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1

Greiner, Donald J., and Judith Ruderman. "William Styron." American Literature 60, no. 3 (October 1988): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2926981.

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Desmond, John F., and Judith Rudeman. "William Styron." World Literature Today 62, no. 2 (1988): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143653.

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3

Lang, John, and James L. W. West III. "Conversations with William Styron." South Central Review 3, no. 2 (1986): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189376.

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4

West, James L. W. "William Styron: Public Author." Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 51, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00111610903446161.

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5

Gray, Richard, and James L. W. West III. "William Styron, a Life." Journal of American History 86, no. 1 (June 1999): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567536.

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Fuentes, Carlos, and Margaret Peden. "William Styron in Mexico." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2020.1748464.

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7

Mills, Eva B. "CONVERSATIONS WITH WILLIAM STYRON." Resources for American Literary Study 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/resoamerlitestud.16.1.0261.

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8

Hobson, Fred. "The Nonfiction of William Styron." Sewanee Review 124, no. 2 (2016): xxi—xxii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2016.0039.

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9

Nocera, Gigliola. "L’«oscurità trasparente» di William Styron." Il segno e le lettere - Saggi 9788879167802 (June 2016): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7359/780-2016-noce.

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10

Sellery, J'An Morse. "“Chronicler of the Human Spirit” William Styron." Psychological Perspectives 24, no. 1 (January 1991): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332929108408894.

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11

Butterworth, Keen. "William Styron, A Life. James L.W. West III." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 93, no. 2 (June 1999): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.93.2.24304105.

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12

Curnutt, Kirk, and Gavin Cologne-Brookes. "The Novels of William Styron: From Harmony to History." American Literature 67, no. 4 (December 1995): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927925.

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13

West, James L. W. "An Accidental Boswell: Writing the Life of William Styron." Sewanee Review 119, no. 3 (2011): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2011.0079.

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14

Bernard, Alix. "Tentatives de réparation narcissique suite à la perte d’un parent à l’adolescence." Perspectives Psy 60, no. 2 (April 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ppsy/2021602124.

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À partir de l’œuvre de l’écrivain, William Styron, nous évoquons le traumatisme représenté par la perte d’un parent à l’adolescence et les différentes stratégies adoptées pour y faire face. Dans le récit autobiographique « Face aux ténèbres. Chronique d’une folie », écrit à l’âge de 65 ans, Styron rend compte de la dépression mélancolique qu’il vient de traverser. Cette chronique se termine par l’évocation de la mort de sa mère quand il avait treize ans, souvenir soudainement retrouvé après avoir écouté une mélodie de Brahms, qu’elle avait autrefois chanté. Styron introduit alors l’hypothèse d’un deuil gelé à la suite de cette perte, puis il évoque le désir de guérir qui accompagne cette reviviscence. Dans trois nouvelles publiées par la suite, « Un matin de Virginie – Trois histoires de jeunesse », Styron poursuit ce travail de mémoire et suit le fil associatif de ses souvenirs, reflétant ses expériences à l’âge de vingt, dix et treize ans. L’auteur donne des clés pour comprendre ce qui avait pu être source de souffrance, les défenses pour y échapper, les solutions successivement trouvées pour affronter – ou non – ce traumatisme : l’engagement dans l’armée, l’écriture, le recours à l’alcool. Ces nouvelles témoignent de la reprise tardive du travail de deuil suspendu à l’adolescence.
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15

West, James L. W. "William Styron, Hiram Haydn, and the Ending of The Long March." Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 60, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2018.1532392.

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16

Metress, Christopher. "Review of: The Novels of William Styron: From Harmony to History." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 42, no. 1 (1996): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.1995.0018.

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17

Giordana, B. "L’écriture de la créativité au cœur du trouble psychiatrique, William Styron." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.091.

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Célèbre écrivain américain à succès, William Styron connut en 1985 une sévère dépression qui le conduisit aux portes du suicide. Dans Face aux ténèbres (1990) [2], il fit le récit de sa plongée dans cette « indicible douleur », ainsi que des étapes de sa guérison. Nous proposons, depuis une perspective phénoménologique, une relecture de ce texte poignant afin d’y saisir, au-delà des repérages symptomatiques, une forme singulière d’être-au monde. Pour Tellenbach, la personnalité pré-dépressive relève d’une configuration anthropologique bien particulière, le Typus Melancholicus, marquée par son attachement exacerbé à l’ordre, son souci aigu du devoir accompli et des responsabilités, sa relation symbiotique à autrui [3]. Kraus réinterprète cette disposition de l’être comme structure de sur-identification aux rôles sociaux, reposant elle-même sur une identité égoique insuffisamment constituée. De cette constitution sur-identifiante procède, d’une part, un style de comportement qualifié par Kraus d’hypernomique, soit dans un rapport non distancié par rapport aux normes sociales, l’identité égoique déficiente ne permettant pas la flexibilité habituellement requise dans la réalisation des rôles sociaux [1]. D’autre part, les situations de déclenchement des épisodes dépressifs peuvent désormais être comprises comme situations de pertes de rôles ou comme débordement de l’individu par des attentes normatives sursollicitantes et conflictuelles. Il s’agit donc d’une dialectisation de la notion de déviance, la non-adaptation à la norme s’opposant à une adaptation excessive sans distance ni autonomie. Dans ce contexte, une thérapie centrée sur la problématique identitaire vise à soulager le patient de ses auto-exigences élevées par l’adoption d’identités de transition, et à valoriser le développement de performances égoiques.
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18

Service, Tom. "London, Royal Opera House: ‘Sophie's Choice’." Tempo 57, no. 224 (April 2003): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298203210159.

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Few contemporary operas achieve the newsworthiness of Nicholas Maw's Sophie's Choice. Even before its 7 December première at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, the piece dented public consciousness thanks to a barrage of press coverage surrounding the production, the cast, and the subject matter. The irony is that it was the other names associated with the opera – conductor Simon Rattle, director Trevor Nunn, and William Styron, author of the 1979 novel – that made Sophie's Choice a news story, rather than the fame of its composer. Yet Maw's was the ultimate responsibility for the creation of this ambitious, large-scale work.
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19

Cologne-Brookes, Gavin. "Dead Man Walking: Nat Turner, William Styron, Bruce Springsteen, and the Death Penalty." Mississippi Quarterly 69, no. 1 (2016): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mss.2016.0023.

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20

Lackey, Michael. "The Autonomy of Art and the Legitimization of Biofiction: An Aesthetic Turning Point in Twentieth-Century Literature." Modern Language Quarterly 82, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-9090306.

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Abstract Biofiction is literature that names its protagonist after a historical figure, and since the 1990s it has become one of the most dominant literary forms. This is surprising because many prominent scholars, critics, and writers have criticized and even condemned it. This essay hypothesizes that postmodern theories of truth and concomitant transformations in reader sensibilities partly account for the legitimization and now dominance of biofiction. The essay analyzes a 1968 literary debate among Ralph Ellison, William Styron, and Robert Penn Warren, which on the surface concerned the uses of history in literature. But because it happened just one year after the publication of Styron’s controversial novel about Nat Turner, the debate ended up focusing primarily on the nature and value of biofiction. By analyzing the discussion in relation to contemporary formulations about and theorizations of biofiction, this essay illustrates why the forum represents a turning point in literary history, resulting in the decline of a traditional type of literary symbol and the rise of a more anchored and empirical symbol—that is, the type of symbol found in biofiction.
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21

Stone, Albert E. "The Return of Nat Turner in Sixties America." Prospects 12 (October 1987): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005597.

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One of the less publicized public events of that annus mirabilis 1968 was the annual meeting in November of a venerable academic institution, the Southern Historical Association. Convened in New Orleans was a group of intellectuals knit together by, among other professional ties, a common preoccupation with the Southern past. Prominent among these was C. Vann Woodward of Yale, arguably America's most eminent historian of the South. Also present were three famous novelists: Robert Penn Warren, Ralph Ellison, and William Styron. All native-born Southerners (if Oklahoma City, Ellison's birthplace, qualifies as a Southern city), they were there as participants in a panel, chaired by Woodward, on “The Uses of History in Fiction.” The session took place on November 6, the day after the election of Richard Nixon and seven months and two days after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. It was probably the liveliest, best-attended event of an otherwise staid meeting of professors. Much of the interest was generated by the topic and the distinguished panelists, but additional electricity was contributed by a cluster of young blacks in the audience. As passionately interested in the subject as were those on the platform, they were in attendance chiefly to question and challenge Styron. It was his use of history in fiction upon which much of the evening's discussion devolved.
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22

Thomières, Daniel. "Déplacements dansSophie's Choicede William Styron : Du texte de la valeur à la valeur du texte." Canadian Review of American Studies 41, no. 3 (December 2011): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.41.3.325.

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23

Christmas, Danielle. "The Plantation-Auschwitz Tradition: Forced Labor and Free Markets in the Novels of William Styron." Twentieth-Century Literature 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-2885167.

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24

Magnusson, Roger S. "The Devil's Choice: Re-Thinking Law, Ethics, and Symptom Relief in Palliative Care." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 3 (2006): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00070.x.

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In 1982, cinemas around the world screened Sophie's Choice, a film starring Meryl Streep and Kevin Kline, adapted from the book by William Styron. The film opens with Stingo, a young journalist from the South, who arrives in New York in 1947 and rents a room in Brooklyn. Stingo is drawn into a relationship with Sophie and Nathan, the couple who live upstairs. Sophie is a Polish concentration camp survivor; Nathan is the man who saved her when she arrived in America. Nathan is charismatic, schizophrenic, and violent.In one of the film's flashbacks, a German soldier imposes a terrible choice on Sophie, a young mother who arrives at Auschwitz with other prisoners from Krakow. Sophie is ordered to choose which of her two children will be sent to the ovens, and which will live.
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25

Bérubé, Renald. "Face aux ténèbres sous le signe de Job, ou les confessions de William Styron. William Styron, Face aux ténèbres. Chronique d'une folie , traduction de Maurice Rambaud, Paris, Gallimard, coll. " Du monde entier ", 1990, 126 p." Urgences, no. 31 (1991): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/025642ar.

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26

Watkins, Floyd C. "Conversations with William Styron, and: The Root of All Evil: The Thematic Unity of William Styron's Fiction (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 32, no. 4 (1986): 623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0025.

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27

Giustra, Lawrence J. "Darkness visible: A memoir of madness. William Styron. Random House, New York, 1990. 84 pp. $15.95." Depression 1, no. 1 (1993): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/depr.3050010112.

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28

Sobieraj, Jerzy. "Samuel Coale, William Styron Revisited (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991, $19.95). Pp. 150. ISBN 0 8057 7619 2." Journal of American Studies 27, no. 3 (December 1993): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800032242.

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29

Fabricant, Daniel S. "Thomas R. Gray and William Styron: Finally, A Critical Look at the 1831 Confessions of Nat Turner." American Journal of Legal History 37, no. 3 (July 1993): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845661.

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30

Thomières, Daniel. "Déplacements dans Sophie's Choice de William Styron : Du texte de la valeur à la valeur du texte." Canadian Review of American Studies 41, no. 3 (2011): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crv.2011.0023.

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31

COLOGNE-BROOKES, GAVIN. "David Hadaller, Gynicide: Women in the Novels of William Styron (London: Associated University Presses, 1996, £25). Pp. 218. ISBN 0 8386 3633 0." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 1 (April 1998): 125–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898215829.

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32

Bolsterli, Margaret Jones. "Katherine Anne Porter: Conversations, and: Truman Capote: Conversations, and: With All My Might, and: William Styron, and: The Southern Vision of Andrew Lytle (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 34, no. 4 (1988): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0205.

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33

Carroll, Eugene. "Conversations with Kurt Vonnegut, and: The Novels of William Styron, and: Following Percy: Essays on Walker Percy's Work, and: Domestic Particulars: The Novels of Frederick Busch (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 35, no. 4 (1989): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.1414.

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34

Flannery, Maura. "Naming a genus for William Darlington: a case study in botanical eponymy." Archives of Natural History 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0555.

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In 1853, the American botanist John Torrey described a new genus of pitcher plant, naming it Darlingtonia (Sarraceniaceae). The plant had been collected near Mount Shasta in California in 1841 by William Brackenridge, a member of the Wilkes Expedition. The name honoured William Darlington (1782–1863), a Pennsylvania physician and botanist who had traded information and specimens with Torrey for many years. Darlington considered a genus eponym as a distinct honour. The genus name Darlingtonia, however, had been used twice before, but the plants were shown to belong to Desmanthus (Leguminosae) and Styrax (Styracaceae). A letter in the William Darlington Herbarium at West Chester University, Pennsylvania, reveals Torrey's efforts to ease Darlington's fears that the same fate would befall the name of the Californian pitcher plant.
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35

Spoljaric, Steven, and Robert A. Shanks. "Poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene)-Dye-Coupled Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.169.

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Dye-coupled polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were prepared and the coloured POSS particles were ultrasonically solution dispersed in poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS). POSS molecules contained either isobutyl or phenyl groups to provide selective compatibility with either the soft (butadiene) or hard (styrene) phase within the block copolymer. The composition and thermal stability were characterised using thermogravimetry. Colour coordinates were measured. Tensile mechanical properties, creep and recovery were determined. Creep was modeled using the 4-element model of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt, while recovery correlated with the stretched-exponential function of Kohlrausch, Williams and Watts.
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36

Stastna, Jiri, Ludo Zanzotto, and Otaca Vacin. "Damping of Shear Vibrations in Asphalt Modified with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1728, no. 1 (January 2000): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1728-03.

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Shear vibrations in conventional and polymer-modified asphalt binders are examined. Using dynamic compliances instead of moduli, viscous deformation effects can be separated from total deformation and the modified dynamic loss compliance and modified loss tangent functions can be defined. These two material functions appear to be more sensitive than viscoelastic moduli to the rheological behavior of asphalt binders and to changes caused by polymer addition. The characteristic temperature of the transition from the viscoelastic to viscous behavior of asphalt binder ( Tv) can be identified by using the viscous asymptote J”. The damping of shear vibrations that likely relates to the internal structure of asphalt material can be described by the modified loss tangent. The rheological behavior of the base asphalt 200/300 penetration grade and its blends with different amounts of radial styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber is investigated. Using master curves of dynamic functions and the Williams-Landel-Ferry form of the shift factor, isochrones of the original and modified dynamic material functions are constructed. Characteristic temperatures of the viscous transition ( Tv) and the glass transition ( Tg) are determined. Damping behaviors of the base and modified asphalts are studied.
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37

Andersen, Dorte Jagetic. "Gensyn med Ballybogoin – linjer, spor og tidevandsmarkeringerne i det nordirske grænseland." Politica 52, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 420–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v52i4.130838.

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Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i bogen, The Troubles in Ballybogoin fra 2003, hvor William F. Kelleher undersøger, hvordan det nordirske grænselands beboeres hverdagspraksisser – fra hvem de interagerer med til deres fysiske bevægelser i landskabet – er styret af en ”social hukommelse” omkring adskillelse og politisk identitet, der har rødder i den nordirske konflikt og den britiske imperiale fortid. Ved hjælp af Michel de Certeaus begreb om rumlige, kulturelle praksisser viser Kelleher, at hverdagspraksisser stabiliseres af, at udformningen af byrummene i grænselandet er forankret i en allestedsnærværende fysisk adskillelse af befolkningsgrupper, som hele tiden bliver italesat af befolkningen. I yderligere dialog med Sarah Greens begreb om linjer som ”spor” og ”tidevandsmarkeringer” og igennem sine feltstudier i grænselandet, særligt i og omkring den nordirske by Derry, genbesøger forfatteren disse hverdagspraksisser for at illustrere, hvordan grænselandet gennemsyres af linjer, der deler ”de to sider af huset”.
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38

Osman, Ekhlas A., and Saad A. Mutasher. "Viscoelastic properties of kenaf reinforced unsaturated polyester composites." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 03, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684114500043.

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In order to quantify the effect of temperature on the mechanical and dynamic properties of kenaf fiber unsaturated polyester composites, formulations containing 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% kenaf fiber were produced and tested at two representative temperatures of 30°C and 50°C. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed, to obtain the strain and creep compliance for kenaf composites at various styrene concentrations. It is possible to obtain creep curves at different temperature levels which can be shifted along the time axis to generate a single curve known as a master curve. This technique is known as the time–temperature superposition principle. Shift factors conformed to a William–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. However, more long term creep data was needed in order to further validate the applicability of time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) to this material. The primary creep strain model was fitted to 60 min creep data. The resulting equation was then extrapolated to 5.5 days; the creep strain model of power-law was successfully used to predict the long-term creep behavior of natural fiber/thermoset composites.
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39

Moberg, Bergur Rønne. "A Rest in the West. Translation of Modernity and Modernism in William Heinesen's „Grylen“ / Týðing av moderniteti og modernismu í „Grylen” eftir William Heinesen." Fróðskaparrit - Faroese Scientific Journal 59 (January 11, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18602/fsj.v59i0.45.

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<p><strong>Úrtak</strong></p><p>Greinin viðger ‘týðingar’spurdómar í stuttsøguni „Grylen“ (1957) eftir William Heinesen. Søgan tekur støði í einum elligomlum føstulávintssiði í Føroyum – at ganga grýla – sum doyði út beint fyri seinna heimsbardaga. Í søguni hjá Williami verður grýlan til ein dionýsiskan figur kallaður Grylen, sum er ólýsandi og ímyndar orðloysi. Greinin vísir, hvussu metatilvitaða frásøgufólkið letur seg hugkveikja av hesum fyribrigdi við áhaldandi at umringja tað við nýggjum myndum. Týdda grýlan verður greinað sum 1) eitt ontologiskt tulkingartilvitað frásøgufólk og sum 2) eitt eyðkenni við bókmentamentan í útjaðaranum. Stuttsøgan fær skap sum ein navngevingargongd av einari undantaksveru, og tað er við støði í hesum botnloysi, at frásøgufólkið tulkar og týðir grýluna til eitt listaligt úttrykk. Grylen umboðar eina rest, sum dregur seg undan modernaðum mannagongdum. Við støði í hugsanum hjá Franco Moretti og Andreas Huyssen verður týðingin samstundis knýtt at landafrøðiliga útjaðaranum, sum skapar ein serligan tørv á týðing í royndini at minka um munin millum ‘miðdepil’ og ‘útjaðara’. Í hesum samteksti umboðar Grylen og oyggin Stapa eitt mentanarligt eftirsleip, sum verður gjørt til eina styrki. Hetta ’writing back’ brúkar føroyskan miðaldarsið og fornaldarligt evni sum Dionysos til at seta spurning við hegemoniska(n) modernitet og modernismu og við hvat er miðdepil og hvat er útjaðari.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong></p><p>This analysis addresses the issue of translation in William Heinesen’s short story „Grylen“ (1957). It is a story of an old Dionysiac Faroese ritual, which died out around The Second World War. The narrator sets himself the task of transplanting this Dionysos into modern fiction. Due to the muteness of the Gryla the literary connection to the myth can only be established by virtue of interpretation as demonstrated as an explicit mediation of the mythical silence. The muteness appear as a matter of interpretation while being encircled in conflicting images. Focus is partly given on the interpreted Gryla as a complex question of ontological interpretation and partly as an expression of cultural translation linked to aesthetic development in the geographical periphery. Due to the muteness of the Gryla, the whole story appears as a course of naming the nameless forces that work within Dunald, who is the one having the Gryla. Based on Franco Moretti’s og Andreas Huyssen’s notion of ‘centre and periphery’, the question of translation is connected to the Faroe Island as a non­metropolitan culture. Due to the cultural backlog in the periphery there is a special need for translations caused by the discrepancy between the trans­atlantic modernity and a minor culture as the Faroese still close to nature and the oral tradition. In response to the cultural backlog the dynamics of translation become a privileged perspective creating connections between modern and premodern aspects. The Faroese reaction represents an alternative modernity and an alternative (geo)modernism writing back to a rule­based hegemonic modernity an modernism in order to give an account of the encounter with another world, which evades direct contact and brings into question what is periphery and what is centre.</p><p> </p>
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40

Katz, Frank. "The Unusual Case of Leslie Lapidus: The Purposes of the Remarkably Long Joke in William Styron's Sophie's Choice." Prospects 28 (October 2004): 543–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001605.

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In Discussing the humor of William Styron's humor-filled novel Sophie's Choice, I am particularly interested in focusing upon the nature of the joke that fills a huge portion of the novel, the Leslie Lapidus affair. Rarely (if ever) in the history of the written word, I'd be willing to venture, has a joke of the outrageous length of this one been set down. The Leslie Lapidus affair, from start to finish, actually takes up about a full fifth of a long novel. The reader first hears of Leslie as a “hot dish” promised to Stingo, the main character and the narrator, on page 82 of the 1992 Vintage edition, but the punch line doesn't come until page 193, followed by a few pages of denouement. What a buildup! That's a startlingly long joke. The over-length of the Leslie Lapidus affair, as well as its late-in-the-novel resurrection in the briefer “coda” that is the Mary Alice Grimball encounter, should be enough to make the reader take pause. What in the world is a joke of this size doing in a novel about the Holocaust? How does it relate to the major ideas of the novel? At 100+ pages, it's practically a major theme of its own.
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41

Opreanu, Lucia. "Word Havens: Reading One’s Way out of Trauma in Contemporary Fiction." University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series 9, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/ubr.9.2.10.

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Prompted by the attention received in recent years by the collateral benefits of reading and the growing prominence of bibliotherapy in the literary marketplace, this paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of books as they emerge from the experience of fictional characters, a perhaps less scientifically sound endeavour than empirical studies and clinical trials targeting real-life readers but one likely to occasion interesting perspectives on reading as a coping mechanism in the face of trauma. By focusing on a variety of reading experiences gleaned from a selection of novels ranging from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to William Styron’s Sophie’s Choice, Graham Swift’s Waterland, Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient, Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip and Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows’ The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and targeting acts of solitary communion with narrative as well as illicit seminars, informal book clubs and impromptu public readings, the analysis intends to highlight the extent to which literature can provide more than a mere pastime or intellectual challenge to its most vulnerable readers. Whether such benefits entail a sense of community, a temporary shelter from the hardships of war, a reprieve from the abuses of a totalitarian government or sanctuary from the less brutal but nevertheless haunting scars of broken relationships, parental disapproval or social rejection, the ultimate goal is to identify and assess the various survival strategies employed within these fictional universes. The
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42

Miranda-Argüello, Fabiola, Luis Loria-Salazar, José P. Aguiar-Moya, and Paulina Leiva-Padilla. "Measurement of G* in Fine Asphalt Mixes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2507, no. 1 (January 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2507-05.

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This study characterized the mechanical properties in fine asphalt mixtures by means of a microscale test. The method involved the design of the fine asphalt matrix, the specimen preparation, the performance of shear tests, and the construction of complex shear modulus master curves based on the obtained results. The tests were performed with a device called a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The test configuration consisted of a temperature and frequency sweep for a given strain level, within the linear viscoelastic range of the material. The test implementation experimental design involved the use of two aggregate sources and three asphalt types (neat, styrene–butadiene rubber modified, and ethylene copolymer modified). On the basis of the results for the mixes, master curves were calibrated by sigmoidal, Christensen–Anderson, and Christensen–Anderson–Marasteanu general models and using Arrhenius and William–Landel–Ferry shift factors. As part of the study, the DMA test based on shear loading mode was successfully implemented and allowed for measurement of a fundamental material property: complex shear modulus ( G*). The G* estimation involved measurement of shear stress, strain, and phase angles. Complex shear moduli in the range of 40 to 170 MPa were obtained; the fine asphalt mixtures modified with ethylene block copolymer developed higher stiffness, and the ones with neat binder had lower stiffness. From the G* results, master curves were developed. A higher fit was obtained when the general sigmoidal formula was used; this result indicated the high degree of similitude in behavior between the fine asphalt matrix and the complete hot-mix asphalt mixtures.
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43

Ibrulj, Jusuf, Ejub Dzaferovic, Murco Obucina, and Manja Kitek Kuzman. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193276.

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The aim of this research is to determine the relaxation and creep modulus of 3D printed materials, and the numerical research is based on the finite volume method. The basic material for determining these characteristics is ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic as one of the most widely used polymeric materials in 3D printing. The experimental method for determining the relaxation functions involved the use of a creep test, in which a constant increase of the stress of the material was performed over time to a certain predetermined value. In addition to this test, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) analysis was used. Determination of unknown parameters of relaxation functions in analytical form was performed on the basis of the expression for the storage modulus in the frequency domain. The influence of temperature on the values of the relaxation modulus is considered through the determination of the shift factor. Shift factor is determined on the basis of a series of tests of the relaxation function at different constant temperatures. The shift factor is presented in the form of the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) equation. After obtaining such experimentally determined viscoelastic characteristics with analytical expressions for relaxation modulus and shift factors, numerical analysis can be performed. For this numerical analysis, a mathematical model with an incremental approach was used, as developed in earlier works although with a certain modification. In the experimental analysis, the analytical expression for relaxation modulus in the form of the Prony series is used, and since it is the sum of exponential functions, this enables the derivation of a recursive algorithm for stress calculation. Numerical analysis was performed on several test cases and the results were compared with the results of the experiment and available analytical solutions. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical simulation and the results of the experiment and analytical solutions.
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44

"William Styron revisited." Choice Reviews Online 29, no. 02 (October 1, 1991): 29–0763. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-0763.

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45

"William Styron, a life." Choice Reviews Online 36, no. 01 (September 1, 1998): 36–0200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.36-0200.

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46

"Selected letters of William Styron." Choice Reviews Online 51, no. 01 (August 20, 2013): 51–0156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-0156.

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47

"Gynicide: women in the novels of William Styron." Choice Reviews Online 34, no. 02 (October 1, 1996): 34–0774. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-0774.

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48

"The novels of William Styron: from harmony to history." Choice Reviews Online 33, no. 03 (November 1, 1995): 33–1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.33-1369.

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Krome, Sabine. "80. Das Vaterbild in ausgewählten Romanen William Styrons. [The Father as an Image in Selected Novels by William Styron.]." English and American Studies in German 1988, no. 1 (January 1, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/east-1988-0182.

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50

"Violence and compassion in the novels of William Styron: a study in tragic humanism." Choice Reviews Online 26, no. 09 (May 1, 1989): 26–4936. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-4936.

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