Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wildlife damage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wildlife damage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Watson, Simon. "Wildlife Damage Control." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 2 (2008): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc08147a.

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EFFECTIVE wildlife management needs to be based on the application of sound scientific principles and concepts. Both of these books provide a framework for the application of concepts and principles to wildlife management problems and attempt to bridge the gap between research and its application in management. Conservation of Wildlife Populations, by L. Scott Mills, explains theories, concepts and principles developed in the field of population biology, and their management applications. It encompasses population ecology, demography and population genetics. Wildlife Damage Control, by Jim Hone, identifies and explains the application of principles involved in assessing and controlling damage caused by wildlife.
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VAN DER PEET, SYLVIA. "Wildlife Damage Control." Austral Ecology 32, no. 6 (September 2007): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01786.x.

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Karanth, Krithi K., Shivangi Jain, and Erika Weinthal. "Human–wildlife interactions and attitudes towards wildlife and wildlife reserves in Rajasthan, India." Oryx 53, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001028.

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AbstractHuman–wildlife interactions affect people's livelihoods, attitudes and tolerance towards wildlife and wildlife reserves. To investigate the effect of such interactions on people's attitudes and livelihoods, we surveyed 2,233 households located around four wildlife reserves in Rajasthan, India. We modelled respondents’ attitudes towards wildlife and wildlife reserves, experience of crop damage and livestock predation, and likelihood of mitigation use. Crop damage was reported by 76% of surveyed households, and livestock predation was reported by 15%. Seventy-one percent of households used at least one of eight mitigation measures against crop damage, and 19% used at least one of seven mitigation measures against livestock predation. We found that male respondents and households with a higher level of education valued wildlife and wildlife reserves more. Households at higher elevations and growing a greater variety of crops were more prone to crop damage. Proximity to reserves, elevation and larger livestock herds were associated with a higher incidence of livestock predation. Households in which a member had > 12 years of schooling and households with a history (6–10 years) of interaction with wildlife (i.e. crop damage) were most likely to use mitigation against crop damage. Households that owned more livestock and had a history of interaction (1–5 years and > 10 years) were most likely to mitigate against predation. Our comparative study provides insights into factors that influence interaction and tolerance, which could be used to improve existing management and prevention efforts in Rajasthan.
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Flores-Armillas, Victor Hugo, Xavier López-Medellín, Raúl García Barrios, Ian MacGregor-Fors, and David Valenzuela-Galván. "Landscape Features Associated with Damage to Maize (Zea mays) Fields in Central México: A Comparison of Wind and Wildlife Damage." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100460.

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Damage to maize (Zea mays) fields leads to negative attitudes towards wildlife that can affect conservation. In a Biosphere Reserve in central Mexico, local inhabitants perceive that wildlife causes major damage to maize fields. Therefore, we quantified maize damaged by wildlife species and by wind, and we explored whether this was related to the proportion of land-use categories in the landscape surrounding maize fields and the distance from maize fields to the nearest human settlements, water sources and forest patches. We quantified damaged maize plants and cobs in 180 samples from six 100 m2 quadrats in each of 30 maize fields. On average, damage in maize fields was less than 2% and 6.5% of the total maize cobs and plants, respectively. The white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were responsible for most of the total damage to maize cobs, while wind was responsible for most of the damage to plants. Classification and regression tree analyses (CARTs) revealed that the highest levels of maize cob damage occurred in maize fields with less agricultural land cover in the surrounding landscape units and with longer distances to the nearest villages. Measured levels of maize damage were lower than the amount of damage perceived by local inhabitants. This human–wildlife conflict should be further addressed in the study area to avoid negative consequences for wildlife conservation.
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Kalam, Tamanna, Tejesvini A. Puttaveeraswamy, Rajeev K. Srivastava, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, and Priya Davidar. "Spatial aggregation and specificity of incidents with wildlife make tea plantations in southern India potential buffers with protected areas." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 11 (August 25, 2020): 16478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5590.12.11.16478-16493.

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Abstract: Many wildlife species survive in human-modified landscapes and understanding the opinions of those who share space with wildlife will aid conservation efforts. Using a questionnaire, we assessed the presence of 12 mammal species in 78 tea plantations in the Nilgiris, southern India. We obtained data on (i) plantation size, location, and elevation, (ii) species presence over a year, (iii) type and number of wildlife incidents caused, (iv) financial cost of wildlife damage, and (v) support for wildlife conservation. We used a generalized linear model to assess whether the distance to protected areas, elevation, and plantation size influenced species presence and the effect of these variables and wildlife incidents on support for conservation. Among all species reported, Bonnet Macaque, Wild Boar, and Porcupine were the most widespread, and the former two and the Gaur reportedly caused >50% of damages. Crop damage was the most frequent (74%, n = 244), whereas livestock predation, attacks on people, and infrastructure damage constituted <10% of incidents reported. The cost of wildlife damage was negligible for 72 estates and significant for six. The number of species increased with proximity to protected areas, with increasing elevation and plantation area. Plantation management (62%) supported wildlife conservation, and support increased with decreasing plantation size, increasing distance to protected areas, and with a higher number of species reported, but decreased with increasing incidents of wildlife damage. Mitigating impacts of a few widely distributed species that cause disproportionate damage and compensating those that incur disproportionately high costs could increase support for conservation. Education and awareness programs for the plantation community can further help increase support and participation in wildlife conservation activities. Plantations can thus serve as supplementary habitats for wildlife in regions where hard boundaries between protected areas and human settlements prevail.
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Sisák, István. "Rapeseed crop damage by wildlife assessed from Landsat images." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2019.1-2.11-15.

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Rapeseed is the fourth most important crop in Hungary regarding its cultivation area. Crop damage by deer and boar has been becoming strongly debated issue in the last few years. More exact clarification of damage was aimed at in this study with help of Landast images. Six rapeseed fields were investigated both in 2012 and 2013 in the administrative area of Várfölde, Bánokszentgyörgy, Bázakerettye and Borsfa (Zala County, Hungary). The total area in 2013 was 43 hectares. 100 % wildlife damage affected 3.9 hectares and 10 hectares were free from any damage. The total area in 2012 was 40 hectares in which 3.3 hectares were free from damage but neither fields suffered total damage. Yield map from 2017 of a 26 hectares field near to Gutorfölde and Szentkozmadombja was used to validate the space image based assessment method with real yield data. Landsat 7 images with acquisition dates of 2013.04.16., 2013.05.18. and 2013.06.03. were downloaded from the website of US Geological Service. All bands and NDVI index were investigated for all dates to establish best estimator for differences between damaged and not damaged fields. Band 5 (SWIR: 1.55-1.75 μm) in 16th of April proved to be the best. It was concluded with help of the reflectance data (zero damage: 96.4, complete damage:164.5, partial damage:124.7 on the average) that yield reduction was 41.5 % on areas with partial damage. There was no complete damage in 2012. However, reflectance data of not damaged fields were very close to each other in the two years (96.4 in 2013 and 89.9 in 2012 on the average) thus, it could be assumed that the same is true for reflectance data of completely damaged fields, so data from 2013 can be used for the comparison. Based on the data (zero damage: 89.9/2012, complete damage:164.5/2013, partial damage:118.4/2012 on the average) it was calculated, that one field suffered 38 % yield reduction, one hectare portion of another field suffered 23 % yield reduction, and other fields were not damaged significantly. Yield map from 2017 and Landsat 8 SWIR reflectance (Band 6: 1.566 – 1.651 μm) in 3rd of April have shown strong correlation (R2=0,634), which was a direct evidence that both yield and wildlife damage of rapeseed can be reliably assessed from Landsat SWIR reflectance data acquired in April.
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Hewitt, David G. "Resolving Human–Wildlife Conflicts: The Science of Wildlife Damage Management." Journal of Wildlife Management 68, no. 1 (January 2004): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2004)068[0218:br]2.0.co;2.

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Julian, Gary J. San, and Robert M. Timm. "Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage." Journal of Wildlife Management 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801885.

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Cairns, S. C. "Hone J. 2007. Wildlife Damage Control." Australian Mammalogy 30, no. 2 (2008): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08013.

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Linklater, Wayne, Holly Chapman, Andrea Gregor, Rebecca Calder-Flynn, Johan Gouws, Olivia Quigan, Anindita Rustandi, June Brian-Molitaviti, and Yile Ying. "Initiating a conflict with wildlife – the reintroduction and feeding of kākā, Wellington City, New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18005.

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Wildlife reintroductions to peopled landscapes pose socio-ecological opportunities and risks, and a responsibility to people as well as wildlife. Human–wildlife conflicts can escalate rapidly where anthropogenic foods and feeding cause wildlife to congregate and damage property. Those conflicts polarise attitudes to the wildlife and may cascade into conflicts between people over wildlife. The native parrot, kākā (Nestor meridionalis), was reintroduced to Wellington City in 2002 and we suspect that it initiated a classical human–wildlife conflict cascade. We tested for feeding-induced damage, and different attitude scores amongst neighbours using a postal household survey. We received 313 completed surveys, a 55.9% response rate, across eight suburbs. Minor to severe damage, costing up to NZ$3000 to repair, was reported to trees, buildings, and outdoor furniture. Seventeen respondents reported feeding kākā, mostly fruit and vegetables, but also sugar water, bread, and nuts and seeds, and we received surveys from 33 of their non-feeding neighbours. Feeding significantly increased reports of kākā, and kākā abundance was positively associated with kākā damage. Neighbourhoods closer to Zealandia (the wildlife sanctuary where kākā are fed) and the neighbours of people who fed kākā were statistically more likely to incur property damage than more distant suburbs and residents. Neighbours’ attitudinal scores about kākā and native birds were significantly negatively associated with greater kākā damage. The reintroduction of kākā has initiated a feeding-induced wildlife–human conflict. We discuss what can be learned from the experience with kākā in Wellington City for urban wildlife conservation in the future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Yoder, Jonathan Keith. "Wildlife on Private Land: Contracting over Wildlife-Inflicted Property Damage and Abatement." NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19990406-105401.

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In its search for sustenance and cover, wildlife imposes costs on agricultural property owners. A mosaic of privateand public contractual arrangements has evolved to address this problem, with private agricultural organizations,county commissions, wildlife agencies and state and federal departments of agriculture all involved. A set ofprevalent contractual arrangements over wildlife damage is formally examined in this dissertation, includingabatement labor sharing, abatement cost sharing, and damage sharing contracts. Wildlife is modeled as a publicand potentially common-property good that is affected by and destructive to private agricultural inputs.Independent production choices that affect the wildlife stock may impose externalities on neighboring landownersor other interested parties. Contracts develop to account for these externalities, and contract structure isdependent on the costs associated with potential contract mechanisms. A fundamental problem of contractingover wildlife damage is that abatement labor effort is difficult to monitor by participants. Contract structures reflectthis difficulty. Two of the theoretical models form the basis for empirical examinations. First, livestock producersin many western states maintain cost-share programs for predator control. A contract value function is developedfor a prevalent cost-sharing rule, and the model is used to explain the observed structure and incidence of theseprograms across counties and states. Second, landowner incentives to alter crop choice in the face ofdeer-inflicted crop damage are examined. A multicrop econometric model allowing for differential damage ratesacross crops is estimated using data from Wisconsin. The model provides implications about the effects ofchanges in certain wildlife agency policy instruments. This dissertation expands the existing economic literature onwildlife damage, as well as the literature on joint production of private and public goods, the economics of pestand wildlife management, and the empirical literature on contracting over common-property and public goods.Private landowners provide much of the land on which wildlife resides, and their incentives are important in thecalculus of wildlife management. This dissertation hopefully will provide a framework useful to wildlife managersfor understanding the impacts on and the reactions of private landowners to wildlife damage policy.

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Yoder, Jon. "Wildlife on private land : contracting over wildlife-inflicted property damage and abatement /." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-46531063992951/etd.pdf.

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Ekstrand, Henrik. "Quality of wildlife damage field inspections and necropsy forms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416183.

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Bezzant, Gary J. Jr. "Instances of Conflict and Cooperation: An Exploration into the Role of Competition Between USDA-Wildlife Services and Wildlife Control Operators." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1438.

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In early 1994 the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal Damage Control agency implemented a directive providing guidance to help avoid competition between themselves and private businesses, known as Wildlife Control Operators (WCOs) engaging in similar work. Nearly two decades later some WCOs still complain about having to compete with the Animal Damage Control agency, now named Wildlife Services. Other businesses report enjoying a cooperative relationship with the agency. I analyzed four policies that regulate competition between Wildlife Services and WCOs and found that there is a good amount of guidance given to Wildlife Services in regards to their competitive relationship with WCOs. These guidelines do not carry the force of law, however, and are subject to change and deletion. I conducted interviews with representatives from the WCO community and Wildlife Services and found that the top four factors contributing to conflict are an overlap in similar services, agency advantages, money and pricing, and policy. The top four factors contributing to cooperation were cooperative work, communication, clarified roles, and training and education. Working to decrease the conflict factors and emphasize the cooperative factors will lead to a better relationship between Wildlife Services and WCOs.
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Sage, Rufus Barnaby. "The ecology of short-rotation coppice crops : wildlife and pest management." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369767.

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Heigh, Lori. "Developing a welfare measure of wildlife damage, a case study of Ontario field crop producers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61906.pdf.

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Esikuri, Enos E. "Spatio-Temporal Effects of Land Use Changes in A Savanna Wildlife Area of Kenya." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30639.

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Land use changes have been shown to have significant effects on wildlife species. Sixty three percent of the national Parks and Reserves in Kenya are located in the savannas. Because of the seasonality associated with savanna ecosystems, 75% of the wildlife species and numbers in Kenya occur in savanna nonpark areas. Therefore, conservation of wildlife in Kenya has to address the changes that are taking place in savanna areas outside parks. I studied land use changes and their effects on elephant habitat quality in Amboseli Basin, Kenya. I used visual interpretation to analyze land use changes from satellite images for 1975, 1988, and 1993. I determined that during the evaluation period, conversion of areas to agricultural land has been unidirectional. The hectarage under cultivation was 2,937, 10,950, and 24,476 for 1975, 1988, and 1993 respectively. Trend analysis seems to suggest that during the evaluation period, conversion of areas to agricultural land has followed an exponential function (R² = 0.99) in Amboseli Basin. The area under cultivation was 6.9% of the total area studied. This is small but significant considering that agricultural land was almost exclusively located in areas that form the dry season fall back areas. Such areas are important for the survival of elephants and other species during critical periods. I developed a dry season habitat suitability index (HSI) model for the African elephant based on the density of acacia trees (# of trees > 5 cm dbh/ha) and distance (km) to natural sources of water in the basin. The amount of good quality habitat (i.e., HSI > 0.6) declined from 74,666 ha in 1975 to 54,890 ha in 1988, to 23,208 ha in 1993. This is a drop of 51,890 ha (65.5%) of good quality habitat in the basin. On the other hand, low quality habitat (HSI < 0.2) increased by 272% between 1975 and 1993. The weighted HSI values in the basin showed a decline, as did the habitat units for the 3 evaluation years. The weighted HSI declined by 0.13 between 1975 and 1993, while the total habitat units (ha) declined by 40,567 ha during the 18 year period. It appears that elephant habitat quality has steadily declined in the Amboseli Basin during the period considered in this study. The use of nonpark areas by elephants leads to direct interaction and conflicts with humans. Between June 1996 and July 1997, I recorded a total of 489 elephant damage incidents while the Amboseli National Park authorities recorded 143. The damage types were crops, livestock deaths, and human deaths and injuries. The majority of the damage cases involved crop depredation. The Amboseli National Park authorities significantly under-reported the number of elephant damage incidents in the basin (P < 0.0001).
Ph. D.
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West, Benjamin C. "Deer Damage in Virginia: Implications for Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36694.

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A questionnaire was sent to 1,506 randomly selected agricultural producers and homeowners in Virginia during 1996 to determine perceptions about deer damage and management during 1995 (response rate 52%). Overall, 58% of respondents experienced damage by deer to their plantings during 1995. Producers (71%) were more likely to experience deer damage than homeowners (37%) Among farmers, producers of soybeans, tree fruits, and peanuts were most likely to experience damage and generally rated it as being more severe than that reported by others. Regardless of perceptions regarding damage, most (70%) individuals believed that Virginia's deer population should be reduced to some degree in the future. Respondents' perceptions regarding the level of damage influenced their opinion about the level to which deer populations should be reduced; those perceiving greater damage were increasingly likely to desire a dramatic decrease in Virginia's deer population. Similarly, perception about the level of damage affected a respondent's general opinion about deer; respondents who experienced severe damage also were more likely to believe that deer are a nuisance. Overall, a majority (84%) of respondents favored recreational hunting as a means to manage deer in Virginia. A respondent's gender and the situation in which they were raised (e.g., urban, rural, farm) were strongly related to preference for management options. Female respondents and those raised in more urban areas were more likely to favor "non-lethal" management options (i.e., contraception, trapping and relocating individuals, allowing nature to take its course, fencing, and repellents) than were male respondents and those raised in rural environments. Deer density in a respondent's county of residence was directly related to perception regarding deer damage and desire for future population management (e.g., reduction versus increase).

A pilot study was conducted to assess the impacts of refugia on traditional deer management efforts via recreational hunting during 1996. Two study areas in Virginia were selected and, using information supplied by the county tax office, questionnaires were sent to individuals who owned land in the respective areas to determine distribution of land-uses, extent and severity of deer damage, and role of recreational hunting within each site. Deer damage was strongly related to land-use; respondents who owned lands on which some agricultural activity occurred were more likely to experience damage than respondents who owned non-agricultural lands. Respondents in each study area harvested more deer from their land than the mean harvest rate for the county in which they resided. Thus, it appears that, in some situations, deer harvest did not reduce damage to an acceptable level. The presence of local refugia theoretically had the potential to contribute to this relationship, but more research is needed to make definitive conclusions.
Master of Science

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Bhattarai, Babu. "Conflict and conservation : sharing the costs and benefits of tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in communities adjacent to tiger reserves in Nepal." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/174057.

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Human wildlife conflict (HWC) is a highly studied but unresolved aspect of wildlife management. To further knowledge on HWC, this study used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate HWC implications for local people living adjacent to two key tiger conservation reserves in Nepal. The study also assessed the potential to redistribute financial benefits accruing from predator conservation to those bearing costs through associated HWC. Secondary data and anecdotal reports suggest that local people experience significant direct and indirect costs from predator conservation through livestock losses following attacks by common leopards and Bengal tigers, and additionally, crop losses due to their prey species plus two mega herbivores (elephant and one-horned rhinoceros). To investigate this situation, data regarding HWC incidents and costs were sourced through interviews with 422 local households, direct observations, and stakeholder interviews. Collected data included livestock loss (5-year time-period) and crop loss (1-year time-period). Complementary direct observation data collated livestock loss and crop damage for 12 months. Interviews were conducted also with park visitors (N=387) and tourism business owners (N=74). Results showed that tigers are involved in significantly fewer depredation events compared to leopards. Leopards predominantly killed small to medium livestock whereas tigers selected both small to medium and large sized livestock. Livestock depredation events occurred more frequently in livestock corrals relative to forest zones or crop fields. Rates of livestock losses per household per year self-reported during interviews with local people were found higher when compared to those observed by direct measurement. Prey species of tigers and leopards (most often wild boar and chital) were involved in more frequently in crop raiding events, and caused more crop damage, when compared that caused by mega herbivores. Quantities of crops lost per household were lowest in communities where effective physical barriers to wildlife were present. Park visitors and tourism business owners indicated willingness to pay for conservation of tigers and for compensation of farmers for the losses caused by tigers and their prey species. Study findings support several key recommendations proposed to mitigate negative HWC effects in the study area. These include financial support for local communities to build predator proof livestock corrals and establishment of effective physical barriers at the park borders. A dedicated tariff for park visitors and a levy for tourism business owners are also recommended to fund ongoing predator conservation and support financial compensation for local farmers affected by HWC.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Karimi, Rebekah R. Schulte Bruce A. "An assessment of perceived crop damage in a Tanzanian village impacted by human-elephant conflict and an investigation of deterrent properties of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) exudates using bioassays." Diss., Statesboro, Ga.: Georgia Southern University, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2009/lyndsay_a_itoh/Itoh_Lyndsay_A_200908_MS.pdf.

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"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Title from PDF of title page (Georgia Southern University, viewed on June 19, 2010). Bruce A. Schulte, major professor; Lissa M. Leege, J. Michelle Cawthorn, committee members. Electronic version approved: December 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p.76-78).
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Books on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Hone, J., ed. Wildlife damage control. Wallingford: CABI, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780643069596.0001.

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Wildlife damage control. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 2007.

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United States. Agricultural Statistics Board. Fruit wildlife damage. Washington, D.C: USDA, NASS, 1999.

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Resolving human-wildlife conflicts: The science of wildlife damage management. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 2002.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, ed. Managing wildlife damage: The mission of APHIS' wildlife services program. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1999.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, ed. Managing wildlife damage: The mission of APHIS' wildlife services program. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1997.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Managing wildlife damage: The mission of APHIS' animal damage control program. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1992.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Solutions through science: Economics of wildlife damage assessment. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2007.

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Swihart, Robert K. Strategies for reducing wildlife damage in orchards. New Haven, Conn.]: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1988.

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Swihart, Robert K. Strategies for reducing wildlife damage in orchards. New Haven, Conn.]: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Drake, David. "Wildlife Damage Management in the Urban Landscape." In Urban Wildlife, 389–401. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7500-3_17.

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Westerberg, Håkan, and Klaus Henle. "Module 3: Diet and Damage Assessment." In Human - Wildlife Conflicts in Europe, 241–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34789-7_13.

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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Scott R. Groepper. "A Survey of Wildlife Damage Management Techniques Used by Wildlife Control Operators in Urbanized Environments in the USA." In Problematic Wildlife, 175–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22246-2_9.

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Deodatus, Floris. "Wildlife Damage in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Malawi." In Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use, 115–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4012-6_7.

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Ariya, George. "Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 164–78. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0013.

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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.
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Ariya, George. "Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 164–78. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0164.

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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.
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Ura, Karma, Randy Stringer, and Erwin Bulte. "Managing Wildlife Damage to Agriculture in Bhutan: Conflicts, Costs and Compromise." In Payment for Environmental Services in Agricultural Landscapes, 1–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77354-4_12.

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Ura, Karma, Randy Stringer, and Erwin Bulte. "Managing Wildlife Damage to Agriculture in Bhutan: Conflicts, Costs and Compromise." In Payment for Environmental Services in Agricultural Landscapes, 255–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72971-8_12.

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Nakamura, Futoshi. "Concept and Application of Green and Hybrid Infrastructure." In Ecological Research Monographs, 11–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_2.

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AbstractRecently, Japan has suffered extraordinary damage from typhoons, heavy rains, and megafloods, each of which has exceeded the upper limit of control by managed infrastructure for flood mitigation. First, I present a conceptual framework of hybrid infrastructure at the watershed scale, combining (1) fundamental green infrastructure (GI), composed of forests and wetlands in the watershed; (2) additional multilevel GI, such as flood control basins; and (3) existing engineered disaster prevention infrastructure, such as dams and artificial levees. Second, I introduce the disaster risk reduction function of natural forests and wetlands and three representative traditional flood control measures: discontinuous levees, overflow embankments, and flood protection forests. This GI should be properly allocated and maintained at the watershed scale to reduce damage by megafloods. The multiple types and functions of GI may provide essential habitats for wildlife and recreational opportunities for local residents and others. Finally, I address key points for planning, implementation, and governance of GI at the watershed scale.
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Cozzi, Mario, Severino Romano, Mauro Viccaro, Carmelina Prete, and Giovanni Persiani. "Wildlife Agriculture Interactions, Spatial Analysis and Trade-Off Between Environmental Sustainability and Risk of Economic Damage." In The Sustainability of Agro-Food and Natural Resource Systems in the Mediterranean Basin, 209–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16357-4_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Živković, Slavko, Ivan Barac, Patricia Živković, Ivan Pećina, and Bruno Brckan. "The impact of wildlife on railway track." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1420.

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The problem of track maintenance as a condition for the quality of railway transport in terms of comfort and speed of traffic has encouraged the modernization of railways. With modernization an important part of the process of managing the railway network is the timely identification of priority areas for maintenance and reconstruction – the so-called hot spot area. Damage to the embankment of railway structure is caused by the settlement of the railway track. Suddenly climate change leads to an increased frequency of deformations and is the most common cause of track instability. In addition to causing an increased risk to traffic safety, they can also cause serious disruptions to traffic networks. The papers present the influence of animals on deformations and damage of railway structures, primarily embankments, and the possible influence on the behaviour of track construction. The phenomenon was noticed at the end of 2020 on the railway line M104 Novska – Tovarnik – State border. As a part of the observed impacts of wild animals, continuous measurements of track subsidence at selected measuring points were carried out, and geotechnical investigation works were performed with the aim of processing and analysing the measured data and preparing a remediation project.
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Tanaka, Hiroshi, Tomoyuki Iwata, Tetsuya Kaiden, Toshiyuki Nenoi, and Hisashi Izumita. "Damage to optical networks by wildlife and methods for protecting existing optical fiber cables in the FTTH era." In OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2007.4348666.

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BĂNEȘ, Adrian, Păun Ion OTIMAN, Tiberiu IANCU, and Manuela Dora ORBOI. "GROWTH SCENARIOS OF ORGANIC AREA IN ROMANIA UNTIL 2025." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.091.

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Organic farming uses management practices that would avoid the use of chemical inputs and minimizes damage to the environment and wildlife. Thus we are brought significant restrictions on synthetic chemicals used in obtaining food products. The method involves different practices aimed at protecting the environment, maintaining and enhancing soil fertility, obtaining unpolluted and high quality agricultural products, and at last, promoting sustainable agricultural development. Romania has a great opportunity for organic farming as a result of natural conditions. However, Romania is located behind other EU or world countries. The present study shows the empirically based growth rate, of organic agriculture needed by Romania to reach in year 2025 the level of other countries. For comparison and calculations were considered France (one of the major players in the market of organic products) and Lithuania (that also has a well-developed organic agriculture). The results show that the current growth is not enough to overcome the first half of the top EU countries and requires an acceleration of this process of transformation into organic.
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Liu, Yiwen, and Yu Sun. "An Simulation and Survival Based Mobile Game for Players Developing a Sense of Environmental Preservation using Modeling and Manual Manipulation Programming." In 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120407.

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The citizens nowadays are often born and raised in well developed urban areas and have rarely, even never experienced the difficulties that wildlife are suffering from due to human actions. They are likely to possess sympathy, but never do these individuals are aware of how their deeds may affect the living of other species on planet Earth [1]. However, if someone reveals the bloody truth to the people, they are likely to change for the greater good. In this paper, we mainly used unity modeling and java programming skills to develop an animal simulation game in order to show the damage done by mankind and resonate the feeling of empathy so the players may alter their actions to preserve the environment [2][3]. The player starts the game as an animal figure in a randomly generated map. The player will control the animal to move around to consume water and food for survival. Meanwhile, the animal must avoid the invasion of human poison lands closing in on the habitats for this figure. Eventually, the player will starve or be poisoned and fail to survive. By setting this result, we hope to arouse the sympathy in hearts and lead to some alteration to a person’s habits.
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Krywiak, Dave, Werner Kiefer, David Arnold, and Kirstine Hull. "Two Case Studies of Trenchless Technologies in the Urban Environment." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0683.

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In 1998, EPCOR undertook an inspection program on the condition of 14 of their underground high voltage transmission lines where they crossed the riverbed of the North Saskatchewan River within the City of Edmonton. Based on the findings of this investigation, it was determined that two of the river crossings were at serious risk of mechanical damage. It was decided that they would be replaced by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) methods, at a sufficient depth into the bedrock below the river bottom to remove any risk of failure due to mechanical damage. This paper examines all phases of the work carried out from project inception to construction of the two crossings, first in the spring of 2003 and then in the dead of winter of 2004. Some of the technical considerations inherent in the design of the HDD installations included geotechnical concerns with potential drilling fluid frac-out and slope stability, as well as heat dissipation rates and operating constraints of the 72 kV oil-filled pipe type high voltage cables. This paper will focus on project constraints imposed by the existing urban (park and residential) locations, community and stakeholder concerns and the regulatory and approval requirements of three levels of government. In addition to the necessary geotechnical investigations, other investigations included addressing potential impacts on the river, vegetation, wildlife, archaeological, noise and construction concerns. An extensive public communications program was completed that included a number of open houses, delivery of construction notices to all surrounding residences, meetings with community league executives and other stakeholder groups. The paper will describe the challenges that the project team faced and how they were overcome and the amount of time and effort that went in to meeting those challenges. The paper will end with a discussion of the costs and time frames required to complete such a project.
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Raharjo, D. "Detect Oil Spill in Offshore Facility using Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-e-194.

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The oil spill has a detrimental effect on the environment due to its pollution and long-term damage to sea wildlife. As the facility ages, the pipeline leak may increase as integrity reduces due to corrosion or erosion and worsens by minimal maintenance activity. To detect the oil leak, some assessments in the United States statistically found that leak detection system (LDS) effectiveness is less than 20% based on Aloqaily and Arafat (2018). Probably, LDS might not always give a satisfactory result to detect leaks and oil spills and may need to rely on other manual surveillance. Nevertheless, due to limited personnel and the large area of interest, oil spill usually goes undetected until local people and fishermen report it. In an oil spill case, having an early notification is crucial to limiting the leakage and improving mitigation time. To put it in perspective, one of the largest oil spills is the Deepwater Horizon, with an estimation of oil discharged around 4.1 – 4.9 million bbls, and legal fees cost up to 61.6 billion dollars. Looking at this number, we can estimate how important it is to stop oil spills at the very initial of occurrence to minimize environmental damage. This paper aims to exhibit a new approach in oil spill detection using deep convolutional neural networks and transfer learning. We develop an “artificial eye” to automatically classify the surrounding image and identify external manifestations to detect oil spills. We offer a concept upon how we leverage artificial intelligence to automatically classify a stream of the picture, whether it is an oil spill or not. Furthermore, we introduce an IoT and drone technology concept to maximize it to survey the pipeline path regularly. The image captured by these devices is then fed through a deep learning classifier model that decides whether the leak is present or not. By utilizing this technology, we hope to create automatic early notification if leakage occurs so that the oil spill combat team can cure the problem as fast as possible before the leak expands further.
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Giraldo, Diego Garcia, and Ronald W. Yeung. "The Deep-Water-Horizon Spill: Flow-Rate Estimation Based on Satellite Images." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84153.

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The “Deep Water Horizon” Mobil Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) is one of several classes of floatable drilling machines. As a consequence of the accident on April 20, 2010, the worst ecological disaster with regard to oil spills in the US history was generated in the Gulf of Mexico, causing extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats, as well as the Gulf’s fishing and tourism industries. Since that moment, experts are trying to estimate the total amount of oil being lost into the sea. The objective of this presentation is to report a procedure developed in the first author’s thesis1 an independent and logical estimate of the oil flow rate into the Gulf of Mexico produced by the rupture in this rig. There are a number of possible approaches to estimate the flow rate of oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico. The Plume Modeling Team has developed an approach by observing video image of the oil/gas mixture escaping from the kinks in the riser and the end of the riser pipe. The Mass Balance Team has developed a range of values using USGS (US Geological Survey) and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) data analysis collected from NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Finally, a reality-check estimate was based on the amount of oil collected by the Riser Insertion Tube Tool (RITT) plus the estimate of how much oil is escaping from the RITT, and from the kink in the riser. However, there are several limitations in each of these techniques.
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Engstrom, Carol J., and Guy M. Goulet. "Husky Moose Mountain Pipeline: A Case Study of Planning, Environmental Assessment and Construction." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-140.

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In 1998, Husky Oil Operations Limited and its partner formerly Rigel Oil, (purchased by Talisman Energy in 1999), constructed a 26.2 km pipeline in Kananaskis Country to transport sour oil, solution gas and produced water from Pad #3 on Cox Hill to the Shell Oil Jumping Pound Gas Plant for processing. Kananaskis Country is a 4160 km2 “Planning Area” that has both Prime Protection and Multiple Use designations. Situated just west of Calgary, Alberta, Canada it has considerable recreational and environmental value, including significant wildlife habitat. The original exploration and subsequent pipeline construction applications required separate Alberta Energy & Utilities Board (AEUB) public hearings with both involving significant public consultation. Prior to drilling on the lands that had been purchased more than a decade ago, Husky adopted several governing principles to reduce environmental impact, mitigate damage and foster open and honest communication with other industrial users, regulators, local interest groups and local aboriginal communities. During planning and construction, careful attention was paid to using existing linear disturbances (seismic lines, roads and cutblocks). A variety of environmental studies, that incorporated ecologically-integrated landscape classification and included the use of indicator species such as the Grizzly Bear, were conducted prior to and during the early stages of development. The results of these studies, along with the information gathered from the public consultation, historical and cultural studies and engineering specifications formed the basis for the route selection. Watercourses presented particular challenges during pipeline construction. The pipeline right-of-way (RoW) intercepted 26 small water runs and 19 creeks. Fishery and water quality issues were identified as important issues in the lower Coxhill Creek and Jumpingpound Creeks. As a result, Jumpingpound Creek was directionally drilled at two locations and all other watercourses were open-cut using low-impact techniques. To minimize new RoW clearing, substantial portions of the pipeline were placed in the ditch of the existing road. Husky attributes the success of this project to planning, broad community input and the co-operation and buy-in by the project management team and construction companies.
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AbdalKhabir Ali, Ali, and Hajar Salah Auda. "The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/64.

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"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."
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Radoi, Radu, Ioan Pavel, Corneliu Cristescu, and Liliana Dumitrescu. "PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT WATER IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY BY USING A COMBINED SOLAR - TLUD SYSTEM." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/34.

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Fossil fuels are an exhaustible resource on Earth, and their use pollutes the environment massively. The population of the planet has grown a lot, and for the production of domestic hot water, to ensure a decent standard of living, it is necessary to consume increasing quantities of fossil fuels. The very high level of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere leads to an increase in average of annual temperature and climate change. Climate change is manifested by the melting of the ice caps, which has the consequence of increasing the level of the seas and oceans. Climate change also leads to extreme weather events such as floods, heat waves or the appearance of arid areas. Risks to human health have increased through deaths caused by heat or by changing the way some diseases are spread. Risks also exist for flora and wildlife due to rapid climate change.Many species of animals migrate, and other species of animals and plants are likely to disappear. Climate change also leads to costs for society and the economy due to damage to property and infrastructure, which have been more than 90 billion euros in the last 30 years, just because of the floods. In order to reduce the effects of environmental pollution, ecological energy production solutions need to be expanded. The article presents the creation of an experimental stand of a Solar - TLUD stove combined system for the production of domestic hot water in a sustainable way. TLUD is the acronym for "Top-Lit UpDraft". The advantage of the combined heat system is that it can provide thermal energy both during the day and at night. If the atmospheric conditions are unfavorable (clouds, fog) and do not allow the water to be heated only with the solar panel, TLUD gas stove can be used to supplement the energy. The TLUD stove has low Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions. After gasification, about 10% of the carbon contained in the biomass is thermally stabilized and can be used as a "biochar" in agriculture or it can be burnt completely, resulting in very little ash. The stand is composed of a solar thermal panel, a TLUD stove, a boiler for hot water storage and an automation system with circulation pumps and temperature sensors. To record the experimental results, a data acquisition board was used, with which data were recorded from a series of temperature and flow transducers located in the installation. Experimental results include diagrams for temperature variation, available energy and heat accumulated in the boiler. Keywords: combined thermal system, TLUD stove, domestic hot water, solar thermal panel, data aquisition system
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Reports on the topic "Wildlife damage"

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Uresk, Daniel W., Greg L. Schenbeck, and Rose Cefkin. Eighth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-154.

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Bjugstad, Ardell J., Daniel W. Uresk, and R. H. Hamre. Ninth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-171.

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Uresk, Daniel W., Greg L. Schenbeck, and Rose Cefkin. Eighth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-154.

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Bjugstad, Ardell J., Daniel W. Uresk, and R. H. Hamre. Ninth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-171.

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Mengak, Michael T. Wildlife Translocation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7210105.ws.

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Many people enjoy wildlife. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation—capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Translocation is appropriate in some situations such as re-establishing endangered species, enhancing genetic diversity, and stocking species in formerly occupied habitats. The main focus of this publication, however, is to address nuisance wildlife issues that may be commonly encountered by homeowners and nuisance wildlife control professionals.
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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Mark A. Klng. Wildlife Carcass Disposal. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7207733.ws.

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Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.
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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.

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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.
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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Brenda K. Osthus. Safety. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208746.ws.

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Wildlife damage management (WDM) is an exciting field with many opportunities to provide solutions to the complex issues involved in human-wildlife interactions. In addition, WDM wildlife control operators (WCO) face a variety of threats to their physical well-being. Injuries can result from misused, faulty, or poorly maintained equipment, inexperience, mishandled wildlife, harsh weather, and dangerous situations, such as electrical lines. The goals of this publication are to: Develop an awareness of safety issues and adopt a mindset of “Safety First”, Review the major safety threats that WCOs face, Provide basic information for WCOs to protect themselves, and List resources for further information and training. Work in WDM poses many safety risks to those involved. Awareness, planning, and deliberate action can eliminate or reduce many threats. As the industry continues to develop, WCOs must keep up with new threats and safety practices to maintain their well-being. Following safe work practices helps to ensure WCOs remain on-the-job and injury free.
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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.

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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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