Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wildlife crimes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wildlife crimes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

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Chirisa, Innocent, Abraham R. Matamanda, Liaison Mukarwi, Romeo Dipura, and Tariro Nyevera. "WILDLIFE CRIME IN ZIMBABWE: IMPLICATIONS ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55190/otke7529.

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Using case law and thematic content analysis, this study tracks the major strands defining wildlife crime in Zimbabwe with a view to draw lessons that can be critical in policy implementation, policy monitoring, law making and for sustainability. Each year, Zimbabwe loses thousands of specimen wildlife (plant, animal and bird) to poachers. Crime reports about the trials of the poachers are prepared and yet, there is an absence of nuanced literature to track and review the meaningfulness of such reports. Among the commonly reported major wildlife crimes are the illicit trade in wildlife products, failure to comply with existing wildlife laws and the capturing of the near extinct pangolin. It emerged that the major motivating factors to wildlife crime are economic (income generation or wealth creation) and partly social. There are several deterrents from the global conventions such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and local laws but are failing to curtail wildlife crime. It is recommended that the use of information awareness can play a pivotal role in reducing wildlife crime as the main perpetrators of exhibit undue naivety and ignorance when it comes to conviction of their crimes. Keywords: Corruption, Crime reports, Enforcement, Illicit trade,Poaching
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Jota Baptista, Catarina, Fernanda Seixas, José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden, and Paula A. Oliveira. "Wildlife Forensic Sciences: A Tool to Nature Conservation towards a One Health Approach." Forensic Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 17, 2022): 808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2040058.

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Wildlife forensics is a science field with a remarkable potential to provide accurate information regarding nature conservation and One Health. Wildlife crimes are now a persistent target of public opinion and the concern of conservation professionals, which is constantly putting pressure on governmental and non-governmental entities. Moreover, the cross-species transmission of pathogens is becoming more and more frequent, endangering the interconnected health of humans, animals and the environment (One Health). This review intends to briefly present and illustrate the potential of wildlife forensic sciences not only in crime solving, but also regarding health sciences and species conservation. By allowing target species identification, recreating the crime scene, and considering their contribution to diseases and ecosystems’ surveillance, wildlife forensics are now constantly developing and improving. A cooperative and multidisciplinary approach (with the inclusion of forensic sciences) is necessary to avoid wildlife crimes, disease outbreaks, environmental disasters and to promote a sustainable and healthy future for all the living beings.
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Singla, Prasansha, and Sanya Sharma. "Forensic Wildlife: A Review." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.8222.9.

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Wildlife crime, defined as the illegal capture, disturbance, ownership, exchange, or movement of animals and/or their derivatives, is a rising international problem that poses a threat to many species' survival. The ‘crime scene' in such investigations can range from an animal carcass to terrain with topography as diverse as woodland or desert, as well as a variety of natural and man-made structures. The location of a wildlife crime scene is frequently remote, with insufficient facilities for thorough investigation and evidence collecting. These characteristics may pose particular issues in poorer sections of the world and countries suffering societal turmoil. Working at a wildlife crime scene necessitates the use of tools, investigation procedures, and scientific technologies that are all suited for the situation and the best available. A combination of portable and easy-to-use laboratory equipment, as well as current data gathering and information transmission systems, is likely to be required for effective inquiry in the field. It is critical to use an interdisciplinary approach. These tactics can be used to combat wildlife crimes and punish those involved in the illegal trafficking of animals, flora, and fauna, as well as their products. Footprint analysis, morphological and anatomical studies, microscopic inspections of bodily components, and molecular biology techniques such as serological, mitochondrial DNA, rRNA, and protein analysis are among these techniques. The well-documented methodology and techniques, as well as their disadvantages and advantages, have been thoroughly examined in this review, and will undoubtedly aid the court of law and scientists working in this field to reduce wildlife crime rates through scientific investigations.
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Nguyen, Duc Hanh, and Thi Mai Dinh. "Legal framework for wildlife farming benefits species conservation and preventing wildlife crimes in Vietnam." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017503025.

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Animal husbandry plays a certain role in economic growth of the agricultural sector. Compared with conventional husbandry, wildlife farming brings important, even many times greater economic benefits with certain species. At present, however, due to different objective and subjective factors, the raising of wild animals in Vietnam has not been adequately taken care of and faced several difficulties. The inadequate legal structure for wildlife farming has caused difficulties to farmers when finding breeding supplies and product output. In addition, wildlife criminals take advantage of agricultural operations to cover up their crimes, evade the detection and handle from the authorities. In order to contribute to promoting the development of agricultural economy in general, the economy of organizations and individuals participating in animal husbandry activities in particular, we aims at recognizing, examining and reviewing the existing legal system for wildlife-farming practices, crime situation and crime handling in Vietnam in recent years in this research. We will detect the difficulties, obstacles and inadequacies of the legal framework on wildlife farming, as well as the prevention and prosecution of wildlife crimes, propose strategies and guidelines for perfecting the law and appropriately implementing law provisions.
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ST JOHN, FREYA A. V., GARETH EDWARDS-JONES, and JULIA P. G. JONES. "Opinions of the public, conservationists and magistrates on sentencing wildlife trade crimes in the UK." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 2 (February 7, 2012): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291200001x.

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SUMMARYThe illegal trade in wild harvested plants and animals is a significant threat to populations and species worldwide. There is concern that in many countries sanctions for wildlife trade crimes are insufficient to act as a deterrent, and do not reflect the seriousness of offences. For these reasons it is important to understand professional and public opinions as to which aspects of such crimes make them more or less serious, and so deserving of a greater or lesser sentence. Conjoint analysis, a method used in marketing to understand which characteristics of a product are valued by consumers, was used to investigate which attributes of hypothetical wildlife trade offences (threat status and taxon of species involved, illegal profit, previous convictions and plea) UK-based conservation professionals, magistrates and the general public considered most important when sentencing wildlife criminals in the UK. Eighty-seven per cent of 682 respondents completed enough of the survey to be included in the analysis. Magistrates and the public considered illegal profit to be the single most important attribute, while conservationists considered the threat status of the species involved to be most important (considered second most important by magistrates and the public). Magistrates, when presented with adequate information, considered the threat status and corresponding legal protection afforded to wildlife when considering how serious a wildlife trade crime was, and doing so is in line with public opinion on sentencing such offences. This study highlights the importance of ensuring that judiciaries are presented with information concerning both the potential profit and conservation impact of wildlife trade crimes. Sentencing councils must develop appropriate guidelines to support judiciaries in their sentencing of wildlife crimes.
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Wagner, Kenneth, Stephen Owen, and Tod W. Burke. "Not Wild about Wildlife Protection? The Perceived Harmfulness, Wrongfulness, and Seriousness of Wildlife Crimes." Society & Animals 27, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341589.

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AbstractThe purpose of this research was to explore the perceived harmfulness, wrongfulness, and seriousness of wildlife crimes, such as illegal or unlicensed hunting or fishing. Research questions included how offenses against wildlife are perceived, compared to offenses against persons and property, and how perceptions of harmfulness and wrongfulness impact perceptions of wildlife offense seriousness. A survey modeled after previous studies of crime seriousness was administered to a college student sample. The results showed that wildlife offenses were ranked as less serious, harmful, and wrong than those against persons and property, and also less than those against companion animals and animals on farms. Perceived wrongfulness and harmfulness were significant predictors of perceived seriousness of wildlife offenses, with wrongfulness being the stronger predictor. Results are contextualized within theoretical frameworks that offer insights as to why wildlife crime is not viewed as seriously as other offense types.
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Kagli, K. Mekhala, and M. D. Krishna. "Need For Combating Wildlife Crimes." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-6270.2018.00013.2.

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Prisner-Levyne, Yann. "Wildlife Crime: Story of an International Law Lacuna." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 25, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 498–552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413_02501019.

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Wildlife crime and more precisely the illicit trade of wildlife products is one of the fastest growing international crimes in connection with narcotics trafficking, human trafficking and the small arms trade. Conducted mostly by transnational crime syndicates, wildlife crime is also a source of funding for terrorist groups and armed militias in conflict ridden states contributing to the erosion of the rule of law and environmental degradation which has been expressly acknowledged by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Yet, there is no dedicated international law instrument to tackle wildlife crime. Instead, the international community relies on international cooperation and a patchwork of international instruments none of which were originally designed to deal specifically with wildlife crime. Predictably, the current legal framework does not seem to contribute that much to the prevention and eradication of wildlife crime as wildlife populations worldwide keep plummeting. If at the legal level, the adoption of an international agreement to prevent, supress and punish wildlife crime could be a step in the right direction, maybe it is humanity’s relationship with nature which needs to be reassessed especially in the light of the probable zoonotic origin of COVID-19.
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Hrishakov, M. V. "Interpol activities against environmental crime." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 80 (January 20, 2024): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.47.

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The article focuses on describing the main areas of Interpol’s activities in combating environmental crime. It is indicated that Interpol’s activities in combating environmental crime include the following areas: crimes against wildlife, crimes in the field of fisheries, crimes in the field of forestry, pollution and related crimes. It is noted that an extensive structure has been created within the Organization to combat these crimes. In particular, a group responsible for combating environmental crimes was created - the Environmental Security Programme (ENS). The ENS aims to assist member states in effectively enforcing national legislation and international environmental law, as well as to ensure law enforcement cooperation, combine the efforts of various government agencies and encourage coordinated cross­border actions to maintain environmental security. It is noted that the activities of ENS are closely interrelated and supported by the Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Committee (ECEC). The ECEC helps INTERPOL to identify emerging patterns and trends in environmental crime and develop law enforcement responses to address identified threats; it acts as a strategic advisory group of INTERPOL on policy development and project implementation related to the prevention and suppression of environmental crime and law violations. It is emphasised that the ECEC has four working groups on crimes: Fisheries (FCWG), Forestry (FoCWG), Wildlife (WCWG) and Pollution (PCWG). Each group brings together forensic scientists and experts from around the world who work on threat-based activities and provide the Committee and INTERPOL with expert advice on how to respond to various threats. It is noted that INTERPOL also provides a range of other tools and services in the field of combating environmental crime: the I-24/7 system, notices, ecomessages, Regional Investigative and Analytical Case Meetings (RIACMs), Investigative Support Teams (ISTs), operations, National Environmental Security Task Forces (NeSts) etc.
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J., Waweru, and Dr Anita Kiamba. "Wildlife Security and International Relations." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 10 (2022): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61035.

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Kenya is endowed with an enormous biodiversity of ecosystems and wildlife species. This rich wildlife together with other attractions has for decades made the country an important tourist destination and hub for the lucrative tourist industry. Nonetheless, wildlife species continue to face threats such as commercial poaching for trophies and human wildlife conflicts that hinder their survival. It is important to mitigate these threats to ensure wildlife species do not go extinct and Kenya continues to pull tourists into the country. The absence of wildlife security poses a threat to international relations. This is because wildlife crimes increase global crime rates that often lead to instability in the global arena. Furthermore, wildlife crime has, throughout history, been a source of funding for rebel groups, militias and extremist groups like the Alshabaab in Somalia. These groups undermine good governance and development efforts of states. This study aims at analyzing the key threats to wildlife security in Kenya and international relations, examining the severity of wildlife threats both locally in Kenya and globally and establishing probable solutions that can be tailor-made to address threats to wildlife security in Kenya and international relations
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

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Loader, Rory James. "Impact of poaching on the marketability of safari lodges in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016405.

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This research is presented in three sections. Section 1 presents the research report in an academic paper format. Section 2 provides a comprehensive literature review and Section 3 describes the research methodology and methods employed during the research. The tourism industry is the fastest growing sector within the South African Economy, with over 2.6 million foreign tourists visiting South Africa each year. Wildlife, landscapes and scenery are cited as the primary attractions for visiting the country, with over 45 percent of tourists visiting at least one wildlife or nature reserve during their stay in South Africa (Kerley et al., 2011:2). Sixty percent of those tourists travelled for leisure purposes, with 643,883 of the tourists utilising safari lodge accommodation during their visit (Ruggles-Brise, 2013). The Eastern Cape achieved 3.1 percent; of those tourist arrivals, with a bed-night contribution of 734,339, compared to the 16.8 percent (1.9million) and 10.5 percent (1.07million) for Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces respectively (Ruggles-Brise, 2013). The Eastern Cape lodges represent less than half the bed-nights achieved by Mpumalanga and Limpopo lodges. Due to the number of possible bed-nights available to lodges in the Eastern Cape, it is increasingly important for individual lodges to provide a unique experience, in order to be competitive in attracting guests (Saayman, 2013:81). This was used form part of the foundation to this research in determining the marketability of three lodges in the Eastern Cape, which was derived from the attractiveness of the lodges, determined by guests visiting the lodges. This research follows on from four previous surveys commissioned by INDALO, the Eastern Cape Private Nature Reserve Association in 2004 Sims-Castley et al. 2004), 2006 (Langholz et al., 2006), 2008 (Snowball et al., 2008) and 2011 (Kerley et al., 2011). Part of the research was to identify the main attractions of the reserves. These previous surveys provided a foundation for this research to follow on investigating guest motivations for visiting the three sample lodges and to determine visitor perception of poaching and whether it would impact their motivations for visiting the reserve. In order to address the goals of the research qualitative data was gathered during survey interviews conducted at the three sampled reserves. Seventy five (75) guests were interviewed, equally over the three reserves. Quantitative data was also gathered during the interview surveys, utilising Likert scale questions, prompting guests to choose their top attractions, from which basic descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data being able to determine possible trends amongst respondents and lodges. Results verified guest motivations from the previous surveys, confirming that game viewing, especially the “Big 5” remained the most important attraction for visitors to the reserves while the availability of natural scenery and landscape, high end accommodation and service, the proximity to the garden route and being located in a malaria free area were also see as attractive attributes of the lodges as per the previous surveys. Where the gap in the research was indicated based on guests perception of poaching and whether it would impact their motivations for visit these lodges, impacting that lodges marketability (attractiveness). Results indicated that if they were unable to view the iconic ‘Big Five’ at the reserve due to the extent of poaching. Respondents indicated that the impact would likely and very likely impact their decision to choose the reserves over another reserve that could. Indicating the potential impact that poaching would have on lodges if they were to lose their iconic species which would spell the loss in attractiveness and therefore marketability.
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Nurse, Angus. "Policing wildlife : perspectives on criminality and criminal justice policy in wildlife crime in the UK." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496502.

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This research considers the enforcement of wildlife legislation in the UK. It examines the extent of wildlife crime, the role of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in helping to shape the public policy and police response to wildlife crime and the current position of UK wildlife legislation. A variety of animal and wildlife protection legislation is on the statute books but crimes such as egg collecting, bird of prey persecution, the illegal trade in wildlife and the illegal killing and trapping of animals such as badgers for sport continue.
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Mureithi, Ngatia Peter. "Unveiling the challenges of curbing wildlife crime in Kenya : evaluating the 3Cs solution." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2018. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1969/.

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This is an original thematic research thesis that investigated the causes that lead to the current unprecedented escalation of wildlife crime in Africa that threatens to destroy our global environment by decimating and driving our wildlife which is a global heritage to extinction. The research study which was conducted both in Kenya and in the United Kingdom, has developed unique and distinguishable proposals, methods and recommendations, referred to as the 3Cs solutions, which can be effectively utilized in combating and curbing wildlife crime at a global scale. Nature has provided very delicate and sophisticated ecological systems where all plants and animals have very important roles that they play which keeps this planet Earth’s environment habitable. The realization that the future of this World and the entire human race is greatly linked to these global ecological systems and their biodiversity balance has caused a new global awareness and eagerness to view these eco-systems and the entire global environment as one and to halt destruction of any of these eco-systems taking place anywhere on planet Earth. Wildlife crime is currently the greatest threat to the ecological system and its bio-diversity balance in Africa and by extension to the global environment, as it is destroying an ecological and bio-diversity system of a globally important biome and green belt area south of the Sahara. East, Central and Southern Africa have been identified as the largest source markets that supply illegal wildlife trophies to the consumer markets in the Far East Asia, Western Europe the Middle East and the USA. Yet some of these supply source countries have functioning legal systems that have failed to curb this crime. Kenya is one such country. Kenya was selected for this study because it is the region’s major logistics and trading hub for illegal wildlife crime trophies. Kenya has a functioning Criminal Justice System mandated to combat wildlife crime yet it has badly failed to do so. The three departments within that Criminal Justice System which are mandate to protect wildlife by enforcing wildlife crime laws in Kenya are Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) warders for policing, the Prosecution and the Judiciary. The main purpose of this study was therefore to investigate and understand why a functioning legal system is unable to combat wildlife crime by determining the challenges it faces in curbing this vice. The study focused on wildlife crime committed for commercial export purposes and identified 5 prime species that are targeted for their trophies for illegal export which are the elephant, rhino, lion, leopard and cheetah herein after referred to in this study as the ‘Charismatic Five. The study employed Empirical research methods to conduct the research and to answer the research questions. Qualitative and quantitative research techniques were utilized. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design in order to assist the researcher achieve the objective of the study. Five national parks were selected for the study being the parks where the charismatic 5 wildlife species are abundantly found and therefore the targeted parks by poachers. The population of the study were therefore Kenya Wildlife Service Wardens in the selected national parks, Magistrates and Prosecutors serving in the courts where these parks are located. A peer review of this study’s research tool was first done followed by pilot study carried out at the Nairobi National Park in Kenya, which tested and found the research tool to be suitable, reliable and valid to achieve the overall research objectives. The main survey was conducted in Kenya and took over 4 months for data collection to be completed. Data analysis was done in the United Kingdom. Inferential statistics were used in drawing conclusions. Out of the 156 questionnaires distributed, 152 were completed and returned, representing a 97% response rate due to massive interest shown on the topic by the respondents. The study identified 20 causes and challenges being experienced within the criminal justice system and made recommendations for each challenge that offers the best solution to resolving that challenge. This research study has developed and promulgates some conclusive proposals as its original contributions to knowledge. These contributions are supported by analytical and empirical evidence from this research study and are as follows: Firstly, it challenges the Apocryphal Cause that corruption is the cause of the escalation of wildlife crime. Based on the evidence collected through this research, it can now be categorically and authentically proved that the sudden upward surge of demand in wildlife trophies in the consumers markets of the Far East Countries is the leading cause of escalation of wildlife crime in the source markets like Kenya. Secondly, this study has developed a new concept called ‘The 3Cs’ concept, through which it proposes and offers new methods for combating wildlife crime. The concept is conceptualized and propounded in a pack consisting of The Concept; The 3Cs Test; The 3C’s Model; and, the 3 Cs Application Tool Kit. Overall, it is sincerely hoped that the finding of this research will dominate discussions in the global arena dealing with wildlife crime and contribute tremendously as a solution to this global cause.
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van, Asch Edward. "Exploring the effectiveness of international cooperation to combat transnational organized wildlife crime : lessons learned from initiatives in Asia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19161/.

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The thesis aims to explore the effectiveness of international cooperation to combat transnational organized wildlife crime by analysing some lessons learned from two specific initiatives in Asia: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ Wildlife Enforcement Network (ASEAN-WEN) and the Border Liaison Office (BLO) Mechanism. However, both exploring and measuring effectiveness are part of a difficult puzzle. To fit all the pieces of the puzzle together, the research explores the international framework within which the illegal wildlife trade is combated as well as the role of the various actors involved. The illegal wildlife trade is then examined as a transnational organized crime. This is followed by an analysis of the emergence of new structures or initiatives developed to facilitate cooperation and coordination to combat the illegal wildlife trade in Asia, and Southeast Asia in particular. The research provides a process evaluation of the initiatives on the illegal wildlife trade and cross-border cooperation and is grounded on findings which are constructed around themes identified based on available literature and perceptions of participants involved in the initiatives. The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of two existing efforts in Asia and attempts to measure their effectiveness as organisations, though it is not possible to undertake an outcome evaluation. It also identifies ways to strengthen both the effectiveness of efforts and the way one could analyse or measure their effectiveness. This includes exploring the challenges of cooperation and the various actors involved; considerations on wildlife crime as a serious transnational crime and combating it through platforms for cooperation, and; exploring and measuring the effectiveness of the different initiatives in a process evaluation. Given the pervasive role of corruption, some reflections on this important matter are included. The thesis concludes with some thoughts for future research and engagement for the broader research community as well as practitioners or organizations involved in similar efforts to combat transnational organized wildlife crime.
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Duporge, Isla. "Analysing the use of remote sensing & geospatial technology to combat wildlife crime in East and Southern Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302657.

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This thesis analyses the use of remote sensing technologies in efforts that seek to combat wildlife crime in East and Southern Africa. Companies and organisations working on the development of remote sensing technology used for anti-poaching efforts, in the study region, are identified through the creation of a database. The social impacts and risks involved in using these technologies are then outlined by analysing the responses to a research survey from those in the conservation community working with wildlife crime. The species focus is on rhino and elephant poaching, thus, the thesis begins with a background on the legislation surrounding both the hunting and trade of these species. Stockpiling of rhino horn and elephant tusk will be discussed as well as other anti-poaching strategies that do not use remote sensing technology. Three key research questions are then answered: Which remote sensing technologies are in use and what kinds of companies and organisations are mainly working on their development? What are the main risks of using remote sensing technology to specifically target wildlife crime in this region? And can the increased use of remote sensing technologies to combat wildlife crime be regarded as an extension of the militarised approach to conservation? The last question is discussed in relation to existing research on this topic. Considering the findings from this paper, recommendations for further research are then made.
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Tuan, Do Anh. "Measuring the effectiveness of the enforcement of organised wildlife trade crime : a comparative assessment between Vietnam and England and Wales." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525193.

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Wong, Rebecca W. Y. "The organisation of the illegal tiger parts trade in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a373846-393c-47ab-b297-8e389d906b49.

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The thesis is a study of how Chinese illegal tiger parts trading networks are organized. In particular, this thesis tests in a qualitative manner the causal relationship between three independent variables and the network organizations of these markets. The three independent variables are “ethnicity”, “level of enforcement” and “proximity to the source country”. The thesis also discusses the dynamics of the illegal transactions of tiger parts products. Legitimate meditators or dispute resolutions mechanisms are lacking in the underworld so the risks, which the parties undertake during trading, are far higher. This thesis explores how illegal transactions are enforced, carried out and honored in this trade. In order to map the organization of the tiger trade, I conducted fieldwork in three trading hubs across China: Lhasa. Kunming and Xining. I discovered five tiger parts trading networks, three of which specialized in the trading of tiger skins and two in tiger bones. Within these networks, the level of perceived but not the actual level of risk influences the decisions of the actors in the network. Entry into the network is easy when the perceived level of enforcement is low. In these settings, there is no ethnic restriction for entering the network; the supplier is willing to trade with anyone with a trustworthy reputation. On the other hand, accessibility to the network is strictly controlled when actors perceive a high level of enforcement in their operating environment. Under this setting, the organization of the network becomes more exclusive and ethnically homogenous, as shown in the Tibetan tiger skin-trading network in Lhasa and the tiger bone-trading network in Kunming. The proximity of the tiger source country to the re-distribution sites (fieldwork cities) also influences the organization of the networks. When the level of enforcement is low and the tiger source country is far away from the re-distribution sites, a monetary deposit is required in order to show that the buyer is serious about his/her request, as shown by the tiger skin-trading network in Kunming.
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Cohen, Chelsea. "The need for harmonisation of wildlife crime laws in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) A case study of the illicit abalone trade." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31320.

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The illicit wildlife trade (IWT) is the fourth most lucrative form of organised crime globally (Donnenfeld & Aucoin, 2017:1). The Global Financial Integrity (GFI) reports that IWT is one of the most profitable and illicit economies with a profit margin of US$ 23 billion annually (May, 2017:np). It has developed into one of the most expensive security challenges. Affecting a broad range of plants and animals, the illegal trade in wildlife deprives nations of their biodiversity, income opportunities, natural heritage and capital (Nowak, 2016:1). Although governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and locals have sought to protect wildlife in the past, entire species of animals and plants are still in danger. To complicate matters, wildlife crime is no longer nationally bound and has moved to a highly sophisticated and a transnational problem (Steyn, 2017:np). Wildlife criminal syndicates exploit weaknesses in neighbouring countries criminal justice systems and porous borders amongst other elements making it easier for the crime to be transboundary in nature (Pienaar, 2014:2; Steyn, 2017:np), through loopholes derived from inconsistent neighbouring countries’ wildlife laws. This is due to each country listing country-relevant species and developing legislation suitable to their needs. However, the dynamics of wildlife crime being transnational and perpetrated by organised criminal networks cannot only be dealt with at a national level, as this may aid in the exploitation of wildlife crime laws and the above-mentioned loopholes (Warchol & Harrington, 2016:25). IWT has become a serious and global problem and has developed into a well organised criminal activity, involving multiple TCN’s. Its clandestine nature, coupled with it being deemed as a low risk crime has allowed it to extend into other forms of TOC’s in the SADC region. South Africa’s abalone crisis has moved from a national wildlife crime to that of a regional one. This is as a result of the TCN’s being involved in the poaching and smuggling of the marine mollusc at a rapid rate. Furthermore, East Asian criminal groups in collaboration with local Cape Flats gangs have successively used the illicit abalone trade to facilitate the drug trade in Cape Town. Although great efforts have gone into the protection of wild fauna and flora there the low risk of detection and weak deterrence due to low penalties in neighbouring SADC countries aid in the illicit trade. International regulatory frameworks such as CITES have undoubtedly been a key factor both in terms of raising awareness and developing collective responses and strategies to control the wildlife trade. However, like that of CITES, most international and regional treaties are only regulatory and require domestic laws to regulate the regional trade in endangered species. Ultimately, what is required is a domestic consensus in neighbouring countries laws to stop IWT.
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Ly, Adama 1953. "Resolving Senegal's crisis of renewable natural resources: A framework for policy development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278576.

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The renewable natural resources (RNR) of Senegal form the basis of socioeconomic development for the population of this Sahelian country of West Africa. However, because of the current maladapted policies and practices, these resources are in a crisis that has led to a major degradation of the socioeconomic and environmental conditions. To solve these socioeconomic and environmental problems, many solutions have been developed and implemented. However, because of their disregard for both socioeconomic and traditional cultural values, these attempted solutions have often contributed to the problems. To resolve this crisis, Senegal needs to adopt a new integrated management approach along with new integrated natural resources tenure and decentralization policies. Considering the country's limited economic means, the urgent need for policy change, and the necessary progressive implementation of a new policy, this new natural resources policy will need to be developed incrementally. It should take into account the existing policies and examine different alternatives from the current ecological, economic, and sociocultural situation.
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Suutarinen, J. (Johanna). "Ecology of lawbreaking:effects of poaching on legally harvested wolf populations in human-dominated landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222271.

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Abstract Illegal killing of wolves (hereinafter ’wolf poaching’) in human-inhabited areas where wolves are also legally harvested is a special case of wildlife crime. This doctoral thesis examines wolf poaching in Finland and Sweden from the ecological perspective. In the first paper, we examined the causes of mortality among collared Finnish wolves and the role of estimated poaching rates on population changes. The second paper related the likelihood of being poached to covariates expressing different dimensions of the wolf conflict at two spatial scales (territory and country level) in Finland. Third paper turns the focus to Sweden, where we examined the disappearances of adult wolves in relation to population size, legal harvest and inbreeding. The first two studies were done in collaboration with the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and the third with the Scandinavian wolf research project SKANDULV. Poaching outnumbered other causes of death. Most poaching cases were unverified. Other causes of death were legal harvest, traffic and natural mortalities. Both populations had a relatively high number of wolves with unknown fates. Inbreeding was not related to the disappearances of adult wolves in Sweden. Remoteness to human inhabitation and the detectability of the wolves from the forest roads (road crossings by wolves) increased the likelihood of poaching in Finland. Adult wolves suffered high risk of poaching in both populations. Risk was highest in early spring in Finland. Larger population size increased and the number of legally harvested wolves decreased poaching in both countries. Poaching seemed to limit the study populations despite the management efforts that used legal hunting as a tool to increase tolerance towards wolves
Tiivistelmä Suden ja ihmisen rinnakkainelo johtaa konflikteihin, joiden lievittämiseksi susikantoja rajoitetaan usein luvallisella metsästyksellä. Suteen kohdistuu lisäksi laitonta tappamista eli salametsästystä. Tämä väitöstutkimus selvittää salametsästyksen ekologisia vaikutuksia Suomen ja Ruotsin susipopulaatioihin. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä selvitimme suomalaisten pantasusien kuolinsyitä, arvioimme salametsästyksen voimakkuutta ja sen vaikutuksia populaatiotasolla. Toisessa osatyössä tarkastelimme susikonfliktiin liittyvien ennustetekijöiden vaikutusta laittomasti tapetuksi tulemisen riskiin reviiritasolla ja koko Suomen mittakaavassa. Kaksi ensimmäistä osatyötä tehtiin Luonnonvarakeskuksen (Luke) suurpetotutkimuksessa. Kolmas osatyö tehtiin osana skandinaavista susitutkimushanketta (SKANDULV). Siinä selvitimme populaatiokoon, luvallisen pyynnin ja sukusiittoisuuden vaikutuksia aikuisten susien katoamiseen Ruotsissa. Salametsästys oli susien yleisin kuolinsyy, mutta suurin osa tapauksista jää toteen näyttämättä. Muita kuolinsyitä olivat luvallinen metsästys, liikenne ja luonnolliset kuolinsyyt. Aineistoissa oli runsaasti kohtaloltaan tuntemattomaksi jääneitä yksilöitä. Yksilöiden sukusiittoisuusaste ei ollut yhteydessä susien katoamisiin Ruotsissa. Syrjäinen sijainti ja susien havaittavuus metsätiestöltä lisäsivät laittoman tapon todennäköisyyttä Suomessa. Salametsästysriski oli korkein kevättalvella. Aikuisilla susilla oli huomattavan korkea riski tulla laittomasti tapetuksi. Tutkimuksen perusteella salametsästyksen määrää selittävät erityisesti susipopulaation kulloinenkin koko ja luvalliset pyyntimäärät. Suurempi susikanta lisäsi salametsästystä ja metsästyslupien määrä vähensi sen riskiä. Salametsästys vaikuttaa säädelleen susikantoja siitä huolimatta, että susikonfliktia on pyritty lieventämään luvallisella metsästyksellä
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Books on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

1

Obrecht, Jeff. Wildlife crime: Stories from Wyoming's wildlife officers. Edited by Wyoming. Game and Fish Department. Cheyenne, Wyoming: Wyoming Game & Fish Department, 2013.

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warden, Kumar Ashok wildlife, and Wildlife Protection Society of India., eds. Wildlife crime: An enforcement guide. Dehra Dun: Natraj Publishers in association with Wildlife Protection Society of India, New Delhi, 1998.

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warden, Kumar Ashok wildlife, and Wildlife Protection Society of India., eds. Wildlife crime: An enforcement guide. 2nd ed. Dehradun: Natraj Publishers in association with Wildlife Protection Society of India, New Delhi, 1999.

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Wallace, John R. (John Robert), 1960-, ed. Wildlife forensics: Methods and applications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Alan, Stewart. A lone furrow: The continued fight against wildlife crime. Glendaruel: Argyll Publishing, 2011.

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Wildlife detective: A life fighting wildlife crime. Glendaruel, Argyll, Scotland: Argyll Pub., 2008.

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The thin green line. Glendaruel: Argyll Pub., 2009.

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Stewart, Alan. The thin green line. Glendaruel: Argyll Pub., 2009.

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Milliken, Tom. The South Africa-Viet Nam rhino horn trade nexus: A deadly combination of institutional lapses, corrupt wildlife industry professionals, and Asian crime syndicates. Johannesburg, South Africa: TRAFFIC, 2012.

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Kamweti, David. Nature and extent of environmental crime in Kenya. Pretoria: Institute of Security Studies, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

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Warchol, Greg. "Policing wildlife crimes." In Policing the Global South, 353–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003126409-30.

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van Uhm, Daan P. "Crimes Against Nature." In The Illegal Wildlife Trade, 49–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42129-2_4.

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Uhm, Daan van. "Wildlife and laundering." In Green Crimes and Dirty Money, 197–211. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351245746-11.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "Wildlife trafficking in Colombia." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 137–55. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-9.

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Cao, Deborah. "Wildlife Crimes and Legal Protection of Wildlife in China." In Animal Law and Welfare - International Perspectives, 263–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26818-7_12.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "Introduction to the legal and illegal abduction, theriocide and trafficking of endangered animals." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 1–22. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-1.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "The animal victims in Colombia and how they are abused." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 156–88. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-10.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "Responses to wildlife trafficking by the Colombian authorities." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 189–202. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-11.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "How to respond to the harms of wildlife trafficking." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 203–15. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-12.

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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. "Animal victimization in Norway and Colombia." In The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking, 216–29. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315550428-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

1

Tomić, Marija, Nada Curović, and Ivan Milanov. "METODE PRAĆENJA I UBLAŽAVANJA UTICAJA VISOKONAPONSKIH NADZEMNIH VODOVA NA PTICE." In 35. Savetovanje Srpskog nacionalnog komiteta Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre35.0858t.

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Serbia is characterized by a high degree of biodiversity due to its ecologically favorable location. According to previous research, 74% of the avifauna of Europe is located on the territory of our country, with 42 areas important for birds (IBA - Important Bird Area). One of the products of rapid development of the modern world and the growing need for electricity are omnipresent transmission lines. Overhead high voltage lines, as linear infrastructure elements for the transmission of electricity, according to research, have been identified as one of the causes of bird mortality induced by humans. The need to protect wildlife has become more important than ever due to the current climate and environmental crisis. The strategy of preserving the increasingly disappearing bird fund requires primarly the identification and protection of the most important bird habitats, which requires the cooperation of experts from several different scientific fields. This paper represents technical and technological methods for reducing the negative impact of overhead high voltage lines on natural habitats and migration routes of birds, in other words, it represents methods for reducing bird mortality caused by collision with conductors and ground wires, both in Serbian transmission system and in the world. Furthermore, models for monitoring and analyzing the impact of overhead high voltage lines on birds, whose application in the future is also considered in our transmission system, are also presented.
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Reports on the topic "Wildlife crimes"

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Keatts, Lucy, Wayne Boardman, and Anne-Lise Chaber. Standard Operating Protocols to Support Conservation, Health, Welfare and Successful Prosecution of Wildlife Crimes Part 2: Live Wildlife Crime Scene Investigation. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2022.report.45212.

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Keatts, Lucy, Wayne Boardman, and Anne-Lise Chaber. Standard Operating Protocols to Support Conservation, Health, Welfare and Successful Prosecution of Wildlife Crimes Part 1: Handling and Management of Confiscated Live Wildlife. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2022.report.45209.

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