Relevant bibliographies by topics / William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)

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Academic literature on the topic 'William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)"

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Trainer, Matthew. "The patents of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)." World Patent Information 26, no. 4 (December 2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2004.05.003.

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Rowlinson, J. S. "Dr Thomas Carver and Lord Kelvin." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 60, no. 2 (April 12, 2006): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2006.0139.

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Thomas Carver was secretary and assistant to William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, from 1890 to 1894 and maintained close links with him until Kelvin's death in 1907. In the twentieth century Carver became an independent engineer and inventor whose patents were mainly for improvements to textile machinery. These improvements were some of the first successful attempts to introduce electrical devices into what had been traditionally a purely mechanical industry. His patents include what seems to be the earliest proposal to use electro-acoustical echo-sounding for measuring the depth of the sea.
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Aplin, K. L., and R. G. Harrison. "Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 4, no. 2 (September 3, 2013): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-83-2013.

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Abstract. Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) made important contributions to the study of atmospheric electricity during a brief but productive period from 1859–1861. By 1859 Kelvin had recognised the need for "incessant recording" of atmospheric electrical parameters, and responded by inventing both the water dropper equaliser for measuring the atmospheric potential gradient (PG), and photographic data logging. The water dropper equaliser was widely adopted internationally and is still in use today. Following theoretical considerations of electric field distortion by local topography, Kelvin developed a portable electrometer, using it to investigate the PG on the Scottish island of Arran. During these environmental measurements, Kelvin may have unwittingly detected atmospheric PG changes during solar activity in August/September 1859 associated with the "Carrington event", which is interesting in the context of his later statements that solar magnetic influence on the Earth was impossible. Kelvin's atmospheric electricity work presents an early representative study in quantitative environmental physics, through the application of mathematical principles to an environmental problem, the design and construction of bespoke instrumentation for real world measurements and recognising the limitations of the original theoretical view revealed by experimental work.
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Yvard, Jean-Michel. "Géologie, théologie et inquiétudes eschatologiques : William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) et les débats suscités par la thermodynamique à l’époque victorienne." Cahiers victoriens et édouardiens, no. 71 Printemps (June 18, 2010): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cve.2860.

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Wise, M. Norton. "Mediating Machines." Science in Context 2, no. 1 (1988): 77–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000508.

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The ArgumentThe societal context within which science is pursued generally acts as a productive force in the generation of knowledge. To analyze this action it is helpful to consider particular modes of mediation through which societal concerns are projected into the very local and esoteric concerns of a particular domain of research. One such mode of mediation occurs through material systems. Here I treat two such systems – the steam engine and the electric telegraph – in the natural philosophy of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin).The steam engine illustrates conceptual mediation. It simultaneously instantiates “labor value” in political economy and “work” in engineering mechanics, thereby identifying the two concepts in the region of their common reference. The partial identification carries with it a structural analogy between a network of concepts from political economy and a similar network in natural philosophy, providing a potent heuristic for the reformulation and further development of dynamics.The electric telegraph illustrates methodological mediation. It projects the interests of engineering and industry into the interests of electromagnetic theory and vice versa, thereby establishing, in Thomson's view, a Baconian unity of truth and utility. As the common reference of theory and practice, the telegraph locates the truth of theoretical knowledge in its utility and the utility of practical knowledge in its truth.These particular cases of conceptual and methodological mediation indicate how the local practices, concepts, and interests of a research specialty, or subculture, draw on and are adapted to those of the larger culture within which they develop. Thus the analysis of mediation leads to an ecological model of the social construction of scientific knowledge.
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Falconer, Isobel. "Vortices and atoms in the Maxwellian era." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2158 (September 30, 2019): 20180451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0451.

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The mathematical study of vortices began with Herman von Helmholtz's pioneering study in 1858. It was pursued vigorously over the next two decades, largely by British physicists and mathematicians, in two contexts: Maxwell's vortex analogy for the electromagnetic field and William Thomson's (Lord Kelvin) theory that atoms were vortex rings in an all-pervading ether. By the time of Maxwell's death in 1879, the basic laws of vortices in a perfect fluid in three-dimensional Euclidean space had been established, as had their importance to physics. Early vortex studies were embedded in a web of issues spanning the fields we now know as ‘mathematics’ and ‘physics’—fields which had not yet become institutionally distinct disciplines but overlapped. This paper investigates the conceptual issues with ideas of force, matter, and space, that underlay mechanics and led to vortex models being an attractive proposition for British physicists, and how these issues played out in the mathematics of vortices, paying particular attention to problems around continuity. It concludes that while they made valuable contributions to hydrodynamics and the nascent field of topology, the British ultimately failed in their more physical objectives. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological and geometrical aspects of mass and vortex dynamics’.
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Crawford, Barbara E. "William P.L. Thomson, Lord Henry Sinclair's 1492 Rental of Orkney." Northern Scotland 18 (First Serie, no. 1 (May 1998): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.1998.0014.

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Craik, Alex D. D. "ThePopular lectures and addressesof William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (1824–1907)." BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2012.619085.

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Jacovelli, Paul B., Ronald C. Norris, Chester E. Canada, and Otto H. Zinke. "The Thermocouple Revisited: The Thomson Effect." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 44, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2018-0062.

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Abstract Measurements of Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) coefficients are made in an evacuated region on a silver sample with a novel transducer in temperature intervals {T_{A}}\pm 20\hspace{0.1667em}\text{K}, where the {T_{A}} are very carefully controlled ambient temperatures. This is the first systematic examination of Thomson coefficients in these temperature intervals. The Thomson coefficients when plotted against T, the temperature of measurement, are found to be discontinuous precisely at {T_{A}}. When the Thomson coefficients are multiplied by a transformation involving T and {T_{A}}, a linear curve in T results. Examinations here of measurements of Thomson coefficients produced by others show multiple values at T in some cases and odd behavior in other cases. Multiplying the results of others by the transformation discovered here almost always produces linear curves. The conclusions are the following. (1) Thomson’s explicit assumption that the Thomson effect involves no energy exchange with surroundings was wrong. (2) Any non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach to deriving the Thomson effect must take into account the energy exchange with the surroundings and consequently must be made in three dimensions. (3) From the work here and that of others, the energy exchange with the environment is probably mostly thermal radiation.
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Holmes, Andrew R. "Professor James Thomson Sr. and Lord Kelvin: Religion, Science, and Liberal Unionism in Ulster and Scotland." Journal of British Studies 50, no. 1 (January 2011): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656673.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)"

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Guedj, Muriel. "L'émergence du principe de conservation de l'énergie et la construction de la thermodynamique." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070034.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de degager les principaux elements qui ont conduit, au milieu du xixeme siecle, a l'emergence du principe de conservation de l'energie ; l'energie etant consideree comme un concept unificateur. Plus precisement, cette etude s'interesse a l'evolution des sciences de la chaleur et a la construction de la thermodynamique afin de souligner l'aspect essentiel et qui autorise la generalisation de la conservation du principe : l'energie interne. Dans un tel contexte, le cheminement vers la conservation de l'energie apparait complexe et riche et les approches mises en oeuvre tres diverses. Si les recherches de carnot constituent une veritable reference, les travaux de w. Thomson, associant les problemes lies a la dissipation et la reversibilite, apportent le point de vue le plus general sur cette question de la conservation de l'energie.
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Lewis, Elizabeth Faith. "Peter Guthrie Tait : new insights into aspects of his life and work : and associated topics in the history of mathematics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6330.

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In this thesis I present new insights into aspects of Peter Guthrie Tait's life and work, derived principally from largely-unexplored primary source material: Tait's scrapbook, the Tait–Maxwell school-book and Tait's pocket notebook. By way of associated historical insights, I also come to discuss the innovative and far-reaching mathematics of the elusive Frenchman, C.-V. Mourey. P. G. Tait (1831–1901) F.R.S.E., Professor of Mathematics at the Queen's College, Belfast (1854–1860) and of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh (1860–1901), was one of the leading physicists and mathematicians in Europe in the nineteenth century. His expertise encompassed the breadth of physical science and mathematics. However, since the nineteenth century he has been unfortunately overlooked—overshadowed, perhaps, by the brilliance of his personal friends, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865) and William Thomson (1824–1907), later Lord Kelvin. Here I present the results of extensive research into the Tait family history. I explore the spiritual aspect of Tait's life in connection with The Unseen Universe (1875) which Tait co-authored with Balfour Stewart (1828–1887). I also reveal Tait's surprising involvement in statistics and give an account of his introduction to complex numbers, as a schoolboy at the Edinburgh Academy. A highlight of the thesis is a re-evaluation of C.-V. Mourey's 1828 work, La Vraie Théorie des quantités négatives et des quantités prétendues imaginaires, which I consider from the perspective of algebraic reform. The thesis also contains: (i) a transcription of an unpublished paper by Hamilton on the fundamental theorem of algebra which was inspired by Mourey and (ii) new biographical information on Mourey.
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Books on the topic "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)"

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Norton, Wise M., ed. Energy and empire: A biographical study of Lord Kelvin. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Burchfield, Joe D. Lord Kelvin and the age of the earth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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3

Hörz, Herbert. Naturphilosophie als Heuristik?: Korrespondenz zwischen Hermann von Helmholtz und Lord Kelvin (William Thompson). Marburg/Lahn: Basilisken-Press, 2000.

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Phillips, Thompson Silvanus. The life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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Gabriel, Stokes George. The correspondence between Sir George Gabriel Stokes and Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Gabriel, Stokes George. The correspondence between Sir George Gabriel Stokes and Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Stokes, George Gabriel. The correspondence between Sir George Gabriel Stokes and Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Packer, John. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Cable Telegraphy. The Cable and Wireless Porthcurno and Collections Trust, 2005.

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Burchfield, Joe D. Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. Palgrave, 2014.

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Smith, Crosbie, and M. Norton Wise. Energy and Empire Set: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)"

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Schils, René. "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)." In How James Watt Invented the Copier, 77–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0860-4_13.

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Hanlon, Robert T. "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)." In Block by Block: The Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Thermodynamics, 386–421. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851547.003.0032.

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Being raised on the caloric theory in which heat is a conserved quantity, Thomson faced challenges in accepting Clausius’ analysis of Carnot’s heat engine. Once he finally overcame these challenges, helped by collaborating with his brother James, Thomson accepted and then furthered Clausius’ work by proposing a different perspective of Clausius’ 2nd Principle and the 2nd Law of Tthermodynamics: energy dissipation. This chapter concludes with the role Hermann von Helmholtz played in bringing a rational approach to a thermodynamic science based on cause–effect.
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Anatychuk, L. "William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and thermoelectricity." In Kelvin, Thermodynamics and the Natural World, 337–62. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/014.

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Cantor, Brian. "The Gibbs-Thomson Equation." In The Equations of Materials, 109–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851875.003.0006.

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The external surface of a material has an atomic or molecular structure that is different from the bulk material. So does any internal interface within a material. Because of this, the energy of a material or any grain or particle within it increases with the curvature of its bounding surface, as described by the Gibbs-Thomson equation. This chapter explains how surfaces control the nucleation of new phases during reactions such as solidification and precipitation, the coarsening and growth of particles during heat treatment, the equilibrium shape of crystals, and the surface adsorption and segregation of solutes and impurities. The Gibbs-Thomson was predated by a number of related equations; it is not clear whether it is named after J. J. Thomson or William Thomson (Lord Kelvin); and it was not put into its current usual form until after Gibbs’, Thomson’s and Kelvin’s time. J. J. Thomson was the third Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge University. He discovered the electron, which had a profound impact on the world, notably via Thomas Edison’s invention of the light bulb, and subsequent building of the world’s first electricity distribution network. William Thomson was Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University. He made major scientific developments, notably in thermodynamics, and he helped build the first trans-Atlantic undersea telegraph. Because of his scientific pre-eminence, the absolute unit of temperature, the degree Kelvin, is named after him.
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"William Thomson, Lord Kelvin 1824–1907, by Mark McCartney." In Physicists of Ireland, 130–39. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420033175-17.

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Hanlon, Robert T. "James Joule." In Block by Block: The Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Thermodynamics, 249–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851547.003.0021.

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Joule’s journey to his energy conservation law began with his unsuccessful evaluation of the electric motor as a means to achieve perpetual motion. A series of subsequent experiments eventually led him to a definitive experiment in which he demonstrated the transformation of work (a falling weight) into heat (a spinning paddle that heated water) occurs at a precise ratio called the mechanical equivalent of heat (MEH). This and other of his experiments proved that heat is not a conserved quantity and that heat and work are simply two forms of a conserved quantity later to be called energy. He shared his findings with William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) who then went on to establish the field of thermodynamics.
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Stanley, Matthew. "God and the Uniformity of Nature." In Science Without God?, 97–110. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834588.003.0006.

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Today the laws of physics are often seen as evidence for a naturalistic worldview. However, historically, physics was usually considered compatible with belief in God. Foundations of physics such as thermodynamics, uniformity of nature, and causality were seen as religiously based by physicists such as James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson, Lord Kelvin. These were usually interpreted as evidence of design by a creative deity. In the late nineteenth century, John Tyndall and other scientific naturalists made the argument that these foundations were more sympathetic to a non-religious understanding of the natural world. With the success of this approach, twentieth-century religious physicists tended to stress non-material and experiential connections rather than looking for evidence of design. Later parts of that century saw a revival of natural theological arguments in the form of the anthropic principle and the fine-tuning problem. While modern physics is naturalistic, this was not inevitable and there were several alternative approaches common in earlier times.
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McCartney, Mark. "William Thomson: An Introductory Biography." In Kelvin: Life, Labours and Legacy, 2–22. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231256.003.0001.

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Whitaker, A. "James and William Thomson: the creation of thermodynamics." In Kelvin, Thermodynamics and the Natural World, 67–91. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-149-8/003.

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Grattan-Guinness, I. "On the Early Work of William Thomson: Mathematical Physics and Methodology in the 1840s." In Kelvin: Life, Labours and Legacy, 44–55. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231256.003.0003.

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