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Del Valle Coello, Juan José. "Politics in African Wildlife Conservation: Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania." IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v3i1.23366.
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Starting in the 1980’s, an increasing number of international actors have advocated for a change in wildlife and resource conservation strategies, arguing for practices allowing for greater local management in a model known as “community-based conservation.” Focusing on Tanzania, a country known for its expansive wildlife and game reserves, this investigation examines the adoption and implementation of legislation allowing for locally-administered Wildlife Management Areas (WMA’s). This paper first documents the processes motivating the introduction of WMA legislation in Tanzania, then details the legislation’s contents themselves and attempts to evaluate the social and political results as best it can, using a combination of sources including previously conducted research, promotional materials, and NGO publications.Major aspects of legislation include the following: villages themselves choose to enter into WMA agreements with investors; investors collect the revenue and deliver it to the federal government, which in turn distributes it to villages and wildlife conservation programs; and village residents themselves determine how to allocate the revenue they receive. Results have been mixed; while many villages have benefitted from income received from participation in wildlife management, there have also been instances of coercion into participating, disputes between villages regarding WMA practices, and there has been a general lack of transparency in income collection and distribution. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent recent legislation has actually given a greater degree of control to local government.
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McElroy, Eric J., Diego Sustaita, and Lance D. McBrayer. "Applied Functional Biology: Linking Ecological Morphology to Conservation and Management." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa076.
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Synopsis Many researchers work at the interface of organisms and environment. Too often, the insights that organismal, or functional, biologists can bring to the understanding of natural history, ecology, and conservation of species are overlooked. Likewise, natural resource managers are frequently focused on the management of populations and communities, while ignoring key functional traits that might explain variation in abundance and shifts in species composition at these ecological levels. Our intention for this symposium is two-fold: (1) to bring to light current and future research in functional and ecological morphology applicable to concerns and goals of wildlife management and conservation and (2) to show how such studies can result in measurable benchmarks useful to regulatory agencies. Symposium topics reveal past, present, and future collaborations between functional morphologists/biomechanists and conservation/wildlife biologists. During the SICB 2020 Annual Meeting, symposium participants demonstrated how data gathered to address fundamental questions regarding the causes and consequences of organismal form and function can also help address issues of conservation and wildlife management. Here we review how these, and other, studies of functional morphology, biomechanics, ecological development morphology and performance can inform wildlife conservation and management, principally by identifying candidate functional traits that have clear fitness consequences and population level implications.
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Algotsson, Emma. "Wildlife conservation through people-centred approaches to natural resource management programmes and the control of wildlife exploitation." Local Environment 11, no. 1 (January 2006): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830500396230.
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Saberwal, Vasant K. "Conservation as politics: Wildlife conservation and resource management in India." Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 3, no. 2 (January 2000): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880290009353954.
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Wildt, D. E. "Genome Resource Banking for Wildlife Research, Management, and Conservation." ILAR Journal 41, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.41.4.228.
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Lynch, Peter. "Wildlife and conservation volunteering." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 7, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2014-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the stages involved in developing an audit to determine the best wildlife and conservation organization to volunteer with. Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines details of the analysis and assessment of 53 organizations based on nine core criteria. The framework developed for this purpose also provides a tool that could be used to assess other organizations. Findings – Publication of the Wildlife and Conservation Volunteering Guide has given volunteers a resource that enables them to make informed decisions about which organization to volunteer with and to enable the featured organizations to reflect on their own relative attractiveness to volunteers. Originality/value – The viewpoint highlights several unintended consequences of an audit and demonstrates that published audit criteria prompt organizations to instigate changes.
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Thompson, Andrew. "Common Law, Statutes and Conservation Values: Do They Have Anything in Common?" Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61131-2.
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Basic values in Canadian society are thought to be moving toward an expanded conservation ethic. There are two schools of thought. "Wise-use" conservation signifies management of forests and wildlife to maximize utilitarian values. "Preservationist" conservation is more concerned with intrinsic values in nature. Canadian common law and statutes are examined to determine what support they provide for "wise-use" conservation or a "preservationist" approach to resource management. Deficiencies are identified. Moreover, where statutes do impress on resource managers a duty to employ "wise-use" principles, noncompliance is often tolerated and Canadian courts are reluctant to hold public servants to the letter of the law. Integrated management is a precondition to making the trade-offs between forests and wildlife required by a "wise-use" policy, but by itself, provides no measure by which to make such trade-offs. "Wise-use" principles do provide such a measure, but their utilitarian emphasis invariably reduces wildlife to second place in competition with trees. If society wants to preserve intrinsic values in wildlife, the only alternative strategies available are raw potential power or charterlike laws that express clear principles of preservation. These laws would be society's choice in favour of arresting the deterioration in the natural environment documented in the World Conservation Strategy. Key words: Resource, Conservation, Conservation policy, Conservation law, Integration.
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GILLINGHAM, SARAH, and PHYLLIS C. LEE. "The impact of wildlife-related benefits on the conservation attitudes of local people around the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 26, no. 3 (September 1999): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000302.
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In recent years there has been a proliferation of projects aiming to integrate human development needs with conservation objectives, and to establish mutually beneficial relationships for the management of natural resources between rural communities and the state. This paper presents data from a case study of human-wildlife interactions in villages along the northern boundary of the Selous Game Reserve in south-east Tanzania. Since 1989, this area has been the site of a project working to promote community wildlife management (CWM). Questionnaire survey data were used to examine villagers' conservation attitudes towards wildlife, the Game Reserve, and the activities of the CWM project and state wildlife management authority. Despite local support for the conservation of wildlife, many respondents were either unaware or held negative views of the activities of the wildlife management institutions. Logistic regression analyses show that while access to game meat from the CWM project has had a positive influence on perceptions of wildlife benefits and awareness of the project's activities, it has had no significant effect on local perceptions of the Game Reserve and the activities of the state wildlife management authority. The factors underlying the observed pattern of conservation attitudes were identified as the inequitable distribution of benefits from the CWM project, and the limited nature of community participation in wildlife management. The importance of institutional issues for the future progress of participatory approaches to conservation with development is emphasized.
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Buchenrieder, Gertrud, and Roland Azibo Balgah. "Sustaining livelihoods around community forests. What is the potential contribution of wildlife domestication?" Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000596.
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ABSTRACTCommunity forest management is often advanced as a remedy for failing top-down approaches to nature conservation. Contingent on the property rights theory, it assumes that local participation in natural resource management results in sustainable structures. There is, however, insufficient empirical evidence on the intra-community dynamics – especially when households have unequal access to the local institutions managing the natural resource. This paper looks at the socio-cultural, economic and institutional situation of households with and without access to management institutions in communities around the Kilum-Ijim Mountain Forest in Cameroon and analyses whether livelihood differences are associated with variations in management patterns. The analysis reveals differences by household type and a mixed picture of the evolution of species in the community forests over time, questioning the role of the community in natural resource conservation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potentials of wildlife domestication for livelihoods and conservation in forest communities. The results are important in the light of ongoing conservation efforts in natural resource hot-spots in sub-Saharan Africa.
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White, Piran C. L., and Alastair I. Ward. "Interdisciplinary approaches for the management of existing and emerging human - wildlife conflicts." Wildlife Research 37, no. 8 (2010): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10191.
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Human–wildlife conflicts are increasing throughout the world, principally due to a combination of human population growth, increased pressure on land and natural resources and climate change. Many human–wildlife conflicts stem from differences in objectives between various stakeholder groups, especially where the wildlife in question is a resource that can be exploited for economic or cultural benefit, or where the conservation of wildlife is at odds with human population growth or development pressure. Conflicts can be exacerbated by an incomplete understanding of their causes and/or inappropriate intervention measures. Many traditional forms of intervention are also subject to increasing scrutiny and criticism from society. Here, we highlight the potential strategic benefits that can be made by an interdisciplinary approach to human–wildlife conflict situations, by integrating knowledge and understanding across the natural and social sciences. We also stress the potential tactical benefits from combining new approaches to management with more traditional ones. We emphasise the potential contribution of more recent developments in decision-making under conditions of limited data availability and uncertainty. Finally, we recommend that monitoring should play a more prominent role, both in assessing the role of stakeholder engagement in participatory decision-making and in contributing to the evidence base that will allow competing hypotheses about specific systems to be evaluated in an iterative manner.
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Tarimo, Kileti V., and Moses I. Olotu. "Local community participation in wildlife conservation and management in Rungwa Game Reserve, Tanzania." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0009.
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AbstractLocal community participation in wildlife conservation and management is known to have existed for many years. However, the socio-economic activities regarding community participation remain questionable. Incorporating the views of the local community in the process of decision-making and providing alternative livelihood solutions are important steps towards sustainable conservation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of community participation in sustainable wildlife management in Rungwa Game Reserve. A survey was conducted of the households in Rungwa and Mwamagembe villages with a sample size of 98 respondents. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from different respondents at a single point in time. The main research methods used for data collection included: questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, field observations, focus group discussions and a review of documents. Descriptive data were summarised and presented in frequency tables and charts. Content analysis was also used to determine relationships between the variables measured. The findings revealed both positive and negative effects of wildlife conservation and management. The results revealed that local communities provided confidential information pertaining to illegal activities. The findings further indicated that there was a failure of the game reserve authorities to allow meaningful local participation and equitable sharing of the benefits, which could be attributed to hatred, resentment, and illegal harvesting of natural resources from the game reserve, resulting in poor wildlife conservation. This study recommends the encouragement and a strengthening of the involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation for the sustainable utilisation of natural resources.
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Kreuter, Urs, Mike Peel, and Edward Warner. "Wildlife Conservation and Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa's Private Nature Reserves." Society & Natural Resources 23, no. 6 (April 20, 2010): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920903204299.
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Singh, Kiran. "WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE IN NATURAL RESOURCES: A STUDY IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i10.2015.2938.
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Women roles in Himalayas put women in direct contact with natural resources such as forests, water, land and wildlife. They utilize and conserve these resources to supply basic needs for their families. Therefore conservation of natural resources in rural areas cannot be done without the involvement and training of women. They need to be educated on the values, management and sustainability of natural resources as alternative sources of livelihood. But to have success, they must only be appreciated as invisible land managers, but must benefit from relevant incentives in their cultural roles. This paper examines the roles of women in natural resource conservation, since their traditional activities bring them into daily interaction with natural resources, their impacts, attitudes and belief on the management, exploitation and sustainability of natural resource is critical for resource use and sustainability.
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Schulz, Carl-Erik, and Anders Skonhoft. "Wildlife management, land-use and conflicts." Environment and Development Economics 1, no. 3 (July 1996): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x00000619.
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ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the conflict between wildlife conservation and its accompanying land-use in an East African context. In the model there are two agents. First, there is an agency managing the wildlife and the habitat of the wildlife, which is referred to as parkland. On the other hand, there is the group of agro-pastoralists living in the vicinity of the wildlife habitat, whose land-use is referred to as rangelands. The parkland is used for tourism production and hunting, while the rangelands are used for agro-pastoral production. Both agents will find it beneficial to expand their land-use, so there is a land-use conflict. This is analysed in two steps. First, social optimality is studied; then we study the utilization of the wildlife and its accompanying land-use when there is no unified resource policy and the park agency follows its self-interest. The effects on the two different management schemes of changing economic conditions, such as the recommendations of the CITES convention and a programme subsidizing agro-pastoral production, are discussed.
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Corace, III, R. Gregory, P. Charles Goebel, David M. Hix, Tracy Casselman, and Nancy E. Seefelt. "Ecological forestry at National Wildlife Refuges: Experiences from Seney National Wildlife Refuge and Kirtland’s Warbler Wildlife Management Area, USA." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85695-5.
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Although land management over much of the history of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has emphasized single-species management, recent policy has encouraged land managers to focus on broader ecosystem restoration goals. One framework for forest ecosystem management that is becoming more popular in the NWRS and other federal and state resource agencies has been termed “ecological forestry”—an approach to forest ecosystem management where the focus is on incorporating an understanding of the outcomes of natural disturbances and stand development processes into designing silvicultural practices. This approach stresses understanding the effects of natural disturbances on biological legacies, structural and compositional heterogeneity, and the recovery periods between disturbance events (including how this recovery period influences stand complexity). Recently, resource managers and ecologists from Seney National Wildlife Refuge, The Ohio State University, and Central Michigan University have partnered to examine how these guiding principles can be integrated into NWRS forest ecosystem management. Specifically, we are partnering to develop management strategies to help: 1) restore the once extensive mixed-pine forest ecosystems of eastern Upper Michigan; 2) mitigate the effects of the beech-bark disease complex on American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), a foundation species in northern hardwood forests of eastern North America; and 3) promote more natural forest patterns for wildlife species of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest ecosystems, including the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). These efforts are ongoing and will continue to be monitored over time. However, initial collaborations suggest that the NWRS provides an excellent crucible to study the application of ecological forestry principles and develop novel ways to manage forest ecosystems. Key words: ecological forestry, forest restoration, Kirtland’s warbler, National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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Brynaert, Kenneth A. "Recreational and Cultural Use of the Forests." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61166-2.
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Natural renewable resources are valuable national assets which form a part of Canadian culture and afford the opportunity for recreational and economic pursuits. The direction, however, in which our wildlife and forestry management practices and technology has taken us, over the past thirty-five to forty years, is fraught with serious pitfalls. If our country is to recover and restore the viability of our renewable natural resources, it is essential to seek a new approach whereby the utilization and management of these resources are founded upon the principles contained in the World Conservation Strategy. Inherent in that approach must be a clear understanding of all forest values, none of which may be discounted for single-interest benefits. The forestry industry must recognize that exercising its right to utilize timber resources embodies a responsibility not to degrade or infringe upon the legitimate interests of other resource users. Key words: recreation, forest management, cultural values, wildlife management.
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Owusu-Ansah, Nana. "Assessing How Collaborative Resource Management Impacts Victims’ Perspectives on Wildlife Crop Raids." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (November 1, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.11.
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Collaborative resource management has been touted as one of the ways conservation of wildlife resources can be improved, especially in off-protected areas. Three indicators were used to test whether collaboration between the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission of Ghana and local communities has any impact on farmers’ perspectives on crop raiding. The indicators were: (1) methods used by farmers to reduce raiding, (2) institutions to which farmers report raids, and (3) the kind of assistance needed to reduce raiding. The findings suggest there were no differences between the collaborative indicators and the two chosen study locations. However, on the question of institutions where raiding incidences were reported and location, the difference was significant (X2=14.523; DoF= 5; P=0.01261). In addition, there was a statistically significant relation between location and participants’ responses to species that raided their crops (X2=16.988; DoF=4; p= 1.943e-3). Participants from the two locations did not show differences in their responses to preventive methods. Male respondents mentioned the use of traps as their major preventive method, although this is against wildlife hunting regulations in Ghana. Educating and supporting farmers with appropriate preventive methods that reduce their losses to wildlife crop raiding is recommended to improve conservation.
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Twyman, Chasca. "Natural resource use and livelihoods in Botswana's Wildlife Management Areas." Applied Geography 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-6228(00)00016-3.
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Thompson, Ian D., and Daniel A. Welsh. "Integrated resource management in boreal forest ecosystems — impediments and solutions." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69032-1.
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The goals of integrated resource management in boreal forests are sustainable production of commercial forest products and conservation of biodiversity. An appropriate approach to achievement of both goals is through maintenance of ecosystem types at the landscape level. Conservation of wildlife (defined as all organisms) through holistic ecosystem management is a relatively new discipline in Canada. Ecosystem management causes certain problems for agencies attempting to pursue these goals resulting from: poor autecological knowledge, conflict of habitat requirements with timber harvesting goals, legacy of past forest management, lack of management regimes, and few techniques that are applicable at the ecosystem level. Steps toward a more integrated approach to forest resource management include: recognition of institutional short-comings, development of predictive models using a common language for foresters and wildlife managers, re-tooling with GIS technology and decision support systems, and development of habitat models to be used within landscape-scale management plans.
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Pienaar, Elizabeth F., Lovell S. Jarvis, and Douglas M. Larson. "Creating Direct Incentives for Wildlife Conservation in Community-Based Natural Resource Management Programmes in Botswana." Journal of Development Studies 49, no. 3 (March 2013): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.720366.
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Larson, Douglas M., Elizabeth F. Pienaar, and Lovell S. Jarvis. "Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana." Environment and Development Economics 21, no. 2 (June 26, 2015): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000194.
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AbstractTo improve wildlife conservation incentives in community-based natural resource management programs, a better understanding of rural communities' willingness to engage in wildlife conservation jobs is needed. We implement a discrete choice model explaining reservation wages for nine conservation jobs using contingent behavior data from rural Botswana residents. We present a model in which the conditional indirect utility function incorporates a more general value of time than has previously been used, and this specification outperforms the standard model. Sample estimates indicate that reservation wages are modestly higher for women than for men, and that residents have higher reservation wages for jobs requiring more exertion or involving more danger.
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Weladji, Robert B., Stein R. Moe, and Pål Vedeld. "Stakeholder attitudes towards wildlife policy and the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area, North Cameroon." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 4 (December 2003): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000353.
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In recent years, wildlife policies that consider the participation of stakeholders have been promoted. An understanding of the stakeholders' attitudes towards conservation and existing policies are critical in designing new policies or sustainable conservation strategies. This paper examines stakeholders' (local people, park staff and professional hunter guides) attitudes, towards the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area (BWCA) and towards Cameroonian wildlife policy. The BWCA encompasses the Bénoué National Park and its surrounding hunting concessions that also include some villages. Both the Park and the hunting concessions are two categories of protected areas. Data were collected using informal interviews and questionnaires administered to 114 households from three communities, 17 park staff and seven professional hunter guides. Local people's attitudes towards protected areas depended on the management category of the particular protected area. Local people were positive towards the existence of the Park, but negative towards the system of hunting concession areas. There was local variation between communities concerning these attitudes. Local people were generally positive to maintaining the present Park area, but preferred a reduction in the size of the hunting concessions. Both Park staff and professional hunter guides expressed concern about present management strategies and the extent of illegal resource exploitation. Despite having poor knowledge of the current Cameroonian wildlife policy, most of the local households expressed support for it, but called for increased local involvement in management, off-take and the harvesting of benefits from both Park and hunting concession activities. The Park staff were sceptical about local participation in this context and saw such endeavours as a threat to a sound biodiversity management scheme. The findings indicate the need to strengthen current wildlife policy, promote the involvement of local people and empower the Park staff, both in terms of resources and in terms of skills in interacting with local people. The revised policy should be designed so as to vary according to the category of protected area and allow site-specific adaptations. Local people must experience reduced incurred costs and increased incomes from the Park. An environmental education programme is recommended to extensively disseminate the policy to user groups in the area.
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Mananyi, A. "Optimal Management of Ecotourism." Tourism Economics 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669800400203.
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The ‘sustainability’ debate strongly suggests that the viability of ecotourism is in danger unless policies which promote the natural resource base are pursued. This paper considers the sustainability of ecotourism in the particular context of wildlife amenities, using dynamic analysis. It is well known that in the presence of externalities the competitive market equilibrium is suboptimal. Static and dynamic optimal tax policies are derived which are designed to decentralize the social optimum; thereby internalizing the externalities and guaranteeing the sustainability of both the wildlife species and tourism. In particular, the dynamic policy suggests that park authorities should increase taxes as the wildlife stock increases.
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Wang, Kai, Steven E. Franklin, Xulin Guo, Yuhong He, and Gregory J. McDermid. "Problems in remote sensing of landscapes and habitats." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 6 (October 14, 2009): 747–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309350121.
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Wildlife habitat mapping strongly supports applications in natural resource management, environmental conservation, impacts of anthropogenic activity, perturbed ecosystem restoration, species-at-risk recovery and species inventory. Remote sensing has long been identified as a feasible and effective technology for large-area habitat mapping. However, existing and future uncertainties in remote sensing will definitely have a significant effect on the relevant scientific research. This article attempts to identify the current challenges and opportunities in remote sensing for large-area wildlife habitat mapping, and accordingly provide possible solutions and directions for further research.
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Lawson, Justin. "Wildlife and Society: The Science of Human Dimensions." Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (2010): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100223.
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Wildlife and Society: The Science of Human Dimensions is a timely and important book focusing on the well-established field of human dimensions and natural resource management. A lucid and pragmatic book, with contributions from the leaders in the field, it makes clear and valid reasons for understanding the importance of people and their relationships to fish and wildlife. In particular, it is asserted that ?we need information on the who, what, where, when and why for all those interested in or affected by natural resource decisions anytime we are allocating and managing natural resources? (Brown, p.6).
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Bluwstein, Jevgeniy, Francis Moyo, and RosePeter Kicheleri. "Austere conservation: understanding conflicts over resource governance in tanzanian wildlife management areas." Conservation and Society 14, no. 3 (2016): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.191156.
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Shields, Andrew V., Randy T. Larsen, and Jericho C. Whiting. "Summer Watering Patterns of Mule Deer in the Great Basin Desert, USA: Implications of Differential Use by Individuals and the Sexes for Management of Water Resources." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/846218.
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Changes in the abundance and distribution of free water can negatively influence wildlife in arid regions. Free water is considered a limiting factor for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Great Basin Desert. Consequently, a better understanding of differential use of water by individuals and the sexes could influence the conservation and management of mule deer and water resources in their habitats. We deployed remote cameras at all known water sources (13 wildlife water developments and 4 springs) on one mountain range in western Utah, USA, during summer from 2007 to 2011 to document frequency and timing of water use, number of water sources used by males and females, and to estimate population size from individually identified mule deer. Male and female mule deer used different water sources but visited that resource at similar frequencies. Individual mule deer used few water sources and exhibited high fidelity to that resource. Wildlife water developments were frequently used by both sexes. Our results highlight the differing use of water sources by sexes and individual mule deer. This information will help guide managers when siting and reprovisioning wildlife water developments meant to benefit mule deer and will contribute to the conservation and management of this species.
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Dubey, Ashwani Kumar. "3rd International Research conference on Ecotourism & Environment (Souvenier)." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 01–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018/july.ews.
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Object: To provide a platform to Vice Chancellors, Educational Administrators, College Principals, Deans, Professors, Readers, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors, Scientists, Environmentalist, Researchers, Young scientists and Post Graduate Students to disseminate knowledge related to Ecotourism & Environment.
Theme: To take some positive steps towards improving our Ecotourism & Environment for future generation.
Goal: The moral obligation to act sustainably as an obligation to protect the natural processes that form the context of human life and culture, emphasizing those large biotic and abiotic systems essential to human life, health, and flourishing culture. Ecotourism and Environment, which are understood as dynamic, self-organizing systems humans have evolved within, must remain 'healthy' if humans are to thrive. The principal goal of this conference will be to present some of the latest outstanding breakthroughs in Ecotourism and Environment, to bring together both young and experienced scientists from all regions of the world, and to open up avenues for research collaborations at regional and global level.
The general topics covered in conference will be as under:
Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. Ecosystem: Aquatic, Terrestrial and Areal ecosystem, Ecology, Ecosystem and its conservation measure. Wildlife: Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation, Endangered, Threatened and Endemic Species Conservation, Strategy for wildlife conservation.
National and World Heritage: Heritage and Tourism, Importance of tourist, Tourist need, Eco-Tourism.
Technological Approach for sustainable development: Method and Technique for Ecotourism and Environment management, Bio-indicator, Application of bio-technology, Rural bio-technology, Tools and technique, Bio-markers, Climate change and Ecosystem management. Role of N.G.O. for Ecotourism, Environment, Wildlife and Heritage conservation
The general topics covered in the conference: Research Needs in Ecotourism, Research Needs in Environment conservation, Action plane for Ecotourism and Environment, Policy in Ecotourism and Environment conservation, Sustainable Ecotourism Development, Guide and Ecotourism, Role of NGO in Ecotourism, Community based Ecotourism, Role of Biodiversity in Ecotourism, Needs of Stakeholders for Ecotourism, International and National Heritage conservation, Assessment of Environmental impacts of Ecotourism, The Existing Knowledge of Ecotourism, Biological and Ecological Impact of Tourism, Pollution in Tourism area, Environmental study of Tourism area, Natural resource management, Wildlife and Forest conservation, Technological Approach Lab to Land.
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Rajski, Pauline Victoria, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE AND CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: A REVIEW OF SUCCESS FACTORS FROM A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.448.
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AbstractIntegrated Natural Resource and Conservation Development (INRCD) Projects is an umbrella term for a variety of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs), a concept first introduced by the World Wide Fund for Nature in the mid 1980s to target practice-oriented efforts in developing countries; and Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) research and development projects introduced as adaptive management for fisheries, wildlife, forest, and rangeland to target analysis-oriented efforts in developing and developed countries. Both efforts seek to balance economic development and natural resource conservation. This paper reviews the literature over the past four decades in an attempt to determine which planning and execution methods lead to greater success. A thematic analysis revealed three broad areas of importance: community inclusion and income diversification, inadequate training and management, and inability to properly quantify data. A systems design optimization approach for such projects is advocated to support project decision making in these areas of importance.
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Bamford, Andrew J., Daniella Ferrol-Schulte, and Jennifer Wathan. "Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration." Oryx 48, no. 4 (January 27, 2014): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000215.
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AbstractPopulation growth near protected areas threatens the capacity of such areas for biodiversity conservation. Protected areas may even encourage growth by providing economic benefits that attract migrants. Consequently, understanding the relationships between human demographics and biodiversity is important for conservation. We studied a community-governed Wildlife Management Area bordering the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania, set up to benefit local people and the subsistence rural economy. Annual population growth in this area is 5%. We used a combination of ecological and socio-economic surveys to determine the causes of this growth and its effect on wildlife in the Wildlife Management Area. One-third of local people interviewed were immigrants to the area. Population growth appeared to be unrelated to the protected area; instead an increasing proportion of immigrants cited readily available land as their reason for moving. Pastoralism was associated with fewer signs of large grazing mammals and elephants Loxodonta africana and agriculture was associated with fewer signs of elephant and buffalo Syncerus caffer but more signs of other ungulates. Few residents were aware of the Wildlife Management Area and few received any benefits from wildlife and therefore had little reason to conserve it. This situation is attributable to poor management of the Wildlife Management Area. Detrimental effects of human activity could spread to the Selous Game Reserve if population growth continues. However, natural resources could benefit residents if properly managed. Interactions between human demographics and protected areas are complex and may be best managed on a case-by-case basis.
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Lutter, Seth H., Ashley A. Dayer, Amanda D. Rodewald, Darin J. McNeil, and Jeffery L. Larkin. "Early Successional Forest Management on Private Lands as a Coupled Human and Natural System." Forests 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060499.
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Facilitating voluntary conservation on private lands is a crucial element of policies that seek to mitigate forest habitat loss and fragmentation around the world. Previous research emphasizes the role of social factors (e.g., landowner characteristics, economics) in forest management, but environmental outcomes of past management can also affect landowner decisions. Our objective was to evaluate how positive outcomes for wildlife and habitat might reinforce or amplify landowner efforts to manage forest habitats. We applied the lens of coupled human and natural systems to investigate private lands management for early successional forests, which are declining along with associated wildlife in rural areas of the eastern U.S. Efforts to restore early successional forest in this region involve active forest management to create patches of successional forest in native, mature mixed hardwood stands. By integrating field-based monitoring of wildlife with surveys of landowner perceptions, we examined how landowners observed, interpreted, and responded to property-scale ecological outcomes of forest management. We recorded presence of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) and American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) and estimated bird species richness in spring 2015 and/or 2016 on private properties located in the Appalachians (Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and Upper Great Lakes (Minnesota, Wisconsin). These properties were enrolled in early successional forest management programs administered through the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bird surveys were paired with landowner responses to a telephone survey conducted from January to May 2017 (n = 102). Most (71.6–81.6%) landowners’ perceptions of avian presence on their properties matched monitoring results. These perceptions were informed by personal observations and by outreach from agency partners and field technicians. Landowners who already completed their conservation program contracts (n = 85) continued managing early successional forests. Continued management for early successional habitat was positively associated with perceived benefits to birds, forest health, and scenery. Our findings give insight into how private landowners respond to environmental effects of forest management. We conclude that positive environmental outcomes of these conservation programs are related to continued early successional forest conservation by private landowners.
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Raihan Sarker, A. H. M., Amir Hossen, Ma Suza, and Eivin Roskaft. "Protected Area Versus People Conflict and a Co-Management Programme: A Case Study from the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n2p87.
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Conflicts over the conservation of natural resources at the community level occur in different forms and at various levels of severity. These conflicts can be defined as situations in which the allocation, management or use of natural resources results in attacks on human rights or denial of access to natural resources to an extent that considerably diminishes human welfare. However, the conflict between the authorities of the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary (DDWS) and local people over wildlife conservation is one of the most serious conservation issues in Chittagong region of Bangladesh. The DDWS is managed under a co-management programme, but there are many questions that have already been asked about the success of co-management in the study area. A total of 195 standardized, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were administered randomly to villagers. The majority of respondents reported that they did not receive any potential benefit from the DDWS, and almost one-third of respondents reported that they had problems with the DDWS. Almost all respondents reported that they were unable to control the damage caused by wildlife. More than 80% of respondents reported that the co-management approach was not effective in mitigating conflict between people and protected areas. More than 45% of the participants in co-management program reported greater effectiveness of the co-management approach than non-participants. Moreover, the respondents who received more benefits from the Protected Areas (PA) reported more effectiveness of the co-management approach than those who received less or no benefits from the protected area. Integration of local knowledge and preferences into the co-management process will ensure the sustainability of the co-management programme by minimizing the conflict between people and protected areas.
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Iliyasu Simon, Jennifer Che, and Lynne Baker. "University campuses can contribute to wildlife conservation in urbanizing regions: a case study from Nigeria." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 13 (September 26, 2020): 16736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6316.12.13.16736-16741.
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Globally, colleges and universities are increasingly mandating sustainability and environmental protection into their practices. To date, such institutions have focused their efforts on recycling and energy-use reduction and less on the management and conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats. However, in an increasingly urbanizing world, well-managed campuses can provide habitat and even refuge for wildlife species. On the campus of a sustainability-minded university in Nigeria, we used camera traps to determine the presence of wildlife and used occupancy modeling to evaluate factors that influenced the detectability and habitat use of two mammals for which we had sufficient detections: White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda and Gambian Rat Cricetomys gambianus. Our intent was to gather baseline data on campus wildlife to inform future research and make recommendations for maintaining wildlife populations. We detected wildlife primarily within less-disturbed areas that contained a designated nature area, and the presence of a nature area was the key predictor variable influencing habitat use. No measured variables influenced detectability. This study supports other research that highlights the importance of undisturbed or minimally disturbed natural habitats on university campuses for wildlife, especially in increasingly built-up and developed regions. We recommend that institutions of higher education devote greater resources to making campuses wildlife-friendly and increase opportunities for students to engage in campus-based wildlife research and conservation and other sustainability-related programs.
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Kato, Eri, Yuki Yano, and Yasuo Ohe. "Investigating Gaps in Perception of Wildlife between Urban and Rural Inhabitants: Empirical Evidence from Japan." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174516.
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A decline in natural resource management by rural communities has significantly contributed to human–wildlife conflicts, especially crop-raiding, in Japan. Collaborative wildlife management between existing rural stakeholders and new urban stakeholders is essential to address this problem. However, differences in the perception regarding wildlife exist between rural populations, which have ample direct experience with wildlife, and urban populations, which lack direct experience with wildlife. Consequently, this gap in perception can potentially lead to conflicts between stakeholders during collaborative wildlife management. In this study, content analysis, which has been extensively employed to analyze qualitative data, was performed to elucidate the differences in perception of wildlife between urban and rural stakeholders. An online survey was conducted in December 2016 to understand the perception of wildlife by stakeholders, in which 1401 responses were received. The results indicate that the urban individuals did not have a comprehensive understanding of wildlife and any positive views were primarily abstract. Conversely, rural individuals had diverse perceptions, both positive and negative. Therefore, a novel perceptual gap-narrowing approach based on staged interactions with the rural environment, is suggested. Introduction to rural issues through field-based experiences to urban stakeholders is likely to the narrow gaps in perception between urban and rural stakeholders, in order to allow for efficient and collaborative wildlife management.
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Kuhnen, VV, JO Remor, and REM Lima. "Breeding and trade of wildlife in Santa Catarina state, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 1 (February 2012): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000100007.
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The wildlife trade is becoming increasingly more relevant in discussions concerning conservation biology and the sustainable management of natural resources. The aim of this study was to document the trade and breeding of wildlife in Santa Catarina state, in southern Brazil. Data was collected from annual reports (1996-2008) of wildlife breeders which were sent to IBAMA. By the end of 2008, there were 79 wildlife breeders and 11 wildlife traders distributed in Santa Catarina. Commercial breeding accounted for the highest number of breeders (51%). In total, there are 213 species of wild animals bred in the state: 177 birds, 19 mammals and 17 reptiles. Of these, 48% are native to Santa Catarina, 32% occur in other Brazilian states and 20% are exotic to Brazil. Nine percent of the species bred are vulnerable or endangered. It was observed that some breeders reported breeding unauthorized species. Altogether, 93 species are bred illegally by 19 breeders. Of these species, 48 are native to Santa Catarina and three are classified as vulnerable or in danger of extinction. We hope the data presented in this paper contributes to the development of conservation strategies and conscious use of wildlife resources in Brazil.
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Sujarittanonta, Lavanchawee. "Voluntourism product development and wildlife conservation for Thailand." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-10-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore how an international business model was successfully developed to protect the environment, specifically, how the Wild Animal Rescue Foundation (WARF) of Thailand designed its unique eco-voluntourism products. Design/methodology/approach – Primary qualitative data were collected through ethnographic research, involving researcher participation and interviews, with the founder and the management team. Secondary data were also gathered through undergraduate and graduate students' experience with WARF, a television news reporter, and social media data from WARF's eco-voluntourists. Findings – It was found that the business model of WARF evolved through trial-and-error, whereby voluntourism projects were created in collaboration with stakeholders from both public and private sectors. The success of voluntourism lies in ensuring that the experience was rewarding for all stakeholders. Practical implications – WARF's voluntourism business model has high market potential to be developed cross-continents. The findings are optimistic and encouraging for managers and policy makers, particularly for countries that are endowed with natural resources. Eco-tourism and non-service green businesses also found good ideas from WARF to apply to their operations. Originality/value – It is extremely challenging to offer a tourism product that could add more value to eco-volunteers who already have high levels of knowledge in ecology. The WARF case demonstrates how extensive stakeholder collaboration makes it possible to create and manage experiences that would be perceived as a rare opportunity for educational eco-tourism.
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AMENU, BEKELE TONA. "Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010204.
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Amenu BT. 2018. Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints. Asian J For 2: 77-82. Ethiopia has various and diversified natural resources. Forests are one of the most valuable resources of our physical environments. It is one of the natural resources that have several benefits for the society. It constitutes various social, economic, and other uses. This review identified that forests are an important part of our state's environment and economy. When it managed well, forests provide clean air and water, homes for wildlife, beautiful scenery, places for recreation and more than 5,000 products we all use every day. Forest resources and forest lands should be managed and used in sustainable basis to fulfill the social, economic, cultural and spiritual needs of the present and future generation. By its nature, forestry is concerned with maintaining the quality of various nonmarket benefits. In forest management, trees are harvested for a variety of reasons including improving the health of the forest; controlling the types of trees that grow on the site; attracting certain wildlife species; providing a source of income for the landowner; producing paper, lumber and numerous other forest products; and improving access to the area for hikers, hunters and other recreational users. There are varieties problems, constraints, and opportunities of forest conservation and management system Address poverty and forest governance by promoting forest ownership and access rights. Promote greater recognition of the rights of local and indigenous groups and give greater attention to land tenure, ownership, and rights-to-resource, the greatest biodiversity losses in the world have occurred through habitat losses. Conversely, the greatest opportunities for ecological restoration will occur through land abandonment, and access issues In addition to this, the social, economic constraints and socio-economic factors are the major problems. The major constraints or problems are adequate appreciation of the role and value of forest and in adequate investment in forestry sector under the state plan etc. (internet). Constraints and factors such as poor management plan, lack of good resource management plan and policy were the main factors and constraints of forest destruction.
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Schmidt, Jennifer, Douglas Clark, Nils Lokken, Jessica Lankshear, and Vera Hausner. "The Role of Trust in Sustainable Management of Land, Fish, and Wildlife Populations in the Arctic." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093124.
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Sustainable resource management depends on support from the public and local stakeholders. Fish, wildlife, and land management in remote areas face the challenge of working across vast areas, often with limited resources, to monitor land use or the status of the fish-and-wildlife populations. Resource managers depend on local residents, often Indigenous, to gain information about environmental changes and harvest trends. Developing mutual trust is thus important for the transfer of knowledge and sustainable use of land resources. We interviewed residents of eight communities in Arctic Alaska and Canada and analyzed their trust in resource governance organizations using mixed-methods. Trust was much greater among Alaska (72%) and Nunavut (62%) residents than Churchill (23%). Trust was highest for organizations that dealt with fish and wildlife issues, had no legal enforcement rights, and were associated with Indigenous peoples. Local organizations were trusted more than non-local in Alaska and Nunavut, but the opposite was true in Churchill. Association tests and modeling indicated that characteristics of organizations were significantly related to trust, whereas education was among the few individual-level characteristics that mattered for trust. Familiarity, communication, and education are crucial to improve, maintain, or foster trust for more effective management of natural resources in such remote communities.
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E. Danquah, P. P. Agro, M. E. Nutsuakor,. "Expending Rangers’ Efforts in Estimating Incidence of Threats to Wildlife Conservation in a Protected Area." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v4i1.69.
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Wildlife resources monitoring is considered a critical aspect for documenting trends in wildlife threats and yet the process is often plagued with poor design and implementation. Management of the Kalakpa Resource Reserve (KRR) in Ghana relies on ad hoc conservation strategies in dealing with wildlife threats. The study assessed the rate and trends of threats to wildlife species using field patrol records from 2007 to 2012 of all observations of illegal activities encountered by wildlife guards during regular law enforcement patrols Jonckheere Terpstra Trend and Kruskall Wallis H tests were conducted to compare and determine the linear associations in the yearly and monthly encounter rates of illegal activity (IA) as well as evaluate variations in incidences of IA respectively over the study period. The study revealed eleven (11) categories of illegal activities were in the area which varied significantly in the rate of encounter over the years. Significant decreasing trends were also observed illegal activities. and on a downward trends. Law enforcement efforts in KRR were effective in reducing wildlife threats however, efforts should be made to adopt modern methods of detecting wildlife threats during field patrol activities.
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Temple, Andrew J., Selina M. Stead, Edward Hind-Ozan, Narriman Jiddawi, and Per Berggren. "Comparison of local knowledge and researcher-led observations for wildlife exploitation assessment and management." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000296.
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SummaryThe use of local knowledge observations to generate empirical wildlife resource exploitation data in data-poor, capacity-limited settings is increasing. Yet, there are few studies quantitatively examining their relationship with those made by researchers or natural resource managers. We present a case study comparing intra-annual patterns in effort and mobulid ray (Mobula spp.) catches derived from local knowledge and fisheries landings data at identical spatiotemporal scales in Zanzibar (Tanzania). The Bland–Altman approach to method comparison was used to quantify agreement, bias and precision between methods. Observations from the local knowledge of fishers and those led by researchers showed significant evidence of agreement, demonstrating the potential for local knowledge to act as a proxy, or complement, for researcher-led methods in assessing intra-annual patterns of wildlife resource exploitation. However, there was evidence of bias and low precision between methods, undermining any assumptions of equivalency. Our results underline the importance of considering bias and precision between methods as opposed to simply assessing agreement, as is commonplace in the literature. This case study demonstrates the value of rigorous method comparison in informing the appropriate use of outputs from different knowledge sources, thus facilitating the sustainable management of wildlife resources and the livelihoods of those reliant upon them.
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Osemeobo, Gbadebo Jonathan. "Animal Wildlife Conservation under Multiple Land-use Systems in Nigeria." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029386.
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To conserve a resource without having adequate data and finance is difficult and frustrating. The situation of wildlife in Nigeria is nevertheless different. Except in the Yankari, Upper Ogun, and Kwiabaha, Game Reserves, and the Kainji Lake National Park, little efforts have been made to protect the Nigerian animal wildlife resources from human pressure and widespread extinction. To many, what remains of the wild animals are best seen in the few state-owned zoological gardens in Nigeria. However, because most indigenous large animal species—including Elephant, Buffalo, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Rhinoceros, Leopard, and Ostrich—have not been able to reproduce in the various zoological gardens so far, the hope to conserve these animals is brittle. The questions are, what factors are working against wildlife conservation? Indeed, what hopes exist for Nigerian animal wildlife?Animal wildlife is a declining resource in Nigeria because of unplanned land-use practices. For example, landuses in game reserves are often conflicting and contradictory. Four land-uses: timber extraction, hunting, food-crop production, and settlement, are simultaneously going on in game reserves, with little or no control measures and with no management plans. The excessive demands for land for these conflicting uses have greatly disturbed the ecosystems involved, thus making the survival of the wild animals uncertain. Specifically, the problems of wildlife conservation in Nigeria are: (a) poaching; (b) indiscriminate burning of the vegetation; (c) uncontrolled grazing activities in the reserves; (d) intensive logging for domestic and industrial uses; (e) user rights on the reserves enjoyed by the traditional owners of the land before reservation; (f) lack of adequate funds to manage the reserves; (g) ineffective legislation; (h) lack of trained manpower; (i) urban sprawl; and (j) infrastructural development of roads, electric and telegraph lines, and irrigation schemes, all within the game reserves.The future for Nigerian animal wildlife depends on the nation's ability to conserve what is left either in their natural habitat or, at least, in zoological gardens. The task is not simple under conditions of economic depression, with inadequate manpower and without effective management of game reserves. In these circumstances, the game reserves should be reduced to manageable numbers, while state governments should win public sympathy through adequate conservation publicity and the provision of sufficient vehicles and personnel to manage the game reserves.The policy of land-use in game reserves should be reviewed, while researches should be conducted on (a) the levels of land-use that could be consistent with maintaining wild animals in the reserves, (b) the number and species of animals hunted per year, (c) the population of animal species in the game reserves and their habitat suitability, (d) the endangered and extinct animal species and specific reasons for the decline in their populations, and (e) human problems peculiar to each reserve and ways of minimizing them.
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BARAL, NABIN, and JOEL T. HEINEN. "Resources use, conservation attitudes, management intervention and park-people relations in the Western Terai landscape of Nepal." Environmental Conservation 34, no. 1 (March 2007): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892907003670.
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Various conservation models have been implemented in Nepal since 1973, however their impacts on resources use and conservation attitudes are scarcely known. To address the hypothesis that conservation attitudes should improve around protected areas (PAs) with more social and economic interventions, stratified random questionnaire surveys of 234 households were conducted in two PAs in the Western Terai of Nepal: Bardia National Park (BNP), in which interventions have been more widespread for longer time periods, and Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve (SWR), in which interventions are relatively recent. Both are part of a major landscape-level conservation programme under implementation in Nepal, and both are under threat of political turmoil, uncontrolled immigration, inefficient land reform policies and unsustainable resource use. There was spatio-temporal variability in resource use patterns and dependence. People collected eight and seven types of resources in BNP and SWR, respectively, and people in BNP were more dependent on resources overall. About 72% of respondents mentioned the problem of inadequate firewood, and suggested the promotion of alternative energy and permission to collect from PAs as mitigating strategies. Of 11 attitude statements, five significantly differed between the two areas. Respondents from the BNP had more favourable attitudes about conservation than those from SWR, supporting the main hypothesis. Training received by respondents, damage by wildlife, dependence on resources and satisfaction towards user groups contributed significantly to the variation in conservation attitudes. The results suggest that the liberalization of PA management has enabled the use of resources, improved livelihoods to some extent and solicited more favourable conservation attitudes in Nepal.
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Talukdar, Simi, and Abhik Gupta. "Attitudes towards forest and wildlife, and conservation-oriented traditions, around Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India." Oryx 52, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001307.
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AbstractWe examined attitudes towards forest and wildlife among Rabha, Bodo and Rajbongshi communities from three villages in the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary of western Assam, India. The study was conducted through open-ended and structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory rural appraisal. The respondents identified availability of forest products, biodiversity conservation and the aesthetic beauty of the forest as the major justifications for the establishment of Chakrashila as a protected area. They also believed that people and wildlife could coexist peacefully, although some respondents did not have a cordial relationship with Forest Department staff. Most respondents were favourably disposed towards the golden langur Trachypithecus geei because it did not harm anybody or damage crops, and because of its shining coat and its exalted status in their religious beliefs. They were antagonistic towards the rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta because of its crop-raiding habits, although they were averse to killing it. Most respondents did not want to relocate because they lacked skills and resources and had associations with the forest, where they maintained sacred groves and observed taboos on hunting and plant resource extraction. Thus, the attitudes of the communities were governed not only by their material needs and priorities but also by their deep-rooted cultural–religious bond with the forest. These matters would benefit from being incorporated into forest management strategies in developing countries.
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Csányi, Sándor, Róbert Lehoczki, and Krisztina Sonkoly. "National Game Management Database of Hungary." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2010100103.
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Advances in ecological science and increasing public environmental awareness have resulted in changes in the management of renewable natural resources. To achieve sustainable use of wildlife, managers need reliable data on populations, habitats, and the complexities of ecological interactions. The National Game Management Database (NGMD) was first mandated by the Hungarian Game Management and Hunting Law in 1996. In this paper, the authors summarize the origins, characteristics, development, and results leading to the final establishment of and uses for the NGMD. Goals of the NGMD are to store data on game populations and game management, provide input to spatial analyses and mapping, and to facilitate decision-making and planning efforts of game management administration. It contains information on the populations of game species, data from annual game management reports, trophy-scoring data, maximum allowed and minimum huntable population size, and maps and long-term game management plans for each GMU and the 24 game management regions. In Hungary, the NGMD was the first operating database in wildlife management and nature conservation providing full GIS capabilities, supporting geographical analyses.
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Petersen, Brian, and Diana Stuart. "Navigating Critical Thresholds in Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Olympic National Park." Journal of Extreme Events 04, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737617500075.
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As global climate change brings an increasing number of ecosystems closer to critical thresholds, land managers face new challenges regarding how to avoid and/or adapt to these dramatic changes. This paper focuses on park management for wildlife species in Olympic National Park, United States. The Olympic Marmot (Marmota olympus) and anadromous fish species are of specific concern, as ecosystems near thresholds due to warming temperatures, change in species interactions, and the loss or degradation of critical habitat. Interviews with 30 park managers and government agency staff indicate that there are many barriers to successfully navigating ecological thresholds. Park managers have limited resources for monitoring and priorities still focus on current conditions rather than anticipating future ecosystem change. In addition, many drivers of ecological change take place outside of park boundaries and require larger-scale approaches. In order to proactively navigate thresholds and protect wildlife species, park managers will need more resources, flexibility, and cooperation outside of park boundaries.
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Bastianto, Bastianto, Sukendi Sukendi, and Nofrizal Nofrizal. "Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Tanjung Belit di sekitar Suaka Margasatwa Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau." Jurnal Zona 3, no. 2 (March 6, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/jz.v3i2.38.
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One of the problems faced in the management of conservation areas, including wildlife reserves, is the community activities in and around the area to meet their daily needs. They in general have traditionally carried on their traditional lives and most of them live at a very subsistence economic level. Therefore the success of the management of conservation areas including wildlife reserves is very dependent on the attitudes and support of the community both at the local and national level. Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve has been determined by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the Decree of the Minister of Forestry number SK.3977/Menhut-VII/KUH/2014 on May 23, 2014 with an area of 141,226.25 hectares (BBKSDA Riau, 2015). Tanjung Belit Village, Kampar Kiri Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency is one of the villages bordering the Bukit Rimbang Hill Baling High School which has high public concern for the preservation of the forest, rivers and the surrounding environment. The people of Tanjung Belit Village have traditionally used natural resources in and around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area to fulfill their daily needs by farming / gardening and collecting forest products and other river products. However, the availability of these forest and river resources, if taken continuously, will certainly decrease both in quality and quantity. While the necessities of life always increase along with the increasing population and the progress of the times. Therefore efforts should be made to the community and natural resources, so that the availability of natural resources and the necessities of life can be improved. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the people of Tanjung Belit Village, identify the potential of Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, formulate the Tanjung Belit Village community empowerment strategy around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach to the survey method.he results showed the socio-economic conditions of the people of Tanjung Belit Village were still classified as poor and less skilled. However, local wisdom and a strong will to try to be a social capital in community empowerment. The potential of Bukit Rimbang Hill Bukit Baling has quite high potential from flora, fauna and nature tourism, but for the development of agricultural business is still limited due to the status of the wildlife reserve. The results of the study can be formulated a strategy of community empowerment in the village of Tanjung Belit around Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve; (a) optimize land use in agricultural business development; (b) encourage training activities to improve human resources in the context of community empowerment; (c) active community involvement in the management of the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area; (d) increasing cooperation support between the government and stakeholders in developing infrastructure supporting natural tourism around the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve.
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Jones, Walter Daryl. "Natural Resource Enterprises: Payments to Landowners for Ecosystem Services from Forests and their Management in the United States of America (U.S.)." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0005.
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Abstract Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.
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Dertien, Jeremy S., Courtney L. Larson, and Sarah E. Reed. "Recreation effects on wildlife: a review of potential quantitative thresholds." Nature Conservation 44 (May 28, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.44.63270.
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Outdoor recreation is increasingly recognised for its deleterious effects on wildlife individuals and populations. However, planners and natural resource managers lack robust scientific recommendations for the design of recreation infrastructure and management of recreation activities. We reviewed 38 years of research on the effect of non-consumptive recreation on wildlife to attempt to identify effect thresholds or the point at which recreation begins to exhibit behavioural or physiological change to wildlife. We found that 53 of 330 articles identified a quantitative threshold. The majority of threshold articles focused on bird or mammal species and measured the distance to people or to a trail. Threshold distances varied substantially within and amongst taxonomic groups. Threshold distances for wading and passerine birds were generally less than 100 m, whereas they were greater than 400 m for hawks and eagles. Mammal threshold distances varied widely from 50 m for small rodents to 1,000 m for large ungulates. We did not find a significant difference between threshold distances of different recreation activity groups, likely based in part on low sample size. There were large gaps in scientific literature regarding several recreation variables and taxonomic groups including amphibians, invertebrates and reptiles. Our findings exhibit the need for studies to measure continuous variables of recreation extent and magnitude, not only to detect effects of recreation on wildlife, but also to identify effect thresholds when and where recreation begins or ceases to affect wildlife. Such considerations in studies of recreation ecology could provide robust scientific recommendations for planners and natural resource managers for the design of recreation infrastructure and management of recreation activities.
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Zemanova, Miriam A. "New Online Resource on the 3Rs Principles of Animal Research for Wildlife Biologists, Ecologists, and Conservation Managers." Conservation 1, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation1020009.
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The Earth’s biodiversity is in crisis. Without radical action to conserve habitats, the current rate of species extinction is predicted to accelerate even further. Efficient species conservation requires planning, management, and continuous biodiversity monitoring through wildlife research. Conservation biology was built on the utilitarian principle, where the well-being of species, populations, and ecosystems is given priority over the well-being of individual animals. However, this tenet has been increasingly under discussion and it has been argued that wildlife researchers need to safeguard the welfare of the individual animals traditionally subjected to invasive or lethal research procedures. The 3Rs principles of animal use (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) have become the cornerstone of ethical scientific conduct that could minimize the potential negative impact of research practices. One of the obvious strategies to implement the 3Rs in wildlife studies is to use non-invasive or non-lethal research methods. However, in contrast to toxicological or pharmacological research on laboratory animal models, up to now no 3Rs databases or online resources designed specifically for wildlife biologists, ecologists, and conservation managers have been available. To aid the implementation of the 3Rs principles into research on wildlife, I developed an online resource whose structure is outlined in this paper. The website contains a curated database of peer-reviewed articles that have implemented non-invasive or non-lethal research methods that could be used as a guideline for future studies.
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Phuthego, T. C., and R. Chanda. "Traditional ecological knowledge and community-based natural resource management: lessons from a Botswana wildlife management area." Applied Geography 24, no. 1 (January 2004): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2003.10.001.
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