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Journal articles on the topic 'Williams-Landel-Ferry equation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dagdug, L., and L. S. García-Colín. "Generalization of the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 250, no. 1-4 (1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(97)00542-6.

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2

Mashanov A.A., Darmaev M.V., and Lybsanova A.B. "Estimation of the temperature band characterizing the liquid--glass transition interval for chalcogenide glasses." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 10 (2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.10.54245.370.

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The temperature dependence of the viscosity of inorganic glasses in the glass transition region is successfully described by the Williams--Landel--Ferry (WLF) equation. For the studied glasses, the value of f_g=1/C1 weakly depends on the nature of the glasses. There is a linear correlation between delta delta Tg and Tg. From the data on the parameters of the WLF equation C1 and C2, we calculated delta delta Tg, as well as the relaxation time of the structure taug at the glass transition temperature of the glasses under study. Keywords: Viscosity in the glass transition region, Williams--Landel

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3

Sanditov, D. S., and I. V. Razumovskaya. "New Approach to Justification of the Williams–Landel–Ferry Equation." Polymer Science, Series A 60, no. 2 (2018): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x18020128.

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4

Yasui, Manabu, Masahiro Arai, Masaharu Takahashi, et al. "Deliberation of Effect to Glass Imprinting Analysis by Williams-Landel-Ferry Equation." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 130, no. 10 (2010): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.130.484.

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5

Chen, Hao, Diego Maria Barbieri, Xuemei Zhang, and Inge Hoff. "Reliability of Calculation of Dynamic Modulus for Asphalt Mixtures Using Different Master Curve Models and Shift Factor Equations." Materials 15, no. 12 (2022): 4325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124325.

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To develop a mechanistic-empirical pavement design system for Norwegian conditions, this paper evaluates the influence of the adoption of different models and shifting techniques on the determination of dynamic modulus master curves of asphalt mixtures. Two asphalt mixture types commonly used in Norway, namely Asphalt Concrete (AC) and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) containing neat bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen, were prepared by the roller compactor, and their dynamic moduli were determined by the cyclic indirect tensile test. The dynamic modulus master curves were constructed using the sta

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6

López-Serrano, F., J. E. Puig, and E. Mendizábal. "A reaction order functional relationship with the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation in curing kinetics." Polymer Engineering & Science 54, no. 8 (2013): 1900–1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.23741.

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7

Huba, Antal, László Molnár, András Czmerk, and Tamás Fischl. "Dynamic Analysis of Silicone Elastomers." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.85.

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The silicone elastomers offer in our days new perspective for the construction in the precision engineering and in the medicine because of their special mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical properties. Since the essential material parameters like storage modulus and loss modulus depend on temperature and frequency explicit it is important for simulations to know these characteristics. This report is about determining of relaxation behaviour of silicone rubbers and about finding the mathematical relation to describe time-temperature equivalence of silicone elastomers. As conclusion we c

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Fernandes, Célio, Ahmad Fakhari, and Željko Tukovic. "Non-Isothermal Free-Surface Viscous Flow of Polymer Melts in Pipe Extrusion Using an Open-Source Interface Tracking Finite Volume Method." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244454.

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Polymer extrudate swelling is a rheological phenomenon that occurs after polymer melt flow emerges at the die exit of extrusion equipment due to molecular stress relaxations and flow redistributions. Specifically, with the growing demand for large scale and high productivity, polymer pipes have recently been produced by extrusion. This study reports the development of a new incompressible non-isothermal finite volume method, based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation, to compute the viscous flow of polymer melts obeying the Herschel–Bulkley constitutive equation. The Papanast

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9

Brzic, Sasa, Ljiljana Jelisavac, Jela Galovic, Danica Simic, and Jelena Petkovic. "Viscoelastic properties of hydroxyl-terminated poly(butadiene) based composite rocket propellants." Chemical Industry 68, no. 4 (2014): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130426067b.

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In the present study, the viscoelastic response of three composite solid propellants based on hydroxyl-terminated poly(butadiene), ammonium perchlorate and aluminum has been investigated. The investigation was surveyed by dynamic mechanical analysis over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. The mechanical properties of these materials are related to the macromolecular structure of the binder as well as to the content and nature of solid fillers. The storage modulus, loss modulus, loss factor and glass transition temperature for each propellant sample have been evaluated. The master cu

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Marashdeh, Wajeeh F., and Jude O. Iroh. "Viscoelastic behavior and construction of master curve for graphene/polyimide nanocomposites." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 8 (2016): 943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316665159.

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Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy is used to investigate the variation of the glass rubbery transition temperature ( Tg) of graphene/polyimide nanocomposites. The Tg was obtained as the temperature corresponding to the peak of the tan δ versus temperature curve for the alpha transition. Cole–Cole curve was constructed for the matrix and the composites composite at 1 Hz and a hemispherical curve was obtained suggesting that the constituents have similar relaxation behavior. The time–temperature superposition principle was used to model the behavior of the nanocomposites at lower frequencies and l

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11

Neagu, Rodica M., José N. Marat-Mendes, and Eugen R. Neagu. "On the Possibility to Observe a Compensation Effect around the Glass Transition Temperature." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1462.

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Compensation has been reported for the relaxation parameters: the activation energy W and the pre-exponential factor τ0, determined from the Thermal Sampling of Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current technique. Below the glass transition it is assumed that the relaxation time follows an Arrhenius equation. In the vicinity of glass transition temperature an experimental thermogram may be analyzed using the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman-Hesse (VFTH) or the Williams- Landel -Ferry equation. In this article we use the VFTH relationship to study the compensation effect in the range of glass transition.

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12

Brostow, Witold. "Reliability and prediction of long-term performance of polymer-based materials." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 3 (2009): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-03.

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The prediction of long-term performance from short-term tests is the bottom line of polymer science and engineering for users of polymer-based materials (PBMs) - which means for scientists, engineers, and laymen, or, literally, for everybody. Methods of prediction of mechanical properties (creep, stress relaxation, dynamic mechanical behavior, tension, etc.) based on the chain relaxation capability (CRC), the stress-time and temperature-time correspondence principles are presented. The methods can be applied even to small amounts of experimental data (2 or 3 isotherms or 2 or 3 stress levels)

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13

Abdulameer, A. Hussain, and Montadher A. Muhammed. "Viscoelastic Finite Element Technique for Computing Rutting of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Including Aging Factor." Kufa Journal of Engineering 2, no. 2 (2014): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/221276.

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Rutting is often responsible for premature maintenance and rehabilitation activities reducing service life of the pavement. Several finite element computer programs for analyzing flexible pavements have been developed over the years. Most of these programs (like ANSYS)did not take into consideration the effect of the aging factor on the behavior of viscoelastic asphalt concrete layer. The present work uses a displacement based finite element method to compute vertical compression strain and rutting depth for a flexible pavement system of three layers taking into consideration the aging (temper

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14

Darmaev, Migmar V., Michael I. Ojovan, Alexey A. Mashanov, and Timur A. Chimytov. "The Temperature Interval of the Liquid–Glass Transition of Amorphous Polymers and Low Molecular Weight Amorphous Substances." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042742.

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We present calculation results of the temperature interval δTg characterizing the liquid–glass transition in amorphous materials obtained on the basis of available data of the empirical parameters C1 and C2 in the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) viscosity equation. We consider the unambiguous dependence of the relative transition temperature interval δTg/Tg on the fraction of the fluctuation volume fg frozen at the glass transition temperature Tg utilizing Sanditov’s model of delocalized atoms. The parameter f = ΔVe/V, which determines the molecular mobility characteristic of delocalized atoms in

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15

Li, Yong, Xunhua Sun, Yanan Miao, Shuang Zhang, Fangkai Guo, and Long Chen. "Prediction Formula Describing Viscoelasticity of Unvulcanized Rubber Compound Based on Time-Temperature Equivalent Superposition Principle." International Journal of Polymer Science 2023 (February 21, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6916484.

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Fitting unvulcanized rubber compound’s (URC) dynamic viscoelasticity prediction formula and then constructing its mechanical constitutive model are of great significance for studying defect mechanisms in rubber products. However, it is difficult to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber at high and low frequencies due to its rapid relaxation property. This paper presents a convenient method to measure the dynamic viscoelasticity of unvulcanized rubber. The data of different temperatures at a fixed frequency are measured by dynamic thermomechanical analysis, and the master c

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16

Borrmann, Dominik, Andreas Danzer, and Gabriele Sadowski. "Anomalous Water-Sorption Kinetics in ASDs." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (2022): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091897.

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Anomalous water-sorption kinetics in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are caused by the slow swelling of the polymer. In this work, we used a diffusion–relaxation model with the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation and the Arrhenius equation to predict the anomalous water-sorption kinetics in ASDs of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)-co-vinyl-acetate (PVPVA) and indomethacin (IND) at 25 °C. These predictions were based on the viscosities of pure PVPVA and pure IND, as well as on the water-sorption kinetics in pure PVPVA. The diffusion–relaxation model was able to predict the different types of anomalo

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17

Brzic, Sasa, Gordana Uscumlic, Mirjana Dimic, Milos Tomic, Vesna Rodic, and Bojana Fidanovski. "Viscoelastic behavior of carboxyl-terminated (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)-based composite propellant binder containing polyglycidyl-type bonding agent." Chemical Industry 70, no. 5 (2016): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150918062b.

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The influence of tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate as bonding agent on the physico-chemical, viscoelastic and uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of carboxyl-terminated (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) cured with the polyglycidyl ether of glycerol and epichlorhydrin was investigated. Cross-link density values were estimated by swelling measurement. Temperature and frequency dependencies of rheological behaviour parameters (storage modulus, loss modulus, loss factor and glass-rubber transition temperature) were also analyzed. Based on the frequency dependencies of storage modulus, put in the ra

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18

Mashanov, Alexey A., Michael I. Ojovan, Migmar V. Darmaev, and Irina V. Razumovskaya. "The Activation Energy Temperature Dependence for Viscous Flow of Chalcogenides." Applied Sciences 14, no. 10 (2024): 4319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14104319.

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For some chalcogenide glasses, the temperature dependence of the activation energy E(T) of viscous flow in the glass transition region was calculated using the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. A method for determining the activation energy of viscous flow as a function of temperature is proposed using the Taylor expansion of the function E(T) using the example of chalcogenide glasses As-Se, Ge-Se, Sb-Ge-Se, P-Se, and AsSe-TlSe. The calculation results showed that the temperature dependence of the activation energy for the Ge-Se, As-Se, P-Se, AsSe-TlSe, and AsSe systems is satisfactorily d

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19

Pearson, Hamish, Brian Gabbitas, and Sigurdur Ormarsson. "Tensile behaviour of radiata pine with different moisture contents at elevated temperatures." Holzforschung 66, no. 5 (2012): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2011-0185.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain tensile elastic modulus (EM) information for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) sapwood in tangential grain direction, over a temperature range of 70°C to 150°C for a wide range of moisture contents. Such information is scarce, probably because of difficulties with research equipment design and process control strategies to perform accurate tests. As expected, EM dramatically decreased with increasing temperature and moisture content. The results were modelled to yield a relationship between stress and strain. The results were also successfully tra

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20

Liu, Xiu, Dingxiang Zhu, Jianguo Lin, and Yongjun Zhang. "Temperature and Frequency Dependence of the Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties of Silicone Rubber." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143005.

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Temperature–frequency sweep tests were performed on silicone rubber to investigate the dynamic viscoelastic properties. The test results show that the viscoelasticity of silicone rubber presents significant temperature dependence and frequency dependence. The dynamic viscoelastic test curves at different temperatures can be shifted along the logarithmic frequency coordinate axis to construct smooth master curves at the reference temperature of 20 °C, covering a frequency range of 10 decades, which indicates thermorheological simplicity on a macro level and frequency temperature equivalence of

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21

Zhou, Bo, Bin Zhao, Wei Tang, Rongyong Wang, and Boyuan Yin. "Creep Compliance of Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Converted from Storage Modulus by Use of Collocation Method: Numerical and Experimental Validation." Polymers 17, no. 13 (2025): 1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17131809.

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Carbon black (CB)-filled rubber has been widely used in engineering. However, its time-dependent behavior, such as creep, is undesirable during the service process. In addition, the long-term creep test is time- and cost-consuming. To this end, the objective of this paper aims to predict the creep behavior from the short-term storage modulus by use of the collocation method. First, the master curve of storage modulus was constructed based on the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP), and the validation of shift factors was verified by use of the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation.

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22

Pedro, João, Bruno Ramôa, João Miguel Nóbrega, and Célio Fernandes. "Verification and Validation of openInjMoldSim, an Open-Source Solver to Model the Filling Stage of Thermoplastic Injection Molding." Fluids 5, no. 2 (2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5020084.

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In the present study, the simulation of the three-dimensional (3D) non-isothermal, non-Newtonian fluid flow of polymer melts is investigated. In particular, the filling stage of thermoplastic injection molding is numerically studied with a solver implemented in the open-source computational library O p e n F O A M ® . The numerical method is based on a compressible two-phase flow model, developed following a cell-centered unstructured finite volume discretization scheme, combined with a volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique for the interface capturing. Additionally, the Cross-WLF (Williams–Landel–Fe

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23

Wang, Tao, Xuelei Wei, De Zhang, Hai Shi, and Zhiqiang Cheng. "Evaluation for Low Temperature Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt by Dynamic Shear Rheometer Method." Buildings 11, no. 9 (2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090408.

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Finding an alternative or supplementary test method to evaluating the low temperature performance of asphalt is an area of considerable interest. This paper tries to explore the possibility of using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) method for assessing the low temperature properties of styrenebutadienestyrene (SBS) modified asphalt. In the study, 60/80 and 80/100 pen grade asphalt binders, named binder A-70, binder B-70 and binder C-90, are used to produce the SBS modified asphalt samples. After that, the low temperature performance of the asphalt binders is characterized by using bending bea

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24

Karatrantos, Argyrios V., Olivier Couture, Channya Hesse, and Daniel F. Schmidt. "Molecular Simulation of Covalent Adaptable Networks and Vitrimers: A Review." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101373.

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Covalent adaptable networks and vitrimers are novel polymers with dynamic reversible bond exchange reactions for crosslinks, enabling them to modulate their properties between those of thermoplastics and thermosets. They have been gathering interest as materials for their recycling and self-healing properties. In this review, we discuss different molecular simulation efforts that have been used over the last decade to investigate and understand the nanoscale and molecular behaviors of covalent adaptable networks and vitrimers. In particular, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, and a hybrid of mol

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25

Ibrulj, Jusuf, Ejub Dzaferovic, Murco Obucina, and Manja Kitek Kuzman. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing." Polymers 13, no. 19 (2021): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193276.

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The aim of this research is to determine the relaxation and creep modulus of 3D printed materials, and the numerical research is based on the finite volume method. The basic material for determining these characteristics is ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic as one of the most widely used polymeric materials in 3D printing. The experimental method for determining the relaxation functions involved the use of a creep test, in which a constant increase of the stress of the material was performed over time to a certain predetermined value. In addition to this test, DMA (dynamic mechanic

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Wang, Hui, Shihao Zhan, and Guojun Liu. "The Effects of Asphalt Migration on the Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixture." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (2019): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132747.

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Asphalt migration is one of the significant detrimental effects on asphalt pavement performance. In order to simulate the state after the occurrence of asphalt migration amid asphalt pavement layers and further investigate the effects of asphalt migration on the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture, samples with different asphalt contents layers were firstly separated into the upper and lower half portions and then compacted together. By conducting the dynamic modulus test with the Superpave Simple Performance Tester (SPT), the variation laws of the dynamic modulus (|E*|) and the phase angle (δ)

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27

Riahi, Ebrahim, Minh-Tan Do, and Malal Kane. "An energetic approach to model the relationship between tire rolling friction and road surface macrotexture." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 10, no. 1 (2022): 014001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac56a9.

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Abstract To investigate the relationship between tire rolling friction and road surface texture, a model based on the energy dissipated by a rubber block when it is deformed cyclically by road surface asperities is proposed. The effects of speed and temperature are considered using time-temperature superposition and the Williams-Landel-Ferry equations. The model is applied to texture profiles, measured using a laser profilometer, and filtered to simulate the envelopment of road surfaces by a tire, to estimate the dissipated energy and deduce the coefficient of rolling friction. The comparison

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28

Shutilin, Yu F. "Use of the Williams-Landel-Ferry and Arrhenius equations in describing the relaxational properties of polymers and polymer homologues." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 33, no. 1 (1991): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90279-y.

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29

Sanditov, D. S., M. V. Darmaev, and V. V. Mantatov. "The Bartenev and Williams-Landel-Ferry equations in the relaxation theory of the glass transition and the model of delocalized atoms." Polymer Science Series A 57, no. 1 (2015): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x15010101.

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30

Naik, Jagadish, RF Bhajantri, Sunil G. Rathod, and Ishwar Naik. "Proton conducting diazanium hydrogen phosphate/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrolytes: Transport, electrical, thermal, structural, and optical properties." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 51, no. 5 (2018): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318788128.

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Proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte films, which are composed of diazanium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were prepared by a solution casting method. The prepared films were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The optical activation energy and band gap increases with increase in DAHP content in PVA. The direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) conductivity studies have been carried out using an impedance analyzer. The sample containing 15 wt% DAHP shows highest AC conductivity of the order of

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31

Aslan, Gökhan, and Nizami Aktürk. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Frequency- and Temperature-Dependent Characteristics in Viscoelastic Materials Using Prony Series." Applied Mechanics 5, no. 4 (2024): 786–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech5040044.

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This study comprehensively investigates the frequency- and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of two elastomer materials, focusing on the comparison between experimental results and theoretical models derived from Prony series coefficients. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was performed across a broad temperature range of 0–100 °C and frequency range of 0.1–100 Hz to generate storage modulus and relaxation modulus data for both materials. Relaxation tests were conducted at 25 °C to further characterize the time-dependent behavior. Time–Temperature Superposition (TTS) was applied to

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Burkinshaw, Stephen M. "The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 2." Coloration Technology, August 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12782.

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AbstractTemperature dependent equilibrium dye adsorption data reported for Chlorazol Fast Scarlet 8B, Durazol Red 2B and Chrysophenine G on cotton, CV and CUP fibres and Durazol Grey RG on cotton and CV fibres in the presence of a constant amount of added inorganic electrolyte between 60°C and 90°C, as well as Chrysophenine G on cellophane sheet in the presence of varying amounts of added inorganic electrolyte, between 60°C and 97.5°C, was re‐evaluated using the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation. The results obtained suggest that the plasticisation model of dye diffusion appears to offer a reason

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Burkinshaw, Stephen M. "The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 3." Coloration Technology, November 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12795.

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AbstractPreviously published kinetic‐derived data reported for the temperature‐dependent diffusional behaviour of two direct dyes and a reactive dye within both cellophane and cotton substrates, in the presence of both a constant amount and varying amounts of added inorganic electrolyte, and over a diverse range of dyeing temperatures, were re‐evaluated using the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation. The experimentally observed diffusivity of the various anionic dyes within both types of cellulosic material and the structural relaxation times of the respective, water‐plasticised, cellulose I and cel

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Wu, Wei, Bo Fan, Qingqing Zhou, et al. "Influence of the relaxation behaviour of polyester molecular chains in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid on dyeing performance." Coloration Technology, January 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12809.

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AbstractThis study investigated the mechanism of dye uptake in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (ScCO2) by examining fibre swelling and molecular chain relaxation. The swelling rate of 30 D/3 Fila polyester fibres was tested under varying temperatures and pressures using a high‐temperature and high‐pressure in situ imaging platform. The swelling rate increased with temperature and pressure, but the rate of increase slowed above 100°C. The Williams–Landel–Ferry equation was used to analyse the relationship between the thermal relaxation of polyester macromolecular chains and dye uptake at hig

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Wang, Renyuan, Zongxia Jiao, and Yuanzhi Xu. "Dynamic characteristics of bladder type attenuator for hydraulic systems." Journal of Vibration and Control, January 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775463241228357.

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Flow ripples caused by the pump will lead to system failure or equipment damage. The bladder type attenuator is utilised to suppress flow ripples in piping systems, though its mathematic model has not been given out precisely. In this paper, the governing equations of the hollow cylindrical shell describing the bladder’s behaviour are studied. Considering the bladder’s viscoelastic materials, the constitutive function is obtained through DMA (Dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis) test and the WLF (Williams–Landel–Ferry) equation. Thus, the dynamic model of the attenuator can be written as an imp

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Likozar, Blaž, and Matjaž Krajnc. "Temperature Dependent Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and the Effect of Peroxide Cross-linkers." e-Polymers 7, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly.2007.7.1.1536.

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AbstractThe viscoelastic behavior of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) was studied over a range of temperatures and shear frequencies. Dynamic mechanical properties were studied and modelled using the generalized Maxwell model and the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation. A fitting algorithm was developed to provide the best agreement between the experimental data and the model results. In addition to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied. The HNBR structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The developed model exhibited an exce

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37

Nixon, Kevin D., Rui Sun, and Yossef A. Elabd. "Star poly(ionic liquid)s: Chain architecture‐property relationships." Journal of Polymer Science, April 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240205.

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AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of 3‐, 4‐, and 6‐arm star poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) (specifically, star poly(vinylbenzyl methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide) (poly(VBMIm‐TFSI))) via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with a core‐first approach, followed by quaternization and anion exchange. The impact of star polymer architecture on properties was explored by measuring the thermal, mechanical, and ion transport properties of each star PIL compared to those of an analogous linear PIL. The star PILs exhibited up to 2‐fold higher

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Takahashi, Kazuaki Z. "Mapping positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy data of a polymer to classical molecular dynamics simulations without shifting the glass transition temperature." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 8 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0160034.

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Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) enables the nondestructive measurement of nanoscale cavities in materials. In this study, a strategy was proposed for mapping PALS measurement data of isotactic polypropylene to classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations. The discrepancy between simulated and experimental glass transition temperatures was resolved by shortening the polymer chains, rather than adjusting for the temperature, using the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. The effective probe radii of ortho-positronium (o-Ps), determined by comparing PALS data with CMD simula

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Alena, Zemanová, Zeman Jan, and Šejnoha Michal. "Time/Temperature-Dependent Finite Element Model of Laminated Glass Beams." June 3, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1106819.

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The polymer foil used for manufacturing of laminated glass members behaves in a viscoelastic manner with temperature dependance. This contribution aims at incorporating the time/temperature-dependent behavior of interlayer to our earlier elastic finite element model for laminated glass beams. The model is based on a refined beam theory: each layer behaves according to the finite-strain shear deformable formulation by Reissner and the adjacent layers are connected via the Lagrange multipliers ensuring the inter-layer compatibility of a laminated unit. The time/temperature-dependent behavior of

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Burkinshaw, Stephen M. "The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 4." Coloration Technology, March 24, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12816.

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AbstractPreviously published data reported for the temperature dependency of the diffusion of an organic acid within PA 6 film, as well as the desorption of three acid dyes from dyed nylon 66 fabric, diffusion of an acid dye within nylon 6 film and the adsorption of a sulphur dye onto nylon 66 fabric, over a diverse range of application/washing/dyeing temperatures and conditions, were re‐evaluated using the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry (WLF) equation. As the experimentally observed diffusion/desorption/adsorption of the organic acid, each of the anionic dyes and the sulphur dye within/from/onto each

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Ren, Zhiyong, Noureddine Atalla, and Sebastian Ghinet. "Optimization Based Identification of the Dynamic Properties of Linearly Viscoelastic Materials Using Vibrating Beam Technique." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 133, no. 4 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003594.

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Sandwich structures with viscoelastic core and metal face sheets are increasingly used in automotive industry to significantly reduce the amplitude of vibration and noise radiation. Several experimental methods such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and vibrating beam technique (VBT) are used to characterize the dynamic properties of viscoelastic materials as a function of frequency and temperature. This paper investigates the use of a free-free beam setup, as an alternative solution to the classical clamped-free VBT, for a better control of the effect of boundary conditions on the laminate

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Silvano, Thiago F., Ricardo M. Di Benedetto, Marilia Sonego, Angelo Souza, and Antonio C. Ancelotti Junior. "DMA Master Curves for Long-Term Life Prediction of Epoxy Resins and Composites Using Time Temperature Superposition." Materials Research 28, suppl 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2025-0246.

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This study presents the results of constructing the master curve through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of unidirectional composites made of glass fiber and epoxy resins of classes F and H to evaluate the thermal stability and durability of these materials. For this purpose, the viscoelastic behavior of the polymers and composites was evaluated using the time-temperature superposition (TTS) model, applying the empirical Sigmoidal equation and the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) method to estimate the behavior at different temperatures. This approach allows the extension of experimentally access

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Sato, Takeshi, Yumi Matsumiya, and Hiroshi Watanabe. "Experimental study of phase separation in dynamically asymmetric unentangled polymer blend." Journal of Chemical Physics, November 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124087.

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We examined a phase separation process of a dynamically asymmetric blend of unentangled polyisoprene (PI) and poly(4-ethylstyrene) (PC2St) exhibiting the upper critical solution temperature (UCST). PI having the type-A dipole was the dielectrically active fast component, whereas PC2St was the dielectrically inert slow component whose dynamics can be detected by rheological measurements. To precisely model the phase separation process, it is important to estimate the composition-dependence of the mobility which is needed to describe the phase separation dynamics. For that purpose, we conducted

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Wang, Shuosi, and Tim Langrish. "Measurements of the Crystallization Rates of Amorphous Sucrose and Lactose Powders from Spray Drying." International Journal of Food Engineering 3, no. 4 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1176.

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The effects of temperature, relative humidity and molecular structure on the crystallization process within amorphous solids have been explored. Lactose and sucrose were spray dried, and the products were exposed to different and relative humidities. To investigate the effect of temperature, experiments were conducted at both room temperature and 40oC. The rate of the crystallization was more than doubled for every increase of temperature by 10oC, up to three times for the case of lactose. These results are consistent with the picture of the process as an activated rate one. The effect of incr

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Spearot, Douglas E., Alex Sudibjo, Varun Ullal, and Adam Huang. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Diffusion of O2 and N2 Penetrants in Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Nanocomposites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 134, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4005921.

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Recently, metal particle polymer composites have been proposed as sensing materials for micro corrosion sensors. To design the sensors, a detailed understanding of diffusion through metal particle polymer composites is necessary. Accordingly, in this work molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the diffusion of O2 and N2 penetrants in metal particle polymer nanocomposites composed of an uncross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix with Cu nanoparticle inclusions. PDMS is modeled using a hybrid interatomic potential with explicit treatment of Si and O atoms along the chain ba

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Medina‐Torres, Luis, Diola Marina Nuñez‐Ramirez, Angel Manuel Cabrales‐Gonzalez та Octavio Manero. "Master curves obtained by time–temperature–concentration double superposition of the κ‐carrageenan gelling biopolymer". Journal of Food Process Engineering 47, № 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.14724.

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AbstractThe viscoelastic behavior of food‐grade biopolymers during gelation has a complex frequency spectrum that is difficult to measure by commercial rheometers. Master curves built by time–temperature superposition (TTS) of data arising from small‐amplitude oscillatory flow (SAOS) or stress relaxation at a given reference temperature can provide the frequency span required to describe the frequency spectrum of highly complex systems such as hydrocolloids (e.g., κappa‐carrageenan). In this work, master curves using TTS were obtained for various concentrations (1%–4% w/w). For a given concent

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Krongauz, Vadim V. "Kinetics of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Thermal Degradation, Induction, Autocatalysis, Glass Transition, Diffusion." ChemistrySelect 9, no. 23 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202401031.

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AbstractKinetics of non‐oxidative thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized with di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. PVC thermal degradation autocatalyzed by forming HCl is delayed in the presence of acid scavenging ELO. Direct HCl elimination rates during steady state degradation (induction period) were almost independent on ELO concentration, with rate constants ranging from ≈3.2×10−6 s−1 at 463 K to ≈7.0×10−5 s−1 at 503 K. Activation energy of HCl elimination increased with glass transition temp

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Yin, Boyuan, Xinyue Jiao, Yu Fang, and Hongxin Sun. "Dynamic viscoelasticity and hysteresis loss of carbon black filled rubber: Measurements and prediction." Polymer Composites, March 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29770.

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AbstractIt is found that the performance of the rubber bearing is dominated by the carbon black (CB) filled rubber whose dynamic mechanical properties are sensitive to frequency, temperature, and strain amplitude. Due to viscoelasticity, the hysteresis loss represents energy dissipation, which can reflect the damping capacity of the CB‐filled rubber. Besides, the energy dissipation is positively correlated with the loss modulus. However, in practice, the rubber bearing is only considered a structural vibration measure, which keeps in service for a long time under various loading conditions. Th

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Markus, Rütten, and Wünsch Olaf. "Heat Transfer Dependent Vortex Shedding of Thermo-Viscous Shear-Thinning Fluids." June 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1131305.

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Non-Newtonian fluid properties can change the flow behaviour significantly, its prediction is more difficult when thermal effects come into play. Hence, the focal point of this work is the wake flow behind a heated circular cylinder in the laminar vortex shedding regime for thermo-viscous shear thinning fluids. In the case of isothermal flows of Newtonian fluids the vortex shedding regime is characterised by a distinct Reynolds number and an associated Strouhal number. In the case of thermo-viscous shear thinning fluids the flow regime can significantly change in dependence of the temperature

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Cheng, Xiao, Bin Zhong, and Zhishen Wu. "Material-specific coefficients C1 and C2 in Williams-Landel-Ferry equations and phase transition behaviors of asphalt binder reinforced by various basalt fibers." Case Studies in Construction Materials, August 2024, e03619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03619.

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