Journal articles: 'Wildlife damage'

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Watson, Simon. "Wildlife Damage Control." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 2 (2008): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc08147a.

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EFFECTIVE wildlife management needs to be based on the application of sound scientific principles and concepts. Both of these books provide a framework for the application of concepts and principles to wildlife management problems and attempt to bridge the gap between research and its application in management. Conservation of Wildlife Populations, by L. Scott Mills, explains theories, concepts and principles developed in the field of population biology, and their management applications. It encompasses population ecology, demography and population genetics. Wildlife Damage Control, by Jim Hone, identifies and explains the application of principles involved in assessing and controlling damage caused by wildlife.

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VAN DER PEET, SYLVIA. "Wildlife Damage Control." Austral Ecology 32, no. 6 (September 2007): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01786.x.

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Karanth, Krithi K., Shivangi Jain, and Erika Weinthal. "Human–wildlife interactions and attitudes towards wildlife and wildlife reserves in Rajasthan, India." Oryx 53, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001028.

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AbstractHuman–wildlife interactions affect people's livelihoods, attitudes and tolerance towards wildlife and wildlife reserves. To investigate the effect of such interactions on people's attitudes and livelihoods, we surveyed 2,233 households located around four wildlife reserves in Rajasthan, India. We modelled respondents’ attitudes towards wildlife and wildlife reserves, experience of crop damage and livestock predation, and likelihood of mitigation use. Crop damage was reported by 76% of surveyed households, and livestock predation was reported by 15%. Seventy-one percent of households used at least one of eight mitigation measures against crop damage, and 19% used at least one of seven mitigation measures against livestock predation. We found that male respondents and households with a higher level of education valued wildlife and wildlife reserves more. Households at higher elevations and growing a greater variety of crops were more prone to crop damage. Proximity to reserves, elevation and larger livestock herds were associated with a higher incidence of livestock predation. Households in which a member had > 12 years of schooling and households with a history (6–10 years) of interaction with wildlife (i.e. crop damage) were most likely to use mitigation against crop damage. Households that owned more livestock and had a history of interaction (1–5 years and > 10 years) were most likely to mitigate against predation. Our comparative study provides insights into factors that influence interaction and tolerance, which could be used to improve existing management and prevention efforts in Rajasthan.

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Flores-Armillas, Victor Hugo, Xavier López-Medellín, Raúl García Barrios, Ian MacGregor-Fors, and David Valenzuela-Galván. "Landscape Features Associated with Damage to Maize (Zea mays) Fields in Central México: A Comparison of Wind and Wildlife Damage." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100460.

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Damage to maize (Zea mays) fields leads to negative attitudes towards wildlife that can affect conservation. In a Biosphere Reserve in central Mexico, local inhabitants perceive that wildlife causes major damage to maize fields. Therefore, we quantified maize damaged by wildlife species and by wind, and we explored whether this was related to the proportion of land-use categories in the landscape surrounding maize fields and the distance from maize fields to the nearest human settlements, water sources and forest patches. We quantified damaged maize plants and cobs in 180 samples from six 100 m2 quadrats in each of 30 maize fields. On average, damage in maize fields was less than 2% and 6.5% of the total maize cobs and plants, respectively. The white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were responsible for most of the total damage to maize cobs, while wind was responsible for most of the damage to plants. Classification and regression tree analyses (CARTs) revealed that the highest levels of maize cob damage occurred in maize fields with less agricultural land cover in the surrounding landscape units and with longer distances to the nearest villages. Measured levels of maize damage were lower than the amount of damage perceived by local inhabitants. This human–wildlife conflict should be further addressed in the study area to avoid negative consequences for wildlife conservation.

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Kalam, Tamanna, Tejesvini A. Puttaveeraswamy, Rajeev K. Srivastava, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, and Priya Davidar. "Spatial aggregation and specificity of incidents with wildlife make tea plantations in southern India potential buffers with protected areas." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 11 (August 25, 2020): 16478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5590.12.11.16478-16493.

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Abstract: Many wildlife species survive in human-modified landscapes and understanding the opinions of those who share space with wildlife will aid conservation efforts. Using a questionnaire, we assessed the presence of 12 mammal species in 78 tea plantations in the Nilgiris, southern India. We obtained data on (i) plantation size, location, and elevation, (ii) species presence over a year, (iii) type and number of wildlife incidents caused, (iv) financial cost of wildlife damage, and (v) support for wildlife conservation. We used a generalized linear model to assess whether the distance to protected areas, elevation, and plantation size influenced species presence and the effect of these variables and wildlife incidents on support for conservation. Among all species reported, Bonnet Macaque, Wild Boar, and Porcupine were the most widespread, and the former two and the Gaur reportedly caused >50% of damages. Crop damage was the most frequent (74%, n = 244), whereas livestock predation, attacks on people, and infrastructure damage constituted <10% of incidents reported. The cost of wildlife damage was negligible for 72 estates and significant for six. The number of species increased with proximity to protected areas, with increasing elevation and plantation area. Plantation management (62%) supported wildlife conservation, and support increased with decreasing plantation size, increasing distance to protected areas, and with a higher number of species reported, but decreased with increasing incidents of wildlife damage. Mitigating impacts of a few widely distributed species that cause disproportionate damage and compensating those that incur disproportionately high costs could increase support for conservation. Education and awareness programs for the plantation community can further help increase support and participation in wildlife conservation activities. Plantations can thus serve as supplementary habitats for wildlife in regions where hard boundaries between protected areas and human settlements prevail.

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Sisák, István. "Rapeseed crop damage by wildlife assessed from Landsat images." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2019.1-2.11-15.

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Rapeseed is the fourth most important crop in Hungary regarding its cultivation area. Crop damage by deer and boar has been becoming strongly debated issue in the last few years. More exact clarification of damage was aimed at in this study with help of Landast images. Six rapeseed fields were investigated both in 2012 and 2013 in the administrative area of Várfölde, Bánokszentgyörgy, Bázakerettye and Borsfa (Zala County, Hungary). The total area in 2013 was 43 hectares. 100 % wildlife damage affected 3.9 hectares and 10 hectares were free from any damage. The total area in 2012 was 40 hectares in which 3.3 hectares were free from damage but neither fields suffered total damage. Yield map from 2017 of a 26 hectares field near to Gutorfölde and Szentkozmadombja was used to validate the space image based assessment method with real yield data. Landsat 7 images with acquisition dates of 2013.04.16., 2013.05.18. and 2013.06.03. were downloaded from the website of US Geological Service. All bands and NDVI index were investigated for all dates to establish best estimator for differences between damaged and not damaged fields. Band 5 (SWIR: 1.55-1.75 μm) in 16th of April proved to be the best. It was concluded with help of the reflectance data (zero damage: 96.4, complete damage:164.5, partial damage:124.7 on the average) that yield reduction was 41.5 % on areas with partial damage. There was no complete damage in 2012. However, reflectance data of not damaged fields were very close to each other in the two years (96.4 in 2013 and 89.9 in 2012 on the average) thus, it could be assumed that the same is true for reflectance data of completely damaged fields, so data from 2013 can be used for the comparison. Based on the data (zero damage: 89.9/2012, complete damage:164.5/2013, partial damage:118.4/2012 on the average) it was calculated, that one field suffered 38 % yield reduction, one hectare portion of another field suffered 23 % yield reduction, and other fields were not damaged significantly. Yield map from 2017 and Landsat 8 SWIR reflectance (Band 6: 1.566 – 1.651 μm) in 3rd of April have shown strong correlation (R2=0,634), which was a direct evidence that both yield and wildlife damage of rapeseed can be reliably assessed from Landsat SWIR reflectance data acquired in April.

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Hewitt, David G. "Resolving Human–Wildlife Conflicts: The Science of Wildlife Damage Management." Journal of Wildlife Management 68, no. 1 (January 2004): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2004)068[0218:br]2.0.co;2.

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Julian, Gary J. San, and Robert M. Timm. "Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage." Journal of Wildlife Management 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801885.

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Cairns, S. C. "Hone J. 2007. Wildlife Damage Control." Australian Mammalogy 30, no. 2 (2008): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08013.

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Linklater, Wayne, Holly Chapman, Andrea Gregor, Rebecca Calder-Flynn, Johan Gouws, Olivia Quigan, Anindita Rustandi, June Brian-Molitaviti, and Yile Ying. "Initiating a conflict with wildlife – the reintroduction and feeding of kākā, Wellington City, New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18005.

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Wildlife reintroductions to peopled landscapes pose socio-ecological opportunities and risks, and a responsibility to people as well as wildlife. Human–wildlife conflicts can escalate rapidly where anthropogenic foods and feeding cause wildlife to congregate and damage property. Those conflicts polarise attitudes to the wildlife and may cascade into conflicts between people over wildlife. The native parrot, kākā (Nestor meridionalis), was reintroduced to Wellington City in 2002 and we suspect that it initiated a classical human–wildlife conflict cascade. We tested for feeding-induced damage, and different attitude scores amongst neighbours using a postal household survey. We received 313 completed surveys, a 55.9% response rate, across eight suburbs. Minor to severe damage, costing up to NZ$3000 to repair, was reported to trees, buildings, and outdoor furniture. Seventeen respondents reported feeding kākā, mostly fruit and vegetables, but also sugar water, bread, and nuts and seeds, and we received surveys from 33 of their non-feeding neighbours. Feeding significantly increased reports of kākā, and kākā abundance was positively associated with kākā damage. Neighbourhoods closer to Zealandia (the wildlife sanctuary where kākā are fed) and the neighbours of people who fed kākā were statistically more likely to incur property damage than more distant suburbs and residents. Neighbours’ attitudinal scores about kākā and native birds were significantly negatively associated with greater kākā damage. The reintroduction of kākā has initiated a feeding-induced wildlife–human conflict. We discuss what can be learned from the experience with kākā in Wellington City for urban wildlife conservation in the future.

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Antal, Borbála, Károly Rédei, and József Csajbók. "Analysis of the situation of domestic game damage and forage ground management." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 57 (March 20, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/57/1951.

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Game damage is an important problem in home wildlife management, because game managers pay more and more money for game damage year by year. Crop fields can do an appreciable part in reduction of game damages. The aim of the research is to survey the situation of domestic game damage and wildlife forage ground management. (Which are the most used plants on crop fields, how current are the using of seed mixtures, which are the most typical game damages, as well as which are the most applied game control methods?) It can be stated that the number of plant species sown on crop fields is quite low. Mostly corn and alfalfa are raised, though besides those many other plants are suitable to grow on crop fields. Rising value of game damage and big proportion of the agricultural game damage are well traceable from the questionnaires, too.

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Subakanya, Mitelo, Gelson Tembo, and Robert Richardson. "Land Use Planning and Wildlife-Inflicted Crop Damage in Zambia." Environments 5, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5100110.

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Damage to crops from wildlife interference is a common threat to food security among rural communities in or near Game Management Areas (GMAs) in Zambia. This study uses a two-stage model and cross-sectional data from a survey of 2769 households to determine the impact of land use planning on the probability and extent of wildlife-inflicted crop damage. The results show that crop damage is higher in GMAs as compared to non-GMAs, and that land use planning could be an effective tool to significantly reduce the likelihood of such damage. These findings suggest that there is merit in the current drive to develop and implement land use plans to minimize human-wildlife conflict such as crop damage. This is especially critical as Zambian conservation policies do not explicitly provide compensation for damage caused by wildlife.

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Bhatta, Maheshwari, and Rajeev Joshi. "Analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Buffer Zone Area: A Case Study of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.03033.

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This article is based on a study carried out in buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP), which lies in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. It is aimed to assess nature and extent of crop damages, livestock depredation and human casualties, and to identify local people's attitude towards wildlife conservation and management. Primary data was collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. Paddy was major crop damaged by wild animals, followed by wheat and maize. Wild boar followed by elephant and deer were found as the most problematic animals causing crop damage, while common leopard was found as the major culprit for livestock depredation. The proximity to the national park was found determining factor to the extent of damage caused by the wild animals. People’s attitude towards wildlife conservation was found to be positive; however, more than 85% of respondents showed dissatisfaction towards park authorities’ effort for conflict management. Active participation of local people in conservation and awareness program can play a vital role to reduce and mitigate the human wildlife conflict at community level.

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Watson, Simon. "Conservation of Wildlife Populations: Demography, Genetics and Management." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 2 (2008): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080147.

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Effective wildlife management needs to be based on the application of sound scientific principles and concepts. Both of these books provide a framework for the application of concepts and principles to wildlife management problems and attempt to bridge the gap between research and its application in management. Conservation of Wildlife Populations, by L. Scott Mills, explains theories, concepts and principles developed in the field of population biology, and their management applications. It encompasses population ecology, demography and population genetics. Wildlife Damage Control, by Jim Hone, identifies and explains the application of principles involved in assessing and controlling damage caused by wildlife.

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15

Joshi, Dilanand. "A Glance on Human-Wildlife Conflict: Basanta Community Forest of Kailali District." DMC Research Journal 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dmcrj.v4i1.44219.

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This study focuses on various aspects of Human-wildlife conflict in Basanta community forest of Kailali district. The human wildlife conflict is at increasing trend and has become one of the challenging problem for the ruralcommunities. The main objective of this study was to explore over all the human-wildlife conflict events in the study area. Focus group discussion, Key informant survey and questionnaire survey were carried out during data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis such as percentage, mean, frequency etc. and were presented in figures, bar diagrams and charts. This study showed that the crop damage, property damage, livestock damage were common and the wild animals like elephant, wild boar, blue bull, tiger, deer were more responsible for the conflict in the recent years. Socio-economic indicators such as gender status, educational level, religion, land tenureship, income source, and ethnicity were calculated. The major crops grown in the area were rice, wheat, maize, masuro, sugarcane etc. According the respondents, rice, wheat, maize had been damaged mostly during the previous year. Except elephant, blue bull and wild boar was the most problematic animal during the season.Managed compensation schemes, Environmental awareness programs and public participation are the major aspects that should be considered to mitigate the human wildlife conflict in the area.

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Nyhus, Philip, Hank Fischer, Francine Madden, and Steve Osofsky. "Taking the Bite out of Wildlife Damage The Challenges of Wildlife Compensation Schemes." Conservation in Practice 4, no. 2 (April 2003): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4629.2003.tb00061.x.

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Bruggers, Richard L., Richard Owens, and Thomas Hoffman. "Wildlife damage management research needs: perceptions of scientists, wildlife managers, and stakeholders of the USDA/Wildlife Services program." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 49, no. 2-3 (January 2002): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(02)00042-2.

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Timm, Robert M. "Trends in Wildlife Damage Management in North America." Outlooks on Pest Management 16, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/16oct08.

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YAMABATA, Naoto. "Management of Damage Caused by Wildlife and Settlement." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 34, no. 3 (2015): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.34.357.

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Krull, Cheryl R., Margaret C. Stanley, Bruce R. Burns, David Choquenot, and Thomas R. Etherington. "Reducing Wildlife Damage with Cost-Effective Management Programmes." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): e0146765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146765.

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Eustace, Abraham, Alex Wilbard Kisingo, and John S. F. Mbwiliza. "Wildlife damage in villages surrounding the Serengeti ecosystem." Parks 24, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2018.parks-24-1ae.en.

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Moore, Shannon P., and Samantha M. Wisely. "Facts about Wildlife Diseases: Leprosy." EDIS 2016, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-uw408-2015.

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Worldwide, 250,000 new cases of leprosy are reported each year, and in the United States, approximately 150 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed each year. Also known as Hansen’s disease, leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae) is a bacterial disease that infects the skin and nerves, causing disfiguring skin sores, nerve damage, and occasionally lung damage if left untreated. Leprosy is spread between humans via respiratory droplets when people sneeze or cough. In the southeast United States, handling armadillos is thought to be the source of many infections. This 4-page fact sheet describes the disease in humans and armadillos and explains how to avoid it and limit its spread. Written by Shannon P. Moore and Samantha M. Wisely, and published by the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, December 2015.

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Gogoi, Mayuri. "Emotional coping among communities affected by wildlife–caused damage in north-east India: opportunities for building tolerance and improving conservation outcomes." Oryx 52, no. 2 (January 21, 2018): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001193.

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AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict has been the focus of much research, and incidents of damage caused by wildlife to communities, as well as damage inflicted on wildlife by people, have been studied extensively to determine causes, conditions, impacts and mitigation strategies. However, few studies have explored the coping strategies employed by communities to deal with these stressful events. Understanding coping is important, as effective coping builds tolerance towards wildlife, whereas poor coping erodes tolerance and thus jeopardizes conservation. Interviews conducted with people who had experienced damage caused by wild elephantsElephas maximusin eight villages of Assam, in north-east India, found that the stress experienced by the communities as a result of the damage was eased by their religious beliefs associated with elephants, and their feelings of empathy towards these animals. Belief in the elephant as God and as avenger of wrong-doing further strengthened people's coping capacity. These findings have positive implications for elephant conservation, showing that people's tolerance towards marauding elephants can be based on religious beliefs rather than compensation for losses.

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Hansson, Lennart. "Damage by wildlife, especially small rodents, to North American Pinuscontorta provenances introduced into Sweden." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-189.

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In 20 provenance trials with the North American Pinuscontorta Dougl. introduced into Sweden, 6 were severely damaged by voles, especially Microtusagrestis L., 2 by moose (Alcesalces L.), and 2 by roe deer (Capreoluscapreolus L.). Six trials were abandoned earlier partly because of roe deer damage and one as a result of vole damage. Vole damage was severe in northern Sweden and roe deer damage was severe in southern Sweden. Certain provenances were more severely attacked by voles, moose, or roe deer than others. The three mammals did not show any agreement in their selection. Voles damage southern provenances, or those with long growing seasons, more than northern ones. The differences among provenances declined rapidly in situations of increasing total damage. Selection among provenances for resistance to mammalian attacks may be possible if local or regional attack rates are taken into account.

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Das, Daisy. "Effect of wildlife damage on the life of people living around Kaziranga National Park." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.151210.

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The benefit from protected area is enjoyed at international level where as benefit is negligible at local level and often people have to bear losses for living around protected area. Wildlife damage is one such cost of living around protected area. Wild animals often destroys crop, assets, kill livestock and destroy property. Such wildlife damage many times becomes a bone of contention between people living around protected area and the park authority. In developing countries it becomes difficult to control such damage for park authority and giving compensation is not a feasible way. Therefore, the present study tries to assess the extent of wildlife damage in Kaziranga National Park (KNP) which is conflict ridden. It has been found from the survey that damage is enormous and people are dissatisfied with the park authority. This paper suggests that to obtain support of local people emphasis should be given crop protection measures and alternative livelihood opportunities.

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Bautista, Carlos, Eloy Revilla, Teresa Berezowska-Cnota, Néstor Fernández, Javier Naves, and Nuria Selva. "Spatial ecology of conflicts: unravelling patterns of wildlife damage at multiple scales." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1958 (September 2021): 20211394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1394.

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Human encroachment into natural habitats is typically followed by conflicts derived from wildlife damage to agriculture and livestock. Spatial risk modelling is a useful tool to gain the understanding of wildlife damage and mitigate conflicts. Although resource selection is a hierarchical process operating at multiple scales, risk models usually fail to address more than one scale, which can result in the misidentification of the underlying processes. Here, we addressed the multi-scale nature of wildlife damage occurrence by considering ecological and management correlates interacting from household to landscape scales. We studied brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) damage to apiaries in the North-eastern Carpathians as our model system. Using generalized additive models, we found that brown bear tendency to avoid humans and the habitat preferences of bears and beekeepers determine the risk of bear damage at multiple scales. Damage risk at fine scales increased when the broad landscape context also favoured damage. Furthermore, integrated-scale risk maps resulted in more accurate predictions than single-scale models. Our results suggest that principles of resource selection by animals can be used to understand the occurrence of damage and help mitigate conflicts in a proactive and preventive manner.

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Brown, James D. "SUCCESSFUL NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE CLAIM FOR A COASTAL OIL SPIL1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-293.

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ABSTRACT In September 1987 a consent order was signed providing a damage settlement of $1.2 million to the U.S. government and the States of Georgia and South Carolina for an oil spill at Savannah, Georgia. This settlement, which included funds for injuries to fish and wildlife resources at Savannah National Wildlife Refuge and adjoining areas in the lower Savannah River, was reached through a cooperative natural resource damage assessment using the U.S. Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment Regulations. This paper describes this first and successful implementation of the damage assessment regulations and provides guidance for their future use in support of natural resource damage claims.

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Kloskowski, Janusz. "Human–wildlife conflicts at pond fisheries in eastern Poland: perceptions and management of wildlife damage." European Journal of Wildlife Research 57, no. 2 (September 2, 2010): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0426-5.

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Conover, Michael R., Erin Butikofer, and Daniel J. Decker. "Wildlife damage to crops: Perceptions of agricultural and wildlife leaders in 1957, 1987, and 2017." Wildlife Society Bulletin 42, no. 4 (December 2018): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.930.

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Awasthi, Bairam, and Nanda Bahadur Singh. "Status of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Assessment of Crop Damage by Wild Animals in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i1.13918.

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This study tries to explore the status of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) within the Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), Nepal. The maximum damage of maize (39%) and potato (30%) crops were reported due to wildlife in the study area. Major wildlife pests were monkey, porcupine, goral, barking deer, jackal and Himalayan black bear. About ninety five percent of respondents reported crop damage problem was increasing in the area after GCA establishment. Fair and quick disbursement of compensation for crop loss and regular monitoring of the wild animal needed to be adopted to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Change in cropping and crop composition, particularly cultivation of high value medicinal plants were also suggested. The findings suggest participatory approach to manage problematic animal species in GCA.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 107-111

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Cassini, Marcelo Hernán. "Human–Wildlife Conflicts: Does Origin Matter?" Animals 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202872.

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Conservation biologists have divided wildlife in two antagonist categories—native and introduced populations—because they defend the hypothesis that the latter acquires or expresses harmful qualities that a population that remains in its original environment does not possess. Invasion biology has emerged as a branch of conservation biology dedicated exclusively to conflicts between introduced wildlife and human interest, including the protection of biodiversity. For invasion biology, the damage caused by native species is different and must be managed differently. However, the consensus around this native–introduced dichotomy is not universal, and a debate has intensified in recent years. The objective of this work was to compare the impacts of native and introduced species of terrestrial vertebrates of the United States using the dataset provided by Wildlife Services (WS), which depend upon the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture. Annually, they receive thousands of reports and complaints of human–wildlife conflicts. I analyzed the WS databases and found, against expectations, that native species produce significantly more damage than nonnative ones, especially regarding damage to agriculture, property and health and safety. In the category of impacts on biodiversity and natural ecosystems, the differences were minor. I discuss several potential explanations of these patterns in the results. I also discuss the ecological foundations of the native–introduced dichotomy hypothesis.

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Johnston, John J. "Development of chemistry-based tools for wildlife damage management." Pesticide Outlook 13, no. 6 (December 18, 2002): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b211169c.

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KANSKY, RUTH, MARTIN KIDD, and ANDREW T. KNIGHT. "Meta‐Analysis of Attitudes toward Damage‐Causing Mammalian Wildlife." Conservation Biology 28, no. 4 (March 24, 2014): 924–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12275.

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KUSAMA, Yusuke, Yuta ITO, Shota YOSHIDA, and Takashi Kei SAITO. "Multi-Legged Animal Menacing Robot for Wildlife Damage Reduction." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (2019): 2A2—K06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.2a2-k06.

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Bhat, Mahadev G., Ray G. Huffaker, and Suzanne M. Lenhart. "Controlling transboundary wildlife damage: modeling under alternative management scenarios." Ecological Modelling 92, no. 2-3 (December 1996): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(95)00169-7.

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McKee, Sophie C., Stephanie A. Shwiff, and Aaron M. Anderson. "Estimation of wildlife damage from federal crop insurance data." Pest Management Science 77, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6031.

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Michalski, Fernanda, Ricardo Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Yuri Nascimento do Nascimento, and Darren Norris. "Rural Wage-Earners’ Attitudes Towards Diverse Wildlife Groups Differ Between Tropical Ecoregions: Implications for Forest and Savanna Conservation in the Brazilian Amazon." Tropical Conservation Science 13 (January 2020): 194008292097174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920971747.

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Understanding people’s attitudes towards wildlife species is key for developing and effectively implementing conservation initiatives. Although attitudes towards different wildlife classes have been examined separately within a variety of regions, there have been no comprehensive comparisons of attitudes towards wildlife between different tropical ecoregions over large spatial scales. Here, we examined attitudes of 106 rural wage-earners from two ecoregions in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We used generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to examine the influence of socioeconomic variables and ecoregion type on attitudes towards wildlife species, grouped into three classes (liked, disliked, and damage income). Overall we obtained attitudes regarding 57 wildlife species that were organized into 11 faunal groups (amphibians, ants, bats, birds, fishes, medium-bodied mammals, large-bodied mammals, primates, snakes, tortoises and turtles, and other invertebrates). Ecoregions where wage-earners lived was the strongest predictor of the total number of liked and disliked wildlife species. The total number of species damaging income was explained by socioeconomic variables related to the number of people living in the property and level of education. Medium and large-bodied mammals were most frequently reported both as liked and causing damage, while snakes were most frequently reported as disliked in both ecoregions. Although socioeconomic variables were important predictors to wage-earners’ attitudes towards wildlife species, the environment (ecoregion) was the strongest predictor affecting human-wildlife attitudes. Our findings contribute with information about the importance of considering differences in local attitudes across a representative spectrum of wildlife species to inform the identification of effective focal species in different tropical regions.

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Michez, Adrien, Kevin Morelle, François Lehaire, Jérome Widar, Manon Authelet, Cédric Vermeulen, and Philippe Lejeune. "Use of unmanned aerial system to assess wildlife (Sus scrofa) damage to crops (Zea mays)." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2016-0014.

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Damage caused by ungulates to agricultural areas is difficult to evaluate because the real extent of the damage remains usually poorly described and potentially leads to conflicts. Recent advances in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide new versatile mapping and quantification possibilities in a wide range of applications. We used crop fields (Zea mays) damaged by wild boar (Sus scrofa) and compared the extent of the damage by means of three methods: (i) traditional ground-based assessment; (ii) UAS orthoimages with operator delineation; and (iii) UAS crop height model with automatic delineation based on height threshold. We showed for the first time that UAS can be applied for assessing damage of ungulates to agriculture. The two methods using UAS imagery provide coherent and satisfactory results and tend to underestimate the damage area when compared to in-use ground-based field expertise. However, we suggest that performance of UAS should further be tested in variable conditions to assess the broad application of this tool. Our study describes the potential of UAS as a tool for estimating more accurately the damage area and subsequently the compensation costs for wildlife damage. The proposed approach can be used in support of local and regional policies for the definitions of compensation for farmers.

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Rohini, Chelat Kandari, Tharemmal Aravindan, Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop Das, and Pandanchery Arogyam Vinayan. "Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflict and People’s Perception towards Compensation Program in Nilambur, Southern Western Ghats, India." Conservation Science 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v4i1.16891.

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Aim: The aim of this research was to examine patterns of human-wildlife conflict and assess community perception towards compensation program implemented to ameliorate human-wildlife co-existence.Location: North and South Forest Divisions, Nilambur, South India.Material and Methods: Data were collected from the official archives of applications made by victims or their families at Divisional Forest Office, Nilambur North and South Forest Division, for the period 2010–2013. The data included (a) types of conflict, (b) wildlife species involved in the conflict, (c) dates of application made by applicants, (d) dates of final decision made by concerned authority and (d) relief amount sanctioned. People’s perceptions towards compensation program were gathered using a questionnaire survey (n=179).Key findings: Crop damage was the most common type of conflict, followed by property damage, injury and death by wildlife attack. Crop damage was contributed mainly by elephant (Elephas maximus) (59%) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (32%). The other wildlife species involved in conflict were bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) (3.8%), leopard (Panthera pardus) (3.3%), Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) (0.47%), porcupine (Hystrix indica) (0.29%), Guar (Bos gaurus) (0.95%) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)(0.29 %). On average, people took 13 days to claim compensation, which received decisions in 90 days. The majority of respondents (67%) were not satisfied with the compensation schemes. The main causes of such dissatisfaction were (a) allocation of insufficient money for the compensation (46.6%), (b) prolonged and difficult administrative procedures to make claims (20%), (c) people’s convictions that compensation scheme does not eradicate the conflict (20%) and (d) disbelief on the officials involved in compensation program (6.6%).Conservation implications: Our results suggest that compensation program has not gained acceptance among local community as an effective strategy to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. Although it may reduce hostile attitude towards wildlife, alternative approaches are urgently needed that avoid conflicts.

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Merkebu, Salahadin, and Dereje Yazezew. "Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict and the Attitude of Local Communities to Wild Animal Conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia." International Journal of Ecology 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6619757.

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Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has increased globally because of an increase in the human population, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the status of HWC and the attitude of local communities to wildlife conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Northeastern Ethiopia. Data were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (230), focus group discussions (7), and direct observation on the crop foraging. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. The majority of respondents (70%) reported the existence of HWC manifested because of the damage received to their assets (both crop and livestock). Canis aureus, Panthera pardus, Crocuta crocuta, and Papio hamadryas were stated as livestock depredators. Gelada, rabbit, porcupine, klipspringer, bushbuck, and duiker were considered as the major crop raiders. Over half (57.83%) of the respondents had a positive attitude, while others (36.09%) had a negative attitude towards the conservation of wildlife due to frequently faced problems. Respondents in different villages differed significantly (χ2 = 27.385, DF = 12, P < 0.05 ) in their attitude towards wildlife. Possible mitigation actions need to be undertaken to reduce the wildlife damage such that wildlife can sustainably be managed in the park.

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Harper, Paula A., and Alton S. Harestad. "Vole Damage to Coniferous Trees on Texada Island." Forestry Chronicle 62, no. 5 (October 1, 1986): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc62429-5.

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On Texada Island, British Columbia, Townsend voles injured trees by removal of bark and cambium from stems, branches, and roots of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and, rarely, western white pine. Damage occurred more frequently in pre-commercially thinned stands less than 40 years of age than in unspaced stands. Within these stands there was no selection by voles for age or diameter. However, damage increased with decreasing height. Two years after damage and spacing, injured trees exhibited no measurable reductions in volume of annual growth, a no hence control of voles is not recommended. Monitoring of the damaged areas should be continued and potential long term effects evaluated. Key Words: British Columbia, debarking, Microtus townsendii, thinning, voles, wildlife damage.

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LENHART, SUZANNE M., and MAHADEV G. BHAT. "APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER CONTROL MODEL IN WILDLIFE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 02, no. 04 (December 1992): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202592000259.

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A bioeconomic model for optimal control of wildlife damage by migratory small mammal populations is developed under the framework of a nonlinear distributed parameter control problem. The model first simulates the spatio-temporal dynamics of dispersal population by parabolic diffusive Volterra-Lotka partial differential equation and then optimizes a criterion function of present value combined costs of wildlife damage and harvesting. The existence of a unique optimal solution for a finite time problem is proved. An iterative procedure for numerical solution of the Optimality System with parabolic equations of opposite orientations is developed. The theoretical model is applied to a real life problem using biological and economic data for beaver populations under certain simplistic assumptions.

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Morgan, Chilembo, and Progress Nyanga. "Economic Implication of Human - wildlife conflict in Lupande Game Management Area – Mambwe District, Eastern Province." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1758.

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Purpose: The study aimed at establishing the economic loss caused by Human - wildlife conflict amongst small scale farmers and government. To achieving the purpose, the research was mainly guided by three objectives. To estimate the economic value of damage in agriculture, to estimate the economic value related with control by killing of problematic animals and effectiveness of response strategies in addressing Human - wildlife conflict. Methodology: The study utilised descriptive research design where primary data was collected from key informants by applying semi-structured interview guide using convenient sampling. Purposive sampling during focus group discussion meetings using focus group discussion guides was administered in Human - wildlife conflict hot spot areas. The researcher further used secondary data to gain more understanding and gather adequate information about the area of study. Therefore, 70% of the affected households from Department of National Parks and Wildlife Human - wildlife conflict SMART raw data was used. Subsequently, Descriptive Statistics, using averages and totals to analyse quantitative data, was used while qualitative data was analysed using Content and Thematic Analysis. Findings: The summary of the results showed that economic damage in agriculture was quite enormous affecting farmers with K180, 317.00 being the highest in the damage range of 25-50 percent. Regarding the estimation on economic value related with problematic animal control by killing, it was established that the government of Zambia incurred huge revenue loss amounting to K 4,318,049.86 if such animals or trophies were sold. On the effectiveness of response strategies, the majority of the participants stated that few measures were put in place to solve Human – wildlife conflict. In Zambia, several researchers and scholars have reviewed Human – wildlife conflict phenomena. However, there has been no study that has sought to establish economic implication on small scale farmers and revenue loss to the government through control by killing of problematic animals. This study therefore seeks to fill this knowledge gap looking at estimation of economic implications of Human – wildlife conflict in the study area. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results of this study could influence formulation of appropriate mitigation measures and policies for wildlife conservation and revenue recovery from controlled by killed of such animals in Zambia.

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Rondeau, Daniel, and Erwin Bulte. "Wildlife Damage and Agriculture: A Dynamic Analysis of Compensation Schemes." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 89, no. 2 (May 2007): 490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00995.x.

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Johnson, Ron J., Ronald M. Case, and Mary M. Beck. "Biodeterioration of the biosphere: Where does wildlife damage management stand?" International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 36, no. 1-2 (January 1995): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(95)00112-3.

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Skonhoft, Anders. "Wildlife Management in the Presence of Predation and Damage Costs." Journal of Forest Economics 37, no. 4 (2022): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/112.00000558.

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Montero Botey, María, Mario Soliño, Ramón Perea, and María Martínez-Jauregui. "Let Us Give Voice to Local Farmers: Preferences for Farm-Based Strategies to Enhance Human–Elephant Coexistence in Africa." Animals 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141867.

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Local communities surrounding wildlife corridors and natural reserves often face challenges related to human–wildlife coexistence. To mitigate the challenges and ensure the long-term conservation of wildlife, it is important to engage local communities in the design of conservation strategies. By conducting 480 face-to-face interviews in 30 villages along and adjacent to the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor (Tanzania), we quantified farmers’ preferences for farm-based measures to mitigate African elephant damage using choice experiments. Results show that farmers considered no action the least preferred option, revealing that they are open to trying different measures. The most preferred management strategy matched with the preferences of wildlife rangers in the area, suggesting low concern about the potential conflicts between stakeholders. However, a latent class model suggests that there are significant differences among responses triggered by farmers’ previous experience with elephants, the intensity of the elephant damage, and the socioeconomic situation of the farmer. Results show a marked spatial distribution among respondents, highlighting the benefits of zone management as conflicts were found to be highly context dependent. Understanding the human dimension of conservation is essential for the successful planification and implementation of conservation strategies. Therefore, the development and broad utilization of methodologies to gather specific context information should be encouraged.

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Peterson, M. Nils, Markus J. Peterson, Tarla Rai Peterson, and Kirsten Leong. "Why transforming biodiversity conservation conflict is essential and how to begin." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 2 (2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130094.

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Conserving biodiversity requires productive management of conflict. Currently, wildlife are often portrayed as conscious human antagonists, which must be fought. We suggest using the ‘comic corrective’ to experiment with ways to reframe human–human conflicts over wildlife management and wildlife damage. This requires a deep commitment to change, often made more palatable through humour. This effort to fight the use of the term human–wildlife conflict should not be interpreted as a call to reject human–human conflict as a useful conservation tool. Conservationists, who value wildlife, often misleadingly suggest that conservation can sidestep irreducible value differences and political processes that see proponents of different views as antagonists. Because democracies cannot function without dissent, we suggest that conservation biologists should embrace stakeholder conflicts over wildlife conservation as a way to improve decision making. In particular, we should challenge the view that wildlife are willfully antagonistic to people while recognizing conflict among humans over how biodiversity conservation should occur.

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Jessup, David A., and Jonna A. K. Mazet. "Rehabilitation of Oiled Wildlife: Why Do It?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-573.

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ABSTRACT Although the public's interest in oil spills and similar environmental disasters often focus on the plight of injured animals, animal issues are only a very small part of an oil spill response. The dichotomy between the public's and the media's perception of what is important and what many wildlife biologists feel is important for long-term species conservation has led to conflicts and heated exchanges between proponents and opponents of oiled wildlife care. Additionally, some critics believe that there is a competition for funds between wildlife care and wildlife restoration, and that oiled wildlife care is offered up as a solution to pollution's damage to wildlife populations, or as an alternative to prevention. In California the collection, medical care, and rehabilitation of oiled wildlife is part of a comprehensive program for pollution response and provides data needed for planning, prevention and restoration. It is conducted for specific legal, social, political, and biological reasons. Under these circumstances, oiled wildlife care supports species conservation programs, as well as helping to document injury.

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Feng, Lu, Wenjie Liao, and Junhua Hu. "Towards a More Sustainable Human–Animal Relationship: The Legal Protection of Wildlife in China." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2019): 3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113112.

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Problems of the human–animal relationship in China are associated with imperfect legal protection. Few recent studies in English have focused on the entire legislation framework for wildlife protection, or paid sufficient attention to revision of the Wildlife Protection Law of China. This study aims to provide a review of the legislation pertinent to the overall framework of wildlife protection in China, thus making the legislative framework understood by a broader audience. We present various legal documents of national, local, and international level—including the Constitution, national laws, national administrative regulations and departmental rules, and local regulations and rules, all selected for their direct and close relation to wildlife protection. We then discuss the challenges of internal defects in the legislation for wildlife protection and problems of coordination between the laws—including the lack of stipulation on the definition of wildlife, the narrow scope of the legal protection of wildlife, the incomplete stipulation on the property rights of wildlife, the imperfect stipulation on wildlife utilization, the relatively limited protection system of wildlife habitats, and the relatively vague damage compensation caused by wildlife protection, with an emphasis on revisions of the Wildlife Protection Law of China in 2016. In conclusion, we draw wider implications for the legal protection of wildlife in China, arguing for a more sustainable human–animal relationship.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wildlife damage'

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