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1
Morris, B. "Wildlife Conservation in Malawi." Environment and History 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734001129342513.
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Carbyn, Lu, Robin Leech, and Gary Ash. "The Evolution of Biological Societies in Alberta." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i4.1104.
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At present, four organizations serve biologists in Alberta: The Alberta Chapter of the Wildlife Society (ACTWS), The Alberta Native Plants Council (ANPC), The Alberta Society of Professional Biologists (ASPB), and The Canadian Society of Environmental Biologists (CSEB). Only the ASPB is a professional regulatory organization, two of the others (CSEB and ACTWS) have their origins in the Canadian Society of Wildlife and Fisheries Biologists (CSWFB) while ANPC is a non-regulatory society with independent origin. A fifth organization, the Canadian Chapter of Society for Conservation Biology, is being organized through initiatives resulting from the 24th International Congress for Conservation Biology, held in Edmonton in July 2010. Its role in Canada is not yet defined. The first biological society to function in Alberta was a chapter of The Canadian Society of Wildlife and Fisheries Biologists (CSWFB). After 10 years this organization morphed into the CSEB when the hopes of creating a professional status faded. This change forced the CSPB towards forming a professional voice on resource use, and towards a communication medium for biological resource management. Biological consulting firms proliferated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, coinciding with provincial and federal governments forming departments of the environment. Pressures from these events created a perceived need by some biologists for a self-regulating, professional organization, which comes under provincial jurisdiction. To this end, the Alberta Society of Professional Biologists (ASPB) formed in 1975, and in 1991 received its Professional Biologist title status (P.Biol.) for members under the Societies Act of Alberta. The Alberta Chapter of The Wildlife Society (ACTWS) was formed in 1989; its focus was on research, science and wildlife management.
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Odland, Maria Lisa, Oda Vallner, Marlen Toch-Marquardt, and Elisabeth Darj. "Women Do Not Utilise Family Planning According to Their Needs in Southern Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084072.
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Malawi is a low-income country with a high maternal mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the use of contraception and factors associated with unmet need of family planning among fertile women in selected health facilities in southern Malawi. A cross-sectional study design was employed using a validated questionnaire to investigate the unmet need. A total of 419 pregnant women, who attended antenatal clinics at a central hospital and two district hospitals, voluntarily participated in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible factors associated with unmet needs. Amongst the participants, 15.1% reported unmet need, 27.0% had never used a contraceptive method, and 27.2% had an unwanted pregnancy. Being married, 20–24 years of age, living in a rural area, and high parity were protective factors against having unmet need regarding family planning. Malawi, a country with a young population and a high fertility rate, has a high level of unmet family planning need. Barriers and facilitators need to be identified and addressed at different levels by the health care system, society, and the government of Malawi.
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Ivanova, Svetlana. "Indicators of Sustainable Use of Wildlife: Problems of Formation and Implementation in the Russian Federation." Problemy Ekorozwoju 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.2.13.
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This article examines the legal category sustainable use of wildlife as a process of realization of rights and obligations by the subjects, based on the provisions of the Concept of Sustainable Development, International law and National legislation on wildlife. This process is aimed at ensuring biological diversity, achieving a balance of economic, environmental and social interests of the citizens, society and the state as a whole, the process, as well as to preserve the reproductive ability of the animal world. Based on the analysis of certain provisions of the legislation on wildlife and law enforcement practice, the author makes a conclusion that Russia lacks a complex system of legal support measures for the sustainable use of wildlife. Legal, economic, ideological, organizational measures, proposed by the author of the article will make it possible to use wildlife in such a way, that will preserve and increase the number of wildlife populations, maintain an ecological balance, and ensure the needs in favorable environment for life and health for the present and future generations. The measures proposed by the author can create the legal basis for sustainable management of wildlife. The author suggests, that these measures can be useful in developing national programs for sustainable use of wildlife; providing incentives for the transition to sustainable use; strengthening the dialogue between the authorities and the population in order to involve them into the process of sustainable use of wildlife, so that to ensure a balance of economic, environmental and social interests.
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Batura, Rekha, and Tim Colbourn. "A stitch in time: narrative review of interventions to reduce preterm births in Malawi." International Health 12, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz101.
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Abstract Background The rising rate of preterm births (PTBs) is a global concern, and Malawi has a high rate of PTBs (10.5%). The resulting neonatal and under-5 mortality, morbidity and lifelong disability represent a significant loss of human potential affecting individuals, families and society as a whole. This study aims to review the literature to determine the risk factors for PTB in Malawi and to identify effective interventions to prevent PTBs. Methods A literature search yielded 22 studies that were categorized according to risk factors implicated for PTBs and health interventions to reduce the risks. Results The study has shown that maternal pregnancy factors, infections, nutrition, anaemia and young maternal age are the main causes and risk factors of PTBs in Malawi. The literature revealed no evidence of community-based interventions for reducing the rates of PTBs in Malawi. Conclusions Any successful effort to reduce the rate of PTBs will require a multisector, multilevel strategy targeted at the community, homes and individuals as a package to improve the education, nutrition and reproductive health of girls and women as well as focus on improving the delivery of antenatal services in the community.
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Lowe-McConnell, Rosemary. "A Guide to the Fishes of Lake Malawi National Park Digby Lewis, Peter Reinthal and Jasper Trendall World Wildlife Fund, Gland, 1986, 71 pp, HB US $14, PB US $, plus postage. Obtainable from National Fauna Preservation Society of Malawi, c/o PO Box 46, Monkey Bay, Malawi. (All proceeds go to conservation projects in Malawi.)." Oryx 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027861.
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Ogunleye, Foluke. "Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative." African Issues 32, no. 1-2 (2003): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006600.
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The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.
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Arnold, Kathryn E., Alistair B. A. Boxall, A. Ross Brown, Richard J. Cuthbert, Sally Gaw, Thomas H. Hutchinson, Susan Jobling, et al. "Assessing the exposure risk and impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment on individuals and ecosystems." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 20130492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0492.
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The use of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals is increasing. Over the past decade, there has been a proliferation of research into potential environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment. A Royal Society-supported seminar brought together experts from diverse scientific fields to discuss the risks posed by pharmaceuticals to wildlife. Recent analytical advances have revealed that pharmaceuticals are entering habitats via water, sewage, manure and animal carcases, and dispersing through food chains. Pharmaceuticals are designed to alter physiology at low doses and so can be particularly potent contaminants. The near extinction of Asian vultures following exposure to diclofenac is the key example where exposure to a pharmaceutical caused a population-level impact on non-target wildlife. However, more subtle changes to behaviour and physiology are rarely studied and poorly understood. Grand challenges for the future include developing more realistic exposure assessments for wildlife, assessing the impacts of mixtures of pharmaceuticals in combination with other environmental stressors and estimating the risks from pharmaceutical manufacturing and usage in developing countries. We concluded that an integration of diverse approaches is required to predict ‘unexpected’ risks; specifically, ecologically relevant, often long-term and non-lethal, consequences of pharmaceuticals in the environment for wildlife and ecosystems.
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Ndumeya, Noel. "Conserving Wildlife Resources in Zimbabwe: Reflections on Chirinda Forest, 1920s-1979." Environment and History 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 413–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15254461646576.
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This article uses Chirinda Forest as a lens through which to view wildlife conservation policy and practice in colonial Zimbabwe. Situated in eastern Zimbabwe, Chirinda Forest was unique in that, though located in a typical savannah climate, it was a tropical rainforest and the only one of its kind in Zimbabwe. The article examines the structure, variety, maturity and density of the forest's trees. It describes its diverse game and water systems and contrasts the forest's traditional and modern ownership patterns. It also traces how the state acquired this forest and sought to conserve it for aesthetic, scientific, educational and recreational reasons - processes that set the state on a collision course with African communities surrounding this forest, who valued it as a source for timber, firewood, medicine, game and other resources. Drawing on the history of Chirinda Forest, the study questions the appropriateness and effectiveness of colonial conservation policies while exploring the strategies adopted by the marginalised sections of society clandestinely to access wildlife resources from this forest.
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Webb, S., R. Taalman, R. Becker, K. Onuma, and Koichi Igarashi. "Risk perception: A chemical industry view of endocrine disruption in wildlife." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112575.
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Manufactured chemicals are essential to the vast array of goods and services that contribute to modern life. Their benefits are innumerable, and society is entirely dependent upon them. At the same time, there is an increasing awareness of the concept of environmental impacts. The challenge is to achieve the appropriate balance between the benefits and risks from chemicals, so that we all may enjoy the benefits of chemicals without significant detriment to current and future human and wildlife health. Ecological risk assessment is the mechanism that allows potential environmental chemical exposure to be benchmarked against hazardous properties so that risk is acceptable and environmental health is not impaired. Chemical management decisions based on such assessments are said to be risk-based. Within the context of environmental risk assessment practice for endocrine disruption, industry would support a position that: endorsed the risk assessment process; recognized that endocrine disruption is not an adverse effect per se, but rather a potential mechanism of action; gave precedent to population-level effects instead of individual-level effects; employed a tiered approach to hazard assessment; emphasized standardized and validated effects testing methodologies; recognized that exposure per se does not necessarily constitute a risk; considered relative potency (i.e., evaluation of the dose levels and mechanisms producing toxic adverse effects and determining whether the critical effect arises via an endocrine mechanism or another mechanism); benchmarked risk against loss of benefits; and evaluated risk within the context of overall risk from both natural and anthropogenic substances with common modes of action. To help address uncertainty surrounding the risk from Endocrine Active Substances (EAS) to wildlife, the chemical industry -- via the Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI) -- has implemented a research program aimed at identifying and addressing knowledge gaps and establishing internationally harmonized testing methodologies in cooperation with other stakeholders. Details of individual projects within the current LRI research program are presented.
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Wapner, Paul. "Politics beyond the State Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics." World Politics 47, no. 3 (April 1995): 311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100016415.
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Nongovernmental organizations (NGOS) both lobby states and work within and across societies to advance their interests. These latter efforts are generally ignored by students of world politics because they do not directly involve governments. A study of transnational environmental activist groups (TEAGs) such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and World Wildlife Fund demonstrates that NGO societal efforts indeed shape widespread behavior throughout the world. TEAGs work through transnational social, economic, and cultural networks to shift standards of good conduct, change corporate practices, and empower local communities. This type of practice involves “world civic politics.” That is, TEAGs influence widespread behavior by politicizing global civil society—that slice of collective life which exists above the individual and below the state yet across national boundaries. This article examines the activity of world civic politics as practiced by environmental activists and evaluates its relevance for the study of NGOs and world politics in general.
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Busygin, Alexandr Georgievich, and Elena Vladimirovna Lizunova. "Pedagogical university students’ environmental knowledge improvement method." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764301.
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Currently, the world is at a decisive point at which the destruction of the environment and modern civilization, or finding ways to prevent the environmental crisis, catastrophes that threaten mass destruction. It is necessary to change this situation, if humanity really wants to save the environment and livelihoods. Scientists have concluded that the environmental crisis is a reflection of the crisis of society, crisis of modern culture, which is focused on increasing the amount of human needs without taking into account the capabilities of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. This paper deals with the methodology of ecological knowledge improvement among students of pedagogical university in the framework of the integrative course Fundamentals of Ecology. The authors pay special attention to the development of the program, which is aimed at ecological knowledge improvement in wildlife management and environmental protection among students of pedagogical universities. The structure of this program allows you to logically organize the material and review it comprehensively. All the blocks (components) of the program are linked. The program is based on the following principles: universality, continuity, consistency, integration, flexibility and variability, conformity to culture and ecohumanism.
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Thompson, Richard C., Shanna H. Swan, Charles J. Moore, and Frederick S. vom Saal. "Our plastic age." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1526 (July 27, 2009): 1973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0054.
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Within the last few decades, plastics have revolutionized our daily lives. Globally we use in excess of 260 million tonnes of plastic per annum, accounting for approximately 8 per cent of world oil production. In this Theme Issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , we describe current and future trends in usage, together with the many benefits that plastics bring to society. At the same time, we examine the environmental consequences resulting from the accumulation of waste plastic, the effects of plastic debris on wildlife and concerns for human health that arise from the production, usage and disposal of plastics. Finally, we consider some possible solutions to these problems together with the research and policy priorities necessary for their implementation.
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FILER, COLIN. "Interdisciplinary perspectives on historical ecology and environmental policy in Papua New Guinea." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 2 (February 10, 2011): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000913.
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SUMMARYPapua New Guinea (PNG) has been the site of a great deal of scientific work, and a fair amount of interdisciplinary debate, within the broad field of historical ecology, which encompasses the study of indigenous society-environment relationships over different time periods. However, this in itself provides no guarantee that scientists engaged in such debate will have a greater influence on the formulation of environmental conservation policies in a state where indigenous decision makers now hold the levers of political power. Five environmental policy paradigms which have emerged in the course of public debate about environmental conservation in PNG over the past half century; the wildlife management, environmental planning, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem assessment, and carbon sequestration paradigms. Each paradigm has framed a distinctive form of interdisciplinary debate about indigenous society-environment relationships within a contemporary political framework. However, a further connection can be drawn between the role of interdisciplinary debate in an evolving national policy framework and the history of scientific debate about the nature of indigenous society-environment relationships in the pre-colonial era. This connection places a distinctive emphasis on the relationship between indigenous agricultural practices and management of the national forest estate for reasons which are themselves a contingent effect of the nature of European colonial intervention over the course of the last century and a half. This particular bias in the relationship between historical ecology and environmental policy has lasted down to the present day. PNG's environmental policy problems are unlikely to have any rational or sensible solution in the absence of a better scientific understanding of the complexity of indigenous society-environment relationships. Scientists need to understand the complexity of the environmental policy process as a historical process in its own right in order to work out which policy problems offer both the scope and the incentive to sustain specific forms of interdisciplinary debate that are likely to produce better policy outcomes.
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Encarnação, Telma, Alberto ACC Pais, Maria G. Campos, and Hugh D. Burrows. "Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impact on human health, wildlife and the environment." Science Progress 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419826802.
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a group of pollutants that can affect the endocrine system and lead to diseases and dysfunctions across the lifespan of organisms. They are omnipresent. They are in the air we breathe, in the food we eat and in the water we drink. They can be found in our everyday lives through personal care products, household cleaning products, furniture and in children’s toys. Every year, hundreds of new chemicals are produced and released onto the market without being tested, and they reach our bodies through everyday products. Permanent exposure to those chemicals may intensify or even become the main cause for the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. In recent years, legislation and regulations have been implemented, which aim to control the release of potentially adverse endocrine disrupting chemicals, often invoking the precautionary principle. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of research on environmental aspects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on human health, based on evidence from animal and human studies. Emphasis is given to three ubiquitous and persistent groups of chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides, and on two non-persistent, but ubiquitous, bisphenol A and phthalates. Some selected historical cases are also presented and successful cases of regulation and legislation described. These led to a decrease in exposure and consequent minimization of the effects of these compounds. Recommendations from experts on this field, World Health Organization, scientific reports and from the Endocrine Society are included.
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Vaitkus, Audrius, Tadas Andriejauskas, Laura Čygaitė, and Jurgita Židanavičiūtė. "Optimized Asphalt Mixtures for Noise Reduction in Lithuanian Roads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.618.
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In the world of growing economy and population, the need of transportation is rapidly increasing also raising problems of noise pollution. Environmental noise levels are increasing in parallel with increasing traffic flows resulting negative effects for society, wildlife and economy. The article gives an overview about the main transport noise source tyre/road noise, its generation mechanisms and influencing factors. One of the most effective and promising tyre/road noise solutions is low noise pavements, which has different noise reduction approaches. Low noise asphalt pavements and theoretical noise reduction principles are analysed in the paper as well as the development experience of particular low noise asphalt pavements for Lithuanian conditions.
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Uluğ Yurttaş, Özge, and Başak Şişman. "Sivil Toplum Örgütleri ve Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Çevre Okuryazarlığı Bilinci Oluşturmadaki Rolü / The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations and Mass Media on Creating Environmental Literacy Awareness." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 1, no. 4 (January 22, 2013): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v1i4.86.
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Tüketim toplumunun yükselişi ile birlikte tüketimin sınırları giderek genişlemekte, mal, ürün ve hatta hizmetin ötesinde; ormanların, doğal yaşamın, suyun, havanın tüketimine kadar uzanmaktadır. Böylece, tüketim ve tüketime yönelik üretim yaklaşımı, doğal kaynaklara büyük ölçüde zarar vermektedir. Bilinçsiz tüketim bir taraftan hammadde kaynaklarını olumsuz etkilerken öte yandan da çevreye zarar vermektedir. Bu geri döndürülmesi çoğu zaman imkânsız veya çok güç olan zararlı süreç, ancak bilinçli tüketimin yaygınlaşması ile önlenebilir. Bu çalışma, sivil toplum örgütlerinin toplumsal bilinç oluşturma ve toplumu bilinçsiz tüketime karşı harekete geçirme noktalarında neler yapabileceklerini ele almaktadır. The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations and Mass Media on Creating Environmental Literacy Awareness With the rise of consumer society, the limits of consumption has been expanding and it goes up further than goods, products and services to forests, wildlife habitat, water and air consumption. Consumption and production damage to a large extent on natural resources. Unconscious consumption damages the source of raw materials and environment. This generally not to be reversed and damaging process, could be prevented only with conscious consumption is widespread. This study, points at how the non-governmental organizations could play an important role to create social awareness and to prompt society against unconscious consumption.
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Hinchliffe, Steve, Matthew B. Kearnes, Monica Degen, and Sarah Whatmore. "Urban Wild Things: A Cosmopolitical Experiment." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23, no. 5 (October 2005): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d351t.
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Cities are inhabited by all manner of things and made up of all manner of practices, many of which are unnoticed by urban politics and disregarded by science. In this paper we do two things. First, we add to the sense that urban living spaces involve much more than human worlds and are often prime sites for human and nonhuman ecologies. Second, we experiment with what is involved in taking these nonhuman worlds and ecologies seriously and in producing a politics for urban wilds. In order to do this we learn how to sense urban wildlife. In learning new engagements we also learn new things and in particular come to see urban wilds as matters of controversy. For this reason we have borrowed and adapted Latour's language to talk of wild things. Wild things become more rather than less real as people learn to engage with them. At the same time, wild things are too disputed, sociable, and uncertain to become constant objects upon which a stable urban politics can be constructed. So a parliament of wild things might be rather different from the house of representatives that we commonly imagine. It may be closer to what Stengers (1997, Power and Invention University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN) has characterised as cosmopolitics, a politics that is worked out without recourse to old binaries of nature and society. Using empirical work with urban wildlife-trust members we muddy the clean lines of representational politics, and start to grapple with issues that a reconvened wild politics might involve.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Reintegrating fragmented landscapes." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 3 (1994): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940272.
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The dedication of this book is to Katie, Hamish, Samantha and Romayne - May they live in hope for, not fear of, the future. I think most of us would wish the same for our children, but few of us are as resolute as Richard Hobbs and Denis Saunders in their efforts to change the ecological future of the world. I can think of no group of researchers that has worked harder to understand the impact of human society on the Australian landscape and to find ways to accommodate human needs and desires with ecological reality than the CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology laboratory at Helena Valley in Western Australia. While many of us work hard at our research, few can claim to have achieved the level of communication of the Western Australians. For nearly a decade now, Saunders, Hobbs and their colleagues have organized, held and published a series of symposia and workshops on the impact of agriculture (and to a lesser extent, forestry) on the landscape and its wildlife. These proceedings have been international in scope and have brought together, in a way few others have achieved, scientists, farmers, resource managers, politicians, bureaucrats and environmental groups. On behalf of my children, Jeni and Myella, I want to thank them for their efforts.
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Taylor, C. Robert, John B. Penson, Edward G. Smith, and Ronald D. Knutson. "Economic Impacts of Chemical Use Reduction on the South." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 1 (July 1991): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017763.
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A growing segment of society is concerned about a myriad of health and environmental issues related to the use of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals. Despite the leveling-off of agricultural chemical use in the 1980s, chemical use in agriculture has come to be seen as a two-edged sword. On the positive side, agricultural chemicals have become the engine for world-wide productivity gains. These chemicals have contributed to increased yields per acre and have reduced waste in storage and distribution. On the negative side, agricultural chemicals are perceived by many to present risks to the safety of the food we eat, to the quality of our drinking water, to the wildlife population, to applicators and to people who inadvertently come into point contact with them.
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Ramos, Ana, and Abel Rouboa. "Rescuing the Environment: Turning (Micro)plastics into Energy Through Gasification." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 3, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_003.002_0002.
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Plastics are a common residue of our activities and, when incorrectly disposed, high quantities of this type of products end up in the environment, namely through landfilling and dumping into the aquatic compartments. Therefore, water streams and basins are contaminated threatening wildlife, which ultimately can entail human toxicity by means of the food-chain effect. One of the major concerns relies on microplastics which, due to its size and nature, constitute a more difficult to handle residue.This paper presents an endeavour to control, reduce or even mitigate the presence of plastic debris in the environment, with the benefit of converting them into energy or other valuable commodities for the actual society. Gasification can be seen as one of the most effective techniques for this purpose, featuring a more environmental friendly scheme for treating this kind of residues, avoiding their overspread throughout Nature, as well as complying with environmental policies.
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Perga, T. "Theodore Roosevelt’s Policy in the Field of Ecology: Conservation Natural Resources." Problems of World History, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-2-5.
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The article examines the principles and directions of the state policy of the USA on the nature protection in the early XX century, which is named conservation. It was determined that its precondition is the growing attention to wildlife of American philosophers, artists, writers, scientists who contributed to the formation of ecological consciousness in society. The article analyses the role of the USA President T. Roosevelt in development of conservation policy and its main areas: creation of public land reserve, including national forests and parks, forest conservation, water resources, reclamation of arid areas, initiating of various commissions that have to audit natural resources of the USA. The role of Governors’ Meeting (1908) and the National Congress on Conservation (1909) in the activization of the movement for conservation of natural resources in the United States is considered. It is proved that President Т. Roosevelt formulated the ideals of the American society on nature conservation, based on the values of civilization, patriotism and social morality, which became the basis of environmental policy in late XX – early XXI century.
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Pozniak, E. "ECOLOGICAL AND LEGAL CULTURE OF NATURAL RESERVEATION IN UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHORNOBYL RADIATION AND ECOLOGICAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 111 (2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/4.111-11.
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The paper deals with the analysis of innovations in legal regulation for formation and providing of activities of Chornobyl Radiation and Ecolog- ical Biosphere Reserve within the Exclusion Zone and the Zone for the Unconditional (Obligatory) Resettlement in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the legal regime of Biosphere reserve, that provides the following: the national and international level of the legal protection and reproduction of fauna and flora and their habitat; preservation and reproduction of wildlife objects, included in the Red Book of the Threatened Animals and Plants; fundamental scientific research conducting and the prediction of further changes in the species and population status of wild animals and plants world; development of the ecological and legal culture of the society and individuals as a result of organization and implementation by the said Reserve of informational, educational, recreating, touristic, educational, and cognitiveactivities. At the same time, this Biosphere reserve was created within a territory that for a long time has been ecologically and radioactively dangerous. The legal regime in Chornobyl Zone has provided a number of restrictions for living and performing certain types of activities. The author empha- sizes the need for deeper research of on the issue of the safety level for wild animals and plants within the area of the said Reserve, as well as the development of criteria for assessing the environmental and radioactive safety for wildlife.
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Hanley, Thomas A. "Interaction of wildlife research and forest management: The need for maturation of science and policy." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70527-5.
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Foresters and wildlife biologists face new challenges and new expectations from society. They are expected to provide an increasingly wide variety of goods and services from ecosystems at the same time that natural systems are under increasing pressure from both environmental and economic forces. The challenge is very formidable and requires a significant increase in the efficiency of both research and management. It is particularly important that research and management work in concert to provide a scientific basis for management. The communication gap between research and management, however, is a serious impediment. It is primarily one of false expectations, and it needs to be reduced. A major gain in that reduction can be made by recognizing the distinctly different roles of research and management. The role of research is to improve our understanding of our world. The role of management is to incorporate that understanding into policy and action. There is a fundamental difference between the technical knowledge that is science and the technical tools that are required to apply science to management. The technical tools are part of management and often must go considerably beyond the limits of scientific rigour. Research is needed to advance theory. Greater technical expertise within management is needed for management to benefit most fully from science. A shift in expectations from research will help make research more productive in advancing science and will free management from its dependency on research for technical tools.
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Andini, Afifah Rahmi, and Hartuti Purnaweni. "The Pattern of Cooperation between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and the Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesia Programme in Dealing with the Illegal Transnational Trade of Pangolins in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912501022.
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Indonesia is home to one of the world’s pangolins species whose status is protected internationally in the Appendix 1 Category of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). This means that pangolins are categorized vulnerable to extinction and are prohibited to be freely traded. However, since 1990, the number of pangolin populations in Indonesia has declined because of the threat of environmental degradation, illegal hunting and illegal trade. In responding the threat of pangolin extinction in Indonesia, the Indonesian government formed a collaborative initiative with International Non-Government Organizations working on wildlife conservation. This study aims to analyze the pattern of cooperation between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) with the Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesia Programme (WCS-IP) in dealing with the illegal transnational trade of pangolins. This study used an analysis of interaction patterns of supplementary, complementary, and adversary in a state-non-state actor cooperation approach. The findings in this study showed that cooperation established based on supplementary patterns is carried out by providing capacity building assistance of law enforcement officers from WCS-IP to KLHK. The complementary pattern was by giving mandate to carry out the program from KLHK to WCS-IP, and the adversary pattern was by providing support as well as input by WCS-IP on government regulations and policies. Based on the analysis of the all of the patterns, the cooperation established is more dominated by using supplementary and complementary patterns because of the compatibility of the vision and mission, the intensity of coordination and trust of both parties.
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Ferretti, André Rocha, and Ricardo Miranda de Britez. "Ecological restoration, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation: The experience of the Society for Wildlife Research and Environmental Education (SPVS) in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Southern Brazil." Journal for Nature Conservation 14, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2006.04.006.
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Quddus, Abdul. "Menggagas Fiqh Al-Bī’ah sebagai Basis Etis-Praktis Konservasi Alam." Ulumuna 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1258.
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Environmentalists are now seeking a new way to tackle environmental crises after the failure of the science-based approach to these issues. They look for an alternative perspective and mechanism on the basis of religion or wisdom of local tradition for the environment maintenance. Islamic law (fiqh) offers ethical grounds and norms for the conservation of nature. The grounds are not abstract norms but concrete guidance for humans as the God’s vicegerent on earth. Furthermore, fiqh has provided individuals and society the standard of ethic and practice to deal with nature. This article examines the norms and history of fiqh regarding human-nature relations or fiqh al-bī’ah (Islamic law of nature preservation). It shows that fiqh offers a detailed h\alal-h\aram provision as the scheme of standard consumption, hima (wildlife protection) and ihyā’ al-mawat (cultivation of unowned land).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1258
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Jones, Cheryl, and David Newsome. "Perth (Australia) as one of the world's most liveable cities: a perspective on society, sustainability and environment." International Journal of Tourism Cities 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-08-2014-0001.
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Purpose – Rankings of the world's cities by a liveability factor have become increasingly significant in the media, among governments and city councils in the promotion of cities, as well as academics interested in understanding the impact of quantifying liveability on urban planning and the relationship of liveability indices and tourism. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – While examining characteristics of liveable cities according to some of the widely reported liveability indices, such as those produced by Mercer, Monocle magazine and the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU), the authors provide a snapshot of Perth as a liveable city and consider liveability in relation to urban tourism, sustainability and environment. Perth's liveability ranking is discussed in terms of environmental sustainability, noting that for Perth to retain its position as one of the world's most liveable cities, consideration must be given to sustainable planning and environmental practices at policy, organisational and individual levels, placing the long-term liveability of the environment and Perth's flora and fauna at the forefront of urban, and tourism, planning. Findings – The accessibility of nature in Perth and its surrounds, its outdoor recreational opportunities and warm climate are factors that make it unique. Developing and promoting nature-based tourism would further enhance the accessibility of nature for visitors and residents. While Perth's EIU top ten ranking is justified, its major attributes remain unrecognised by the widely used EIU liveable city assessment framework. Research limitations/implications – Moreover, the notion of a liveable city is open to contention due to the subjective nature of various assessment criteria. Liveability indices should include quantifiable environmental factors such as green space, remnant vegetation, biodiversity, air quality and unpolluted water. Originality/value – This paper thus contributes to the discourse on what constitutes a liveable city, the authors emphasise that liveability is significantly related to the presence of green space and natural areas as well as the opportunity to see and interact with wildlife. Perth has such opportunities for it residents and visitors but as yet the aforementioned natural characteristics are not implicit in international measures of liveability.
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Amuguni, Hellen, Robinson Mdegela, Christine Rioux, and Japheth Killewo. "A University Driven Approach to Engaging Communities in Solving Complex Health Problems at the Human-Animal-Environmental Interface: A One Health Demonstration Site Survey in Kilosa District, Tanzania." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n1p82.
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In light of the increasing global demographics, disease emergence and intensified encroachment on natural habitats, meeting the needs of the community and safeguarding their health is becoming a significant challenge. Engaging communities in one health activities is one way to ensure that they are involved in the planning, implementation and management of activities and interventions right from the beginning. The One Health Central and Eastern Africa (OHCEA) network of veterinary, environmental and public health institutions have been developing regional collaboration sites (One Health Demonstration Sites) for capacity building, outreach, and applied research in One Health where students, faculty, communities and government representatives work together to address joint complex health problems in long-term research, training and outreach at the human-animal -environment interface.In Tanzania, Kilosa district located close to Mikumi national park was identified as a perfect site. Villages surround the national park and are in close interaction with wild animals. Environmental issues such as flooding have happened in this area, there are internally displaced communities, and farmers live in conflict with pastoralists, wildlife authorities and the government.Faculty and students from Sokoine University and Tufts University performed a baseline survey of this area with key stakeholders in mind, and a focus on the different one health activities and interventions possible and the roles and responsibilities of the community in the demo site. Existing field based programs and attachments were reviewed, a situational analysis was conducted to allow for the engagement of local and national stakeholders in order to assure that activities are aligned with priorities and existing activities. Specific human health, animal health, and ecosystem challenges and impacts were identified, e.g. local human, livestock and wildlife diseases, habitat fragmentation, edge effect, biodiversity loss, around which training modules and/or curriculum could be developed for prospective trainees in public health, veterinary medicine, nursing and environmental health consistent with One Health themes and competencies. Focus group discussions were held with the community. Various community leaders as well as district level government and civil society officials exchanged ideas on how to implement the one health demonstration site.The Kilosa region was found to be strategically positioned in terms of cultural resources and vulnerable populations as well as endemic or threatened wildlife species. Rabies, Rift Valley Fever and milk borne (Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis) as well as water borne zoonoses were identified by community members as priority diseases that would be intervened effectively using one health approach. There was ongoing conflict among pastoralists, farmers, the national parks administration that presented opportunities for research and novel intervention systems. Community support and existing infrastructure for ongoing activities including influx of trainees and research staff was considered adequate. Potential opportunities for the demonstration site to contribute to the local economy by virtue of employment, improved subsistence resources, conservation and sustainability, biodiversity protection, improved recreation or appreciation by tourists were present as well as future opportunities for community-based participatory research and training. The presence of ongoing stakeholder conflict presents opportunities for investigation and intervention by community members, the government and the universities working together using a one health approach. The survey provided prospects for engaging the community from the initial planning and execution stages of the demonstration site.
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Armitage, P. "Gravel pit restoration for wildlife: A practical manual, J. Andrews and D. Kinsman. royal society for the protection of birds, dept. 29b, the lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, UK 1990. £14.50 (price includes postage and packaging), (paperback), x + 184pp." Land Degradation and Development 3, no. 3 (October 1992): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3400030308.
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Angliss, Robyn P., Megan C. Ferguson, Cara L. Appel, Jeremy Brown, Claire Bortot, William T. Bean, Katie M. Moriarty, et al. "ABSTRACTS FROM THE 2019 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR NORTHWESTERN VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, HELD JOINTLY WITH THE WASHINGTON CHAPTER OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, AND IN ASSOCIATION WITH NORTHWEST PARTNERS IN AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE CONSERVATION, AT GREAT WOLF LODGE, GRAND MOUND, WASHINGTON, 25 FEBRUARY–1 M." Northwestern Naturalist 100, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-100.2.132.
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Markette, JoAnn Alicia Foley. "Considering Conversion: The Aftermath of Oral Contraceptives." Linacre Quarterly 85, no. 4 (November 2018): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363918815818.
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In Humanae vitae, Pope Paul VI predicted conjugal infidelity and a loss of respect for women as grave societal consequences through severing the once-connected unitive and procreative goods of conjugal love by using artificial birth control. Almost sixty years after the Food and Drug Administration approved the artificial birth control pill for contraceptive use, these predictions have grown roots. Unfortunately, turning our backs on God’s plan for sexuality has disrupted our planet beyond the moral realm and affects the health of women, the health of society, and the health of wildlife in profound and tangible ways. Conversion refers to a change of heart, mind, and behavior concerning the stewardship of the body and creation. As opposed to artificial birth control, no known environmental or personal health risks exist in relation to natural family planning methods. Evangelization with subsequent conversion offers hope in overcoming these concerns surrounding artificial birth control pills, concerns which contribute to maladies in the female body, in society, and in nature. Too many wrestle against Catholic Church teaching prohibiting artificial birth control for birth regulation. However, because humans always have the power of choice in moral acts, our culture is not held captive by the current negative consequences that Pope Paul IV’s predicted in Humanae vitae. As mindful stewards of our bodies and of the created world, we have the option of conversion toward truth, which continually beckons and invites.
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Thomas, Vernon G., Niels Kanstrup, and Deborah J. Pain. "Promoting the Transition to Non-Lead Hunting Ammunition in the European Union Through Regulation and Policy Options." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-201068.
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Regulation (EU) 2021/57, banning the use of lead gunshot in wetland hunting, and adoption of the proposed European Union (EU) restriction on lead ammunition use by civilians in other types of hunting and target shooting, would complete the transition to non-lead ammunition use in the EU and ensure major compliance among hunters and shooters. The transition is possible since non-lead substitutes for all types of shotgun and rifle ammunition are produced already by leading European manufacturers. To ensure ammunition non-toxicity, EU standards are needed for lead substitutes to accompany both existing and potential future lead ammunition restrictions. Meat from wild game birds and mammals is a large and important commodity in the EU. Setting a maximum lead level in all marketed game meats under Regulation (EC) 1881/2006, aided by mandatory food labelling, would add extra health protection to human consumers. This regulatory step would help ensure that all wild game destined for retail markets were taken with non-lead ammunition, would complement existing and proposed European Commission restrictions on lead hunting ammunition and aid monitoring and enforcement. Increased public awareness of the risks posed by lead from ammunition to the health of humans, wildlife, and the environment, and especially their associated externalized costs to society, would promote and facilitate the passage of regulation to protect human and environmental health from toxic lead ammunition.
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Mitake, Yuya, Kenshiro Hiramitsu, Yusuke Tsutsui, Mar’atus Sholihah, and Yoshiki Shimomura. "A Strategic Planning Method to Guide Product—Service System Development and Implementation." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187619.
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The societal and environmental crises in recent decades have promoted a social awareness of existing challenges to sustainability. While product–service systems (PSS) are considered a promising way to achieve a sustainable future, PSS features also create barriers that hinder the widespread implementation of PSS in society. Recent studies have therefore increasingly focused on the challenges to PSS implementation. However, the existing literature fails to facilitate a strategic plan or practical guide for PSS design activity despite taking into account the importance of visioning in PSS design. This paper, therefore, proposes a strategic planning method for PSS development and implementation by combining technology roadmap and transition scenarios. To illustrate its applicability and validity, the proposed approach is applied to a PSS development project for solving wildlife damage in a suburban city of Tokyo. The case study was conducted as a participatory workshop, which involved relevant stakeholders to develop a roadmap toward a sustainable future PSS vision based on the proposed method. The result of this application demonstrates that the proposed approach enables the formulation of a long-term PSS design strategy, while comprehensively converging the perspectives and knowledge of each stakeholder participating in the PSS development.
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Bauske, Ellen M., Gary R. Bachman, Tom Bewick, Lucy Bradley, David Close, Rick Durham, and Mary Hockenberry Meyer. "The Case for a National Strategic Plan for Consumer Horticulture Research, Education, and Extension." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (August 2015): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.477.
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Consumer horticulture encompasses interior and exterior ornamental, food, and community gardening. These activities influence the environment in many ways, affecting water quality and quantity, waste management, wildlife, and environmental sustainability. Consumer horticulture also impacts human health and well-being. In spite of keen consumer interest and the robust commercial impact, there is a paucity of support for consumer horticulture at both the state and federal levels. To explore strategies for increasing support for consumer horticulture, a workshop with four presentations was held at the annual conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science on 31 July 2014 in Orlando, FL. Presentations described the formation of a new Southern Experiment Extension/Research Activity, Landscapes and Gardens for Better Living (SERA44); the local funding sources and local issues that focus research, education, and extension efforts in consumer horticulture; and the need to develop shared goals to drive regional projects. The need for a national strategic plan for consumer horticulture, and a process for creating one, was outlined. A strategic plan could galvanize the support of diverse stakeholders; focus research, education, and extension efforts; and build a strong case for resources dedicated to consumer horticulture.
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Nguyen, Thuy Thi, Colin Meurk, Rubianca Benavidez, Bethanna Jackson, and Markus Pahlow. "The Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Habitat Connectivity and Biodiversity: A Case Study in the Ōtākaro/Avon River Catchment in Christchurch, New Zealand." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126732.
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The natural capital components in cities (“blue-green infrastructure” BGI) are designed to address long-term sustainability and create multi-benefits for society, culture, business, and ecology. We investigated the added value of BGI through the research question “Can the implementation of blue-green infrastructure lead to an improvement of habitat connectivity and biodiversity in urban environments?” To answer this, the Biological and Environmental Evaluation Tools for Landscape Ecology (BEETLE) within the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) framework was adopted and applied in Christchurch, New Zealand, for the first time. Three ecologically representative species were selected. The parameterisation was based on ecological theory and expert judgment. By implementation of BGI, the percentages of habitats of interest for kereru and paradise shelduck increased by 3.3% and 2.5%, respectively. This leads to improved habitat connectivity. We suggest several opportunities for regenerating more native patches around the catchment to achieve the recommended minimum 10% target of indigenous cover. However, BGI alone cannot return a full suite of threatened wildlife to the city without predator-fenced breeding sanctuaries and wider pest control across the matrix. The socio-eco-spatial connectivity analysed in this study was formalised in terms of four interacting dimensions.
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Poppy, G. M., S. Chiotha, F. Eigenbrod, C. A. Harvey, M. Honzák, M. D. Hudson, A. Jarvis, et al. "Food security in a perfect storm: using the ecosystem services framework to increase understanding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1639 (April 5, 2014): 20120288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0288.
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Achieving food security in a ‘perfect storm’ scenario is a grand challenge for society. Climate change and an expanding global population act in concert to make global food security even more complex and demanding. As achieving food security and the millennium development goal (MDG) to eradicate hunger influences the attainment of other MDGs, it is imperative that we offer solutions which are complementary and do not oppose one another. Sustainable intensification of agriculture has been proposed as a way to address hunger while also minimizing further environmental impact. However, the desire to raise productivity and yields has historically led to a degraded environment, reduced biodiversity and a reduction in ecosystem services (ES), with the greatest impacts affecting the poor. This paper proposes that the ES framework coupled with a policy response framework, for example Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR), can allow food security to be delivered alongside healthy ecosystems, which provide many other valuable services to humankind. Too often, agro-ecosystems have been considered as separate from other natural ecosystems and insufficient attention has been paid to the way in which services can flow to and from the agro-ecosystem to surrounding ecosystems. Highlighting recent research in a large multi-disciplinary project (ASSETS), we illustrate the ES approach to food security using a case study from the Zomba district of Malawi.
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Pepper, D., P. N. Nemetz, P. Longley, and D. W. Bromley. "Review: Ecopolitics: Building a Green Society: Environmental Management in ASEAN: Perspectives on Critical Regional Issues, Visualization in Geographical Information Systems, Integrated Public Lands Management: Principles and Applications to National Forests, Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and BLM Land." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271329.
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Johnson, Pieter T. J., Peder J. Lund, Richard B. Hartson, and Timothy P. Yoshino. "Community diversity reduces Schistosoma mansoni transmission, host pathology and human infection risk." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1662 (January 20, 2009): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1718.
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Global biodiversity loss and disease emergence are two of the most challenging issues confronting science and society. Recently, observed linkages between species-loss and vector-borne infections suggest that biodiversity may help reduce pathogenic infections in humans and wildlife, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its applicability to a broader range of pathogens have remained speculative. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of host community structure on transmission of the human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni , which alternates between snail intermediate hosts and vertebrate definitive hosts. By manipulating parasite exposure and community diversity, we show that heterospecific communities cause a 25–50 per cent reduction in infection among snail hosts ( Biomphalaria glabrata ). Infected snails raised alongside non-host snails ( Lymnaea or Helisoma sp.) also produced 60–80 per cent fewer cercariae, suggesting that diverse communities could reduce human infection risk. Because focal host density was held constant during experiments, decreases in transmission resulted entirely from diversity-mediated pathways. Finally, the decrease in infection in mixed-species communities led to an increase in reproductive output by hosts, representing a novel example of parasite-mediated facilitation. Our results underscore the significance of community structure on transmission of complex life-cycle pathogens, and we emphasize enhanced integration between ecological and parasitological research on the diversity–disease relationship.
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Mota, Luis. "2. Using Of Natural Spaces For Tourism Activity Scuba Diving And Impacts On Aquatic Animals." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v1i1.5069.
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There were few previsions to strongly expand the growth of scuba diving activity, and nowadays training standards are enforced for safety and also for respecting the natural space where dive tourism takes place. Based on literature review, environmental impacts were noted in terms of providing positive aspects, mainly represented by economic benefits and employment opportunities. The negative side was revealed by wildlife impacts whereby animals change their behavior due harassment or contact with nature-based users, with authors reporting their concerns and measuring the consequences and long-term learning impacts. The over-usage of the reefs can result in physical devastation and chemical contamination. Land development in support of scuba diving can also cause negative impacts and affect the surrounding infrastructure, with alternating living patterns and by creating economic differences among the local society. When dive techniques are mastered, scuba diving itself does not represent a threat to the environment, neither to marine animals, but bad dive practices, poor buoyancy control associated to the lack of awareness can contribute to damage the benthic zone. Divers physical impact on the reef can benefit some species looking for opportunity to feed or compete for space, although, it destroys the habitat and lifting up sediment affect negatively coral structures by inducing stress and reducing the average amount of light.
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Czerniak, Andrzej, Sylwester Grajewski, Anna Krysztofiak-Kaniewska, Ewa E. Kurowska, Bernard Okoński, Małgorzata Górna, and Rafał Borkowski. "Engineering Methods of Forest Environment Protection against Meteorological Drought in Poland." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060614.
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The forest cover in Poland reaches almost 30% of the country’s area. Polish forests are characterized by high biodiversity. Unfortunately, in recent years, the forests of Central Europe have been affected by climate change problems, in particular meteorological drought. In Poland, even those stands which consist of species that were widely recognized as drought tolerant and easily adaptable to environmental changes are beginning to die. The article presents engineering methods applicable to forest environment protection, largely developed at the University of Life Sciences in Poznań and implemented by the State Forests—National Forest Holding in Poland, to minimize the effects of drought. Among the issues raised are ways to protect forests against fires, modern technologies for fire road surface construction and small-scale water retention in forests. A comprehensive solution to problems related to progressive drought is a must. Scientists and foresters are observing the dying of large areas of stands and, at the same time, intensification of wildlife migration due to the search for new habitats as a consequence of the drought. Therefore, the issue of building animal crossings during the current dynamic expansion of the road network in Poland has also been presented in the paper. Another subject pointed to in the text is forest tourism. Forests provide opportunities for recreation and rest to society. However, the increasing tourist pressure in some regions may cause adverse environmental effects. Finally, the paper shows some examples of supporting forest environment protection using remote sensing techniques. Generally, the aim of the paper is to present experiences and comprehensive solutions implemented in Poland.
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LUTSYAK, Vitaliy, and Inna TOMASHUK. "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF POTENTIAL OF VINNYTSK REGION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 1 (41) (January 2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-1-3.
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The article analyzes the systematic strategy of transition of rural territories to the ecologically friendly way of development and production of organic agricultural products, which will solve a number of acute socio-economic and environmental problems and is one of the most difficult stages of reforms in Ukraine. The essence of the ecological mechanism, which is a set of tools, the ultimate goal of which is the achievement of positive results in the environmental sphere, is disclosed. Attention is drawn to the fact that in some regions about 250 kinds of various wastes are produced. It is determined that the presence of different types of productions in the region causes the diversity of qualitative composition of wastes. It is stressed that at the expense of the regional fund of environmental protection in the region a number of environmental protection measures are being implemented, for which the regional budget is planning to allocate 115.2 million UAH. According to the data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Vinnytsia region, it was investigated that in 2017 Trostyanets district is showed the largest indicator of waste generation, which was 26651.0 tons, Orativ district ranked second, with the total amount of wastes 14313.8 tons, the third – Khmilnyk district, the amount of waste in which equals to 10386.5 tons. A detailed analysis of waste management in Vinnytsia region in 2017 shows that the largest amount of waste utilization was carried out in Kryzhopil district, the total amount of which was 156613.5 tons. It is emphasized that the funds of the Environmental Fund are aimed at implementing the following 69 measures, among which: - treatment of solid household and chemical wastes – 28 projects worth 36.6 mln; - preservation of nature reserve fund (parks) – 4 projects in the amount of UAH 1.0 million; - preservation of water reservoirs and rivers – 12 projects in the amount of UAH 9.7 million; - completion of re-stocking and storage of unsuitable pesticides – 1 measure in the amount of 0.1 million UAH; - measures related to the technogenic situation in the regions (sewage treatment facilities and sewage networks) – 14 projects worth 42.4 mln; - wildlife preservation – 3 projects for UAH 1.0 million; - other – 7 projects worth 24.4 mln. SWOT analysis was carried out – the establishment of key interconnections between the strengths and weaknesses of the parties with potential and threats of further development of the Vinnytsia region. Strategic objectives of environmental safety of Vinnytsia region are determined depending on the mutual influence of individual factors of the external and internal environment. Conclusions are made that it is necessary to raise the level of ecological awareness of the society; to carry out measures on ensuring environmental safety and reducing the technogenic load on the environment. It is determined that the strong sides of the region are the presence of significant reserves of mineral raw materials, fertile agricultural land, the absence of powerful environmental pollutants and ecological districts. The weak side of Vinnytsia region is the insufficient dynamics of growth of small and medium business. On the base of the SWOT analysis, it was determined that among the key problems in the development of Vinnytsia region that impede the harmonious development of the region is the lack of development of innovation policy and, as a result, the lack of innovation infrastructure, the insufficient use of scientific, technological and production potential available in the region.
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Clancy, Sharon, and Britt Jacobson. "A new conservation education delivery system." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22, no. 1 (March 2007): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507001512.
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AbstractThe Conservation Agriculture Project (CAP) of the North Dakota Natural Resources Trust (Trust) has demonstrated a new concept for delivering conservation education that improves farm economics while enhancing environmental health, restoring landscape functions and providing societal benefits. The 5-year project, initiated by the Trust in 2000, incorporated Resource Analysis Teams to assist four farmers and farm families serving as a demonstration in developing and implementing holistic farm plans. Resource Analysis Team members were agricultural, environmental, conservation and economic professionals. Resource Analysis Teams met with each demonstration farm family twice each year in a non-threatening setting, usually around the family's kitchen table. The integration of diverse knowledge bases resulted in an educational roundtable with all participants being educators and students at the same time. As round-table participants became familiar with the intricacies of each particular farm and with each other, adversarial relationships dissolved and team members worked together to move the farms toward sustainability—economic, environmental and social. This approach differs from most federal conservation programs to date, which have approached on-farm conservation in a piecemeal manner, only protecting a parcel of land or a critical problem area. For those programs, responsibility for searching out and implementing conservation practices has fallen primarily on the farmer, who also has had to assume associated risks. The Conservation Agriculture Project has demonstrated that the Resource Analysis Team approach yields positive results for the environment, wildlife, farm families and society while enhancing information delivery and improving communication and acceptance among diverse groups with varying agendas. Most importantly, it has demonstrated the need and positive impacts of delivering conservation education directly to farmers and ranchers, who manage 43% of the land nationwide.
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Moore, P. G. "Gilbert Dempster Fisher (1906–1985): the BBC's “Hut Man”, Scottish naturalist, children's author and radio broadcaster." Archives of Natural History 42, no. 2 (October 2015): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2015.0317.
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As the BBC's “Hut Man”, Gilbert Dempster Fisher was a pioneer of radio broadcasting for children in Scotland in the 1940s and 1950s. Also a successful author of children's books on natural history, he based both his writings and his broadcasts on his observations of the wildlife that surrounded his isolated hut near Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire. Devoted to pedagogy, he established “The Hut-Man's Club” for children in the late 1930s and was foremost in the encouragement of natural history in Scottish schools. He also wrote poetry for young children and, from 1947 to 1950, he produced The children's magazine. During the last decade of his “Hut life” he was engaged by Scottish local education authorities to speak in schools and residential camps about nature study, captivating children with his “Hut Man” tales. He also engaged with teachers to help them deliver natural history lessons, writing a comprehensive guide book on the subject. The teacher-training authorities, however, failed to capitalize on his vision of nature study within the school curriculum. Disillusioned by their intransigence and faced with local environmental degradation of the Hut Country and inappropriate housing development locally, he moved east. In 1956 he was appointed Director-Secretary of the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland administering Edinburgh Zoo. This paper concentrates on his “Hut Man” career as an author and radio presenter; the communication of natural history being its central theme, at a time when radio was becoming a popular medium of mass communication.
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Freitas, Letícia de Araújo Almeida, and Gandhi Radis-Baptista. "Pharmaceutical Pollution and Disposal of Expired, Unused, and Unwanted Medicines in the Brazilian Context." Journal of Xenobiotics 11, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox11020005.
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The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an everyday recognized concern worldwide, and drugs as environmental contaminants have been detected in water and soil systems, posing risks to humans and wildlife. The presence of drugs in wastewater, groundwater, and even drinking water occurs in several countries, including Brazil, where the pharmaceutical market is expanding over the years. The adverse, harmful effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment range from the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and species survival to the interference with reproduction and increased cancer incidence in humans. Therefore, it is demanding to count on proper legislation to prevent these pollutants from entering the distinct environment compartments. In some developed countries, laws, directives, programs, and initiatives regarding drug disposal reach a mature status. In Brazil, federal laws dealing with drug residues’ management are recent, with flaws that might facilitate non-compliance with drug pollution issues. Besides, pharmacies and drugstores are not obligated to collect unneeded household medicines, while particular State laws aim to ordinate the disposal of drug residues regionally. In this review, we consider the current knowledge about pharmaceutical (drug) pollution, the recommendation and regulations on the disposal of useless medicines in some countries, and in the context of the expanding pharmaceutical market in Brazil. The awareness of emerging contaminants in the environment, besides the joint effort of authorities, consumers, and the general public nationwide, will be required to avoid pharmaceutical/drug pollution and achieve an eco-friendly environment and a sustainable society.
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Pradana, Andhika Putra, and Masnuna Masnuna. "ILUSTRASI BUKU ENSIKLOPEDIA BURUNG RANGKONG DI INDONESIA." ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia 7, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v7i01.3537.
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AbstrakBurung Rangkong atau Enggang yang dikenal juga sebagai ‘petani hutan’ memiliki peranan penting bagi hutan tropis di Indonesia, sebab kebiasaannya yang gemar menebar biji buah sisa makanannya saat ia terbang. Biji buah yang tersebar tersebut dapat menjadi bibit pohon baru dan dapat meregenerasi hutan secara alami. Namun, keberadaan burung tersebut jarang diketahui oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Padahal populasi burung tersebut di alam liar sangat mengkhawatirkan, hampir semua jenis Burung Rangkong memiliki status satwa yang dilindungi. Sangat disayangkan jika masyarakat khususnya anak-anak Indonesia di masa mendatang tidak mengenal burung yang sangat penting dan eksotis tersebut. Dibutuhkan media yang dapat memuat berbagai informasi dari Burung Rangkong dan menjadi media pengenalan yang menarik bagi anak-anak, maka buku ensiklopedia berilustrasi dipilih sebagai media utama pada penelitian ini. Terdapat 2 tahap yang digunakan dalam penelitian, yaitu tahap persiapan dan tahap penciptaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan konsep “Mengenal ‘Petani Hutan’ Indonesia”, yang digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menciptakan media buku ensiklopedia berilustrasi dengan tujuan mengenalkan berbagai hal tentang Burung Rangkong beserta jenisnya tanpa harus bertemu atau melihat langsung burung tersebut di alam maupun di suaka marga satwa. Diharapkan Buku Ensiklopedia tersebut juga dapat menjaga eksistensi Burung Rangkong yang dilindungi. Kata Kunci: Anak, Buku, Burung Rangkong, Ensiklopedia, Ilustrasi AbstractHornbill is also known as 'forest farmers', has an important role in tropical forests in Indonesia, because of its habit of spreading the leftover seeds when it flies. The scattered fruit seeds can become new tree seedlings and can naturally regenerate the forests. However, the existence of these birds is rarely known by Indonesian society. Whereas the population of these birds in the wild is very worrying, almost all types of hornbills have protected animal status. It is unfortunate if society especially future Indonesian children do not recognize this very important and exotic bird. The Media that contain information about Hornbill is needed as an interesting knowledge medium for children, so the illustrated encyclopedia book was chosen as the main media in this research. In this research, there are 2 stages used which are the preparation stage and the stage of creation. The results of this study produced the concept of "Get to know Indonesia's Forest Farmers " which is used as a reference to create an illustrated encyclopedia book media to introduce various things about hornbill and their species without having to meet or see the bird directly in nature or wildlife reserves. It is expected that the encyclopedia book can maintain the existence of the protected hornbill. Keywords: Children, Book, Hornbill, Encyclopedia, Illustration
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Tsiky, Rabetrano. "REBIOMA Data Portal, Tool for Conservation Planning in Madagascar." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25864.
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Recognizing the abundance and the accumulation of information and data on biodiversity that are still poorly exploited and even unfunded, the REBIOMA project (Madagascar Biodiversity Networking), in collaboration with partners, has developed an online dataportal in order to provide easy access to information and critical data, to support conservation planning and the expansion of scientific and professional activities in Madagascar biodiversity. The mission of the REBIOMA data portal is to serve quality-labeled, up-to-date species occurrence data and environmental niche models for Madagascar’s flora and fauna, both marine and terrestrial. REBIOMA is a project of the Wildlife Conservation Society Madagascar and the University of California, Berkeley. REBIOMA serves species occurrence data for marine and terrestrial regions of Madagascar. Following upload, data is automatically validated against a geographic mask and a taxonomic authority. Data providers can decide whether their data will be public, private, or shared only with selected collaborators. Data reviewers can add quality labels to individual records, allowing selection of data for modeling and conservation assessments according to quality. Portal users can query data in numerous ways. One of the key features of the REBIOMA web portal is its support for species distribution models, created from taxonomically valid and quality-reviewed occurrence data. Species distribution models are produced for species for which there are at least eight, reliably reviewed, non-duplicate (per grid cell) records. Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt for short) is used to produce continuous distribution models from these occurrence records and environmental data for different eras: past (1950), current (2000), and future (2080). The result is generally interpreted as a prediction of habitat suitability. Results for each model are available on the portal and ready for download as ASCII and HTML files. The REBIOMA Data Portal address is http://data.rebioma.net, or visit http://www.rebioma.netfor more general information about the entire REBIOMA project.
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Muniba Nafees, Muhammad Zubair, and Abdullah. "Joint Forest Management Rules: Law and Practice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(268-277).
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The study’s main aim was to provide an in-depth insight into the Community Participation (also called Joint Forest Management or JFM) Rules enforced by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in 2004 to reform the KP Environment Department from a “policing model” to a participatory one. It sought to find out; whether the JFM rules are followed in letter and spirit or the environment department of the province is still using age-old policies without involving the local communities in the management of forests. The study has uncovered the departmental and bureaucratic constraints towards the JFM Rules that stop the department from embarking on a journey towards a more participatory, inclusive, transparent, accountable, and sustainable management as well as development of forest resources. A qualitative research design was selected for this study and data was collected from a sample assembled on quota sampling technique with the quotas of respondents: 10 forest owners (people who have ownership rights in forests. 5 were taken from Malakand Division and 5 from Hazara Division of KP), 10 forest users (people who occasionally or permanently live in or near forests and use its resources in an arrangement with the forest owners. 5 were taken from Malakand and 5 from Hazara again), 10 government officials (5 from the environment department and 5 from the legal fraternity) and finally 10 environmental activists (including 5 female activists). Themes were developed after carrying out semi-structured in-depth interviews using interview guides. One of the major findings of the research were the sweeping and discretionary powers of the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) which hinders the progress of JFM as DFO is not only the final authority on registration of a JFM Committee but can influence various other aspects of community participation and JFM like planning, funding and termination. It was also found that the territorial or protection staff (like Ranger, Forester & Guard) were still calling the shots in a top-down approach instead of a bottom-to-top approach by the mobilization and developmental staff (like Community Development Officer or CDO & Female Forest Extensionist or FFE) despite the JFM Rules. It was revealed that there is a great lack of funds and financial independence of the Directorate of CDEGAD (Community Development, Extension, Gender and Development) which is responsible for implementing community participation and JFM. The directorate staff is mostly financially dependent upon the discretion of the DFO. Even after 16 years, the environment department has not internalized JFM Rules. There was a lack of concern by government top management towards addressing this huge environmental problem of the lack of implementation of JFM despite the recent Billion and 10 Billion Trees "Tsunami" Afforestation Projects with the help of the UN under the Bonn Challenge. A very small number of community members reported that they are participating in the forestry and wildlife activities with the environment department. "Rubber stamp" and "token" participation were reported just to give legal cover to the departmental activities and a photo session for the social media instead of truly real incentive participation to achieve sustainable management and development of forest resources. There is a great if not an organized resistance of the majority of forestry staff to JFM Rules and keep these rules hidden under the carpet to carry on the traditional approach which is harmful for the communities, the department, the forests, and the wildlife in the long run. Lack of implementation of JFM Rules also facilitates corruption. Without local support and knowledge, the poverty in the forest-dependent communities cannot be eradicated. Lessons from Nepal's social forestry should be learned and utilized for KP's JFM. Nevertheless, the recent projects by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf led KP and Federal governments have given environmental activists a great glimmer of hope but the long-term positive results of it will depend upon its continuity by the future governments. The positions of CDOs, Female CDOs, and SOs (Social Organizers) need to be strengthened with legal powers regarding JFM. Several environmental policy and regulation needs were also identified in this study, followed by several recommendations for the environment department, provincial government, and civil society for bold and ambitious community-led forestry and wildlife conservation projects.
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Rahder, Micha. "Caring for Xate, caring for Xateros: NGO monitoring, livelihoods, and plant-human relations in Uaxactún, Guatemala." Journal of Political Ecology 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v21i1.21141.
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In Uaxactún, a community forest concession inside Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve, three species of xate palm, a non-timber forest product, are at the heart of quickly evolving webs of knowledge, identity, institutional alliances, and livelihoods. Xate palms are simultaneously the "daily beans" for the majority of Uaxactún residents, the object of intense study and regulation, a commodity marketable to international floral markets, a marker of local identity, and a ubiquitous part of the forest landscape. Now, as the result of a series of projects instituted by the conservation NGO, the Wildlife Conservation Society and other institutions, xate in Uaxactún is being transformed from a "natural", exploited part of the landscape to something to actively cuidar, or care for. NGO-driven dynamics of monitoring, study, and other external knowledge-making about the village are central to these ongoing shifts in xate-human relations, and to broader changes in local senses of place and identity. "Care" describes both material and affective relations, including practices and values that strive for a more liveable world without assuming an ultimate goal or a best solution. NGO projects that foster relations of care between villagers and xate palms are also a form of caring for villagers themselves, working as they do towards sustainable shared human/non-human futures. At the same time, however, these projects are "necessary but not sufficient" – caught in the problematic local scale, and failing to address deeper structural problems that keep Uaxactún residents dependent on precarious sources of income.Keywords: Guatemala, Maya Biosphere Reserve, NTFPs, NGOs, environmental knowledge, care
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Karasov, William H. "Digestive physiology: a view from molecules to ecosystem." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 2 (August 2011): R276—R284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00600.2010.
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Digestive physiology links physiology to applications valued by society, such as understanding ecology and ecological toxicology and managing and conserving species. Here I illustrate this applied and integrative perspective with several avian case studies. The match between digestive features and diet provides evidence of tradeoffs that preclude doing well on all possible substrates with a single digestive design, and this influences ecological niche partitioning. But some birds, such as wild house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) nestlings, are digestively very flexible. Their intestinal maltase activity and mRNA for intestinal maltase glucoamylase specifically and reversibly change when they switch among foods with different starch content. Houses sparrows and many other birds absorb hydrolyzed water-soluble monomers, such as glucose, mainly passively via tight junctions between enterocytes (i.e., paracellular absorption). Such species might be good models for studying this process, which is important biomedically for absorption of drugs. High paracellular absorption may enhance absorption of low molecular weight, natural water-soluble toxins. Also, reliance of American robins ( Turdus migratorius ) on passive absorption makes them less sensitive to types of plant toxins that inhibit mediated glucose absorption, such as phlorizin or the flavanoid isoquercetrin. Determining absorption of environmental contaminants is another important ecological application. Common loon ( Gavia immer ) chicks absorbed 83% of methyl mercury in fish meals, eliminate the mercury slowly, and consequently are predicted in the wild to bioaccumulate mercury to higher concentrations than in their foods. The quantitative details can be used to set regulatory levels for mercury that will protect wildlife.