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1

Akhmatov, Vladislav. "Full-Load Converter Connected Asynchronous Generators for MW Class Wind Turbines." Wind Engineering 29, no. 4 (June 2005): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952405774857833.

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Wind turbines equipped with full-load converter-connected asynchronous generators are a known concept. These have rating up to hundreds of kW and are a feasible concept for MW class wind turbines and may have advantages when compared to conventional wind turbines with directly connected generators.* The concept requires the use of full-scale frequency converters, but the mechanical gearbox is smaller than in conventional wind turbines of the same rating. Application of smaller gearbox may reduce the no-load losses in the wind turbines, which is why such wind turbines with converter connected generators may start operation at a smaller wind speed. Wind turbines equipped with such converted connected asynchronous generators are pitch-controlled and variable-speed. This allows better performance and control. The converter control may be applied to support the grid voltage at short-circuit faults and to improve the fault-ride-through capability of the wind turbines, which makes the concepts relevant for large wind farms. The Danish transmission system operator Energinet-DK has implemented the general model of wind turbines equipped with converter connected asynchronous generators with the simulation tool Powerfactory (DlgSilent). The article presents Energinet-DK's experience of modeling this feasible wind turbine concept.
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2

Sheryazov, Saken Koishybayevich, Sultanbek Sansyzbayevich Issenov, and Argyn Bauyrzhanuly Kaіdar. "EVOLUTION OF ENERGY CONVERTERS FOR WIND TURBINES." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 1.2021 (March 29, 2021): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/fxjn4704.

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A wind generator system requires a power conversion circuit called a power converter that is capable of regulating the generator frequency and line voltage. Several types of converter topologies have been developed over the past decades; each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, there are mainly two converter topologies used in industrial wind turbines. Most of the proposed converters require line filters and transformers to improve the power quality and raise the voltage level accordingly. These heavy and bulky components add significantly to tower construction, turbine installation and maintenance costs. Recent advances in power semiconductors and magnetic materials have led to the development of new converter designs that could be a possible solution to reduce the size, weight and cost of power converters. This article provides an in-depth study of energy converter technology, ongoing research and development.
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3

Leila, Merabet, Mekki Mounira, Ourici Amel, and Saad Salah. "Modelling and control of wind turbine doubly fed induction generator with MATLAB simulink." Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v7i2.2714.

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This paper describes the modelling and control system of a wind turbine, using a doubly fed induction generator. This configuration makes the wind turbine suitable for variable speed wind energy application. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator, and it is transmitted to the grid by the stator and the rotor windings. The control system generates voltage command signals for rotor converter and grid converter, respectively, in order to control the power of the wind turbine. Reactive power exchanged with the network through the converters is set to 0 VAr. The control strategy has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results are presented and discussed in the conclusions. Keywords: Wind energy, doubly fed induction generator, grid power, modelling, control.
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4

Quester, Matthias, Fisnik Loku, Otmane El Azzati, Leonel Noris, Yongtao Yang, and Albert Moser. "Investigating the Converter-Driven Stability of an Offshore HVDC System." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082341.

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Offshore wind farms are increasingly built in the North Sea and the number of HVDC systems transmitting the wind power to shore increases as well. To connect offshore wind farms to adjacent AC transmission systems, onshore and offshore modular multilevel converters transform the transmitted power from AC to DC and vice versa. Additionally, modern wind farms mainly use wind turbines connected to the offshore point of common coupling via voltage source converters. However, converters and their control systems can cause unwanted interactions, referred to as converter-driven stability problems. The resulting instabilities can be predicted by applying an impedance-based analysis in the frequency domain. Considering that the converter models and system data are often confidential and cannot be exchanged in real systems, this paper proposes an enhanced impedance measurement method suitable for black-box applications to investigate the interactions. A frequency response analysis identifies coupling currents depending on the control system. The currents are subsequently added to the impedance models to achieve higher accuracy. The proposed method is applied to assess an offshore HVDC system’s converter-driven stability, using impedance measurements of laboratory converters and a wind turbine converter controller replica. The results show that the onshore modular multilevel converter interacts with AC grids of moderate short-circuit ratios. However, no interactions are identified between the offshore converter and the connected wind farm.
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5

Thayumanavan, Porselvi, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, Umashankar Subramaniam, Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Zbigniew Leonowicz, and Massimo Mitolo. "Combined Harmonic Reduction and DC Voltage Regulation of A Single DC Source Five-Level Multilevel Inverter for Wind Electric System." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060979.

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Wind power generation has increased in the past twenty years due to the development of power electronic converters. Power generation through wind has advantages over other renewable sources, such as having more efficiency, being pollution-free, and its abundant availability. Power electronic converters play a vital role in the wind energy conversion system. This paper presents a wind-electric system with a permanent magnet synchronous generator, diode rectifier, DC-DC converter (buck-Boost or Cuk converter), and a three-phase five-level inverter. The five-level inverter is a modified form of a cascaded H-bridge inverter that uses a single DC source as an input irrespective of several levels and phases. As the wind speed changes, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) voltage and frequency changes, but for practical applications, these changes should not be allowed; hence, a voltage controller is used that maintains the output voltage of a DC converter, andthus a constant AC output is obtained. The DClink voltage is maintained at the desired voltage by a Proportional plus Integral (PI)-based voltage controller. The DC link voltage fed to the multilevel inverter (MLI) is converted to AC to feed the load. The MLI is controlled with a new Selected Harmonic Elimination (SHE), which decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD). The system is simulated with an Resistive plus Inductive (RL) load and is tested experimentally with the same load;the results prove that the Cuk converter has a better efficiency compared to the Buck-Boost converter, and the system has less THD when compared with the conventional SHE Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique.
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6

Rannestad, Bjorn, Anders Eggert Maarbjerg, Kristian Frederiksen, Stig Munk-Nielsen, and Kristian Gadgaard. "Converter Monitoring Unit for Retrofit of Wind Power Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 5 (May 2018): 4342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2716946.

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7

Shafiee, Mahmood, Michael Patriksson, Ann-Brith Strömberg, and Lina Bertling Tjernberg. "Optimal Redundancy and Maintenance Strategy Decisions for Offshore Wind Power Converters." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 22, no. 03 (June 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539315500151.

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Analysis of field failure data collected from various wind farm databases indicates that the power converters are among the most critical components in offshore wind turbines, since they suffer from a high failure rate. One efficient approach to enhance the reliability and availability of the wind power systems is through using a redundant converter design, in which a set of power converters is placed together in parallel. The main advantage of a multiple parallel converter system is that the failure of one converter will not necessarily lead to the failure of the entire system. It may however increase the wind turbine's acquisition cost, volume, and weight. In this paper, we propose an approach of joint redundancy and maintenance strategy optimization for offshore wind power converters, aiming to simultaneously determine the "optimal allocation of redundant converters" and the "optimal threshold number of converters that are allowed to fail before sending a maintenance crew to the offshore platform". The optimal solution under various system-level constraints (such as reliability, weight, and the available space in nacelle) is derived and the conditions required to make using a redundant system beneficial are discussed. The proposed design is applied to an offshore wind turbine system and its performance is evaluated using a Monte-Carlo simulation technique. Finally, the results are compared with the conventional power converter system and a sensitivity analysis is conducted in order to make the proposed approach applicable for the next generation of wind turbines.
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8

Sharma, Himanshu, Nitai Pal, Pankaj Kumar, and Ashiwani Yadav. "A control strategy of hybrid solar-wind energy generation system." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0018.

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AbstractSynchronization in the energy generated by renewable energy sources is one of the significant issue associated with the converter used in the system module. The presented paper concentrates on the design aspect of a PV and wind power input to a DC-DC converter which can be practically useful in hybrid renewable energy power systems. In this regard, the proposed converter can be utilized to obtain a smooth regulated output voltage from the given input renewable energy power sources. The proposed converter can be efficiently work under critical conditions having very few ripple in current waveform of input or output. A major advantage with this type of converter is the simple circuit with respect to the conventional converters in some critical situations. At the end, the result based on the simulation exercise and various experiments, performance of the converter in different situations is presented so that the efficiency of the designed converter arrangement is accepted.
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9

Buswig, Y. M. Y., Wahyu Mulyo Utomo, Zainal Alam Haron, and S. S. Yi. "Multi-Input Boost Converter for Hybrid PV and Wind Generator Systems." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.619.

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A renewable energy source that works alone can’t achieve customers’ requirements for a stable power supply. Therefore, the paper proposes a multi-input converter for hybrid renewable energy system. This converter is designed for two input sources, PV and wind generator in order to design high efficiency and high performance converters for renewable energy applications. The proposed multi-input converter is composed by interleaved technique with two step-up converters and the two inputs are accommodated with some extra semiconductors, inductances and diodes. The modes of operation based on the status of the four switches, where S1 and S2 operate as main switches in order to deliver energy from both voltage sources. A constant output power to the load is provided by switching S3 switch, which guarantied the appropriate output voltage by reduce the ripple and improve the reliability. Simulations of multi-input converter has been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method, which can be seen as a promising new topology that ensure multi-input converter suitable for renewable energy applications.
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10

Lazarov, Vladimir, Daniel Roye, Zahari Zarkov, and Dimitar Spirov. "Analysis of DC converters for wind generators." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 22, no. 2 (2009): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0902235l.

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The present paper investigates the system behavior of a rectifier and a DC boost converter used in a wind generator with variable speed. In many cases a combination of diode rectifier and a DC boost converter is used as interface between the generator and the inverter in order to match the requirements for the DC bus voltage. Different models of the converters have been developed in Malab/Simulink and PSPICE environments. Comparison between the simulations and experiments is shown. The power losses are also discussed. .
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11

Gajewski, Piotr, and Krzysztof Pieńkowski. "Advanced control of direct-driven PMSG generator in wind turbine system." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0045.

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Abstract The paper presents the advanced control system of the wind energy conversion with a variable speed wind turbine. The considered system consists of a wind turbine with the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), machine side converter (MSC), grid side converter (GSC) and control circuits. The mathematical models of a wind turbine system, the PMSG generator and converters have been described. The control algorithms of the converter systems based on the methods of vector control have been applied. In the advanced control system of the machine side converter the optimal MPPT control method has been used. Additionally the pitch control scheme is included in order to achieve the limitation of maximum power and to prevent mechanical damage of the wind turbine. In the control system of the grid side converter the control of active and reactive power has been applied with the application of Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). The performance of the considered wind energy system has been studied by digital simulation. The results of simulation studies confirmed the good effectiveness of the considered wind turbine system and very good performance of the proposed methods of vector control and control systems.
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12

Suresh, Dr K., A. R. Vijay Babu, and P. M. Venkatesh. "Grid Integrated Wind Energy Storage System for Linear and non-Linear Loads." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (November 27, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21859.

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The proposed system also has boost converter, bidirectional DC-DC converter and inverter for grid and wind energy integration. The boost inverter/buck rectifier in this system is controlled by ANFIS controller is for better output, boost and bidirectional DC-DC converters are controlled by PID controller in closed loop. Overall operations are based on modes main controller speedgoat, which is control the system operation in different modes. Any variation happening in the input, storage and load parameters speedgoat changing the mode and operate the system is in effective way. This paper presents harnessing of maximum wind energy from natural resource whenever it’s available. The power electronic converters role is important In between sources and load. The load may be linear and non-linear in nature, so converters performance decides the efficiency of the system. Proper controller can switch the converter in the desired time and improve the system performance and stability. Many controllers are suggests to control the converter to get better performance in at output side.
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13

Benjanarasut, Jirawut, and Bunlung Neammanee. "Control Techniques to Directly Parallel Line-Side Converters for Wind Energy System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.161.

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The direct paralleled converters can increase the power rating, reliability, efficiency, as well as decrease the cost and current/voltage ripples which are suitable for high power converters. However, when converters are in direct parallel, the circulating currents will be generated automatically. This will result in high current distortion which causes the line inductors saturation and damage the power switches; and therefore overall performance of the system will be degraded. This paper purposes a zero sequence current control technique to reduce the circulating current in directly parallel line-side converter of the wind energy conversion system. The case studies are carried out on a 2 MW wind turbine to investigate the effects of non-identical line inductors and PWM carrier phase shift of each converter to the circulating current. The simulation results confirm that zero sequence current controllers that can reduce the zero sequence current in any conditions. The dynamic responses of the direct parallel converters and a single converter are nearly the same but the direct parallel converters have better current ripple and THDi.
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14

Hsu, Yuan Yong, and Chuan Wen Lai. "Design and Implementation of Single-Stage Boost Converter in Wind Power System." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2690.

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A new boost converter without an inductor is proposed for a small-scale wind power generator system. Experiments were carried out to compare the output powers and power conversion efficiencies for the converter without an inductor and the one with an inductor. Experimental results for the converters operated at both constant resistance mode and constant voltage mode were given. It was found that efficiencies for the converter without an inductor and for the one with an inductor are essentially the same. The cost may be reduced since the inductor is not needed in the proposed boost converter without an inductor.
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15

Ismail, Adla, Lotfi Saidi, and Mounir Sayadi. "Wind turbine power converter fault diagnosis using DC-link voltage time–frequency analysis." Wind Engineering 43, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x19858252.

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With the developments in power electronic devices, there is increasing use of the insulated gate bipolar transistor devices in power converters. Power converters are more and more gaining attention in the wind energy conversion system. In this article, a grid-connected wind energy conversion system is considered. Wind energy conversion system optimal operation requires a diagnostic method for back-to-back power converter to be addressed in detail in this article. Therefore, an open-circuit switching fault diagnosis method for a back-to-back power converter is developed to improve the system reliability and optimize the produced power and also achieve its real operational cost. In this work, we investigate only the DC-Link voltage signal and we use the time–frequency analysis to achieve the diagnosis purpose. The scheduled diagnosis approach is divided into two tasks: the first one is the fault detection task and the second one is the fault localization task. The main novelty of the proposed diagnosis approach is to localize the appropriate faulty power converter, that is, rotor side power converter or grid side power converter. Also, this approach is able to localize faults when there is a simultaneous fault on both power converters. Simulations are carried out to verify the robustness of the proposed diagnosis approach. The achieved simulation results would help in diagnosing of Back-to-back power converter that would expectedly cancel the traditional diagnosis method.
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P, Senthilkumar. "Hybrid based Small Wind Generator with Boost Converter System." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190395.

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17

Nagarajan, C., and R. Prakash. "A digital signal processor based capacitor inductor inductor resonant converter for stand alone wind energy system using AC analysis." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (March 19, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i4.5.

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In this paper the CLL (capacitor inductor inductor) resonant converter (RC) with digital signal processor (DSP) based fuzzy controller for stand alone wind energy system has been estimated and the performance of the converter is analysed. The proposed converter has been analyses with the closed loop condition. The fuzzy controller regulates the output voltage with change of supply voltage and load disturbance are carried out. The controller performance of CLL RC is compared through simulation and experimental studies using TMS320F2407 processor. Keywords: Power electronics, DC-DC power converters, fuzzy control, wind energy system
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Li, Li Juan, You Gui Guo, and Ping Zeng. "Wind Power System Based on Multilevel Matrix Converter." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1372.

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A complete direct-driving wind power system consisting of wind turbine, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, multilevel matrix converter with voltage space vector modulation strategy is proposed in this paper. The simulation model is set up through Matlab/Simulink, and the results have verified the control strategy is feasible. Multilevel matrix converters are suitable for high- voltage application of wind power generation system, and it has laid a good basis for the real system development.
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19

Senthilnathan, Karthikrajan, and K. Iyswarya Annapoorani. "A Review on Back-to-Back Converters in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator based Wind Energy Conversion System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v2.i3.pp583-591.

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This paper presents a review on the application of back-to-back converters in the field of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). The wide applications of the back-to-back converters are power conditioning devices, micro grid, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), Renewable energy systems. The intention is to present an overview about the design considerations taken by various researchers in back-to-back converters in the field of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) and recent developments on it. Generally the configuration of back-to-back converters used are 12 pulse Voltage Source Converters (VSC), 12 pulse Current Source Converter (CSC), 9 Pulse Voltage Source Converter<em>.</em>
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20

J, Nandha Gopal, and Muthu Selvan N. B. "Performance analysis of PI and Fractional order PI Controlled Quadratic Boost Converter System using MATLAB/Simulink." Bulletin of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr2018.

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The depletion in the fossil fuel and increase in global warming has shifted the focus of researchers to green alternative energy. Wind power electrical generation is one such alternative where the kinetic energy of wind power is harnessed to generate green electrical power. India, being the fourth largest wind power generator has attracted numerous researchers towards the improvement of wind energy conversion system. This paper also presents improved controller techniques for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbine coupled with Cascaded Quadratic Boost Converter (QBC) and Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based inverter. The digital simulation and execution of PMSG based wind turbine a long with QB Converter and SVM Inverter in a closed loop is presented. The closed loop is realized using Proportional Integral (PI) and Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controllers. Initially, the AC power from PMSG wind turbine is converted to DC using bridge rectifier. The DC output from the rectifier is then boosted to the required level using quadratic boost converter. The output from QB converter is then fed to the SVM inverter. The closed loop investigations are carried with PI and FOPI controllers. The simulation results of both PI and FOPI controlled QBC are compared. The outcome of FOPI controller represents that the steady state error and settling time are reduced when compared to PI-controlled closed loop quadratic boost converter.
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21

Ahmad, Zameer, Jose Rueda Torres, Nidarshan Veera Kumar, Elyas Rakhshani, Peter Palensky, and Mart van der Meijden. "A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Based Method for FAPR Compliance Testing of the Wind Turbine Converters Control." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195203.

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A task for new power generation technologies, interfaced to the electrical grid by power electronic converters, is to stiffen the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) at the initial few milliseconds (ms) after any variation of active power balance. This task is defined in this article as fast active power regulation (FAPR), a generic definition of the FAPR is also proposed in this study. Converters equipped with FAPR controls should be tested in laboratory conditions before employment in the actual power system. This paper presents a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) based method for FAPR compliance testing of the wind turbine converter controls. The presented PHIL setup is a generic test setup for the testing of all kinds of control strategies of the grid-connected power electronic converters. Firstly, a generic PHIL testing methodology is presented. Later on, a combined droop- anFd derivative-based FAPR control has been implemented and tested on the proposed PHIL setup for FAPR compliance criteria of the wind turbine converters. The compliance criteria for the FAPR of the wind turbine converter controls have been framed based on the literature survey. Improvement in the RoCoF and and maximum underfrequency deviation (NADIR) has been observed if the wind turbine converter controls abide by the FAPR compliance criteria.
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22

Palanisamy, R., K. Vijayakumar, V. Venkatachalam, R. Mano Narayanan, D. Saravanakumar, and K. Saravanan. "Simulation of various DC-DC converters for photovoltaic system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp917-925.

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This work explains the comparison of various dc-dc converters for photovoltaic systems. In recent day insufficient energy and continues increasing in fuel cost, exploration on renewable energy system becomes more essential. For high and medium power applications, high input source from renewable systems like photovoltaic and wind energy system turn into difficult one, which leads to increase of cost for installation process. So the generated voltage from PV system is boosted with help various boost converter depends on the applications. Here the various converters are like boost converter, buck converter, buck-boost converter, cuk converter, sepic converter and zeta converter are analysed for photovoltaic system, which are verified using matlab / simulink.
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23

Shahid Lingasur. "Plan and Reproduction of Multi Input DC-DC Buck Converter for Coordinated Inexhaustible Vitality Produced System Using Fluffy (Fuzzy) Controller." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 04–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i3.5244.

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The target of this paper is to propose a Multi-input control converter for the cross breed framework so as to disentangle the power framework and lessen the expense. Sustainable power source advancements offers perfect, rich vitality accumulated from self re-establishing assets, for example, the sun, wind and so forth. As the power request expands, control disappointment additionally increments. Along these lines, sustainable power sources can be utilized to give steady loads. Another converter topology for half breed wind/photovoltaic vitality framework is proposed. Hybridizing sun oriented and wind control sources give a practical type of intensity age. The topology utilizes a combination of Buck converters. This design enables the two sources to supply the heap independently or at the same time contingent upon the accessibility of the vitality sources. Reproduction is done in MATLAB/SIMULINK programming and the consequences of the Buck converter and the hybridized converter are introduced.
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24

Karyś, Sławomir, and Paweł Stawczyk. "Cost-Effective Power Converters for Small Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185906.

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This paper presents AC/DC converters for cost-effective small wind turbine systems. The analysis focuses on reliable, sensor-less, and low-cost solutions. A recently developed type of the three phase AC/DC two-switch converter is compared, for the first time, using simulations and experiments, with two other converters. The operating principles and control methods are discussed. Simulation results are verified experimentally and interesting conclusions are drawn. It is shown that less known converters are also attractive solutions for use in small wind turbines.
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Luqman, Muhammad, Gang Yao, Lidan Zhou, Tao Zhang, and Anil Lamichhane. "A Novel Hybrid Converter Proposed for Multi-MW Wind Generator for Offshore Applications." Energies 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214167.

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Modern multi-MW wind generators have used multi-level converter structures as well as parallel configuration of a back to back three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) converters to reduce the voltage and current stress on the semiconductor devices. These configurations of converters for offshore wind energy conversion applications results in high cost, low power density, and complex control circuitry. Moreover, a large number of power devices being used by former topologies results in an expensive and inefficient system. In this paper, a novel bi-directional three-phase hybrid converter that is based on a parallel combination of 3L-NPC and ‘n’ number of Vienna rectifiers have been proposed for multi-MW offshore wind generator applications. In this novel configuration, total power equally distributes by sharing of total reference current in each parallel-connected generator side power converter, which ensures the lower current stress on the semiconductor devices. Newly proposed topology has less number of power devices compared to the conventional configuration of parallel 3L-NPC converters, which results in cost-effective, compact in size, simple control circuitry, and good performance of the system. Three-phase electric grid is considered as a generator source for implementation of a proposed converter. The control scheme for a directly connected three-phase source with a novel configuration of a hybrid converter has been applied to ratify the equal power distribution in each parallel-connected module with good power factor and low current distortion. A parallel combination of a 3L-NPC and 3L-Vienna rectifier with a three-phase electric grid source has been simulated while using MATLAB and then implemented it on hardware. The simulation and experimental results ratify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed system.
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26

Akhmatov, Vladislav. "Variable-Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators Part III: Model with the Back-to-back Converters." Wind Engineering 27, no. 2 (March 2003): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/03095240360698537.

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A model of the back-to-back converter is set up and implemented in the simulation tool PSS/E as a user-developed model. This model is applied with that of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), described in previous parts of this work [parts II and I]. The latter models variable-speed wind turbines in power stability investigations. Subjected to a short circuit fault, there will be a risk of converter blocking, followed by tripping of the wind turbine [1, 3]. The main reasons of blocking are over-current in the rotor converter and over-voltage in the dc-link. The DFIG model, with representation of the back-to-back converter, results in (a) more accurate replication of the current in the rotor converter and (b) improved computation of the dc-link voltage. These improvements are compared with the model with representation of the rotor converter only. Hence, the DFIG model with representation of the back-to-back converters might be preferred, in practical investigations of power system stability, to models with representation of the rotor converter only.
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27

Kocewiak, Łukasz Hubert, Jesper Hjerrild, and Claus Leth Bak. "Wind turbine converter control interaction with complex wind farm systems." IET Renewable Power Generation 7, no. 4 (July 2013): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0209.

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28

Xie, Kaigui, Zefu Jiang, and Wenyuan Li. "Effect of Wind Speed on Wind Turbine Power Converter Reliability." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2011.2179656.

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29

Zhou, La Wu, Shu Qi Shi, and Li Li. "Modeling and Experimental Study on Grid-Connected Inverter for Direct Drive Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 2186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.2186.

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This paper designs a dual topological structure of grid-connected inverter for high-power wind turbine, and introduces PWM converter's operational state. It establishes mathematical model of grid-side converter for wind turbine, then it puts forward the dual closed-loop vector control strategy of grid-side converter based on dq coordinate. The combination of the dual topological structure and decoupling control realize the functioning of high-power factor and two-way transmission of energy. Grid-side converter can stabilize DC side voltage during rapidly changed wind velocity which led to changes of output power in generator. Active or reactive output current can be adjusted independently. The hardware experiments and simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme in both the high stability accuracy and excellent property of grid-connected.
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30

Zhou, La Wu, Shu Qi Shi, and Li Li. "Modeling and Experimental Study on Grid-Connected Inverter for Direct Drive Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.625.

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This paper designs a dual topological structure of grid-connected inverter for high-power wind turbine, and introduces PWM converter's operational state. It establishes mathematical model of grid-side converter for wind turbine, then it puts forward the dual closed-loop vector control strategy of grid-side converter based on dq coordinate. The combination of the dual topological structure and decoupling control realize the functioning of high-power factor and two-way transmission of energy. Grid-side converter can stabilize DC side voltage during rapidly changed wind velocity which led to changes of output power in generator. Active or reactive output current can be adjusted independently. The hardware experiments and simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme in both the high stability accuracy and excellent property of grid-connected.
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31

Tiang, Tow Leong, and Dahaman Ishak. "Novel MPPT Control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System for Battery Energy Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5179.

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This paper presents a novel sensorless maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy for capturing the maximum energy from the fluctuating wind speed that being used in the stand-alone small scale variable speed wind turbine generator system (VSWTGS). The generated electricity from the wind turbine systems is used to charge battery energy storage. The whole system including the wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), power converter, filter and lead acid battery has been simulated in Matlab/SimPowerSystem simulation software. The MPPT controller is developed to function as a wind speed estimator to generate an appropriate duty cycle for controlling power MOSFET switch in of the boost converter in order to capture maximum power in variable wind speed. From the simulation results, the power converters and filters are showing good performance in charging the lead acid battery. Besides, the novel MPPT controller is capable of extracting the maximum power from the fluctuating wind speed and exhibits good performance in both steady state and transient condition.
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32

Chung, P. D. "Evaluation of Reactive Power Support Capability of Wind Turbines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 5211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3260.

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Reactive power plays an important role in the operation of power systems, especially in the case of wind energy integration. This paper aims to evaluate the reactive power support capability of wind turbines in both normal and voltage sag conditions. The three 2MW wind turbines studied are a fixed speed wind turbine and two variable speed wind turbines with full-scale and power-scale power converters. Comparison results indicate that at normal operation, the fixed speed wind turbine with a static synchronous compensator is able to consume the highest reactive power, while the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter can supply the highest reactive power. In case of low voltage, the fixed speed wind turbine with the static synchronous compensator can support the highest reactive power if the static synchronous compensator’s capacity is similar to the wind turbine’s capacity, while if its capacity is equal to 25% of the generator’s capacity, the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter has the best performance.
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33

Fischer, Katharina, Karoline Pelka, Sebastian Puls, Max-Hermann Poech, Axel Mertens, Arne Bartschat, Bernd Tegtmeier, Christian Broer, and Jan Wenske. "Exploring the Causes of Power-Converter Failure in Wind Turbines based on Comprehensive Field-Data and Damage Analysis." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040593.

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Power converters are among the most frequently failing components of wind turbines. Despite their massive economic impact, the actual causes and mechanisms underlying these failures have remained in the dark for many years. In view of this situation, a large consortium of three research institutes and 16 companies, including wind-turbine and component manufacturers, operators and maintenance-service providers has joined forces to identify the main causes and driving factors of the power-converter failures in wind turbines to create a basis for effective remedial measures. The present paper summarizes and discusses the results of this research initiative, which have been achieved through the evaluation of converter-specific failure and operating data of a large and diverse worldwide wind-turbine fleet, field measurements as well as post-mortem investigation of returned converter components. A key conclusion of the work is that the thermal-cycling induced fatigue of bond-chip contacts and die-attach solder, which is a known issue in other fields of power-electronics applications and which has been widely assumed to be the principle damage mechanisms also in wind turbines, is no relevant contributor to the observed converter failures in this application. Instead, the results indicate that environmental factors such as humidity and contamination but also design and quality issues as well as human errors play an important part in the incidence of these failures.
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34

Jiahui, Wu, Wang Haiyun, Wang Weiqing, and Zhang Qiang. "Three-terminal Hybrid HVDC Transmissions Control Strategies for Bundled Wind-thermal Power Plants." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001610010156.

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This paper evaluates application feasibility of a Hybrid Multi-terminal HVDC system and wind-thermal-bundled plants simulated in DIgSLIENT PowerFactory environment. The proposed hybrid MTDC system consists of two line-communicated converters (LCC), which are connected to both wind farms and thermal power plants, and one voltage source converter (VSC) at the grid side. Control strategies for each converter are designed to handle this system under different disturbance conditions. Simulation results show that the wind power fluctuation can be compensated by the thermal-generated power. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies of the hybrid MTDC system compared to a conventional MTDC system. The proposed scheme combines advantages of both LCC and VSC HVDC systems and provides a new way to transmit wind power over long distances to the main grid.
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35

El Azzaoui, Marouane, Hassane Mahmoudi, and Karima Boudaraia. "Backstepping Control of wind and photovoltaic hybrid Renewable Energy System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp677-687.

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<p>This paper deals with the interconnected grid hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). The wind energy conversion system (WECS), is built around a wind turbine coupled to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The stator of DFIG is directly related to the grid and the rotor is connected to the grid through back-to-back power converters. The proposed algorithm combines the nonlinear Backstepping approach and the eld orientation applied to control the DFIG. In a rst step, this technique is applied to the side converter rotor (RSC), to control the electromagnetic torque and reactive power, and secondly, it is applied to the grid side converter (GSC) to control the power exchanged with the grid and regulate the DC bus voltage. The PV energy system is composed by the PV array and the DC-DC boost converter which controlled by the MPPT method to extract the optimal power. Simulations results present the performances in terms of set point tracking, stability, and robustness with respect to the variation in wind speed and irradiation.</p>
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36

Liu, Shu Xi, Shan Li, and Juan He. "Unity Power Factor Control of a Direct-Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind-Power Generator Based on Three-Level Converter." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2227.

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Direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) has become an important research subject besides the double-fed induction generator. With the increasing of unit capacity, the study of topology of high power converters based on multi-level converter is attracting more and more attention. The study of vector control of the direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines based on three-level converter is carried out in this paper. Based on the maximum wind-energy capture control of the PMSG, the unity power factor operation of PMSG is realized by controlling the d-axis current to zero in the generator-side converter. A detailed comparative study of two-level system and three-level system is conducted. The simulation results verify the validity of this algorithm.
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37

Agelidis, Vassilios G., and Christos Mademlis. "Technology of Offshore Wind Turbines and Farms and Novel Multilevel Converter-Based HVDC Systems for Their Grid Connections." Wind Engineering 26, no. 6 (November 2002): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952402765173376.

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The technology associated with offshore wind farms is discussed in detail. First, the various offshore wind turbines are reviewed and the factors influencing their characteristics are outlined in comparison with their onshore counterparts. This overview serves as a basis for the discussion that follows regarding the possible electrical connection within the farm, and between the farm and the grid. Voltage-source converter-based HV DC connection is compared with HVAC connection. Finally, a novel multilevel converter-based HVDC system, based on flying capacitor multilevel converters is proposed, as a possible interface between the farm and the grid.
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38

Fandi, Ghaeth, Famous Omar Igbinovia, Josef Tlusty, and Rateb Mahmoud. "Voltage regulation and power losses reduction in a wind farm integrated MV distribution network." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2018-0012.

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Abstract A medium-voltage (MV) wind production system is proposed in this paper. The system applies a medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as well as MV interconnection and distribution networks. The simulation scheme of an existing commercial electric-power system (Case A) and a proposed wind farm with a gearless PMSG insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power electronics converter scheme (Case B) is compared. The analyses carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment shows an enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses, thus, efficiency in installed IGBT power electronics devices in the wind farm. The resulting wind energy transformation scheme is a simple and controllable medium voltage application since it is not restrained by the IGBT power electronics voltage source converter (VSC) arrangement. Active and reactive power control is made possible with the aid of the gearless PMSG IGBT power converters.
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39

Pozo, Borja, José Ángel Araujo, Henrik Zessin, Loreto Mateu, José Ignacio Garate, and Peter Spies. "Mini Wind Harvester and a Low Power Three-Phase AC/DC Converter to Power IoT Devices: Analysis, Simulation, Test and Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186347.

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Wind energy harvesting is a widespread mature technology employed to collect energy, but it is also suitable, and not yet fully exploited at small scale, for powering low power electronic systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems like structural health monitoring, on-line sensors, predictive maintenance, manufacturing processes and surveillance. The present work introduces a three-phase mini wind energy harvester and an Alternate Current/Direct Current (AC/DC) converter. The research analyzes in depth a wind harvester’s operation principles in order to extract its characteristic parameters. It also proposes an equivalent electromechanical model of the harvester, and its accuracy has been verified with prototype performance results. Moreover, unlike most of the converters which use two steps for AC/DC signal conditioning—a rectifier stage and a DC/DC regulator—this work proposes a single stage converter to increase the system efficiency and, consequently, improve the energy transfer. Moreover, the most suitable AC/DC converter architecture was chosen and optimized for the best performance taking into account: the target power, efficiency, voltage levels, operation frequency, duty cycle and load required to implement the aforementioned converter.
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40

Li, Dan-Yun, Qun-Tai Shen, Zhen-Tao Liu, and Hui Wang. "Control of a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion Systemvia a Third-Harmonic Injection Indirect Matrix Converter." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0438.

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A stand-alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation system using a third-harmonic injection indirect matrix converter (THIIMC) is proposed. The THIIMC has the same performance of a back-to-back pulse width modulation converter, but does not require the bulky direct current (dc)-link capacitor. Because of both its compact construction and high reliability, it is very suitable for embedding into DFIG-based wind generators. It also overcomes the drawbacks of indirect matrix converters and improves the reactive power output capability. The THIIMC consists of a rectifier-side converter, an inverter-side converter (ISC), and an active third-harmonic current injection circuit. A direct stator voltage vector control scheme for the ISC provides the desired stator voltage to the loads. The control scheme is designed to compensate the reactive power of the loads based on the THIIMC working principle. Maximum power point tracking control is performed by a battery energy storage system, which is placed in the dc-link of the THIIMC to smooth out the power fluctuations caused by load or wind speed variations. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed topology and control scheme.
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41

Mlodzikowski, Pawel, Adam Milczarek, and Mariusz Malinowski. "Application of Simplified Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Converter in a Small Wind Turbine." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2014-0001.

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Abstract In low power distributed generation systems low cost together with the energy quality requirements are a key element. It is known that quality of voltage waveforms generated from multilevel converters is better in comparison with those from two-level. Due to advancements in power electronics and microcontrollers, multilevel converters are being built with the use of integrated power modules thus this type of converters are getting more compact in size. This paper investigates performance of a derivation from the most popular multilevel topology - a neutral point clamped converter (NPC). Applying the idea for simplifying the topology by reducing the number of switches (what came from drives) this NPC converter is capable of bidirectional AC/DC/AC operation. For the AC/DC part two schemes are tested: Direct Torque Control Space Vector Modulated and Field Oriented Control but for the DC/AC part a control scheme utilizing the proportional-resonant controller was chosen. Laboratory setup was based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator with control and acquisition completed with the help of dSpace 1005 control box. Experimental verification shows that system operates properly.
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42

El Karkri, Rey-Boué, EL Moussaoui, Stöckl, and Strasser. "Improved Control of Grid-connected DFIG-based Wind Turbine using Proportional-Resonant Regulators during Unbalanced Grid." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 4041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214041.

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The quality of power and current control are the greatest challenges of grid-connected wind farms during abnormal conditions. The negative- and positive-sequence components of the grid currents may be injected into a wind generation system during grid faults, which can affect the power stability and damage the wind system. The proposed work assures a low-voltage ride through capability of doubly-fed induction generator- based wind turbines under the grid voltage sag. A new technique to protect the wind system and to recompense the reactive power during failures of the utility grid according to the Spanish grid code is proposed. The control design is implemented to the power converters, and the grid current regulation is developed by using proportional-resonant regulators in a stationary two-phase (αβ) reference frame. The control performance is significantly validated by applying the real-time simulation for the rotor-side converter and the hardware in the loop simulation technique for the experiment of the generator’s grid-side converter control.
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43

Fischer, Katharina, Michael Steffes, Karoline Pelka, Bernd Tegtmeier, and Martin Dörenkämper. "Humidity in Power Converters of Wind Turbines—Field Conditions and Their Relation with Failures." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071919.

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Power converters in wind turbines exhibit frequent failures, the causes of which have remained unexplained for years. Field-experience based research has revealed that power- and thermal-cycling induced fatigue effects in power electronics do not contribute significantly to the field failures observed. Instead, clear seasonal failure patterns point to environmental influences, in particular to humidity, as a critical stressor and likely driver of converter failure. In addition to the electrical operating conditions, it is therefore important to also identify and characterize the climatic conditions that power converters in wind turbines are exposed to, both as a contribution to root-cause analysis and as a basis for the derivation of suitable test procedures for reliability qualification of components and systems. This paper summarizes the results of field-measurement campaigns in 31 wind turbines of seven different manufacturers spread over three continents. The temperature and humidity conditions inside the converter cabinets are characterized and related to the environmental conditions of the turbines and to their operation. The cabinet-internal climate is found to be subject to pronounced seasonal variations. In addition to the site-specific ambient climatic conditions and the operation of the turbines, the converter cooling concept is identified to significantly influence the climatic conditions inside the power cabinets.
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44

Aguemon, Dourodjayé Pierre, Richard Gilles Agbokpanzo, and Frédéric Dubas. "Analysis on the Topology and Control of Power Electronics Converters for Wind Energy Conversion Systems." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210819.

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Power Electronics converters become nowadays the most important part in Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). They are an intermediate between the generator and grid to achieve low cost, high power density and reliability. This paper deals with the analysis on the topology and control of the most power Electronics Converters for generators using in WECS. Design, (dis)advantages, and market penetration are analyzed and discussed. The control includes maximum power point tracking, dc bus voltage control, balancing of the dc capacitor voltages, and reactive power generation are also analyzed. Simulations have been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK on the control strategies for the case of back to back converter with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) demonstrating its good potential to meet the grid connection requirements. Keywords: Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), power electronics converters, back to back converter, maximum power point tracking, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
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45

Rannestad, Bjorn, Peter Nielsen, Stig Munk-Nielsen, Kristian Gadgaard, and Soren Jorgensen. "Converter monitoring in a wind turbine application." Microelectronics Reliability 88-90 (September 2018): 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2018.07.125.

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46

Kana, C. L., M. Thamodharan, and A. Wolf. "System management of a wind-energy converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 16, no. 3 (May 2001): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.923770.

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47

Perelmuter, A. V., M. F. Mikitarenko, and S. I. Nechaev. "Outlook of the Wind Energy Converter Towers." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 29, no. 3-4 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v29.i3-4.300.

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48

Lin, Zi Xu, and Hong Hua Xu. "High Power Rate Wind Turbine Converter Technology." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.529.

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Wind power converter device and its control system is the main research part of wind turbine. This paper, combining the technology developing trend of DFIG(double-fed induction generator) and FPWT (full power wind turbine), describes the implementation of converter devices and the strategies for LVRT, under unbalanced voltage, and gives the zero voltage ride through waveforms for DFIG
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49

Smith, G. A. "A novel converter for VSCF wind turbines." Renewable Energy 9, no. 1-4 (September 1996): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88414-x.

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50

Zhang, Jingxuan, Hexu Sun, Dianshun Lv, Zhiran Dong, and Ziang Gao. "Reliability Study of Wind Turbine Power Converter with Multiple Wind Speed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 032117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/3/032117.

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