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1
Grant, Valerie J. "The Maternal Dominance Hypothesis: Questioning Trivers and Willard." Evolutionary Psychology 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 147470490300100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470490300100106.
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Thirty years ago, Trivers and Willard (1973) hypothesized that parental “condition” could be central in influencing the sex ratio of offspring, “good condition” being associated with the conception of males. However, I argue that “condition” is a distraction in this otherwise useful hypothesis, because it is merely a frequent indicator of dominance (a characteristic which often leads to priority access to resources); and that it is dominance, a biologically-based characteristic underpinned by testosterone, which is of interest. Shifting the focus from good condition to the dominance-testosterone link could help explain otherwise anomalous findings in the literature on the sex ratio. In addition, in female mammals, testosterone is hypothesized to have a role in reproductive processes such that the mother could influence or even control the sex of her offspring, conceiving whichever sex she is, at that time, and in that place, best suited to raise. Such a mechanism would confer an evolutionary advantage on those females able to make use of it.
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Burke, Flannery. "Spud Johnson and a Gay Man's Place in the Taos Creative Arts Community." Pacific Historical Review 79, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.1.86.
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This article explores the status of Willard "Spud" Johnson within the modernist arts community of Taos, New Mexico, in the 1930s. By highlighting Johnson's entertaining and self-reflective journal, the article addresses how Johnson's homosexuality contributed to his position as a middling member of the Taos arts community, a position poised between white members of the colony, especially women, and the non-white local New Mexicans whom members of the colony patronized. By examining the internal hierarchy of the Taos arts community, I shed light on how creative production works. Although popular audiences tend to credit individual genius, the beauty of the landscape, or the appeal of local traditions for creative production, Johnson's experience suggests that internal social relationships, even inequitable ones, shape the creative dynamics of arts colonies.
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Muehlhaeusler, Mark. "Eight Arabic Block Prints from the Collection of Aziz S. Atiya." Arabica 55, no. 5 (2008): 528–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005808x364580.
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AbstractThis article describes a group of medieval Arabic block prints from the collection of Aziz S. Atiya preserved (with one exception) at the J. Willard Marriott Library at the University of Utah. It provides transcriptions of the texts, translations and notes, and discusses some aspects of the history of block-printing in the Middle East. This article also considers the place of block-printed amulets within the larger Islamic magical tradition, and examines parallels in a variety of sources.
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Scheiber, Harry N. "Federalism and the Processes of Governance in Hurst's Legal History." Law and History Review 18, no. 1 (2000): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744357.
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“The more important any legal theme is in United States history,” Willard Hurst once wrote, “the more likely it is that it has been significantly affected by the coexistence and interplay of the national and the state governments.” That federalism and its impact on legal development should have been of central importance to Hurst's interpretations of American history is by no means surprising, yet the subject seldom finds a place in the growing literature on Hurst's seminal research contributions. His estimate of federalism's importance may no doubt be explained in part by the close relationship that he had with Felix Frankfurter as the research assistant in 1935–36 for Frankfurter's book of lectures on the Commerce Clause in the nineteenth century. This was a study animated, one can be certain, by Frankfurter's interest in finding ample room within the constitutional order for giving the states adequate space to pursue their varied individual policy preferences in response to the challenges posed by economic and social change. Indeed, Frankfurter had long been struggling with the issue of what authority was left, by a proper interpretation of constitutional federalism, to the state legislatures and courts; and he must have been pleased when Hurst wrote to him in 1938 that he was thinking about undertaking a historical study of diversity jurisdiction as a way of getting “a slant on the business of making federalism work.”
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Gruber, Judith. "Conclusion: Dissent in the Roman Catholic Church: A Response." Horizons 45, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2018.64.
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The contributions to this roundtable weave a rich tapestry of dissent in the Roman Catholic Church. Together, they expose some of the divergent voices within the church—voices that resist easy reconciliation and unification. Dissent, this roundtable shows, takes many forms; it can be directed ad intra (Willard) or ad extra (Gonzalez Maldonado), it can be geared toward the justification of hegemonic structures (Slattery) or aim at their subversion (Steidl). Moreover, these contributions do not just highlight the multiplicity of voices within the church. Indeed, each of them points to conflict and contestation between the diverse Catholicisms they discuss: each of these sometimes-contradictory Catholicisms claims to be authentically and normatively Catholic. This indicates that a discourse about plurality within the church is at the same time a discourse about the struggle for sovereignty of interpretation over the church. Further, the contributions also show that these contestations over the right to define orthodoxy take place under asymmetrical relations of authority and power. The struggle over right belief and right practice is first and foremost a struggle over who has a voice to define Catholic orthodoxy in the first place—who can participate, from which position, in this struggle? Ultimately, therefore, this roundtable demonstrates that questions of normativity by no means become arbitrary or sidelined once we reveal the silent and silenced voices underneath the established master narrative of the church about itself as one and stable. Yet, at the same time, it also becomes obvious that established theological approaches to this inner-ecclesial plurality no longer hold. The dominant theological readings of Catholic tradition have always reckoned with a history of plural, deviant Catholicisms, but they have subjected this inner-ecclesial plurality to the theological ideal and a historical construction of unity and consensus. However, as Gaillardetz and Slattery point out, this narrative of unity has lost both its innocence and its self-evidence as the only legitimate framework for organizing the “raw material” of Catholic tradition. Rereadings of church history through the lens of power-critical studies make visible that Catholic tradition, too, is a power/knowledge regime. They reveal that orthodoxy is, in a literal sense, “heresy”: it takes its shape through epistemopolitical choices (αἵρεσις); it is forged through the exclusion of alternative theological narratives. Where do we stand after this destabilization of tradition, after this loss of innocence? Once stability and consensus have been problematized as the normative organizing principles of Catholic tradition, how else should we think of the church? Can we develop alternative models that take conflict and contestation into account as constitutive moments in our understanding of the church, rather than an afterthought to be eradicated?
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Tselishchev, Vitaly V. "Intensionality: From Philosophical Logic to Metamathematics." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 458 (2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/10.
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The article is devoted to the study of the status of intensionality in the exact contexts of logical and mathematical theories. The emergence of intensionality in logical and mathematical discourse leads to significant obstacles in its formalization due to the appearance of indirect contexts, the uncertainty of its indication in the theoretical apparatus, as well as the presence of various kinds of difficult-to-account semantic distinctions. The refusal to consider intensionality in logic is connected with Bertrand Russell’s criticism of Alexius Meinong’s intensionality ontology, and with Willard Van Orman Quine’s criticism of the concept of meaning and quantification of modalities. It is shown that this criticism is based on a preference for the theory of indication over the theory of meaning, in terms of the distinction “Bedeutung” and “Sinn” introduced by Gottlob Frege. The extensionality thesis is explicated; by analogy with it the intensionality thesis is constructed. It is shown that complete parallelism is not possible here, and therefore we should proceed from finding cases of extensionality violation. Since the construction of formal logical systems is to a certain extent connected with the programs of the foundations of mathematics, the complex interweaving of philosophical and purely technical questions makes the question of the role of intensionality in mathematics quite confusing. However, there is one clue here: programs in the foundations of mathematics have given rise to metamathematics, which, although it stands alone, is considered a branch of mathematics. It is not by chance that, judging by the problems arising in connection with intensionality, there is a growing suspicion that intensionality can play a significant role in metamathematics. As for the question of the sense in which metamathematics results can be considered mathematical, in terms of the presence of intensional contexts in both disciplines, it is a matter of taste: for example, the autonomy of mathematical knowledge as a result of the desire of mathematicians to eliminate the influence of philosophy that took place in the case of David Hilbert may be worth considering in the context of mathematics. Thus, the rather vague concept of intensionality receives various explications in different contexts, whether it is philosophical logic or metamathematics. In any case, the detection of context intensionality is always associated with a clear narrowing of the research area. It is obvious that the creation of a more general theory of intensionality is possible within a more general framework, in which logic and mathematics must be combined. In this respect, we can hope for the resumption of a logical project, which would be a purely logical consideration made of the natural and the mathematical.
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Blum, Edward. "“Paul Has Been Forgotten”: Women, Gender, and Revivalism during the Gilded Age." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, no. 3 (July 2004): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778140000342x.
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During gigantic urban revivals in 1875 and 1876, the Chicago-shoe-salesman-turned-religious-evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody set the northern United States ablaze with the fires of a great religious awakening. Over two million Americans of all Protestant affiliations attended his meetings in Brooklyn, Philadelphia, New York City, and Chicago. Although his popularity had been unrivalled, Moody worried about his campaign that would begin in Boston in 1877. To carry the day, he knew that he would need the help of “the New England women.” “What a power they would be,” Moody claimed. For this reason, he sought out Frances E. Willard, an up-and-coming female leader and temperance advocate. When the two met, the evangelist asked, “Will you go with me to Boston and help in the women's meetings?” After considering the invitation for several days, Willard agreed to join him. She did more than merely minister to women, however. On one occasion, as she recounted later, “Mr. Moody…placed my name upon his program” to “literally preach” to men and women. Willard wondered aloud if the sight of a woman preaching would shock the audience: “Brother Moody…, perhaps you will hinder the work among these conservatives.” Responding, Moody “laughed in his cheery way, and declared that ‘it was just what they needed.’”
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Carboni, Selene, and John M. Kennedy. "Eyes Outside a Boundary Line: An Example of the Willats Region-Drawing Theory?" Perception 49, no. 7 (July 2020): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620929473.
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A puzzling raised-line drawing of a head by a blind man with no experience in freehand drawing has eyes placed outside the boundary line of the head, not inside. After scribbling, in the John Willats theory of drawing development, 2D “regions” on the page stand for 3D “volumes” in the scene. If Willats is correct, in very early drawing development circles touching the boundary line from outside may show the eyes are “embedded,” and very early drawing development may be similar in the blind and sighted.
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Stecconi, Ubaldo. "How translations are willed into existence." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 10, no. 3 (2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2019-3-5.
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This paper will argue that translations are willed into existence in three conceivable ways: pull, push and shuffle. Pull is the most intuitive form. It corresponds, for example, to a publishing house that decides to translate a foreign novel. Here, the initiative to invest in a new translation project is almost entirely located on the target side. The push mode, in contrast, can be exemplified by a company that decides to localise its website to cater for foreign markets. Here the decisions to make translation happen are mostly located on the source side. The shuffle mode corresponds to those rare cases in which the process is located neither on the source nor on the target side, but straddles the semiotic barriers or folds that make acts of translating possible or necessary in the first place. The discussion affirms the status of translators as active players, or agents, of communication. If it is true that in real life translators rarely determine whether a sign will cross a semiotic fold or have much say in the process, in principle nothing prevents them from bringing their desires, motives, and strategies to the table. Translators can — and should — have a larger say on why, whether, and how new translated texts appear in the target environment.
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Barsukova, Irina, and Tatiana Leonova. "Biological peculiarities and characteristics of Erodium tataricum WILLD. cenopopulation in Khakasia." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600004.
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Biological and structural peculiarities of Erodium tataricum Willd. cenopopulations in natural surroundings of Khakasia are examined. It is found out that the species make two vegetal forms under the changing environmental conditions. Ontogeny is complete, regeneration does not take place. Two types of ontogeny are found out: morphological and dynamic (according to the rate of growth). Examined Erodium tataricum Willd. cenopopulations are normal and incomplete. They are characterized by left-sided and bimodal ontogenetic spectra.
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Rzaeva, A. "Seed propagation of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. in Absheron." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/62/05.
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The bioecological characteristics of the genus Juniperus L. on the Absheron Peninsula and its resistance to environmental factors are considered. The juniper, which occupies a very important place in the forests of Azerbaijan, is less demanding on environmental factors. At the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, research on seed reproduction was carried out. Despite the fact that seed propagation is the only way to create new hybrid forms, the structure of the seeds and the growth characteristics of conifers make it difficult to use this propagation method. In the presented work, the influence of various factors on seed reproduction is considered and a model for the complex application of stratification and scarification for seed germination is proposed.
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Turner, Sally, Christine Gibbs, and Ewan McNeill. "Noreen Dale Lewis." Veterinary Record 187, no. 6 (September 18, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.m3649.
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Freedman, Richard. "Claude Le Jeune, Adrian Willaert and the Art of Musical Translation." Early Music History 13 (October 1994): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001327.
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In calling for a new history of French music and musical life of the second half of the sixteenth century, Howard Mayer Brown's paper has presented scholars with a number of formidable challenges. It admonishes us to re-examine nearly every facet of what remains largely an enigma of music history. Simultaneously exacting and encyclopedic, it considers in turn each of four themes: the relation of words and music; the means and character of print culture; musical styles and genres; and (perhaps most important of all) the social context of the chanson itself – what Brown called ‘the anthropology of the French chanson’. His essay concerns the problems and perspectives of Renaissance musicology: how we hear and how we explain the music of the past in relation to those who first made and heard it. It thus requires us to reconsider our assumptions about the nature and workings of historical change, the status of canonical styles and those who promoted them, and the very place of music in culture.
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Rolliston, Christopher. "Collingwood and the Relation between Theory, Practice and Values in Historical Thinking." Journal of the Philosophy of History 3, no. 2 (2009): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226309x434849.
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AbstractIn texts such as An Autobiography, Collingwood asserts that historical thinking as he understood it effects a "rapprochement" between theory and practice or even a "negation" of this traditional distinction, a thesis that would seem to place him on the opposite side of the debate about the place of values in historical research to figures such as Max Weber, who famously argued for history and the social sciences being "value free" disciplines. This article then investigates this apparent contrast, taking a critical approach to the arguments Collingwood propounds on the topic across a range of his later writings. After noting the curiously limited nature of these arguments however, Collingwood's self-styled "historical" conception of duty is discussed to show that in fact, his position on the place of values in historical research was indistinguishable to Weber's, since at the centre of both is the doctrine that judgements about what to do can never be simply deduced from scholarly study, but instead must be willed in practice itself.
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Patten, Kim, Carol O’Casey, and Chase Metzger. "Large-Scale Chemical Control of Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in Willapa Bay, WA: Towards Eradication and Ecological Restoration." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 3 (September 2017): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.25.
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The grass species Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) is an invasive ecosystem engineer with serious ecological consequences to intertidal mudflats and saltmarshes. The largest infestation in North America was in Willapa Bay, WA, where it occupied ~3,600 solid ha, covering ~27,000 ha of intertidal habitat. An extensive effort by land managers to eradicate S. alterniflora has been in place for over two decades. This article discusses (1) the success of the control and issues that will need to be resolved in order to achieve eradication; (2) post-control succession of affected tidelands to native marsh species, and (3) the impact that S. alterniflora removal has had on shorebird usage of affected tidelands.
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Paden, William E. "Response to Review Panelists." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 30, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341418.
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Abstract This article consists of replies to the reviewers. For Ambasciano I show that his concern about the taint of epistemic phenomenologies can be largely deflected by understanding the exact contextualization of the materials he questions, particularly their place in the function, structure and serialized nature of the argument. Responding to Segal I try to clarify the evolutionary role of functionalism, the relation of Durkheim and Eliade as I am using them, and the role of difference in comparativism. Willard’s questions about the relations of my natural history approach to the cultural evolution model provides a good opportunity to point out their complementarity and differences.
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Suhadi, Suhadi. "SEBARAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH PADA TUMBUHAN Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del. DI SAVANA BEKOL TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.14.2.20093.
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Bekol savannah is places of reproduction for banteng (Bos javanicus d` Alton), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L), large deer (Cervus timorensis) and green peafowl (Pavo mutiacus) and for conservation of species, habitat and genetic. In sector recreation and tourism, Bekol Savannah is object for eco-tourism, that is very attractive for local tourist or foreign and to see biodiversity of flora and fauna. Set of problems are wildlife population very low result presence Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del in savannah. This plant competitive with wildlife feeding grasslands result to descent plant diversity and biomass. The conclusion of the grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del. in Bekol savannah Baluran National Park are: (1) The grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex. Del.plot 1×1 m2 have 24 species`s with importance value of wildlife feeding grasslands = 40.49%, (2). The grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del.plot 1x1 m2 (distance of plots 1 m from center point of stem) have 27 species`s with importance value of wildlife feeding = 29.30% and (3). Productivity wildlife feeding grasslands only of to fill 8.93% from wildlife in savannah if be found plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del.
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Кравчук, Т. М., and О. В. Чуркін. "Use of exercises of strong-willed gymnastics in the course of physical training of senior pupils." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2013.1.1008.
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Research aim: to ground expediency of the use of exercises of volitional gymnastics in the process of P.E of senior pupils and check their efficiency. For the decision of the tasks put in-process, the next methods of research were used: analysis of pedagogical and scientifically-methodical literature; conversations are with specialists; pedagogical supervision; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics. Conclusions. Exercises of volitional gymnastics, that extraordinarily simple in mastering, do not require the presence of the specially equipped place and the implementations of various exercises based on principle without a burden, with conscious tension of corresponding muscles, can be fruitfully used in P.E of senior pupils. The use of exercises of volitional gymnastics in the process of P.E of students of higher forms assists the increase of level of development of flexibility and force, that it was experimentally well-proven during research. A most increase was observed in development of force (25%) and flexibility (24,49%) for senior pupils that executed exercises of volitional gymnastics on the lessons of physical culture and independently at home.
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Ireland, H., and R. T. Pennington. "A revision of Geoffroea(Leguminoscw–Papilionoideae)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 56, no. 3 (November 1999): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001293.
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Geoffroea (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) has traditionally comprised three species. In this revision the number of species is reduced to two because G. striata (Willd.) Morong is considered indistinct from G. spinosa Jacq. and is placed in synonymy. No significant morphological variation is found between the five isolated areas of distribution of G. spinosa, which occurs in the disjunct seasonally dry tropical forests of South America, and there is certainly no basis for recognizing separate taxa.
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WOLTERS-FREDLUND, BENITA. "A “League Against Willan”? The Early Years of the Canadian League of Composers, 1951–1960." Journal of the Society for American Music 5, no. 4 (October 24, 2011): 445–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196311000289.
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AbstractThe founders of the Canadian League of Composers were young modernists who resented the conservative musical climate in Canada epitomized by the traditional British style of Canada's most famous composer, Healey Willan. In their first decade (1951–60), during which their membership grew from eight to more than forty and they presented dozens of concerts of new Canadian music, they struggled to find a balance between two competing goals: championing the cause of all Canadian composers, regardless of style, and promoting modern and avant-garde styles, which had been virtually ignored by the older Canadian musical establishment. This article probes how those tensions played out in two of the league's early activities: membership decisions and concert programming. Although the league did admit composers and feature works representing a wide variety of stylistic influences, its membership and concerts were nonetheless dominated by younger composers interested in modern styles, especially the group of composers in John Weinzweig's circle in Toronto. The group earned a reputation as young radicals because of their modernistic programming choices and a controversial policy that limited membership to composers younger than sixty. Although its members may not have been entirely successful in their efforts at inclusivity, the league's ground-breaking activities in the 1950s did help to establish a place for composition generally and musical modernism in particular in the postwar Canadian cultural landscape.
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Wei, He-Ping, Feng Wang, and Rui-Ting Ju. "Spatial distribution and sampling of Corythucha ciliata (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in London plane trees." Entomologica Fennica 24, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84596.
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Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression were used to describe the dispersion patterns for overwintering and wandering stages of Corythucha ciliata on the London plane trees, Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. Both Taylor’s and Iwao’s tests fit the distribution data for the overwintering stage. The overwintering adults were spatially aggregated. In the wandering stage, Taylor’s power law consistently fit the data, whereas the fit of Iwao’s patchiness regression was erratic. Both Iwao’s and Taylor’s indices indicated a clumped distribution pattern for eggs, nymphs, and wandering adults. Trunk was identified as the best sampling target for the overwintering stage whereas twig was the best for the wandering stage. In order to determine the sample size for evaluating whether the population has reached the control threshold, the sampling of 35 and 7 trunks for the overwintering stage and 32 and 8 twigs per tree for the wandering stage would provide 0.5- and 0.25-precision levels, respectively.
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Reynolds, Christopher. "Motive, Structure and Meaning in Willaert’s Motet Videns Dominus." Journal of Musicology 32, no. 3 (2015): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2015.32.3.328.
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This study of Adrian Willaert’s motet, Videns Dominus flentes sorores Lazari, demonstrates how the construction and distribution of motives indicate a particular reading of the text, the story of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead. While this reading has important elements in common with artistic renderings of the story of Jesus resurrecting Lazarus, it also demonstrates the ability of music to express a kind of meaning unavailable to artists. Willaert created a symmetrical structure with the command of Jesus to Lazarus placed in the exact middle of the motet, with events on either side ordered concentrically to represent Lazarus’s return to life. Key events in Willaert’s motet recur in Jacobus Vaet’s Videns Dominus (1562), and Hieronymus Praetorius’s double-choir motet, Videns Dominus flentes sorores Lazari (1599).
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Singh, Dr Abha. "Space and Identity of Women in Indian English Writings." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10134.
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The women’s studies have been receiving increasing academic and disciplinary recognition throughout the globe. The writers are determined to narrate, respond and react to the place of women in society. The purpose of the present paper is to redefine the image of women in post colonial Indian English literature. The post colonial Indian English writers focus on major issues relating to woman such as her awakening to the realization of her individuality, her breaking away with the traditional image. The transformation of the idealized women into an assertive self willed woman, searching and discovering her true self is described by various Indian Writers like Anita Desai, Sashi Deshpande, Nayantara Sahgal, Bharati Mukherjee, Kamla Markandaya, Manju Kapoor and many others have depicted females who are not silent sufferers but have learnt to fight against injustice and humiliation.
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TANAKA, Jun, and Yukinori YAMAGUCHI. "Utilization of metal plate barrier for inhibiting growth of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 41, no. 4 (2015): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.41.468.
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Fedianina, Vladlena A. "The Presentation of Tendai Teachingin Jien’s Poetry." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2021): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-2-165-174.
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This study analyzes how Buddhist philosophical ideas in Chinese and Indian scriptures were interpreted to make them more understandable in mediaeval Japan. It is based on the textual analysis of a cycle of poems entitled Kasuga hyakushu sō, composed by the Tendai monk Jien (1155‒1255). Jien consciously uses the poetic language of waka to express complex philosophical concepts. A textual analysis of Kasuga hyakushu sōōōо (circa 1218) sheds light on some seminal features of Japanese Buddhism including the place of Japanese deities (kami) in the system of Buddhist teaching, the time-spatial concept of the sangoku-mappō. Kasuga hyakushu sō was an offering to the Kasuga Shrine, where the ancestral deities of the Fujiwara clan were worshipped. Conversely, this cycle of poems also reflects the historiosophical views of Jien, who believed that the role of the Fujiwara family in the history of Japan was willed by Amaterasu.
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Roll, Michael J., and Steven E. Newman. "Photoperiod of Poinsettia Stock Plants Influences Rooting of Cuttings." HortTechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.1.41.
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Rooting of cuttings from three cultivars of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. was evaluated after regulating the photoperiod during the stock plant stage. One group of stock plants was exposed to a night break (4 hours) and another group was exposed to natural daylength during September. Cuttings harvested in late September from `Freedom Red' and `Monet' stock plants grown under the 4-hour night break rooted more rapidly and had greater root mass than `Freedom Red' and `Monet' grown under natural daylength, whereas rooting of cuttings from `V-17 Angelika Marble' was not influenced by the photoperiods tested. Using a night break to prevent flower initiation of stock plants produced a higher-quality cutting when propagation took place after the critical daylength for flowering had passed.
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Gingrich, Brian. "Willa Cather’s Naivete." Twentieth-Century Literature 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-8646863.
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This article locates the place of Willa Cather’s work in literary history by revealing its relation to a central tradition of aesthetics. If at times her work has seemed to waver between romanticism and realism, if today it seems destined to be associated with modernism, yet another set of terms is more appropriate for defining it: by pursuing the sentimental, Cather’s work produces an advanced form of the naive. These terms emerge from an aesthetic tradition that ranges from Friedrich Schiller through Hegel, Emerson, and Ruskin to Theodor Adorno. Applied across Cather’s work, they reveal a mode of perception in her narration that not only elucidates the dialectical relationship between her romanticism and modernism but also offers a dialectical perspective on the relationship between her elegiac tendencies and her visions of empire..
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Kurdyukova, O., and O. Tyschuk. "To prevent the distribution of new weeds of the genus Erigeron L." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.1-2.21-24.
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Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the biological characteristics of species of the genus Erigeron, their distribution, harmfulness and methods of control.
Мethods. The studies were conducted during 2006—2018 on the territory of the steppe zones of Ukraine in segetal and ruderal vegetation. The determination of the frequency of occurrence and spread of weeds was carried out in agrophytocenoses and uncultivated lands according to generally accepted methods. Evaluation of the harmfulness of weeds was carried out in the Left bank province of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The soils are chernozemic soils ordinary meddle loamy. Latin plant names are listed on the Catalogue of Life international database.
Results. All species of the genus Erigeron in the steppe zones of Ukraine differ in biological and ecological indicators, habitats, weediness and reaction to various methods of control. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort., Stenactis annua (L.) Cass.) — wintering, less often spring weed. It occurs scattered or in groups, often forms thickets. It grows in meadows, gardens, parks, fallow, littered places, along the canals. It is identified in the fields of maize, sunflower, sorghum, melon crops and vegetable gardens. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (Phalacroloma strigosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Tzvel., Stenactis strigosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.) — spring, wintering or biennial weed. It occurs as single individuals in meadows, littered places, edges of fields, near perennial grasses under irrigation. Erigeron strigosus var. septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. (Phalacroloma septentrionale (Fern. & Wieg.) Tzvel., Stenactis septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Holub) — yearling, biennial or weed. It is found scattered or in groups on meadows, fallows, littered places, in populated areas, flower beds. It is identified in the fields of corn, sunflower, sorghum, fodder crops and vegetable gardens. Small tillage promotes Erigeron`s dissemination and resettlement, the abandonment of complete fallow, and the reduction of chemical protection. The grain yield with an average weediness of crops decreased by 23—28%, vegetable crops — by 16—19%, fodder crops — by 11—18%. An effective method of controlling weeds of the genus Erigeron is intensive autumn tillage. The use of herbicides in the autumn is impractical. In the spring, pre-sowing harrowing, cultivation and herbicides are used.
Conclusions. Early detection of weeds of the genus Erigeron at the initial stages of invasion, effective control through intensive tillage in the autumn, the use of harrowing, cultivations and herbicides in the spring, fully prevents their distribution and resettlement in the steppe zones of Ukraine.
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Lopes, Adriano Salviano, Carina Seixas Maia Dornelas, Iracy Amélia Pereira Lopes, Ariana Da Mota Oliveira, Micilene Silva De Brito, and Alecksandra Vieira De Lacerda. "Influência das condições ambientais de armazenamento na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 48 (March 3, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n48p119-127.
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Storage is a fundamental practice in the control of physiological seed quality since it is a method that can preserve seed viability and vigor for a longer period. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of storage in the physiological quality of seeds of “jurema-preta” (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd)) in different environments and packages. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Ecology and Botany (CDSA/UFCG), using seeds collected from matrix trees in the municipality of Sumé (Paraíba State, Brazil). The seeds were homogenized and placed in different packages (Kraft paper bag and glass packaging). After that, they were stored under laboratory conditions and in a freezer for nine months. In each and every month of storage, the following characteristics were evaluated: moisture content, emergence, emergence speed index, seedling length. The seeds stored in freezer in glass packaging showed the best results for all evaluated parameters, whereas the seeds stored in paper bags at room temperature lost their germination vigor after 120 days of storage. Thus, storage in glass packaging, in freezer, is more appropriate for storing seeds of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd).
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Taraszkiewicz, Antoni. "Revitalization of Residential Buildings Dating Back to the Late 19th and Early 20th Century on the Example of “Willa Halina” in Sopot (Poland)." Buildings 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070279.
Full textAbstract:
Residential buildings dating back to the late 19th and early 20th century constitute an important element of the urban composition of many European cities, often determining their overall spatial expression. These buildings often require revitalization and sometimes also reconstruction or extension. Such activities make it possible to restore historical buildings to their former glory, but also to create new architecture, inscribed in the context of the place, yet bearing witness to modern times. Revitalization of historically and architecturally valuable but technically degraded residential buildings is one of the important elements of maintaining and sometimes rebuilding the image of modern cities and their sustainable development. However, revitalization activities require solving many problems of conservational nature, especially issues related to preserving the authenticity of the existing tissue, ways of reconstructing lost elements, and connecting historical architecture with contemporary architecture. Historic residential buildings of Sopot, a city located in Poland on the shores of the Baltic Sea, dating back to the late 19th and early 20th century, provide excellent research material for such considerations. In the article, the historical center of Sopot was examined, with particular emphasis on the historic Willa Halina from 1896 located there, which was revitalized (according to the design of the author of the article). Using such research methods as analysis of historical source material (iconography), observation (operationalization of preserved historical objects), comparative analysis of contemporary investments, and analysis of the revitalization design of “Willa Halina”, an attempt was made to present spatial and technical solutions leading to the desired effects in the revitalization process. This work aims to show (on the example of Willa Halina in Sopot) the author’s method of revitalizing valuable, historical residential buildings, complying with international conservation standards, including the Venice Charter, adopted in 1964 by the Second International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historical Monuments. The paper also aims to present spatial and technical solutions leading to desired effects in the revitalization process, consistent with the idea of sustainable development.
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RAMASWAMY, SUMATHI. "Giving Becomes Him: The posthumous fortune(s) of Pachaiyappa Mudaliar." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 1 (January 2018): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000531.
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AbstractThis article explores the ways in which Pachaiyappa Mudaliar (1754?–1794) has been panegyrized as the quintessential benefactor of our times in Tamil prose, poetry, and pictures over the course of the past century and a half. In the bureaucratic and legal documents of the colonial state, he appears as a rapacious moneylender and behind-the-scenes wheeler-dealer, a member of that hated class of ‘Madrasdubashes’, a ‘most diabolical race of men’. In contrast, Tamil memory work since at least the 1840s has differently recalled this shadowy eighteenth-century man as a selfless philanthropist whose vast wealth financed some of the earliest educational institutions in the Madras Presidency. I track the posthumous fate of Pachaiyappa's bequest to argue that even as the founding of the public trust and its educational philanthropy departed radically from his willed intentions, a new complex of living, dying, and giving for the sake of native education was put in place in the Tamil country in the age of colonial capital and pedagogic modernity.
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WILSON, NERIDA G., and RICHARD C. WILLAN. "Hypselodoris jacksoni, a new species from the south-western Pacific Ocean (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae), with a discussion on intraspecific variation in mantle glands in Chromodoris willani Rudman, 1982." Zootaxa 1549, no. 1 (August 15, 2007): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
A new species of Hypselodoris (Chromodorididae) is described from the subtropical and temperate south-western Pacific Ocean (eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island). The colouration of Hypselodoris jacksoni sp. nov. is distinctive, though highly variable intraspecifically. Hypselodoris jacksoni belongs to the Indo-Pacific Hypselodoris clade (for which the key synapomorphy is a minute receptaculum seminis) and, based on comparisons of internal and external morphology, appears to belong to a subclade characterised by an elevated branchial sheath, probably most closely related to H. krakotoa Gosliner & Johnson, 1999, H. reidi Gosliner & Johnson, 1999 and H. regina Ev. & Er. Marcus, 1970. Intraspecific variation in the arrangement of mantle glands in H. jacksoni prompted a preand post-fixation comparison of mantle glands in another chromodorid, Chromodoris willani Rudman, 1982. These results indicate these structures can vary significantly within a population (and thus species), and it is likely that too much emphasis has been placed on mantle glands for separating species in the recent literature.
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Lyall, Scott. "Minor Modernisms: The Scottish Renaissance and the Translation of German-language Modernism." Modernist Cultures 14, no. 2 (May 2019): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2019.0251.
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Germany has been epitomised in the twentieth century as Britain's main rival and adversary. Yet Scottish modernists were influenced by Germany and German-language modernism to think more internationally about their nation and work, a cultural encounter that took place largely in and through translation. Willa and Edwin Muir, who in the early 1920s stayed at educational modernist A. S. Neill's experimental school in Germany, translated German-language modernists such as Kafka and Broch. Hugh MacDiarmid utilised translations of Nietzsche to inform his call for a renascent Scotland. Lewis Grassic Gibbon would write Sunset Song after reading Gustav Frenssen's regional novel Jörn Uhl. Behind this lies the contention that the breakup of world empires, such as the British and Austro-Hungarian, occasioned minor modernisms (to adapt Deleuze and Guattari) such as that in Scotland, and that translation was central to the emergence, impact, and transnationality of the Scottish renaissance movement.
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Popa, Karin, Alexandru Cecal, Doina Humelnicu, Ioan Caraus, and Camelia Draghici. "Removal of 60Co2+ and 137Cs+ ions from low radioactive solutions using Azolla caroliniana willd. water fern." Open Chemistry 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476199.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study concerns the removal of the 137Cs+ and 60Co2+ β+γ-radioactive ions in Azolla caroliniana Willd. water fern. The living fern and two different types of biosorbent prepared from Azolla caroliniana were tested to remove the above-mentioned radioactive ions from dilute solutions, in the absence and in the presence of the ionic competition. Effective 137Cs+ and 60Co2+ ions removal from low radioactive wastewaters was demonstrated. The time dependent K d(t) values were calculated from the absorption data. These results indicate that removal process achieved equilibrium in about 120 min and that it involves two steps: rapid and slow absorption; the active process (metabolic bioaccumulation on the living fern) was responsible for above one half of the total removal process. A thin layer radiochromatography study leads to the conclusion that the biochemical components in which 137Cs+ and 60Co2+ place themselves are of a polysaccharide and lipoid fractions.
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White, Leslie. "“Uproar in the Echo”: Browning's Vitalist Beginnings." Browning Institute Studies 15 (1987): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0092472500001851.
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In letters to Mrs. Ernest Benzon and Mrs. Thomas FitzGerald, Browning claims affinity with the great philosopher of the Will, Schopenhauer, and asserts that elements of vitalism are the “substratum” of his life and work. These letters confirm the poet's place in the line of vitalist thought shaped by Schopenhauer, the English Romantics, and Carlyle and further developed by Nietzsche, George Bernard Shaw, Henri Bergson, and D. H. Lawrence. Vitalism resists precise definition; each theorist advances a singular terminology and application. Schopenhauer's vitalism may be understood from his concept of cosmic Will; Carlyle's from the essential presence of energy, movement, and change in the world. Bergson used the term élan vital and Lawrence such characteristically vague phrases as “sense of truth” and “supreme impulse” to express faith in forces operating beneath or hovering above the surface of life. Broadly put, when a rational orientation to the world ceased to be adequate, when rationalism devolved into a falsification of reality's authentic energy, major vitalists came into existence and posited as the true reality a primitive, universal force of which everything in that reality is an objectification. Unlike other vitalists in the English tradition, such as Blake and Lawrence, Browning was not comfortable with cosmic images. His vitalism breaks from the main line to focus on the individual human will, which he saw as an intuitive impulse and as a means to realize the self and locate its place in the world. For Browning, the comprehension of life's vital movement lay in the dynamic energy of willed action.
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Vitz, Paul C., and Philip Mango. "Kleinian Psychodynamics and Religious Aspects of Hatred as a Defense Mechanism." Journal of Psychology and Theology 25, no. 1 (March 1997): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719702500106.
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Hatred is placed in the theoretical framework of object relations, e.g., splitting, as developed by Melanie Klein and Otto Kernberg; it is also interpreted in a general religious context as a major barrier to forgiveness and to psychological health. Within the therapy process of the adult client, an important aspect of hatred is that it is a willed choice, i.e., the self acting as agent (Meissner, 1993). Hatred's extreme resistance to change is explained as due to its function as a defense against narcissistic injury. Defenses supported by hatred are described, for example, hatred defends one against the source memory and thus against a depressing, humiliating or inadequate past; hatred protects one from the risks of intimate relationships; it creates the benefits of the sick role and of self-pity; it defends one's unrealistic ego-ideals and moral pride; and it permits the pleasures of moral superiority.
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Stimart, Dennis P., and John C. Mather. "Regenerating Adventitious Shoots from in Vitro Culture of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Cotyledons." HortScience 31, no. 1 (February 1996): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.1.154.
Full textAbstract:
Cotyledons from developing 6- to 8-week-old embryos of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (blazing star) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 0.4, 4.4, or 44.4 μm BA or 0, 0.2, 2.2, or 22.2 μm TDZ to induce adventitious shoot formation. The highest percentage of cotyledons forming the most shoots was on medium containing 2.2 μm TDZ. Cotyledon-derived callus cultured on medium containing 4.4 μm BA formed ≈16 times more adventitious shoots than on 2.2 μm TDZ. Adventitious shoots derived from cotyledons or callus produced roots when placed on MS medium containing 5.0 μm IBA. Regenerated plants that flowered in the field appeared homogeneous. Chemical names used: N6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
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Fisher, Jennifer. "Tulle as Tool: Embracing the Conflict of the Ballerina as Powerhouse." Dance Research Journal 39, no. 1 (2007): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700000048.
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The image and interpretation of the ballerina has shifted over time since she first took her place in the pantheon of romantic female performers in the early nineteenth century. For many, she is still romanticized, respected, and revered; in other circles, she has become suspect as a creature who may be obsessed, exploited, and retrogressive in light of the egalitarian strides women have made or are still trying to make. The female ballet dancer's basic contradiction—her ethereal exterior and her iron-willed interior—has not been sufficiently accounted for in either scheme, nor has it been woven into the kind of complex, contextualized analysis that includes practitioners who embody the form, audience members of various kinds, and the multiple, shifting locales and attitudes that surround them. As an elite art form, ballet has until recently relied on the more univocal discourse of bouquets and brickbats from critics and other specialists. In 1993, when dance anthropologist Cynthia Jean Cohen Bull called for a consideration of ballet's relationship of dance to life in ways that other cultural forms are investigated, few took up the call.
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Li, Zhineng, Guofeng Liu, Jiaqi Zhang, Junwei Zhang, and Manzhu Bao. "Extraction of high-quality tissue-specific RNA from London plane trees (Platanus acerifolia), permitting the construction of a female inflorescence cDNA library." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 2 (2008): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07212.
Full textAbstract:
The London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia Willd.) has global importance as an urban landscaping tree and is the subject of genetic-improvement programs for productive sterility, disease and/or insect resistance. Molecular analysis techniques are crucial to such programs, but may be impeded by specific difficulties encountered during nucleic acid isolation. A detailed RNA isolation and purification protocol, based on established cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction techniques combined with additional purification steps using butanol and the ionic detergent CTAB, which overcomes these problems in the woody species P. acerifolia, was conducted. In short, phenolic compounds are bound to soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone and then separated out through LiCl precipitation of the RNA. Subsequently, protein- and carbohydrate-contaminants are removed by chloroform partitioning followed by LiCl-mediated precipitation. The resulting isolates of RNA were found to be of sufficient quality for successful use in reverse transcription PCR analysis. Furthermore, RNA isolates from female inflorescences were used for the construction of a cDNA library. This library was found to contain several full-length cDNA clones of MADS-box genes, consistent with the library being representative of inflorescence expression profiles.
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Haque, MM, MA Ahsan, MA Akbor, MM Rashid, and N. Sultana. "Phytochemical screening of some Bangladeshi medicinal plants." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 48, no. 3 (December 14, 2013): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17330.
Full textAbstract:
Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, starch, tannins, terpenoids and Vitamin-C distributions in four medicinal plants from different places of Bangladesh were assessed. Fifteen samples of four medicinal plants were investigated namely Adhatodha vasica Nees, Andrographis peniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal and Asparagus racemosus Willd. These plants are locally known as Basak, Kalomegh, Ashagandha and Sotomuli. Leave samples contain alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and Vitamin-C except starch. In root samples alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and Vitamin-C were present except tannins. Terpenoids were present in sotomuli root, but absent in ashagandha root. Starch was absent in sotomuli root but present in ashagandha root. All of the plants were collected from different districts of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17330 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 193-196, 2013
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Mo, Yuping, Yan Lai, Yeyun Zhao, and Guoquan Wang. "One new genus and three new species of Diptilomiopinae from Vietnam (Acari: Eriophyoidea)." Systematic and Applied Acarology 22, no. 7 (June 30, 2017): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.7.8.
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In this paper, we described one new genus Babus gen. nov. from the subfamily of Diptilomiopinae by characters as below: scapular setae (sc) placed ahead of the rear shield margin, anterolateral setae on coxisternum І (1b) absent, tarsal empodium divided, legs with six segment, basiventral femoral setae (bv) and antaxial genual setae (l'') on leg II absent. Two new species, Babus chukrasium sp. nov. collected from Chukrasia tatularis A. Juss. and Babus anisatae sp. nov. from Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth. were herein described. In addition, another new species Trimeroptes chaetophori sp. nov. collected from Rubus chaetophorus Card. was also described and illustrated from the same subfamily. All of new species described here are vagrants on the under surfaces of leaves, and no damage was observed.
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Casanova, Michelle T., and Kenneth G. Karol. "A revision of Chara sect. Protochara, comb. et stat. nov. (Characeae: Charophyceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 1 (2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13016.
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A revision of a group of ecorticate species of Chara is presented, on the basis of fresh, pressed and spirit-preserved material. The following seven species are recognised, characterised by a very simple morphology, with few or inconspicuous accessory cells (cortication, stipulodes, bract cells, bracteoles) and large gametangia: Chara australis R.Br., C. lucida (A.Braun) Casanova & Karol comb et. stat. nov., C. porteri Casanova, sp. nov., C. protocharoides Casanova & Karol, nom. nov. (=Protochara australis Womersley & Ophel) and C. stuartiana (Kütz.) Casanova & Karol comb. et. stat. nov. from Australia, and C. corallina Klein ex Willd. and C. wallichii A.Braun from Asia. A new section, Chara subg. Charopsis sect. Protochara (Womersley & Ophel) Casanova & Karol, comb. et stat. nov., is erected to accommodate these taxa, formerly placed in sect. Charopsis.
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Sutomo, Sutomo. "Diversity of weeds on bamboo seedling’s media in Bali Botanical Garden." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2019.v23.i01.p03.
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In general, weeds are obnoxious plants that live in an unwanted place and have negative impact towards human, other plants and the environment. The research aimed to know the weeds species composition that composed in the growing media of Guadua chacoensis bamboo. The research was conducted in an open space of the Bali Botanical Garden nursery at an altitude of 1200 m a.s.l. The research was conducted for 3 months from July to October 2004. Results showed that as many as 28 species of weeds were found which included in 15 families. Weeds species compositions in each of the type of growing media are significantly different. In the soil media weeds comprises of Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae), in the humus media the weeds are Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) and Gynura aurantiaca (Bl.) DC. (Asteraceae), in the cow’s feces media, the weeds is Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and laslty in the KOMPENIT fertilizer media the weeds comprises of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.(Poaceae), Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex R. & S. (Caryophyllaceae ) and Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae).
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Lodge, G. M., and R. D. B. Whalley. "Fate of annual pasture legumes seeds on a two-way thermo-gradient plate." Rangeland Journal 24, no. 2 (2002): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj02013.
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Effects of diurnally alternating temperatures (5/5–45/45�C) were examined on a two-way thermogradient plate for non-dormant seeds of 14 annual pasture legumes. Seed fates (germination, temperature induced non-viability and temperature induced dormancy) were determined from daily seed counts over a 14-day period on-plate and a further 14 days after removal from the plate. These data clearly demonstrate the existence and extent of seed fates other than germination. Maximum dormancy occurred over a broad range of temperatures for seeds of Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum (Katzn. et Morley) Zohary and Heller cv. Woogenellup (40/35–30/25�C), Astragalus hamosus L. cv. Ioman (40/25–30/5�C) and Trifolium hirtum All. cv. Hykon (35/30–30/5�C). In contrast, maximum dormancy occurred over a narrow temperature range for Medicago truncatula Gaertn. var. truncatula cv. Paraggio (35/30–30/25�C), M. aculeata Willd. var. inermis (Aschers.) Heyn (30/25 and 30/20�C), and M. minima L. (35/20–35/5�C) seeds. Generally, non-viability was highest in all legumes when temperatures were greater than 35/30�C and not significantly different from the maximum value (100%) at temperatures greater than 40/30�C. At temperatures less than 35/30�C non-viability was less than the maximum (P<0.05) for seeds of all legumes, except M. truncatula cvs. Jemalong and Sephi, M. aculeata, and Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa (Ten.) Cav. cv. Namoi. Compared with the other subterranean clover cultivars germination levels T. subterraneum var. brachycalycinum (Katzn. et Morley) Zohary and Heller cv. Clare seeds were not significantly different from the maximum value at higher temperatures. In all annual medics, except M. aculeata germination was not significantly different to the maximum at temperatures greater than 25/20�C, with high germination (P<0.05) occurring at 30/25�C in Jemalong and M. scutellata (L.) Mill cv. Sava and at 30/20�C in Paraggio, Sephi, M. minima and M. polymorpha L. Maximum germination in Ioman and Hykon seeds occurred over a broader temperature range (35/20–15/10�C and 30/20–15/5�C, respectively) than in Namoi (30/15�C and 25/20–25/5�C). Probable implications of these data for field emergence of non-dormant seeds and soil seed reserves are discussed.
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Alden, Michael, and James E. Faust. "Unravelling the Role of Temperature and Photoperiod on Poinsettia Heat Delay." HortScience 56, no. 9 (September 2021): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15874-21.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of day temperature (DT), night temperature (NT), and night length (NL) were evaluated on the flowering responses of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) cultivars Orion Red and Prestige Red, respectively. Plants were placed under 60 DT × NT × NL treatments that consisted of three DT (20, 24, 28 °C), four NT (16, 20, 24, 28 °C), and five NL (10, 11, 12, 13, 14 hours) for the first 17 days of the experiment. After 17 days, all plants were consolidated to one greenhouse with an inductive environment (14-hour NL, 24 ± 2.0 °C DT and 21.2 ± 1.4 °C NT), and the timing of first color, visible bud, and anthesis were recorded. ‘Orion Red’ reached anthesis 8 to 10 days faster than ‘Prestige Red’ across all NLs; however, in both cultivars, days to anthesis decreased in a sigmoidal pattern as NL increased. The relative rate of progress to anthesis (1/days to anthesis) under a 12-hour NL was approximately half that of plants grown at a 13- or 14-hour NL. At a 12-hour NL, the relative rate of progress to anthesis decreased linearly as DT increased for both cultivars. At 13- to 14-hour NL, DT had relatively little effect on the relative rate of progress to anthesis. Thus, high DT delayed flowering of both heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars when flower initiation occurred under NL, typical of naturally occurring NLs in September and early October (i.e., 12-hour NL), whereas high DT did not delay flowering for either cultivar under a 14-hour NL, which is typically provided under black cloth systems. In contrast, the flowering responses to NT were quite different for the two cultivars. The heat-tolerant cultivar showed relatively little change in the relative rate of progress to anthesis as NT increased from 16 to 28 °C within each NL treatment; however, the heat-sensitive cultivar displayed a large decrease in the relative rate progress to anthesis as NT increased from 20 to 28 °C within each NL treatment. Although the delayed flowering that occurred at 28 °C and 14-hour NL was significant, the relative rate of progress to anthesis at this treatment was significantly higher than the 28 °C and 12-hour NL treatment. This suggests that artificially shortening NL to 14 hours with a black cloth system does not prevent heat delay of poinsettia, but it allows for more rapid flowering than if flower initiation took place under natural NL (≈12 hours). To summarize, high DT affected flowering when flower initiation took place at 12-hour NL for heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive poinsettia cultivars, whereas high NT uniquely delayed flowering of the heat-sensitive cultivar at NL from 12 to 14 hours.
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Colque-Little, Carla, Daniel Buchvaldt Amby, and Christian Andreasen. "A Review of Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) Diseases—An Updated Perspective." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061228.
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The journey of the Andean crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to unfamiliar environments and the combination of higher temperatures, sudden changes in weather, intense precipitation, and reduced water in the soil has increased the risk of observing new and emerging diseases associated with this crop. Several diseases of quinoa have been reported in the last decade. These include Ascochyta caulina, Cercospora cf. chenopodii, Colletotrichum nigrum, C. truncatum, and Pseudomonas syringae. The taxonomy of other diseases remains unclear or is characterized primarily at the genus level. Symptoms, microscopy, and pathogenicity, supported by molecular tools, constitute accurate plant disease diagnostics in the 21st century. Scientists and farmers will benefit from an update on the phytopathological research regarding a crop that has been neglected for many years. This review aims to compile the existing information and make accurate associations between specific symptoms and causal agents of disease. In addition, we place an emphasis on downy mildew and its phenotyping, as it continues to be the most economically important and studied disease affecting quinoa worldwide. The information herein will allow for the appropriate execution of breeding programs and control measures.
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Gordon, Iain J., F. Javier Pérez-Barbería, and Adrian D. Manning. "Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063347.
Full textAbstract:
The vision of rewilding is to return ecosystems to a “natural” or “self-willed” state with trophic complexity, dispersal (and connectivity) and stochastic disturbance in place. The concept is gaining traction, particularly in Europe where significant land abandonment has taken place in recent years. However, in reality, the purest form of rewilding (Rewilding Max) is constrained by a number of context-specific factors whereby it may not be possible to restore the native species that form part of the trophic structure of the ecosystem if they are extinct (for example, mammoths, Mammuthus spp., aurochs, Bos taurus primigenius). In addition, populations/communities of native herbivores/predators may not be able to survive or be acceptable to the public in small scale rewilding projects close to areas of high human density or agricultural land. Therefore, the restoration of natural trophic complexity and disturbance regimes within rewilding projects requires careful consideration if the broader conservation needs of society are to be met. Here we highlight the importance of herbivory as a key factor in rewilding. We argue that the use of the suite of livestock species, and in particular traditional breeds, offers the opportunity, under both land sharing/sparing strategies, to reinstate a more “natural” form of herbivory but still retain the option for management interventions (Rewilding Lite). It will even be possible to gain economic returns (ecotourism, sale of livestock products) from these systems, which will make them more acceptable to state and private landowners. We develop our case based on the advantages of using landraces versus de-domestication strategies, and on the implementation of eco-shepherding herbivory as a restoration tool in fine mosaics of agriculture/natural patches. If this approach is adopted, then larger areas can be given over to conservation, because of the potential broader benefits to society from these spaces and the engagement of farmers in practices that are closer to their traditions.
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Kapusta, Paweł, Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska, Barbara Godzik, and Barbara Łopata. "Recent Nitrogen Deposition In Poland Monitored With The Moss Pleurozium Schreberi." Polish Botanical Journal 59, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2014-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen was determined for Poland by moss biomonitoring. Nitrogen content was measured in the moss Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. sampled in 2010 from 320 sites evenly distributed throughout the country. Mosses (green parts) contained an average 1.56% nitrogen. The result places Poland among the European countries most polluted by airborne nitrogen. The highest nitrogen concentrations were found in mosses from the central and southern parts of the country, and the lowest in samples from some eastern and northern regions. Multiple regression showed that this variability was due mostly to nitrogen emissions from agricultural and industrial areas (moss nitrogen was positively associated with the consumption of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and the magnitude of particulate pollution). Some details of the spatial variability of the nitrogen data indicate that local and regional point sources of pollution (e.g., chemical plants) played an important role in shaping the nitrogen deposition pattern
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Liu, Tong-Xian, Ronald D. Oetting, and G. David Buntin. "Temperature and Diel Catches of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults on Sticky Traps in the Greenhouse." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.2.222.
Full textAbstract:
Patterns of diel flight activity of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), were investigated on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd., and gerbera daisy, Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus, under greenhouse and environmentally controlled conditions. Adult flight activity was monitored at 2-h intervals (from 0700 to 2100 h EST) at various heights using yellow sticky traps. Traps placed 5 cm above the top of the plant canopy caught more adults of both species than traps placed higher. The daily patterns of catches of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci adults in the greenhouse were similar and were unimodal with peak catches occurring between 0900–1300 h. Numbers of adults caught on the sticky traps in the greenhouse were correlated with temperature and relative humidity for T. vaporariorum, but not for B. tabaci. Few adults were caught during the dark hours (from 2100 to 0700 h). Under constant temperatures of 20°, 25°, and 30°C, the flight activity patterns of both whitefly species were unimodal, with peak catches of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci occurring in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Differences in temperature did not significantly alter the pattern of catches of adults on sticky traps. The lowest temperature for initiation of whitefly flight was 16–17°C for T. vaporariorum, and 17–18°C for B. tabaci.
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Kunhamu, T. K., B. M. Kumar, and S. Viswanath. "Does thinning affect litterfall, litter decomposition, and associated nutrient release in Acacia mangium stands of Kerala in peninsular India?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (April 2009): 792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-008.
Full textAbstract:
Litter plays a vital role in the nutrient cycling of plantations and agroforests. Silvicultural interventions can alter litter production and decay rates, thereby varying nutrient fluxes. We evaluated the effect of various thinning densities on litter dynamics of 9-year-old Acacia mangium Willd. stands. To quantify litterfall, we placed traps at four random grid points in 24 plots in which none, one-third, one-half, or two-thirds of stems had been removed. In each plot, 48 litterbags were also placed to evaluate litter decay. Annual litterfall ranged from 5.73 (two-thirds thinning) to 11.18 Mg·ha−1 (unthinned) and showed a significant linear relationship to basal area (p < 0.0001). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were highest during the wet season, when litterfall production was low, implying an inverse relationship between litterfall quality and quantity. The highest annual N, P, and K additions (82.9, 3.3, and 71.9 kg·ha−1, respectively) occurred in the unthinned stands. High thinning intensities resulted in accelerated decay rates, which we attribute to changes in microenvironment. Soil N concentrations were highest in the one-half thinning treatment, followed by the two-thirds treatment, signifying a trade-off between litterfall production and decay. The highest soil organic C concentrations were in the unthinned stands, reflecting the potential of high stand densities for promoting C sequestration.