, Magnus Johansson, and Carl Bonander. "Desirable Effects from Disturbance Ecology—A Paradox within Conservation Management." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137049.

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The importance of natural disturbances for biodiversity is well-documented in the disturbance ecology literature. Natural disturbances such as fire, wind, and flooding strongly influence ecosystems by creating short and long-term ecological processes. Conservation management of protected areas should consider the importance of natural disturbances since natural shifts in ecosystems are, in a long-term perspective, necessary to maintain high biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to explore how and if natural disturbances are incorporated in the management of Swedish national parks and to identify possible examples of barriers for this incorporation. The design of the study is a multiple comparative case study based on a document study and completed with qualitative interviews. The cases consist of propositions and management plans for 15 Swedish national parks established between 1962 and 2018. The document analysis generated four main categories: historic/future and positive/negative perceptions of natural disturbances. The results indicate that there are positive perceptions concerning the inclusion of disturbance ecology in the management of national parks. However, there are also obstacles and challenges around natural disturbances within Swedish national parks. These obstacles are, in some cases, explained by practical implications such as the closeness to surrounding societies and in others explained by paradoxes such as visitors’ perceptions of national parks and the wilderness.

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Refaai, Mohamad Reda A., Dhruva R. Rinku, I. Thamarai, S. Meera, Naresh Kumar Sripada, and Simon Yishak. "An Enhanced Drone Technology for Detecting the Human Object in the Dense Areas Using a Deep Learning Model." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 13, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4162007.

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During the recent decade, emerging technological and dramatic uses for drones were devised and accomplished, including rescue operations, monitoring, vehicle tracking, forest fire monitoring, and environmental monitoring, among others. Wildfires are one of the most significant environmental threats to wild areas and forest management. Traditional firefighting methods, which rely on ground operation inspections, have major limits and may threaten firefighters’ lives. As a result, remote sensing techniques, particularly UAV-based remotely sensed techniques, are currently among the most sought-after wildfire-fighting approaches. Current improvements in drone technology have resulted in significant breakthroughs that allow drones to perform a wide range of more sophisticated jobs. Rescue operations and forest monitoring, for example, demand a large security camera, making the drone a perfect tool for executing intricate responsibilities. Meanwhile, growing movement of the deep learning techniques in computer vision offers an interesting perspective into the project’s objective. They were used to identify forest fires in their beginning stages before they become out of control. This research describes a methodology for recognizing the presence of humans in a forest setting utilizing a deep learning framework and a human object detection method. The goal of identifying human presence in forestry areas is to prevent illicit forestry operations like illegal access into forbidden areas and illegal logging. In recent years, a lot of interest in automated wildfire identification utilizes UAV-based visual information and various deep learning techniques. This study focused on detecting wildfires at the beginning stages in forest and wilderness areas, utilizing deep learning-based computer vision algorithms that control and then mitigate massive damages to human life and forest management.

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Boillat, Sébastien, Jean-David Gerber, Christoph Oberlack, Julie Zaehringer, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, and Stephan Rist. "Distant Interactions, Power, and Environmental Justice in Protected Area Governance: A Telecoupling Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113954.

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Equity has become a major concern in efforts to conserve nature. However, in the Global South, inequitable social impacts of conservation usually prevail. We investigate barriers to equitable governance of four protected areas through an innovative approach linking the tri-dimensional framing of environmental justice with the notion of telecoupling. We conceptualize the creation, support, and implementation of protected areas as telecoupling processes that involve flows, actors, and action situations, and assess them based on a set of indicators of procedural justice, distributive justice, and recognition. We perform the analysis for parallel or competing telecoupling processes that affect the areas and we then investigate the scope and reach of resistance actions to attain more equitable outcomes. Identified barriers include dependence of the PAs on transnational financial flows, presence of competing extractive demands, negative narratives on local practices, wilderness and Malthusian framings, authoritarian rule, narrow development options, and socio-cultural discrimination. These combined barriers create multiple forms of exclusion. Resistance actions are likely to succeed when actors can mobilize alliances and resources across distance. We conclude that justice framings can make power relationships in telecouplings more visible, and that considering distant interactions can elucidate causes of (in)equity in conservation.

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Bowman, Kathryn, and G. Minshall. "Ecological Responses of Stream Ecosystems Ten Years After Disturbance by Wildfire." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 22 (January 1, 1998): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1998.3361.

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Wildfire is a major large-scale disturbance that profoundly influences stream ecosystems over broad spatial and temporal scales. Research has focused primarily on short-term effects, with most data collected within the first few months or years following wildfire. We determined the ecological conditions of 13 streams (10 burned, 3 unburned) 10 years after major fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), in order to determine the mid-term responses of stream ecosystems to wildfire. Information from this study is critical to the basic understanding of the role of wildfires in the flowing water systems of wilderness areas and national parks. In addition, this information will be helpful in the formulation of future fire policies and resource management approaches in public forests, wilderness areas, and parks and will provide educational and interpretive information to aid the public and its representatives in better understanding the importance of fire in natural ecosystems. Differences among burned streams in chemical properties were related to local geology and not to the effects of fire. Stream habitat measurements indicated that there was more fine sediment in the burned headwater streams compared to the reference streams and that burned mid-size streams were wider and shallower than the comparable sized reference stream. Benthic macroinvertebrate density was higher and percent Ephemeroptera-PlecopteraÂTrichoptera was lower in the burned streams than in the reference. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of smaller, more vagile taxa, suggesting a shift in community structure from K- to rÂ strategists. However, these differences did not exist for taxa richness or biomass, indicating that metabolic compensation accompanied the change in community structure. Mid-term recovery appears to be delayed in YNP streams as a result of increased precipitation and runoff in recent years. These results indicate that significant changes are still occurring in these streams ten years after the fires; these impacts and trends are expected to be even more apparent when the patterns over the whole ten years are examined.

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Eagleston, Holly, and Jeffrey L. Marion. "Sustainable campsite management in protected areas: A study of long-term ecological changes on campsites in the boundary waters canoe area wilderness, Minnesota, USA." Journal for Nature Conservation 37 (June 2017): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2017.03.004.

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