Dissertations / Theses: 'Wind energy potential'

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Green, Michael Paul. "Using Mesoscale Meteorological Models to Assess Wind Energy Potential." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1275.

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As the demand for safe and clean electricity increases, the New Zealand wind energy industry seems poised to expand. Many generating companies have projects in the planning stage and there are likely to be many more potential sites yet to be identified. Reliable wind climate predictions over a wide area and for different heights above grounds are often vital to determine the viability of wind farm projects. This study investigates the use of meteorological mesoscale models to determine the wind and energy resource, particularly in areas of complex terrain. Complex terrain environments are likely to be typical of where New Zealand wind energy developments will take place. Using the prognostic mesoscale meteorological model TAPM (The Air Pollution Model), regions of relatively high mean wind speed were identified for a number of regions, including Banks Peninsula and parts of Canterbury and Otago. The simulations were conducted for a one-year period (2001) and at different heights above ground level. Depending on the resolution of the model calculations, speed-up effects from the forcing of some topographic features were accounted for by this model. Where the modelling was considered reliable, hourly wind data were obtained from grid points within the inner grid and used as input data for the industry-standard wind energy assessment model WAsP (The Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program). As WAsP is able to account for detailed topography and surface roughness features, wind and energy predictions at a specific site or over a wider area surrounding the site were made. Limitations of both models in complex terrain were identified. These limitations were due to a number of factors, including the grid spacing used for mesoscale model calculations, the complexity of the terrain, and difficulties in modelling some regional scale airflow regimes. Being aware of when and where model limitations are likely to occur is important in being able to overcome and account for them.

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Mentis, Dimitrios. "Wind Energy Assessment in Africa; A GIS-based approach." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125744.

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This study analyses the potential of onshore wind power on the African continent. Appropriate socio-economic and geographical constraints as well as current technology’s efficiencies are applied in order to reach the desired result. The current energy access in Africa is described to illustrate the need of promoting the wind power penetration on the continent. The existing as well as the under construction wind farms are mapped. Thereafter, the methodology of approaching the resource assessment is analyzed. For the energy generation assessment, not only wind speed strength but also its probability of occurrence over a certain period of time is important and thus considered in this study. High resolution wind speed data from Vortex and lower resolution daily wind speed data are combined and processed in order to obtain a fine wind speed distribution and thus wind energy production generated by selected wind turbine models. The different categories of wind power potential are defined and evaluated. Additionally, screening criteria regarding the localization of wind farms are outlined and implemented through GIS analysis. Subsequently interactive maps are prepared. ArcGIS software is used in order to capture, store and manipulate the required data and to obtain a holistic view of the study. The study is conducted at a continental level using a 1km×1km (longitude, latitude) land-use grid as the finest resolution. Ultimately the results of this work are presented and compared with similar approaches and significant conclusions are drawn. Based on the analysis there are some countries that signify high yearly wind energy yield, such as South Africa, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Mauritania, Tunisia and Morocco, whilst Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Burundi, Liberia, Benin and Togo indicate the least wind power potential. Also important future work is suggested. Denna studie analyserar potentialen för landbaserad vindkraft på den afrikanska kontinenten. Lämpliga socioekonomiska och geografiska begränsningar samt aktuella vindkraftverkens effektkurvor tillämpas för att nå det önskade resultatet. Den nuvarande tillgången till energi i Afrika beskrivs för att illustrera behovet av att främja vinkraftens penetration på kontinenten. De befintliga vindkraftverken såväl som de under konstruktion kartläggs. Därefter analyseras metoden för att närma sig resurs bedömningen. Bedömningen av energiproduktion och vindhastighet samt dess sannolikhet att inträffa under en viss tid är både viktigt och nödvändigt för denna studie. De olika kategorierna av potential för vindkraftverk definieras och utvärderas. Dessutom beskrivs kriterier av lokalisering för vindkraftverk och genomförs genom GIS-analys. Därefter förbereds interaktiva kartor. ArcGIS software används för att fånga, lagra och manipulera data som krävs samt för att få en helhetssyn av studien. Studien genomförs vid en kontinental nivå genom att använda en 1 km x 1 km (longitud, latitud) rutnät för markanvändning med den finaste upplösningen. Slutligen presenteras resultaten av detta arbete och jämförs med liknande metoder, viktiga slutsatser dras samt viktigt framtida arbete föreslås.

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Gough, Matthew Brian. "Assessing the potential for urban wind energy in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27812.

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As the demand for alternative and renewable sources of energy grows worldwide, it has been argued that small-scale Urban Wind Energy (UWE) could have the potential to provide a significant portion of the electricity demand for urban areas. However there is currently a lack of knowledge surrounding the realisable potential for UWE, especially in the South African context. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential for UWE and the barriers acting against its widespread uptake, it is essential to first quantify the resource potential. This study appraise and evaluate the UWE resource potential at six locations in Cape Town, South Africa in order to gain a solid understanding of the UWE resource potential and thus begin to build the knowledge base around UWE. In order to meet the research objectives, wind data was obtained from the South African Weather Service for six locations in Cape Town at five minute recording intervals for a period of two years. These locations were: The Royal Cape Yacht Club located in the Table Bay harbour, the Astronomical Observatory located in Observatory, and the Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens located in Kirstenbosch, the Molteno reservoir located in Oranjezicht, the Automatic Weather station located near the Cape Town International Airport as well as the Cape Town Weather Office (WO) station which is also located at the Cape Town International Airport. The data sets are then analysed using a script written in the programming language R in order to quantify the wind energy resource potential of the chosen locations. The wind energy resource potential of each site was combined with four commercially available wind turbines power curves in order to calculate the expected annual energy production values of the various turbines at the each of the locations. Results from this study highlight the significant variability resource potential of the wind regime that occurs between the six locations. The lowest yearly average wind speed was 2.044m/s which was recorded at the Kirstenbosch recording station, while the highest average wind speed was 5.06m/s which was recorded at the WO station. The average of all six stations for the two year period was 3.24m/s. Therefore the WO station had the highest energy potential with a value of 1474 kWh/m²/year and the station with the lowest energy potential was the Kirstenbosch station with a value of 80 kWh/m²/year. Combining these resource potential values with power cures from four commercially available wind turbines yields the Annual Energy Production (AEP) values for the chosen site and wind turbine. These AEP values also varied drastically with the high of 4304 kWh/year being calculated for the SkyStream turbine at the WO station and a low of just 0.66 kWh/year being calculated at the Kirstenbosch station with the Turby turbine. This variability hampers the wide spread uptake of small scale wind power as the results from one area cannot be reliably used to infer the wind resource potential at another nearby site. Out of the six chosen locations in the Cape Town area, three of the locations (Royal Cape Yacht Club, the Automatic Weather Station (AWS), and the Cape Town Weather Office (WO)) showed potential for the installation of a small scale wind turbine, with the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) performing better than the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs). This is possibly due to the lower cut in wind speeds of the HAWTs compared to the cut in wind speeds for the VAWTs. The conclusions of this study show that the UWE resource potential in Cape Town is characterised by high resource variability between the various locations. Three of the six locations that were evaluated showed potential for UWE installations. This study has identified the major challenges associated with UWE to be the turbulence, lower hub heights of the wind turbines (this study used 20m as the standard hub height), and variability of the wind regime between locations.

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Mummery, Robert. "What are the uncertainties and potential impacts of "Brexit"/the EU referendum result on the UK wind energy sector?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393318.

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This study examines the potential effects of Brexit on the wind power industry within the UK. It became apparent that in order to reach the objective that the approach of the research needed to be broadened as it was found that Brexit has potential effects in many areas of the UK's electricity industry, including the import and export of electricity and the associated fuels used in the generation of electricity. It was found that in the event of a hard Brexit, one with no deal, that the UK's physical connections by undersea cables with the EU may be disrupted. There is a raft of legislation within the Internal Energy Market (IEM) governing this issue that will need a complete rewrite should the UK be forced to leave the IEM. Consideration was given to the effect of Brexit on the three main traditional methods used to generate electricity in the UK, coal, gas and nuclear power and how wind powered energy could be used to fill any shortfall directly or indirectly caused by Brexit. The UK Government has pledged to eradicate the use of coal in generating electricity by 2025 so the study considered only the short term effect of this. For gas, the UK is a net importer, albeit mainly from outside the EU, so the implications of Brexit on gas fired generation of electricity were discussed and found to be negligible. For nuclear powered electricity generation the implications were found to be more serious. The UK would have to resign its membership of Euratom, the European Atomic Agency Community. The potential implications of this include, limited access to nuclear fuel, and reduced participation into nuclear research carried out by the EU. The scope of Euratom also includes a large variety of areas including the safeguarding of nuclear materials in storage and in transit along with radiation protection. Plans by two Japanese companies to build new nuclear power stations in the UK have been shelved with Brexit adding to the uncertainty of their viability. It was found that the combined implications of the above could result in a shortfall in the medium term provision of electricity within the UK. Finally it was discussed whether or not wind powered energy could fill this void and it was found that the UK Government could overcome the deficiency by encouraging investment in wind power by increasing the value of their Contract for Difference, CfD, auctions.

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Tücer, Renas. "INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL REASONS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE UNDERPERFORMANCE OF AN OPERATIONAL WIND FARM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299538.

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Wind farms are costly projects and prior to the construction, comprehensive wind resource assessment processes are carried out in order to predict the future energy yield with a reliable accuracy. These estimations are made to constitute a basis for the financial assessment of the project. However, predicting the future always accommodates some uncertainties and sometimes these assessments might overestimate the production. Many different factors might account for a discrepancy between the pre-construction wind resource assessment and the operational production data. This thesis investigates an underperforming wind farm in order to ascertain the reasons of a discrepancy case. To investigate the case, the relevant data and information along with the actual production data of three years are shared with the author. Prior to the construction, a wind resource assessment was carried out by an independent wind consultancy company and the work overestimated the annual energy production (AEP) by 19.1% based on the average production value of available three years. An extensive literature review is performed to identify the possible contributing causes of the discrepancy. The data provided is investigated and a new wind resource assessment is carried out. The underestimation of the wind farm losses are studied extensively as a potential reason of the underperformance. For the AEP estimations, WAsP in WindPro interface and WindSim are employed. The use of WindSim led to about 2-2.5% less AEP estimations compared to the results of WAsP. In order to evaluate the influence of long term correlations on the AEP estimations, the climatology datasets are created using the two different reanalysis datasets (MERRA and CFSR-E) as long term references. WindSim results based on the climatology data obtained using the MERRA and CFSR-E datasets as long term references overestimated the results by 10.9% and 8.2% respectively.

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Juserius, Emma, and Filippa Ström. "The Potential of a Solar & Wind Hybrid System in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298975.

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As many other countries, Sri Lanka strives to become 100% renewable by 2050 through reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and implementing more renewable sources such as solar and wind power. A solution to the problem is therefore to install solar and wind hybrid systems. The country's geographic location near the equator makes the solar radiation high and can therefore be used to achieve the energy goal by 2050, both in an economical and environmental way. This study is therefore investigating Sri Lanka's potential to implement a solar and wind hybrid system. The aim of this study is to examine whether it is economically and environmentally profitable to construct a solar and wind power hybrid system in a household in Sri Lanka. The goal is to find the most economical optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system that is also environmentally sustainable. By compiling a literature study about the solar and wind hybrid system, an optimization could be made in the optimization programme HOMER. Data was collected for solar and wind power costs and Sri Lanka’s daily consumption of energy. Then HOMER produced the most optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system. The economical methods that were used were the net present value, the payback method and the internal rate of return, which all were solved in HOMER to reach the optimal dimension. The result showed an optimal dimension consisting of 5 kW PV and 1 kW wind power, which resulted in a profitable investment with a payback of 4 years and 10 months, and a NPV of 27,000 USD and also an internal rate of 20.6%. In addition, the renewable fraction was 48.5% for a household. Beyond the economical results a sensitivity analysis was made, which did not change the result for the optimal dimension. The conclusion can be drawn that the optimal dimension of the hybrid system is economically profitable and will befriend Sri Lanka’s goal of 100% renewable energy by 2050. However, even if the result showed a profitable investment, the investment costs are high, which means that only a few would afford the investment of a solar and wind hybrid system. Precis som många andra länder strävar Sri Lanka efter att enbart förlita sig på förnybar energi till år 2050 genom att ersätta den fossila produktionen med förnybara källor som sol- och vindkraft. En lösning på problemet är därför att installera hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Landets geografiska placering nära ekvatorn gör att solinstrålningen är hög, vilket medför att solceller skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent om Sri Lanka ska uppnå energimålen till 2050 på både ett ekonomiskt och miljövänligt sätt. Denna studie undersöker därför Sri Lankas potential att implementera ett hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det är ekonomiskt och miljömässigt lönsamt att konstruera ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem i ett hushåll i Sri Lanka. Målet är att hitta den optimala dimensioneringen för hybridsystemet som gynnas mest ekonomiskt och är miljömässigt hållbar. Genom att sammanställa en litteraturstudie om hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft kunde en optimering genomföras i syfte att erhålla det bäst dimensionerade hybridsystemet i optimeringsprogrammet HOMER. Data samlades in om kostnader för sol- och vindkraft samt om Sri Lankas dagliga konsumtion av energi i ett genomsnittligt hushåll som HOMER använde för att framställa den optimala dimensioneringen av ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem. De ekonomiska metoderna som användes för att beräkna den ekonomiska lönsamheten var nuvärdesmetoden, återbetalningsmetoden och internräntemetoden, vilka beräknades i HOMER för att komma fram till den optimala dimensioneringen. Resultatet visade att den optimala dimensioneringen utgörs av 5 kW solceller och 1 kW vindkraftverk som utgör en positiv lönsam investering med en återbetalning på 4 år och 10 månader samt ett nuvärde på 27 000 USD och en internränta på 20,6 %. Resultatet visade också en förnybar användning på 48,5 % för ett hushåll. Utöver de ekonomiska modellerna gjordes också en känslighetsanalys som indikerade på att förändring av de undersökta parametrarna inte hade tillräckligt stor inverkan på resultatet för att förändra den optimala dimensioneringen. Slutsatsen kan dras att den optimala dimensioneringen är ekonomiskt lönsam och kommer att gynna Sri Lanka mot målet att ha 100 % förnybar energi till 2050. Men även om resultatet visar på lönsam investering är investeringskostnaderna höga, vilket medför att endast ett fåtal skulle kunna ha råd att investera i hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft.

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Yebi, Adamu. "Techno-economic Assessment of Wind Energy to Supply the Demand of Electricity for a Residential Community in Ethiopia." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40914.

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The electricity sector is a major source of carbon dioxide emission that contributes to the global climate change. Over the past decade wind energy has steadily emerged as a potential source for low carbon energy source which are grown through time. As wind power generation increases around the world, there is increasing interest in adding intermittent power to the electricity grid and to design an off-grid wind energy system. The goal of the current thesis is to investigate techno-economically viable wind energy system that supplies electricity and Heat for a given residential community in Ethiopia. To ease the optimization process, HOMER software is used to identify the potential wind area and optimize cost effective wind energy system.

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Wade, Helen Mary. "Investigating the potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on seabirds." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/investigating-the-potential-effects-of-marine-renewable-energy-developments-on-seabirds(a13794b8-f416-4e96-8199-5fbd3af39d32).html.

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Marine renewable energy developments (MREDs) are becoming an increasing feature of the marine environment. Scotland has considerable potential for generating energy from the marine environment in the form of extensive wind, wave and tidal-stream resources. Scotland also hosts numerous internationally important breeding populations of seabirds and Scottish territorial waters represent a key overwintering area for many species. EU legislation requires that MREDs do not damage the integrity of protected seabird populations but potential effects of MREDs on seabirds are not yet fully understood. This thesis aims to address gaps in knowledge regarding how MREDs may affect seabird populations. I generate vulnerability and confidence indices to predict the effects of offshore wind, wave and tidal-stream renewable energy developments on Scottish seabird populations; track the movements of a seabird species identified as lacking in data to better understand overlap with MREDs; and investigate seabird use of a high current flow environment leased as a tidal-stream energy development site. Overall, this thesis indicates that seabird responses to MREDs are likely to be species-specific and will vary dependent on the development location and design of the energy generating technology. My findings indicate that effects of MREDs will differ dependent on individual foraging strategies, age and life stage of individuals, which implies that MREDs are likely to differently affect subsections of seabird populations.

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Johansson, Bo-Göran. "Market potential in Sweden of small wind power stations : MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4690.

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AIM: As global warming is a fact and the consumption of energy is continuously increasing, alternative sourcing of energy is a must. The use of oil and coal for heating is limited due to it is nature resource which is also limited. Everyone will be forced to evaluate their own usage of energy and look into the alternatives of how to be a part of solving this global issue. For many, alternatives such as sun panels and wind power stations could be an alternative power source. Today, there is only a limited availability in Sweden of small sized wind power stations and only small local producers or importers that sell the equipment – mostly through internet based market communications. Method: The theoretical approach to this thesis is based on the MIO model in combination with several other models and tools such as, PESTEL, Marketing Mix, SWOT, Porter’s five forces, EVC and STP. Result & Conclusions: There is a market for small wind power stations between 5 – 50 kW in Sweden.The biggest reason why the market segment exist and will increase is due to continuously increasing energy prices and that wind power stations of this size are permitted to be connected directly to household consumption. Suggestions for future research: How are other energy complements like solar panels influenced? What governmental decisions affect the business of small wind power stations? Contributions to the thesis: Success in this segment requires a different approach to product offering than what the current competition is doing.

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Khatab, Abdul Mouez. "Performance Analysis of Operating Wind Farms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331783.

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This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the performance of operating wind farms via the use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) and modeled data. The potential annual energy is calculated per individual turbine considering underperforming/loss events to have their power output in accordance with a representative derived operational power curve. Losses/underperformance events are calculated and categorized into several groups aiming at identifying and quantify their causes. The methodology requires both anemometry data from SCADA system as well as modeled data. The discrepancy of the data representing the valid points of the power curve is taken into consideration as well when assessing the performance, i.e. wind speed vs power output of events that are not loss/underperformance. Production loss and relative standard deviation of power output of what is defined as “valid sample” in this work (per each turbine) are the main results obtained in this work. Finally, a number of optimization measures are suggested in order to enhance the performance, which can lead to a boost in the financial output of a wind farm. Aiming at judging the reliability of the proposed methodology, a case study is conducted and evaluated. The investigated case study shows that the methodology is capable of determining potential energy and associated losses/underperformance events. Several questions were raised during the assessment and are discussed in this report, recommendation for optimization measures are presented at the end of the study. Also, a discussion on the limitations and uncertainties associated to the presented methodology and the case study.

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Christos, Stephen. "Investigation of the potential to implement offshore wind energy technology in Victoria, Australia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255674.

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In order to consolidate a sustainable renewable energy infrastructure, the Australian state of Victoria requires an advancement and development of any feasible renewable energy alternatives. There is a large onshore wind energy market in Victoria but the state currently has no offshore wind technology under consideration or proposal. Australia, and Victoria, has a vast coast line with desirable wind resources for offshore wind implementation. In order to definitively investigate the potential for such technology, a simulation was designed to test the amount of power that could be produced in Victoria by using real life wind speed data sets. The simulation output was analyzed in conjunction with an analysis of the social, political, environmental and economic considerations that could increase or decrease the potential for this technology. 11 simulation scenarios were tested and analyzed, two of which produced a positive net present value by the conclusion of its commissioned operational life. It was found that there is the potential for development of this technology within certain locations in Victoria but it would face several barriers to implementation. The most prominent barriers are competition with a thriving coal and fossil energy industry and competition with more economically desirable alternative renewable technologies such as onshore wind energy.

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Harris, James C. "Wind Energy Assessment and Visualization Laboratory Extra-Tall Tower Wind Resource Assessment: Icing Rules and Trends in the Data." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338490516.

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Mingaleeva, Renata. "Wind turbines application for energy savings in Gas transportation system." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149260.

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The Thesis shows the perspectives of involving renewable energy resources into the energy balance of Russia, namely the use of wind energy for the purpose of energy supply for the objects of the Russian Gas transportation system. The methodology of the wind energy technical potential calculation is designed and the wind energy technical potential assessment for onshore and offshore zones of Russia is presented. The analysis of Russian Gas transportation system in terms of energy consumption is carried out when comparing the map of wind resources in Russia with the map of Russian Gas transportation system and the perspective of wind turbines installation is shown in order to offset energy consumption of the selected object of the Gas transportation system. The decision-making algorithm for wind turbines selection is developed for installation on the wind farm. Also indicators of investment attractiveness of the project of using wind turbines for compression stations energy supply were calculated.

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Unida, Roberto. "An investigation on the offshore wind energy potential in Italy and its deployment with floating turbines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The thesis aim is to offer a general assessment of potential of offshore wind deployment in Italy. More specifically, it aids with the identification of the most promising locations and estimates the levelized cost of energy of the areas found suitable. Furthermore, the thesis develops a simple technical feasibility study at one of these sites, which specifically focuses on the design of the wind turbines foundations, considering and comparing different geotechnical solutions. It is been found that, in Italy, the offshore area suitable for the installation of wind farms is approximately 110,000 km2, with an estimated theoretical annual energy production of 188.25 TWh, more than half of the Italian electricity need. Locations identified as promising are the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea of the Apulia region and the South-West part of Sicily. For these areas the LCOE analysis has yielded values ranging between 90 $/kWh to 130 $/kWh, in line with European average. The case of study indicated that anchors’ cost strongly depends on local met-ocean conditions, as it is found by comparing the results obtained for the Italian case study with Hywind Scotland pilot floating wind farm, used as benchmark. Comparison between two different anchor solutions has also shown that the foundation choice has also a significant impact on the overall cost for a plant set-up.

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Herbst, Lynette. "Projected potential for wind energy generation in South Africa under conditions of climate change." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53500.

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The South African wind energy sector is developing rapidly with numerous wind energy facilities currently being commissioned. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), some risks and opportunities for wind power generation as a result of climate change could be anticipated in future. The objectives of this study were therefore to: a. determine whether seasonal near-surface winds over South Africa, as generated by a Regional Climate Model (RCM) using boundary conditions supplied from coupled Global Circulation Models (GCMs), during a reference period of 1981 to 2005, are realistically represented; b. establish whether differences exist between seasonal near-surface winds calculated for the reference period (1981-2005) versus a projected period of 2051 to 2075, incorporating two future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5); c. determine the projected impact of climate change on wind power density. Wind output from sophisticated atmospheric models (GCMs) provides valuable information on projected changes in wind patterns as a result of climate change. Through the CORDEX-Africa (COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment) project, the so-called RCA4 RCM has, by dynamically downscaling eight GCMs, produced a substantial collection of regional climate simulations. RCA4 RCM data were employed in this study to determine the impacts of climate change on South African winds and wind power resources. Mean seasonal winds speeds were calculated for 1981 to 2005 for observed (ERA-Interim reanalysis) and RCA4 RCM output. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between ERA-Interim and RCA4 RCM simulations was calculated. Wind speed frequencies were then simulated from ERA-Interim and RCA4 RCM data for each season and for different speed categories. RCA4 RCM data were also verified independently against weather station data. The RCA4 RCM was found to perform well, but a positive bias in the simulations of winds was detected. Mean seasonal winds were calculated for the future period using RCA4 RCM output for the two pathways. Anomalies between RCA4 RCM output in the historical and future periods were then calculated and expressed as percentage changes in mean seasonal wind speeds. Wind speed frequencies of different categories were also simulated for the projected period under the two pathways. Anomalies between the historical and reference periods were also calculated for frequencies. Future projections indicate that parts of the country not typically considered as having substantial wind energy resources may become useful, such as north-eastern South Africa. As for the areas in which wind farms are currently being developed, mean wind speeds are projected to decrease by only 2% in two of the seasons, and to increase in the other two. RCA4 RCM data were corrected for biases. Corrected mean wind speeds were then used as input to the calculation of wind power density in the projected period. Wind power density is projected to remain fairly similar in the future period as the historical period, as wind speeds have been projected to change by a maximum of 9%, which is a very small change when considered in terms of wind power density calculations. Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015. Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology MSc Unrestricted

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Eramakkaveettil, Puthiyakath Jazeel. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE POTENTIAL OF ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM VEHICULAR MOTION INDUCED AIR FLOW IN MALAYSIA." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434817.

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With the rise in energy consumption and usage by an exploding human population and higher quality of life, it is time to switch to renewable energy sources that have lower impacts on the natural world. Commercial scale wind power has seen tremendous growth in the last two decades and is expected to continue growing. But small-scale wind power still has tremendous potential in creating energy efficient homes micro-grid systems. Through this work, we explore the potential of micro VAWTs installed on highway medians to capture wind energy from moving vehicles. There are 2 main questions intended to be addressed here, namely: Is energy production from vehicular wake losses significant and if significant, how does the produced energy stand in comparison to a household’s consumption as well as an LED streetlight. In order to proceed with this work, we have taken the reference wind measurements performed on highway medians in Malaysia from literature. The right turbine choice for this application has also been contemplated through the literature review and chosen to be a cross-flow VAWT model with experimental results.Using the power curve of the turbine and the extracted wind speed measurements, energy production is estimated and compared to the electricity consumption of a suburban home in Malaysia. Further on, other analyses are performed to better understand the energy production potential of such applications and estimated for varying size in turbine, position of turbine with respect to ground, and the energy generation per kilometer of highway length.

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Pereira, Maurício Vieira da Rocha. "Impacto da altura de aerogeradores sobre a velocidade do vento, energia, efeito de esteira e intensidade de turbulência : estudos de caso em três projetos eólicos localizados no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134892.

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O setor eólico está em processo de consolidação no Brasil desde o início dos anos 2000, e oportunidades de pesquisas e desenvolvimento estão presentes em todas as etapas do processo. Este trabalho apresenta uma relação entre os parâmetros de velocidade do vento, energia, efeito de esteira e intensidade de turbulência com diferentes alturas de turbinas existentes no mercado brasileiro, em três regiões distintas, Triunfo/PE, São João do Cariri/PB e São Martinho da Serra/RS. A finalidade do trabalho é auxiliar os desenvolvedores e os investidores de parques eólicos na tomada de decisão sobre as alturas de aerogeradores a serem consideradas em seus projetos eólicos, antecipando a avaliação criteriosa do recurso eólico local. Para tal, primeiramente são citadas referências de trabalhos similares disponíveis na literatura bem como é realizada a fundamentação teórica do estudo com as principais equações e modelos utilizados na área. A metodologia do cálculo é teórica e aplicada às ferramentas computacionais do WAsP para a modelagem do vento e do WindFarmer para avaliar a produção de energia elétrica, com adaptações específicas para cada projeto. Procedimentos estatísticos são efetuados a fim de se garantir que as análises contenham o menor nível possível de incerteza na identificação do recurso eólico de cada região. Os resultados do trabalho são apresentados comparativamente entre os sete modelos de aerogerador testados e também entre as três áreas estudadas. O comportamento das turbinas é consideravelmente diferente em todas as opções estudadas. Os modelos de aerogerador A e D são os que apresentam o maior ganho energético percentual com o incremento da altura da turbina com valores médios de 0,42% e 0,44% a cada metro. Já os modelos C e D apresentam as melhorias mais consideráveis em termos de redução de intensidade de turbulência e diminuição de perdas por efeito de esteira, conforme se aumenta a altura das turbinas. As áreas apresentam, também, recursos eólicos distintos entre elas. O projeto eólico de Triunfo é o que apresenta a maior geração de energia dentre os estudados, sendo 24,2% maior que em São Martinho da Serra e 45,0% maior que em São João do Cariri. Verifica-se, também, que caso a velocidade média do vento de longo prazo fosse dobrada em Triunfo, a energia líquida teria um acréscimo de 88%. Já em São Martinho da Serra este valor chegaria em 170% e em São João do Cariri em 220%. The wind energy sector has been under consolidation in Brazil since the early 2000s. Opportunities for researches and developments are present at all stages of the process. This paper presents a link among wind speed, energy, wake effect and turbulence intensity parameters and the height of existing wind turbine models in Brazil, considering three distinct regions as Triunfo/PE, São João do Cariri/PB and São Martinho da Serra/RS. This paper also aims to support developers and investors in the decision making process in the wind turbines height that should be considered in its wind farms. To this end, the references of similar studies as well as the theoretical basis for the study, including the main equations and models, are presented. The calculation methodology is theoretical and it has been applied to the computational tools WAsP (wind modeling) and WindFarmer (evaluate the energy production), considering specific adaptations for each project. Statistical procedures are performed in order to ensure that the analyses contain the lowest possible level of uncertainty in the characterization of the wind resources in each region. The results are presented comparatively among the seven tested turbine models and also among the three studied areas. The turbine models behavior is considerably different for all options. The wind turbine models A and D are those with the highest percentage energy increase with increasing the turbine height. Their average values are 0.42% and 0.44% per meter height. The models C and D present the most considerable improvements in terms of turbulence intensity and wake effect reductions with increasing the turbine height. The different locations also present distinguished wind resources among them. Triunfo wind farm is the one with the highest energy generation, 24.2% higher than in São Martinho da Serra and 45.0% higher than in São João do Cariri. It is also noted that if the long term mean wind speed was doubled in the project locations, the energy would have an increase of 88% in Triunfo, 170% in São Martinho da Serra and 220% in São João do Cariri.

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Sundström, Oskar. "Multi-Criterion Macro-Siting Analysis of Offshore Wind Farm Potential in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301667.

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Sverige har en stor potential för produktion av havsbaserad vindkraft. När teknologin utvecklas och de politiska förutsättningar förändras, kommer konstruktionen av havsbaserad vindkraft i landet troligtvis öka. Den presenterade metodologin går ut på att använda MCDM och AHP metoder i ett GIS för att producera en utvärderingskarta för potentiella platser att producera havsbaserad vindenergi. Målet med den här studien har varit att ta reda på vilken data som krävs och är relevant för att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler kring placeringen av havsbaserad vindkraft till ett eller flera lager av GIS data inom Sveriges exklusiva ekonomiska zon. Vidare har de existerande riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft utvärderats med hjälp av utvärderingskartan. Denna karta har blivit framtagen med hjälp av flertalet buffertzoner samt exkluderings- och fyra stycken utvärderingskriterier. Slutligen har studiens resultat används för att beräkna en potentiell årlig energiproduktion för offshore vindkraft i Sverige. Studien beaktar några av de sociala, tekniska och miljömässiga begränsningar som finns för havsbaserad vindenergi. Buffertzonerna samt exkluderings- och utvärderingskriterierna har bestämts med hjälp av en inledande litteraturstudie av tidigare forskning på ämnet. Den datan som använts i analysen har inhämtats från flera olika öppna onlineresurser samt från svenska myndigheter. Den efterföljande analysen har genomförts med hjälp av programmet QGIS. För att möjliggöra en kvantifiering av resultaten har utvärderings kartan omklassificerats till fyra olika kategorier: “poor”, “average”, “good” samt “excellent”. Studien visar att det är möjligt att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler till ett lager av GIS data. Resultatet visar att att enbart 48% av arean inom de definierade riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft bör beaktas vid allokering av havsbaserad vindenergi, enligt de begränsningar som definierats i denna studie. Vidare påvisar resultatet att enbart 19% av arean inom de utpekade riksintressena för vindkraft kan klassificeras som “good” eller “excellent”. Samtidigt påvisar studien att 20.3% av studieområdet bedöms som lämpligt för allokering av havsbaserad vindkraft, av dessa lämpliga områden klassificeras 62.7% som “good” och “excellent”. Den potentiella årliga energiproduktionen uppskattas till 56.1 TWh inom riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft samt till 915.3 TWh inom hela studieområdet.

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Merkai, Christina. "Tidal park within offshore wind parks : An analysis for the potential use of tidal kites within the Aberdeen offshore wind farm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240594.

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Offshore wind has proved to be one of the most reliable and clean energy sources over the last few years. The industry has experienced a significant growth, with an increase of 101% only in 2017 compared to 2016. This raises the importance of the need for more secure power supply systems, which can be used for controlling the offshore farms during disconnections from the main grid. Nowadays, diesel generators are being used to feed auxiliary services of the offshore wind turbines in situations of emergency. However, as the marine renewable energy industry evolves, tidal energy parks have the potential to replace diesel generators and provide a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution for a long-term auxiliary power system. Moreover, they have the potential to produce extra power, which can be either stored for future use or linked directly to distribution. This report demonstrates a technical, financial and environmental assessment of a potential tidal park within an offshore wind park. Comparison with alternative sources for emergency power supply is also performed. Three alternative locations with high wind speeds and large tidal resource around the UK coast and four different groups of tidal devices are evaluated and compared for the implementation of this solution with the use of ArcGIS maps and other accessible marine data. The Aberdeen wind farm and the tidal kites are selected for further investigation and cost analysis. Seven tidal kites with average power 700 kW and rated power 3.5 MW can provide adequate power to the offshore wind farm for three months without grid connection, whereas they can also provide excess of energy on daily basis when grid disconnection does not occur. The total cost for the project would be approximately 301.6 MSEK. Due to the current renewable energy market, the project is not feasible without high investment risks. However, this study should be evaluated again in the near future when the cost of the tidal device will be further decreased. Havsbaserad vind har visat sig vara en av de mest tillförlitliga och rena energikällorna under senare år. Inom denna industri har en betydande tillväxt skett, med en ökning med 101% år 2017 jämfört med 2016. Detta relaterar till behovet av säkra elförsörjningssystem, som kan användas för att styra havsbaserade vindraftverksparker under urkoppling från huvudnätet. Numera används dieselgeneratorer som reservkälla till havsvindkraftverk i nödsituationer. Men när den marina förnybara energiindustrin utvecklas, har tidvattenkraftverk potential att ersätta dieselgeneratorer och ge ett mer hållbar och miljövänlig långtidslösning. Dessutom har de potential att producera extra el, som antingen kan lagras för framtida användning eller kopplas direkt till distributionsnätet. Denna rapport erbjuder en teknisk, finansiell och miljömässig bedömning av en potentiell tidvattenkraftverkspark kopplad till en havsvindpark. Jämförelse med alternativa källor för strömförsörjning genomförs också. Tre alternativa platser med hög vindstyrka och stora tidvattenresurser längs Storbritanniens kust och fyra olika grupper av tidvattenanordningar utvärderas och jämförs med hjälp av kartor och andra tillgängliga marina data. Aberdeen vindkraftpark och tidvattendrakar väljs för ytterligare undersökning och kostnadsanalys. Sju tidvattendrakar med genomsnittlig effekt på 700 kW och nominell effekt 3,5 MW kan ge tillräckligt med el till havsvindkraftverk i tre månader utan nätförbindelse, medan de också kan ge överflöd av energi dagligen när strömavbrott inte förekommer. Den totala kostnaden för projektet skulle vara cirka 301,6 MSEK. På grund av läget idag på elmarknaden för förnybar energi, är projektet inte genomförbart utan höga investeringsrisker. Men den här studien bör utvärderas igen inom en snar framtid när kostnaden för tidvattenanordningen har minskat.

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Feitosa, Erialdo de Oliveira. "Wind power applied to the pumping of water for irrigation by gravity in family agriculture." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13206.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico The use of wind energy is today a reality in the Brazilian energetic context, because it meets the requirement of complementarity to the national energy system and its exploitation generates relatively few environmental impacts. In this context family agriculture, which lives together with semiarid, passes per great bottlenecks with relation to the access, and the cost of two resources fundamental for its development, water and energy. This project was developed with bias in the supply of water and energy to small rural properties focused on horticultural. So that wind energy can be an important solution for the process of production of agriculture, because it can supply the needs of the small producer. Thus the objective of this research was to investigate the possibility of a wind turbine to generate electricity to put in action an water pumping system which represses water to an elevated reservoir, and possibly could be used for irrigation per gravity drip. It was used a 1 kW wind generator power, model H3.1-1KW, Hummer mark, where it and the pumping system were installed at the Federal University of CearÃ, Campus do Pici. With the experimental arrangement ready, it was conducted to collect data on wind speed, current and voltage generated by, and pressure and flow rate of the motor pump. As a result it was verified a pumped volume averaged 3750.5 L day-1. Concluding that can be used in irrigated horticultural production family agriculture and would also be useful in animal production and consumption own. This conclusion presents wind power as a good alternative for family agriculture live with the semiarid in the sense which will enable the use of renewable energy linked the rational use of water. O uso da energia eÃlica Ã hoje uma realidade no contexto energÃtico brasileiro, pois atende o requisito de complementaridade ao sistema nacional de energia e sua exploraÃÃo gera relativamente poucos impactos ambientais. Neste contexto a agricultura familiar que convive com semiÃrido passa por grandes gargalos com relaÃÃo ao acesso, e o custo de dois recursos fundamentais para o seu desenvolvimento, Ãgua e energia. Este projeto foi desenvolvido com viÃs no fornecimento de Ãgua e energia para pequenas propriedades rurais focadas em hortÃculas. De modo que a energia eÃlica possa ser uma soluÃÃo importante para o processo de produÃÃo da agricultura, pois pode suprir as necessidades do pequeno produtor. Assim o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar um aerogerador na geraÃÃo de energia elÃtrica para acionamento de um sistema de bombeamento de Ãgua, o qual realizava o recalque da Ãgua para um reservatÃrio elevado, e que possa ser utilizado na irrigaÃÃo por gotejamento gravitacional. Utilizou-se um aerogerador de 1 kW de potÃncia, modelo H3.1-1KW, marca Hummer, onde o mesmo e o sistema de bombeamento foram instalados na Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Campus do Pici. Com o arranjo experimental pronto, foi efetuada a coleta de dados da velocidade do vento, corrente e tensÃo do aerogerador, e pressÃo e vazÃo do conjunto motobomba. Como resultado verificou-se o volume bombeado em mÃdia de 3.750,5 L dia-1. Concluindo que o mesmo pode ser usado na produÃÃo irrigada de hortÃculas da agricultura familiar e tambÃm seria Ãtil na produÃÃo animal e prÃprio consumo. Enfim a energia eÃlica apresenta-se como uma boa alternativa para o agricultor familiar conviver com o semiÃrido, no sentido que possibilitarÃ o uso de energia renovÃvel atrelada ao uso racional da Ãgua.

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Bekele, Getachew. "Study into the Potential and Feasibility of a Standalone Solar-Wind Hybrid Electric Energy Supply System." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11799.

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The tendency to use renewable energy resources has grown continuouslyover the past few decades, be it due to fear over warnings of globalwarming or because of the depletion and short life of fossil fuels or evenas a result of the interest which has developed among researchers doingscientific research into it. This work can be considered as joining any ofthese groups with an objective of giving electric light to the poorpopulation living in one of the poorest nations in the world.The aim of the work is to investigate supplying electric energy fromsolar-wind hybrid resources to remotely located communities detachedfrom the main grid line in Ethiopia. The communities in mind are one oftwo types; the first is the majority of the poor population residing in thecountryside; and the other is people relocated by the Government fromthe over used and dry regions to relatively productive and fertile ones inline with the long-term poverty reduction plan.The work was begun by investigating wind energy and solar energypotentials at four geographically different locations in Ethiopia bycompiling data from different sources and analyzing it using a softwaretool. The locations are Addis Ababa (09:02N, 038:42E), Mekele (13:33N,39:30E), Nazret (08:32N, 039:22E), and Debrezeit (8:44N, 39:02E).The results related to wind energy potential are given in terms of themonthly Average wind speed, the wind speed probability densityfunction (PDF), the wind speed cumulative density function (CDF), thewind speed duration curve (DC), and power density plots for all fourselected sites. According to the results obtained through the analysis, thewind energy potential, even if it is not exceptional, is irrefutably highenough to be exploited for generating electric energy.The solar energy potential, based on sunshine duration data collectedover a period of 7 - 11 years and radiation data obtained from differentsources, has been calculated using regression coefficients specific to thesites in question. Based on the sunshine duration data, the monthlyaverage daily sunshine amount for each of the places has also beencomputed and given in a form of plot. Through additional work on theresults of the calculations, the solar energy potential has been given inthe form of solar radiation plots for each of the selected sites. Asexpected, the results indicated an abundance of solar energy potential.It is based on the promising findings of these two energy resourcepotentials, wind and solar, that the feasibility study for a standalonesolar-wind hybrid energy supply system has proceeded, targeting thecommunity mentioned earlier. The hybrid system consisted of Windturbine, Photovoltaic panel, diesel generator and a bank of batteries, witha power conditioning converter included in the system.The hybrid standalone supply system is intended to provide electricity toa model community of 200 families with five to six family members ineach. The community is equipped with a primary load, a deferrable load,a community school and a health post. An electric load which includeslighting, water pumping, a radio receiver, and some clinical equipmenthas been suggested. Hybrid Optimization Model for ElectricRenewables, HOMER, software has been used for the analysis. Theaverage wind speed and average solar radiation calculated from the datafor all of the selected sites has been used to input into the software.The hybrid system design is approached in three different ways. The firstapproach is to include within the hybrid system those components whichare locally available, without giving special attention to their efficienciesand proceed with the design work. The second approach is tothoroughly search the market for the best and most efficienttechnological products and to select the best components for theanalysis. A third approach considered in an attempt of cost minimizationis to see if a self-contained type of design can be a better solution. Whatthis means is every household will have its own supply system that mayconsist of any combination of PV and wind turbine including converter,battery and charge controller.After running the simulations, lists of power supply systems have beengenerated, sorted according to their net present cost. Sensitivity variables,such as range of wind speeds, range of radiation levels and diesel pricehave been defined as inputs into the software and the optimizationprocess has been carried out repeatedly for the sensitivity variables andthe results have been refined accordingly. QC 20100623

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22

Ershad, Ahmad Murtaza. "Potential of Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Power Plants in Meeting Electricity Demand in Afghanistan." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398944251.

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Jonsson, Forsblad Nils. "Evaluating the Potential for Floating Offshore Wind Power in Skagerrak : The Golden Triangle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303672.

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Wind power is a rapidly growing industry worldwide, both on- andoffshore. Most of the good locations onshore in continental Europeare in use today, which has prompted a move offshore in recentyears. Europe has by far the most offshore wind turbinesinstalled, mostly located in the North sea.The low hanging fruits are locations with relatively shallowwaters (up to 45-50 meters), a high and steady wind speed and isclose to grid connections onshore. Big parts of the North Sea aresuitable for this, but many places with good wind conditionsworldwide are too deep. The next step for the industry is to moveto these deeper waters, with the help of floating wind turbines.The first prototype floating turbines have been running for acouple of years, with even larger, albeit still pretty small, windfarms in the planning stage.This thesis looks on the possibility of building large floatingwind farms in the future, specifically in the eastern most part ofthe North Sea - Skagerrak. Several different factors andstakeholders have been mapped out and important factors such aswater depth, wind speed and seabed conditions considered to createfour different future scenarios. Each scenario has been evaluatedtechnically and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) has beencalculated to be able to compare the different locations.Since the technology is very new and under development, theinitial costs are high. This gives the lower LCOE of 149 €/MWh.Many new developments are however expected in the years to come,which would lower the investment cost considerably, by up to 40%according to some sources. This would lower the LCOE to under 100€/MWh.It is however also found that these investments carry many otherpositive effects, such as developing a new carbon neutraltechnology in Scandinavia which could become a big exportworldwide. The social acceptance of bottom fixed foundationoffshore (close to shore) and onshore wind power is also falling,and this would also be a big plus for floating offshore wind as itcan be built so far offshore it can't be seen from land. BothSweden and Denmark have big power plants closing in the comingdecades, nuclear power in Sweden and coal fired power plants inDenmark. These need to be replaced either by import or by newcarbon neutral power production.

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Bass, Jeremy Hugh. "The potential of combined heat and power generation, wind power generation and load management techniques for cost reduction in small electricity supply systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21484.

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An evaluation is made of the potential fuel and financial savings possible when a small, autonomous diesel system sized to meet the demands of an individual, domestic consumer is adapted to include: (1) combined heat and power (CUP) generation. (2) wind turbine generation. (3) direct load control. The potential of these three areas is investigated by means of time-step simulation modelling on a microcomputer. Models are used to evaluate performance and a Net Present Value analysis used to assess costs. A cost/benefit analysis then enables those areas, or combination of areas, that facilitate the greatest savings to be identified. The modelling work is supported by experience gained from the following: (1) field study of the Lundy Island wind/diesel system. (2) laboratory testing of a small diesel generator set. (3) study of a diesel based CUP unit. (4) study of a diesel based direct load control system. (5) statistical analysis of data obtained from the long-term monitoring of a large number of individual household's electricity consumption. Rather than consider the consumer's electrical demand in isolation, a more flexible approach is adopted, with consumer demand being regarded as the sum of primarily two components: a small, electricity demand for essential services and a large, reschedulable demand for heating/cooling. The results of the study indicate that: (1) operating a diesel set in a CUP mode is the best strategy for both financial and fuel savings. A simple retrofit enables overall conversion efficiencies to be increased from 25% to 60%, or greater, at little cost. (2) wind turbine generation in association with direct load control is a most effective combination. (3) A combination of both the above areas enables greatest overall financial savings, in favourable winds resulting in unit energy costs around 20% of those of diesel only operation.

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Duman, Cagatay. "Evaluation And Comparison Of The Wave Energy Potential In Selected Coastal Regions In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612626/index.pdf.

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In order to meet energy needs in world, studies on wave energy, alternative energy, are becoming more and more important with each passing day. The purpose of this study is to identify the wave energy potential along the coastline of Turkey. For this purpose, the data of wind speed and direction, swell and wind wave height, period and direction for certain duration with the six hours time intervals are obtained from ECMWF for the wind and wave climate computations. In order to compute the wind and wave climate at any selected coastal location, software is developed by Serhan Aldogan in his MSc thesis. By the help of the specifically developed software, for every location, by utilizing existing wind data, depending on geographical location of station, in the direction of energy thought to produce, by using calculated average wind speed of storm which is above the selected wind speed u0, characteristics (Hs Tm) of the waves of this storm and power (P, W/m) per unit length will be calculated. The duration curves for power, Hs and T, can be obtained. The duration curve represents the occurrence of the parameter (wave height, wave period, wave energy or wave power). It can also be called occurrence curve or availability curve. From these curves, for various percentages of the total storm duration, P, Hs and T&rsquo s values can be determined. Also, in the analysis, the shapes of these curves can provide important information about the available wave energy for the selected coasts.

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Turesson, Jonas. "Potential for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Grenoble, Delft & Växjö." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34442.

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Sustainable cities is an area that has grown in size over the last couple of years. The SESAC (Sustainable Energy Systems in Advanced Cities) is a EU-project looking at the potential to increase the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and promote energy efficiency measures in different EU cities. This master thesis is a part of that project. Specifically, the thesis examines the cities of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö and looks at what measures regarding RES and energy efficiency have been taken historically, both under the SESAC project and otherwise, and assesses the possibility of further measures in the cities. The main RES evaluated are wind power (large scale and urban), solar (PV and thermal) and waste treatment (waste incineration and biogas production). The feasibility of these renewable technologies is evaluated both physically, technically and economically for each city. Further, the historical and current hinders and promoters in the form of different support schemes and other economic and institutional schemes are summarized for each country and city and the effects of which included in the feasibility calculations. Also, current CO2 emissions of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö are stated and the impact of implementing the measures examined is calculated. A comparison between the three cities is also made and suggestions are made to what they can learn from each other and what synergies there are. Results show that the technical potential for RES is sizeable in the cities, as seen in Table 1. Important to note are the differences between the cities. Besides from their differences in population size, ranging from 83 000 (Växjö) and 96 000 (Delft) to 400 000 (Grenoble), available land area as well as climate are very different in the cities, therefore affecting the potential for the RES technologies. RES potential [GWh] Grenoble Delft Växjö Wind 458 1,2 (Urban only) 297-2000 Solar PV 375 150 0,06-0,3 Waste treatment 41 11 10 Table 1. Technical potential of RES in Grenoble, Delft and Växjö Looking at the economic potential, however, the picture is not as optimistic. The only economically feasible investments of the options in Table 1 are investing in solar PV in Grenoble and Delft (IRR of 0-10%) and wind in Växjö (IRR of 4%). All other investments have negative NPV:s and IRR:s, meaning that either the cost of the technologies must be reduced or more favorable support scheme be introduced in order to make the them profitable.

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Chhatiawala, Nihar H. "Case Study: The Commercial Potential of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Active Flow Control in Wind Turbines." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1536947431190003.

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Graham, Tara L. "Wind Energy-related Wildlife Impacts: Analysis and Potential Implications for Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Birds and Bats in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30459/.

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Texas currently maintains the highest installed nameplate capacity and does not require publicly available post-construction monitoring studies that examine the impacts of wind energy production on surrounding fauna. This thesis examines potential wind energy impacts on avian and bat species in Texas through a three-part objective. The first two objectives synthesize literature on variables attractive to species within wind development areas and estimate impacted ranges outside of Texas, based on studies examining wind energy's environmental impacts. The third objective focuses on Texas wind development potential for interaction with rare, threatened and endangered species of birds and bats using GIS analysis with a potential hazard index (PHI) model, which addresses broad-spectrum, high risk variables examined within the first two objectives. Assuming areas with higher wind speeds have potential for wind development, PHI values were calculated for 31 avian and ten bat species, based on an analysis of species range data obtained from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and wind data obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Results indicate one avian species, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, is at high risk for wind development interaction on an annual basis, with 20 species of birds and nine species of bats at higher risk during the spring season. This macro-scale approach for identifying high risk species in Texas could be used as a model to apply to other conterminous states' preliminary evaluation of wind energy impacts.

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Sawyer, Charles. "Meeting Future Electricity Needs in the East African Community : Mapping Renewable Energy Potential." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284462.

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The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation comprised of six countries, five of which are classed as having a low development level and one of which is classed as medium. The region has low rates of human development and electrical connectivity but is committed to meeting the universal access and clean energy goals of Sustainable Development Goal 7. This thesis seeks to explore the renewable energy potential of the EAC at a regional level. There is little study of the energy situation of the EAC as a specific region, contrasting this work to the majority of similar analyses that focus on the national or sub-Saharan level. The potential for solar PV and wind power in the EAC was examined through an analysis of existing energy systems, a simplified multi-criteria analysis through geographical information systems, and a comparison with similar work by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The region was shown to have a small but growing electricity sector and a primary energy system dominated by traditional biomass. The mapping analysis identified large areas across all studied countries as potentially suitable for on- or off-grid renewable energy. It also highlighted issues with the results of IRENA’s work in its current form. Solar PV and wind energy potential across the EAC is shown to be high, with a low carbon electricity sector consequently a possibility for the region in the future. Den Östafrikanska Gemenskapen (EAC) är en mellanstatlig organisation av sex länder. Fem av de länderna har en låg utvecklingsnivå och en är klassificerad som medelnivå. Regionen har låg mänsklig utveckling och tillgång till elkraft men har bestämt att uppfylla globala målen 7: säkerställa tillgång till ekonomiskt överkomlig, tillförlitlig, hållbar och modern energi för alla. Denna uppsats utforskade potentialen för förnybar energi i den EAC på en regional nivå. Potentialen för solenergi och vindkraft i EAC undersöktes genom en analys av befintliga energisystem, en förenklad multikriterianalys genom geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och en jämförelse med liknande arbete från den International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). En liten men växande elsektor och ett primärt energisystem dominerat av traditionell biomassa identifierades i regionen. Kartläggningsanalysen identifierade stora områden i alla studerade länder som lämpliga för förnybar energi på, eller utanför, elnätet. Analysen fann också problem med resultaten från IRENAs arbete med Global Atlas of Renewable Energy projektet. Det finns god potential för sol- och vindkraft i EAC och möjligheten av ett lågkoldioxidenergisystem är diskuterade som en potential framtid för regionen.

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Driemeier, Luís Henrique. "Estudo sobre o impacto do avanço tecnológico no potencial eólico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101213.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do impacto do avanço tecnológico no potencial eólico do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir da evolução verificada nos aerogeradores desde o ano de 2002, data da publicação do atual Atlas Eólico do estado. Para tal, é exposto um panorama da energia eólica no Brasil e no mundo, assim como as características das circulações globais de massas de ar e os fenômenos que dão origem aos principais deslocamentos sobre o estado, bem como o comportamento do vento dentro da camada limite atmosférica. Para embasar o desenvolvimento desse trabalho são apresentadas as principais evoluções tecnológicas verificadas no período e como elas contribuíram para o aumento da competitividade da fonte, bem como as tendências para as futuras gerações de aerogeradores. Para realizar a estimativa do novo potencial eólico do estado desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta que converte a imagem dos mapas publicados no Atlas Eólico em uma matriz de valores, o que é realizado comparando a cor de cada pixel dos mapas às respectivas legendas. Tratando-se matematicamente os dados obtidos dos mapas de velocidade média de vento, fator de forma k e densidade do ar é possível calcular o potencial energético de cada um dos pontos dessa matriz de dados. Este potencial é obtido a partir da integração das curvas de potência, corrigidas para cada densidade do ar, com as distribuições de probabilidade de Weibull, calculadas a partir da velocidade média de vento e fator de forma de cada local do estado. De modo a validar o procedimento de cálculo utilizado, os resultados da integração, com o emprego da mesma curva de potência utilizada no Atlas Eólico, são comparados com os dados energéticos publicados no documento. Ao considerar aerogeradores mais modernos, com base na mesma metodologia de cálculo, o potencial eólico estimado para o Rio Grande do Sul, para localidades com ventos a partir de 7 m/s de média anual, aumentou em 65% sua capacidade de geração na altura de 75 m, alcançando um total de 219,26 TWh/ano. Nas mesmas condições, na altura de 100 m, o aumento foi de 61%, obtendo-se um potencial energético de 398,53 TWh/ano. Para ambas alturas citadas não há alteração significativa na potência instalável, estimada em 54,33 MW e 119,00 MW, respectivamente. A partir do banco de dados criado foi possível projetar, com base na lei logarítmica, a distribuição de vento nas alturas de 125 m e 150 m, anteriormente não apresentados no Atlas do estado. Nessas alturas o potencial teórico estimado foi de 761,94 TWh/ano e 872,30 TWh/ano, a partir de uma potência instalável de 211,31 MW e 270,25 MW, respectivamente. This paper intends to evaluate the impact of the technological advances on the wind power potential of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on the developments in wind turbines since 2002, year of publication of the current Wind Atlas. It is exposed an overview of the wind energy in Brazil and in the World , as well as the characteristics of the wind global circulation and the phenomena that give rise to the main wind displacements on the state area and the behavior of the wind within the atmospheric boundary layer. To support the development of this work, the main technological developments in the period and how they contributed to improve the competitiveness of this source are presented, as well as the trends for future wind turbines generations. In order to estimate a new wind potential for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a program that compares the colors of each pixel on the maps published in the Wind Atlas with their captions, generating a matrix of data was developed. With the data obtained from the maps of the average wind speed, factor k and air density, it is possible to calculate the energy potential at each point of the matrix. This potential is obtained from the integration of power curves, corrected for each air density, using the Weibull probability distributions, calculated from the mean wind speed and form factor at each local of the state area. In order to validate the procedure, the results of the integration, applying the same power curve used in the Wind Atlas, are compared with the amount of energy published on the document. Making use of the modern wind turbines, based on the same calculation methodology, the wind energy potential of the Rio Grande do Sul, considering only sites with annual wind average speed higher than 7 m/s, increased its generation capacity at the height of 75 m by 65 %, reaching a total of 219.26 TWh/year. Under the same conditions, at the height of 100 m, the increase was 61 %, yielding an energy potential of 398.53 TWh/year. For both heights, there are not significant changes in the installable potential, estimated at 54.33 MW and 119.00 MW, respectively. From the database created it was possible to estimate, based on the logarithmic law, the distribution of the wind at heights of 125 m and 150 m, not previously presented in the Atlas of the state. At such heights, the estimated theorical potential is 761.94 TWh/year and 872.30 TWh/year, with an installed capacity of 211.31 MW and 270.25 MW, respectively.

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Wild, de Marc Noël. "A VIEW INTO FUTURE POTENTIAL ICE THROW POLICIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF A VIRTUAL WIND FARM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328214.

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There is a growth of wind power development in icing climates, in which ice accumulation on objects takes place. This leads to specific challenges including ice throw, the detachment of ice from wind turbine blades. The lack of understanding of the ice throw phenomenon among authorities leads to the fact that there is no coherence in the applied ice throw mitigation policies in various countries and regions, which can cause safety- and financial hazards for wind farms in icing climates. This research focusses on ice throw risk mitigation methods and their effect on a wind farms yield. Qualitative research is applied, interviewing six experts in the field of cold climate wind power development. The participants are from academic, public and private research institutions in five countries. The qualitative research focusses on policies that are plausible but non-preferred, as well as preference suggestions from the experts on how to treat the ice throw risks. The non-preferred policies involve shutting down wind farms during icing periods and conditionally allowed operation with applied heating systems. These policy scenarios are applied to a virtual wind farm near Slagnäs, Sweden, in order to indicate the impact on the yield and underline the impact that these policies would have on the turnover of a wind farm in a sever icing climate. The non-preferred policies have a significant impact on the Slagnäs wind farms yield with 2,28% annual yield losses in case of 200 annual icing hours. Apart from the impact on yield, the policies might not reduce the danger of ice throw significantly, as from a standing still turbine, detached ice can still travel a horizontal distance of up to one time the turbine height. Therefore, policies should according to the interviewed experts not focus on limitations, however focus on understanding risks and taking appropriate action for risk mitigation. International guidelines are the best tool to create a deeper understanding of ice throw risk assessments and their limitations, as well as an understanding of risk mitigation methods. In this case, the risk assessment process shall be standardised, however the risk mitigation methods shall be site specific.

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Baak, Werner. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REPOWERING POTENTIAL IN NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA, GERMANY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398228.

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Germany is one of the pioneer countries in wind turbine technology. They installed many wind turbines during the last decades and are now confronted with a shortage of land suitable for new wind parks. Now, with an estimated wind turbine service life of 20 – 25 years whole wind parks are becoming obsolete and owners have to decide whether do decommission, repower or to continue the operation of their parks. The advantages of repowering as well as the bureaucratic hurdles are outlined and evaluated. This thesis deals with the repowering potential in North Rhine-Westphalia and is analysing the technical and economical possibilities of repowering. The main objectives are to identify wind turbines eligible for repowering and also to develop repowering scenarios in order to determine their techno-economic feasibility. The designed steps of the methodology allow the census and the subsequent implementation of the results in WindPro and RETScreen.

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GOMEZ, SARA JOSE ORLANDO. "ASSESSMENT OF THE OFFSHORE WIND POTENTIAL IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA TO SATISFY THE DEMAND OF ELECTRICITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388951.

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The offshore wind potential of the Caribbean Sea has barely been exploited. Currently, the offshore wind power industry in Latin America and the Caribbean region is still at very early stages, leaving aside an important resource that otherwise could contribute to satisfy the growing energy demand of the zone. In this study the possibilities arising from a massive exploitation of the wind resource in the Caribbean Sea are assessed. The objective is to investigate if the resources contained in it would be sufficient to satisfy the energy demand of Latin America and the Caribbean, which is foreseen to be about 1900 TWh/year by 2020. To address this question, the “Infinite wind farm” concept is used as a simple way to model the meteorological behaviour and the wind speed in the area. The model is utilized in combination with the bathymetric data of the Caribbean Sea and with a simple economic analysis, to evaluate what the requirements to satisfy the energy demand would be in terms of area, number of turbines, and levelized cost of energy (LCoE). The assessment is performed utilizing different turbine sizes, and inter-turbine separations to find the combination that minimizes the LCoE. It is found that the energy demand of Latin America and the Caribbean could be satisfied using only 125000 km2 (4.5% of the total Caribbean Sea area) of waters shallower than 25m at a cost of 69 €/MWh, if the turbines were separated 6.5D from one another and if they had a rotor diameter of 250m. In that case, 47760 turbines should be installed using only conventional monopile foundations.

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Ryberg, David Severin Verfasser], Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] [Stolten, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lauster. "Generation lulls from the future potential of wind and solar energy in Europe / David Severin Ryberg ; Detlef Stolten, Michael Lauster." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/123131737X/34.

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Feitosa, Erialdo de Oliveira. "Energia eólica aplicada ao bombeamento da água para irrigação por gravidade na agricultura familiar." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17909.

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Feitosa, Erialdo de Oliveira. Energia eólica aplicada ao bombeamento da água para irrigação por gravidade na agricultura familiar. 2014. 107 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T16:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_eofeitosa.pdf: 2679430 bytes, checksum: a127ee0b0b7829a2d2ed216e57412a26 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T16:52:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_eofeitosa.pdf: 2679430 bytes, checksum: a127ee0b0b7829a2d2ed216e57412a26 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T16:52:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_eofeitosa.pdf: 2679430 bytes, checksum: a127ee0b0b7829a2d2ed216e57412a26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 The use of wind energy is today a reality in the Brazilian energetic context, because it meets the requirement of complementarity to the national energy system and its exploitation generates relatively few environmental impacts. In this context family agriculture, which lives together with semiarid, passes per great bottlenecks with relation to the access, and the cost of two resources fundamental for its development, water and energy. This project was developed with bias in the supply of water and energy to small rural properties focused on horticultural. So that wind energy can be an important solution for the process of production of agriculture, because it can supply the needs of the small producer. Thus the objective of this research was to investigate the possibility of a wind turbine to generate electricity to put in action an water pumping system which represses water to an elevated reservoir, and possibly could be used for irrigation per gravity drip. It was used a 1 kW wind generator power, model H3.1-1KW, Hummer mark, where it and the pumping system were installed at the Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici. With the experimental arrangement ready, it was conducted to collect data on wind speed, current and voltage generated by, and pressure and flow rate of the motor pump. As a result it was verified a pumped volume averaged 3750.5 L day-1. Concluding that can be used in irrigated horticultural production family agriculture and would also be useful in animal production and consumption own. This conclusion presents wind power as a good alternative for family agriculture live with the semiarid in the sense which will enable the use of renewable energy linked the rational use of water. O uso da energia eólica é hoje uma realidade no contexto energético brasileiro, pois atende o requisito de complementaridade ao sistema nacional de energia e sua exploração gera relativamente poucos impactos ambientais. Neste contexto a agricultura familiar que convive com semiárido passa por grandes gargalos com relação ao acesso, e o custo de dois recursos fundamentais para o seu desenvolvimento, água e energia. Este projeto foi desenvolvido com viés no fornecimento de água e energia para pequenas propriedades rurais focadas em hortículas. De modo que a energia eólica possa ser uma solução importante para o processo de produção da agricultura, pois pode suprir as necessidades do pequeno produtor. Assim o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar um aerogerador na geração de energia elétrica para acionamento de um sistema de bombeamento de água, o qual realizava o recalque da água para um reservatório elevado, e que possa ser utilizado na irrigação por gotejamento gravitacional. Utilizou-se um aerogerador de 1 kW de potência, modelo H3.1-1KW, marca Hummer, onde o mesmo e o sistema de bombeamento foram instalados na Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici. Com o arranjo experimental pronto, foi efetuada a coleta de dados da velocidade do vento, corrente e tensão do aerogerador, e pressão e vazão do conjunto motobomba. Como resultado verificou-se o volume bombeado em média de 3.750,5 L dia-1. Concluindo que o mesmo pode ser usado na produção irrigada de hortículas da agricultura familiar e também seria útil na produção animal e próprio consumo. Enfim a energia eólica apresenta-se como uma boa alternativa para o agricultor familiar conviver com o semiárido, no sentido que possibilitará o uso de energia renovável atrelada ao uso racional da água.

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Gomes, Mateus Sant'Anna de Sousa. "Proposta de uma metodologia para utilização de energia eólica offshore no litoral Sudeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10122.

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Submitted by Mateus Gomes (mateussg@msn.com) on 2018-05-25T17:01:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mateus Gomes.pdf: 6830547 bytes, checksum: 47179b5d6a73fd8cdb299c49042f908c (MD5) Carta comprovante Mateus Gomes.jpg: 517376 bytes, checksum: 897b93ae582b7da42bf02be5122cf5a6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2018-06-04T13:13:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mateus Gomes.pdf: 6830547 bytes, checksum: 47179b5d6a73fd8cdb299c49042f908c (MD5) Carta comprovante Mateus Gomes.jpg: 517376 bytes, checksum: 897b93ae582b7da42bf02be5122cf5a6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2018-06-04T13:13:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mateus Gomes.pdf: 6830547 bytes, checksum: 47179b5d6a73fd8cdb299c49042f908c (MD5) Carta comprovante Mateus Gomes.jpg: 517376 bytes, checksum: 897b93ae582b7da42bf02be5122cf5a6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T13:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mateus Gomes.pdf: 6830547 bytes, checksum: 47179b5d6a73fd8cdb299c49042f908c (MD5) Carta comprovante Mateus Gomes.jpg: 517376 bytes, checksum: 897b93ae582b7da42bf02be5122cf5a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 Não recebi financiamento Electricity generation is a global challenge to be faced by several countries. This has led to the pursuit and development of new clean technologies to sustainable supply of the growing world demand for energy. Currently the main sources of renewable energy are: biomass, solar, geothermal, tidal, wind on and offshore (land and sea). Among these sources, wind energy presents worldwide growth and recently a significant increase in its use in the offshore segment. Brazil is among the ten largest onshore wind power producers in the world, however it does not have yet any offshore wind farms. The country has great potential for exploration of offshore wind power, since there are large population concentrations with increasing energy demands in coastal areas and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 3.5 × 10^6 km^2. The objective of this work was to develop a methodology for the use of offshore wind energy through the proposal of an offshore wind farm on the Southeast coast of Brazil. The study was carried out for the Southeast region of Brazil in order to complement the energy matrix of the region, which today is mostly composed of hydroelectric power plants. The offshore wind farm proposal was carried out following the methodology developed in this work, which is based on two different types of data collection sources: ocean buoys and automatic meteorological stations. Weibull frequency distributions were calculated for each data collection source, power curve and capacity factor for the selected wind turbines in each locality, in order to identify the best location for the utilization of offshore wind energy in the Southeast region. The location of the collection point Cabo Frio 2 presented the best wind characteristics for offshore wind energy production, however its installation would require great complexity, so the selected collection point for the installation of an offshore wind farm in this work was the station A606 - Arraial do Cabo. The capacity factor calculated in the selected region was 0,51 for the wind turbine with lower power and 0,39 for the wind turbine with higher power, and the calculated wind speed at the reference height was 7,77 m/s, which is an adequate value for wind energy production. The wind farm proposed for this region is capable of supplying annually 604.461 MWh through 39 wind turbines, which are enough to supply the energy demand of approximately 115,870 residences during the whole year in a county located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A geração de energia elétrica é um desafio mundial a ser enfrentado por vários países. Isso tem levado a busca e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias limpas para o abastecimento de forma sustentável da crescente demanda mundial por energia. As principais fontes de energia renováveis da atualidade são: biomassa, solar, geotérmica, maremotriz, eólica on e offshore (terra e mar). Dentre essas fontes, a energia eólica sinaliza crescimento mundial e recentemente um aumento significativo na sua utilização no segmento offshore. O Brasil está entre os dez maiores produtores mundiais de energia eólica onshore, entretanto ainda não possui empreendimentos eólicos offshore. O país possui grande potencial para exploração da fonte eólica offshore, visto que existem grandes concentrações populacionais com crescentes demandas energéticas em áreas costeiras e uma Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE) de aproximadamente 3.5 × 10^6 km^2. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para utilização da energia eólica offshore através da proposta de um parque eólico offshore no litoral Sudeste do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado para a região Sudeste do Brasil com intuito de complementar a matriz energética elétrica da região, que hoje é em sua maioria composta por hidroelétricas. A proposta do parque eólico offshore foi realizada seguindo a metodologia desenvolvida neste trabalho, que se baseia em dois diferentes tipos de fontes de coleta de dados: boias oceânicas e estações meteorológicas automáticas. Foram calculadas as distribuições de frequência de Weibull para cada fonte de coleta de dados, curva de potência e o fator de capacidade para os aerogeradores selecionados em cada localidade, com objetivo de identificar a melhor localização para utilização de energia eólica offshore na região sudeste. Os resultados mostram que, dentre os pontos de coleta de dados analisados, o local do ponto de coletas Cabo Frio 2 apresentou as melhoras características de ventos para exploração de energia eólica offshore, entretanto sua instalação demandaria grande complexidade, por isso o ponto de coleta selecionado para instalação de um parque eólico offshore neste trabalho foi a estação A606 - Arraial do Cabo. O fator de capacidade calculado na região selecionada foi de 0, 51 para o aerogerador com menor potência e 0,39 para o aerogerador com maior potência, e a velocidade no local calculada na altura de referência foi de 7,77 m/s, que é um valor adequado para produção de energia eólica. O parque proposto para esta região é capaz de fornecer anualmente 604.461 MWh, utilizando 39 aerogeradores, que são suficientes para abastecer cerca de 115.870 domicílios durante todo o ano para um município localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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Silveira, JoÃo Victor Pinto da. "Algorithm development and case study for the site evaluation process of small scale wind turbines according to the ABNT NBR IEC 61400-12-1." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15709.

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nÃo hÃ The main objective of this work is to present a site evaluation study for the Power performance generator of small scale wind turbines (AEPP). The Brazilian norm ABNT NBR IEC 61400-12-1 and its annexes A (obstacle valuation) and B (terrain assessment) were used as reference. Two source codes were written in the R language in order to automate the evaluation process. Both source codes were validated through direct comparison between the results of the developed R codes and the results obtained by DNV GL, which has ISO17025 international laboratory certification for power performance measurements of wind turbines according to the IEC standard. The validated code was then used to evaluate possible positions for the AEPP power performance measurement in UFC. The topographic map was downloaded from the free database SRTM and the characteristic obstacles were determined by satellite images and photos of the area. Altogether, three areas and their respective pairs AEPP â anemometric tower were analyzed regarding their available measurement sector and the necessity or not to perform site calibration. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar o estudo de avaliaÃÃo do local para mediÃÃo de curva de potÃncia de aerogeradores de pequeno porte (AEPP). Foi utilizada como referÃncia a norma brasileira ABNT NBR IEC61400-12-1 e seus anexos A (avaliaÃÃo de obstÃculos) e B (avaliaÃÃo do terreno). Foram escritos dois cÃdigos-fonte na linguagem R para automatizar o processo de avaliaÃÃo. Os cÃdigos-fonte foram validados por comparaÃÃo direta entre os resultados obtidos pelos cÃdigos desenvolvidos em R e os resultados obtidos pela empresa DNV GL, que possui certificaÃÃo internacional de laboratÃrio ISO17025 para mediÃÃo de curva de potÃncia de aerogeradores segundo a norma IEC. O cÃdigo validado foi entÃo utilizado para avaliar possÃveis locais para mediÃÃo de curva de potÃncia de AEPP na prÃpria UFC. O mapa topogrÃfico do local foi adquirido da base de dados gratuita SRTM e os obstÃculos do local foram caracterizados por imagens de satÃlite e fotos da regiÃo. No total, trÃs Ãreas e os respectivos pares AEPP â torre anemomÃtrica foram analisados em relaÃÃo ao setor de mediÃÃo disponÃvel e a necessidade ou nÃo de calibraÃÃo do local.

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Herůfek, Radek. "Vliv větrných elekrátren na napěťovou stabilitu v kontinentální Evropě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221337.

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Diplomová práce pojednává o výrobě elektrické energie větrnými elektrárnami a jejím vlivu na napěťovou stabilitu v synchronně propojené elektrizační soustavě kontinentální Evropy. Úvod práce je obecně zaměřen na problematiku větrné energetiky se zaměřením na nejčastěji používané generátory pro větrné turbíny. V další části práce je proveden rozbor instalované kapacity větrných elektráren v zemích synchronně propojené elektrizační soustavy kontinentální Evropy a jsou představeny scénáře růstu větrné energetiky do budoucna. V rámci těchto zemí je také zařazen přehled potenciálu větrné energie na pevnině a na moři. Dále je práce zaměřená na napěťovou stabilitu, kde je pojednáno o kompenzačních prostředcích a možnostech regulace napětí. Závěr teoretické části je věnován možnostem předpovědi počasí a dopadu změn počasí na výrobu elektrické energie. V praktické části diplomové práce byla provedena simulace plánované větrné farmy a sledování jejího vlivu na napěťovou stabilitu v konkrétní části přenosové soustavy.

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Mömken, Julia [Verfasser], Joaquim G. [Gutachter] Pinto, and Yaping [Gutachter] Shao. "Wind speed and wind energy potentials over Europe: Regionalisation, decadal predictability, and long-term future changes / Julia Mömken ; Gutachter: Joaquim G. Pinto, Yaping Shao." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164154036/34.

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Stottlemyer, Amy L. "Investigating Hybridization Potential, Components of Fitness, and Volunteerism in Wild and Cultivated Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331060664.

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41

Wang, Biao. "Les impacts de la morphologie urbaine sur le vent : performance d'énergie éolienne à l'échelle de quartier." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0004/document.

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Ce travail vise à modéliser la propagation du vent par des techniques de simulation de CFD dans des tissus urbains contrastés à l’échelle du quartier (450m × 450m) afin d'évaluer les impacts de la morphologie urbaine sur le potentiel énergétique éolien. Face aux problèmes environnementaux locaux et globaux, le développement des énergies renouvelables devient de plus en plus urgent à l’échelle mondiale. Notre objectif est d’adapter la morphologie urbaine au développement du captage de l’énergie éolienne. Pour ce faire, deux questions fondamentales sont posées : quels sont les impacts de la morphologie urbaine sur l'écoulement du vent dans la ville ? Comment évaluer le potentiel énergétique éolien de la ville ? Nous partons d’une synthèse bibliographie sur les trois domaines : l'énergie éolienne urbaine, la morphologie urbaine et la simulation aéraulique. Les avantages et les inconvénients des éoliennes urbaines sont discutés. Des indicateurs de morphologie urbaine sont ainsi proposés. Les méthodes de simulation CFD (Mécanique des fluides numérique) sur l'écoulement du vent autour de bâtiments sont présentées. Des nouvelles technologies et des méthodes d'intégration architecturale de petites éoliennes sont ainsi présentées. Pour valider notre modèle, nous faisons une étude approfondie des paramètres du code ANSYS FLUENT avec la référence des données d’un benchmark issu d'expérimentations en soufflerie. Plusieurs méthodes de vérification avant et après les simulations sont proposées. Après validation de notre modèle, des simulations de formes simples sont faites. Avec un bâtiment, deux bâtiments et trois bâtiments, les impacts de différents paramètres simples de configuration sont analysés. En raison de leur efficacité et de leur faisabilité, l'évaluation énergétique est principalement faite au-dessus des toits de bâtiments. Les effets de la concentration du vent au-dessus des toits sont ainsi évalués. Nous simulons ensuite des modèles morphologiques plus complexes, par l’évaluation du potentiel éolien dans six quartiers de formes urbaines typiques dans le monde et favorables pour exploiter l'énergie éolienne. Treize indicateurs morphologiques ayant potentiellement une influence sur l'écoulement du vent sont proposés. Des analyses de cohérence entre les indicateurs morphologiques et les indicateurs d'évaluation de l'énergie éolienne au-dessus des toits sont faites. Ensuite, des variantes de formes urbaines typiques sont étudiées. L’influence de certaines modifications de ces prototypes sur le potentiel éolien est étudiée et les prototypes les plus favorables pour l'exploitation de l'énergie éolienne sont proposés. L'énergie éolienne dans un quartier existant à Pekin est ensuite évaluée. Des conditions locales (formes physiques, climat, aspects socio-économiques) sont considérées pour évaluer la faisabilité du développement de l’énergie éolienne. L'emplacement et le choix des techniques d’éoliennes urbaines adaptées sont discutés. Enfin, une méthode mathématique basée sur des paramètres morphologiques simples est présentée pour évaluer le potentiel éolien au-dessus des toits. L'indicateur de l'impact d'obstacle des bâtiments est défini. La cohérence entre les résultats de la méthode mathématique et ceux de la simulation CFD est enfin analysée This work concentrates on wind flow simulation by CFD techniques in different urban fabrics at the neighborhood scale (450m × 450m), in order to assess the impacts of urban morphology on wind energy potential. Facing local and global environmental problems, the development of renewable energy is becoming increasingly urgent and important. Our goal is to adapt the urban morphology in the development of urban wind energy. To do so, two fundamental questions are aroused: What are the impacts of urban morphology on the wind flow in the city? How to evaluate the urban wind power? We start with a summary of bibliography on three areas: urban wind energy, urban morphology and CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) simulation. The advantages and disadvantages of different urban wind turbines are discussed. Some new technologies and methods of architectural integration of small wind turbine are presented. Indicators of urban morphology are proposed. The methods of CFD simulation of wind flow around buildings are presented. To validate our model of air flow simulation, we start with a study of the numerical simulation parameters with the reference of a benchmark of wind tunnel experiments. Several methods of verification before and after the CFD simulation are presented. After validation of our model, we begin to simulate some simple forms. With one, two and three buildings, the impacts of different simple configurations parameters are analyzed. Considering the effectiveness and feasibility, wind energy assessment is mainly taken over the roofs of buildings. The combined effects of altitude and wind concentration above the roof, are evaluated. We then simulate more complex morphological models, by assessing the wind potential in six neighborhoods that are urban forms both worldwide typical and favorable for wind energy development. Morphological indicators that potentially affect the wind flow are proposed. Analysis of coherence are made between these indicators and the values of the coefficient of increase of wind speed and of the wind power indicator above the roof. Then, some prototypes of basic urban forms from real neighborhoods are studied. The influence of some modifications of these prototypes on the wind energy potential is analyzed, and the most favorable conditions for the exploitation of wind power prototypes are recommended. Then, wind energy in a real neighborhood in Beijing is evaluated. Local conditions (physical forms, climate, social-economic aspects) are considered to assess the feasibility of developing wind energy. The location and the choice of techniques suitable urban wind turbines are discussed. Finally, a mathematical method based on some simple morphological parameters is presented, in order to assess wind potential above the rooftops. The obstacle impact indicator of the buildings is defined. The coherence between the results of the simplified mathematical method and those of CFD simulation are analyzed

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Neto, Hely FalcÃo Maia. "AnÃlise Comparativa da EficiÃncia de Sete MÃtodos NumÃricos para DeterminaÃÃo dos ParÃmetros da Curva de Weibull Utilizando Dados de Velocidade do Vento e de PotÃncia EÃlica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8936.

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nÃo hÃ Para determinar o potencial eÃlico de uma regiÃo Ã de fundamental importÃncia que seja realizado um estudo sobre as caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas do vento do local. Este trabalho aborda alguns mÃtodos numÃricos a serem empregados no cÃlculo dos parÃmetros da distribuiÃÃo de Weibull que auxilia no estudo da velocidade do vento, para que haja uma correta definiÃÃo das condiÃÃes naturais existentes. O prÃvio conhecimento destas informaÃÃes coopera no processo de tomada de decisÃo sobre a viabilidade tÃcnica na instalaÃÃo de novos parques eÃlicos industriais. Ã realizada uma anÃlise estatÃstica entre sete sistemas matemÃticos conhecidos da literatura para estimar os parÃmetros ( k ) de forma e ( c ) de escala da curva de distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncias de Weibull. SÃo utilizados dados de velocidade do vento e de potÃncia eÃlica de duas cidades litorÃneas do Estado do CearÃ pertencentes Ã regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil, IcapuÃ e Camocim. Os mÃtodos apurados no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa sÃo: MÃtodo GrÃfico, MÃtodo da MÃxima VerossimilhanÃa, MÃtodo da MÃxima VerossimilhanÃa Modificado, MÃtodo EmpÃrico, MÃtodo do Momento, MÃtodo da Energia PadrÃo e MÃtodo da Energia Equivalente. A realizaÃÃo da anÃlise comparativa de eficiÃncia e exatidÃo entre estes, compreende a aplicaÃÃo dos seguintes testes estatÃsticos: AnÃlise de VariÃncia (R2 ) , Raiz Quadrada dos Erros QuadrÃticos MÃdios (RMSE) e Teste do Qui-quadrado (X 2 ) . To determine the wind potential of a region is of paramount importance that a study be conducted on the intrinsic characteristics of the wind site. This paper address some numerical methods to be used in calculating the parameters of the Weibull distribution the aids in the study of wind speed, so there is a correct definition of natural conditions existing. The previous knowledge of this information assist in the decision-making process on the technical feasibility of installing industrial wind farms. It perform a statistical analysis of seven mathematical systems known in the literature for estimating the parameters ( k ) form and ( c ) scale of the frequency distribution curve of Weibull. Data are used for wind speed and wind power from two coastal cities of CearÃ State belonging to Northeast Brazil, IcapuÃ and Camocim. The methods to be employed in the development of this research are: Graphical Method, Maximum Likelihood Method, Maximum Likelihood Modified Method, Empirical Method, Moment Method, Energy Pattern Factor Method and the Equivalent Energy Method. The realization of the comparative analysis of efficiency and accuracy among these include the application of the following statistical tests: ANOVA(R2 ) , Square Root of Average Quadratic Errors (RMSE) and Chi-square (X 2 ).

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Radünz, William Corrêa. "Metodologia de micrositing para terrenos complexos baseada em CFD com softwares livres de código aberto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178563.

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Micrositing é o campo do posicionamento estratégico dos aerogeradores na área do parque eólico visando a con guração mais promissora em termos econômicos ou de produção. Dado que em terrenos complexos as características do vento variam na área do parque eólico de forma não-linear, emprega-se a modelagem numérica do vento por CFD para extrapolar os dados medidos para toda a região. O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de micrositing em terrenos complexos capaz de auxiliar no projeto do layout e seleção do tipo e altura de eixo do aerogerador que maximiza o fator de capacidade (FC) utilizando softwares livres de código aberto. A metodologia consiste na simulação do vento para várias direções de incidência, assimilação das medições, convers ão de velocidade em densidade de potência, ponderação por frequência de ocorrência de cada direção, sobreposição, seleção das coordenadas dos aerogeradores e cálculo do FC para diversas con gurações de tipo e altura de eixo dos aerogeradores. Veri cação, validação e seleção das constantes do modelo de turbulência é realizada anteriormente às simulações Veri cou-se que o modelo k- produziu um escoamento horizontalmente homog êneo e que o melhor desempenho na validação foi obtido com a escolha de constantes para escoamentos atmosféricos. A metodologia foi demonstrada em uma região de terreno complexo em que o FC do parque eólico proposto apresentou caráter convergente com o re no progressivo da malha, porém oscilatório em termos do número de direções simuladas. Por m, obteve-se FC brutos superiores a 40% para as cinco melhores con gurações e de aproximadamente 52% no melhor caso, indicando bom potencial eólico. A metodologia foi capaz de preencher uma lacuna na literatura cientí ca de micrositing ao possibilitar o planejamento do layout, tipo de aerogerador e altura de eixo, bem como a estimativa da produção e FC brutos da usina em terrenos complexos. Além disso, a estrutura de trabalho com o uso de recursos computacionais livres e de código aberto reforça o caráter de desenvolvimento contínuo, compartilhamento e transparência da metodologia. Micrositing is the eld concerned with the strategic positioning of wind turbines in the wind farm area aimed at the most promissing con guration economically- or yield-wise. Given the wind characteristics vary non-linearly across the wind farm area in complex terrain, numerical wind modeling with CFD is employed to extrapolate the measured data to the whole site. The present work consists of the development of a micrositing methodology in complex terrain capable of assisting the layout project and selection of wind turbine type and hub height that maximizes the capacity factor (CF) using free and open-source software. The methodology consists of simulating the wind for a number of incoming directions, assimilation of measurements, conversion of wind speed into power density, weighing by frequency of occurrence of each direction, overlapping, selection of wind turbine coordinates and CF calculation for a number of wind turbine types and hub heights. Veri cation, validation and selection of turbulence model constants is performed previous to the simulations It was veri ed that the k- model is able to sustain horizontally-homogeneous ow and that the classic atmospheric ow constants performed best in the validation step. The methodology was demonstrated in a complex terrain region for which the proposed wind farm CF showed converging behavior with progressive mesh re nement, however oscillating with the number of wind directions simulated. Ultimately, CF greater than 40% were obtained with the ve best performing con gurations and approximately 52% in the best case scenario, suggesting good wind potential. The methodology was capable of lling a major gap in the scienti c literature of micrositing for allowing the layout planning, selection of wind turbine type and hub height, as well as gross production estimates and CF for the wind farm in complex terrain. Additionally, the free and open-source-based framework strengthens the continuous development, sharing and transparency of the methodology.

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Lassonde, Sylvain. "Potentiels et limites météorologiques et climatiques d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX035/document.

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Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont responsables du réchauffement climatique observé ces dernières décennies. Il est donc aujourd’hui indispensable de décarboner notre mode de vie, le secteur énergétique et notamment la production électrique. Les énergies renouvelables comme l’éolien et le photovoltaïque se sont fortement développées ces dernières années. Ces sources d’énergies présentent une contrainte majeure à leur développement : elles sont intermittentes et non pilotables pour équilibrer la demande. Plus la part de ces productions deviendra importante dans le mix électrique, plus les difficultés d’équilibrage de la demande deviendront problématiques.Dans ce travail doctoral, les productions éolienne terrestre et photovoltaïque ont été modélisées et corrigées suivant une distribution homogène à travers la France et l’Europe entre 1979 et 2015 d’après les réanalyses d’ERA-interim. Dans un second temps, un modèle simplifié d’équilibre entre l’offre renouvelable et la demande française (MSEOD) a été développé et appliqué sur la période des réanalyses ERA-interim de 1979 à 2015. Ce modèle vise à explorer le potentiel et les limites d’un foisonnement des énergies renouvelables suivant que le coût de l’électricité ou le volume d’énergie stocké est optimisé.Nous avons montré que la minimisation du coût de l’électricité (entre 186 et 194 e/MWh selon les scenarii) conduit à une faible surproduction (entre 10 à 20 %) avec d’importants moyens de stockage (puissance et volume d’énergie stockée - entre 20 et 81 heures de la consommation moyenne française), alors que le choix d’une minimisation du volume maximal d’énergie stockée conduit à une forte surproduction (entre 164 à 199 %) engendrant un coût de l’électricité environ deux fois supérieur (entre 373 et 488 e/MWh). Malgré une forte surproduction (proche de 200 % de la consommation moyenne), il est toujours nécessaire de disposer d’une puissance complémentaire (de déstockage et de production thermique) supérieure à la consommation moyenne pour permettre l’équilibrage de la demande lors de certains événements météorologiques dimensionnants le système. L’absence de contrainte du réseau sur les puissances importées permet de réduire d’un facteur 10 le volume maximal d’énergie stockée par rapport au cas d’une France en autarcie. La puissance complémentaire, nécessaire à l’équilibre de la demande française, n’est que marginalement réduite. Ce travail à montré que certains événements météorologiques conduisent à une très faible production renouvelable à l’échelle du contient européen. Le mix technologique optimal est fortement éolien, entre 68 à 100 % de la production renouvelable intermittente d’origine éolienne selon les scenarii et des LCOE testés. L’utilisation des coûts de production électrique plus faible (60 e/MWh pour le photovoltaïque et de 65 e/MWh pour l’éolien),conduit à un coût de l’électricité de l’ordre de 100 e/MWh pour une volume maximal du stockage correspondant à une journée de consommation moyenne Greenhouse gas emissions are responsible of the global warming observed in recent decades. It is therefore essential today to decarbonise our way of life, the energy sector and the production of electricity in particular. Renewable energies, such as wind and photovoltaic power, have developed strongly these last years. These sources of energy have a main constraint for their development : they are intermittent and non-controllable for balancing the demand. The share of these productions becomesimportant in the electricity mix, the larger the problems of balancing the demand will become.In this PhD study, terrestrial and photovoltaic wind generation were modeled and corrected according to an homogeneous distribution of capacities across France and Europe between 1979 and 2015 according to the ERA-interim reanalysis. In a second step, a simplified model of renewable supply and the French demand balancing (MSEOD) was developed and applied during the period of the ERAinterim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. The aims of this model is to explore the potential and the limits of renewable energies balancing depending on the cost optimisation of electricity or the minimisation of volume of energy stored.During this PhD thesis, we have shown that the cost optimisation of electricity (between 186 and 194 euro / MWh according to the scenarii) leads to a low overproduction (between 10 to 20 %) with an important storage capacity (power and stored energy - between 20 and 81 hours of the average consumption), while the minimization of the maximum sizing of stored energy leads to a high overproduction (between 164 to 199 %) generating electricity costs about twice as large (between 373 and 488 euro / MWh). Despite a strong overproduction (close to 200 % of the average consumption), an additional power (destocking and thermal production) large than the average consumption is still necessary for balancing the demand during sizing meteorological events. The absence of constraint of imported powers on the network makes it possible to reduce the maximum size of stored energy by a factor of 10 as compared to the case of a self-sufficient French production. The additional power required for the balance of energy is little reduced. This work has shown that some meteorological sizing events lead to a very low renewable production at European scale. The optimal technological mix is highly wind-powered. Between 68 and 100 % of the intermittent production mix comes from wind production (depending of the scenarii and the LCOEs tested). The use of electricity production using smaller cost (60 e/MWh for photovoltaïque and 65 e/MWh for wind production), leads to an electricity cost around 100 e/MWh for a maximum storage volume corresponding to a day of the average consumption

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Al, Zohbi Gaydaa. "Energie éolienne au Liban :analyse de son potentiel, de son stockage et de son impact environnemental." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/216682/4/Manuscrit.pdf.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer au développement de l'énergie éolienne au Liban et des problèmes de stockage qui y sont liés. Une analyse des caractéristiques du vent dans 14 sites libanais a été effectuée dans le but de sélectionner les sites optimaux pour l'implantation d'éoliennes. Après la sélection de ces cinq sites optimaux, le choix de l'éolienne adéquate et la détermination du nombre d'éoliennes qui pourrait être érigées dans chacun de ces cinq sites, une évaluation du potentiel éolien a été réalisée afin d'estimer la quantité d'électricité qui pourrait être produite par ces éoliennes. Les résultats montrent qu'il y a un excédent d'électricité produite par les éoliennes qui pourrait être enregistré pendant la nuit, ce qui nous a incités à travailler sur la conception et le dimensionnement d'un système de stockage hydraulique de l'énergie éolienne afin d'optimiser sa pénétration dans le réseau. Les cinq sites sélectionnés pour l'implantation d'éoliennes au Liban ont été soumis à la procédure d'évaluation et d'examen des impacts sur l'environnement, notamment sur le paysage et les oiseaux, ce qui aide à faciliter l'élaboration des projets prenant en compte tous les enjeux environnementaux. A la fin du travail, des pistes d'élaboration d'un règlement pour l'implantation d'éoliennes au Liban et une analyse économique du projet d'implantation d'éoliennes et d'un système de stockage ont été menées. The objective of this thesis is to investigate of the development of the wind power in Lebanon and storage related issues. An analysis of wind characteristics at 14 Lebanese sites was carried out in order to select the optimal sites for the implementation of wind turbines. After the optimization procedure (5 sites in final), the choice of the appropriate wind turbine (in terms of capacity) and the determination of the number of wind turbines that could be erected in each of selected sites, an evaluation of the wind potential has been performed to estimate the level of electrical power that could be produced. The results show that there is an overproduction of electricity could be registered during the night, which prompted us to work on the design and dimensioning of a hydraulic storage of wind energy system to optimize its penetration into the grid. The five selected sites for the installation of wind turbines in Lebanon were subjected to the evaluation process and review of environmental impacts, particularly regarding landscape and birds, which helps to facilitate project development taking into account all environmental issues. At the end of the work, tentative regulations to erect wind turbines in Lebanon and an economic analysis of the wind project and implementation of a storage system have been proposed. Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Chang, Tsun-Mei, and 張純美. "Potential of offshore wind energy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07670244274870703990.

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碩士 立德大學 資源環境研究所 96 In recent years, Taiwan grew continually along with the economy, the national income and the level of living promoted unceasingly, therefore energy consumption also fast growth, but because Taiwan area is small and has a large amount of population, under the limited energy, the energy mostly admires the import. Generally, if the energy imports origin and the type are excessively crowded. It will cause on the energy supplies to be indefinite and creates the domestic energy price and the economic atmosphere has the fluctuation. Taiwan is an island country, from produces the fossil energy extremely deficient, some 98.3% admire the import energy, because however Taiwan itself belongs to the monsoon climatic region country, itself has contained the quite rich the wind power resources, particularly the western coastal wind power is strong, very suitable to develop on-shore and the off-shore wind power generation. Base this, this research discusses potential of appraisal Taiwan disembark wind power generation. It expected that discovers the influence to the shore wind electric field establishment key aspect, the research first using Fuzzy AHP, analyzes a factor important sorting, discovers the key success factor, then way comments the quantity using European Wind Energy the Association to leave suitably to set up the disembark anemometer's site. After the analysis result discovery influence wind electric field establishment factor for wind energy, earthquake, land utilization, terrain, typhoon, to seacoast distance, aviation security. However, discovered in the quantification result that suits the wind electric field establishment site detectably first for Changpin open sea, Miaoli to Taichung, Jiayi to Tainan, Yilan sea area, Huadong open sea.

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Korkulu, Zafer. "Wind energy in Turkey : potential and economic viability." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2779.

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Turkey wants to encourage renewable electricity generation to reduce dependence on imported natural gas and meet its highly growing power demand. The government’s objective is to increase the share of renewable resources in electricity generation to at least 30 percent by 2023, and the specific target for the installed wind energy capacity is 20 GW by that date. Fortunately, Turkey has an enormous wind energy potential to exploit for electricity generation. When from “good” to “outstanding” wind clusters are taken into account, the overall technical wind power generation capacity in Turkey is calculated to be nearly 48 GW. In this context, this thesis investigates whether policy instruments in the Turkish regulatory frame contribute to economic viability for wind power projects or not. The financial results point out that an electricity price of 7.3 USD cent/kWh, which is the guaranteed price for wind power generation by current regulations, does not make a typical onshore wind power plant located in a “good” windy resource economically viable. However, when locally produced wing blades and turbine towers are used in the project, the purchase price increases to 8.7 USD cent/kWh, and the project becomes economically viable. As a result, the local content element introduced in recent regulations promotes wind energy investments and helps government to reach its renewable target for 2023. text

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Zucule, Jonas Nombora. "An evaluation of wind energy potential for power generation in Mozambique." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9702.

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Wind energy is a continuous, clean source of energy that can be harnessed for electricity generation or water pumping. The geographic location of Mozambique, and the long coastline renders the country a good wind energy potential that could potentially be exploited for water pumping or electrical power systems that have social and economic benefits and thereby contribute to a reduction in unsustainable practices of wood biomass burning which is the main source of energy in rural villages and high density suburbs of the main cities of the country. This study is focused on evaluating the potential of harnessing wind energy for electrical power generation in Mozambique using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Programme (WAsP) model. The study characterises wind speed patterns and wind frequency distributions at selected meteorological stations based on hourly observations, and models the available wind energy in coastal and interior areas. Meteorological parameters such as wind speed data from nearby meteorological stations and wind turbine characteristics were used as inputs into the model. To effectively harness wind energy, mean annual wind speeds should at least be 3 ms-1. For this reason only sites satisfying this criterion were selected. The spatial selection criteria considered a fair distribution of candidate sites such that coastal areas of the southern, northern and the interior Niassa and Nampula provinces were covered. The results of the WAsP model simulations, indicate that there is sufficient wind energy resource in both interior and coastal areas, which varies with height a.g.l., and that can be exploited for pumping water and generating electricity in small or medium electrical power systems, particularly the coastal areas of Ponta de Ouro, Mavelane, and Tofinho where the mean annual wind speed is above 5.0 ms-1 at the 10 m level and about 8.0 ms-1 at the highest levels (50 - 60 m a.g.l.) and interior area of Lichinga (mean annual wind speed of about 6 ms-1 at the same highest levels). The lowest wind energy potential (mean annual wind speed of about 4.0 ms-1) is found in the Nampula area. Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2012.

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Van, Vliet Laura. "Twenty-first century wind and solar energy potential in northern Canada." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13324.

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Northern regions of Canada are of special interest for renewable energy investment due to the high cost of traditional energy generation in remote communities (Das & Canizares 2016b). However, climate variability and change have a substantial impact on renewable energy yield and system vulnerability (e.g., Ravestein et al. 2018; van der Wiel et al. 2019), and the North will experience more dramatic impacts due to climate change compared with other parts of Canada (Serreze 2015). Using the Canadian Regional Climate Model Version 4 (CanRCM4) large ensemble driven by Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, current and future wind and solar energy potential, variability and covariability in northern Canada were assessed. Eight focal communities were additionally selected for in-depth analysis based on the work of Das & Canizares (2016b). Robust increases in annual average wind power potential (WPP) are projected across the northernmost part of the study area by 2070-2099 (up to 30%), with changes most pronounced in cold seasons. Decreases in WPP are projected for southern areas. Solar power potential (SPP) is projected to decrease across the study area, with robust changes emerging by as early as 2010-2039. For the focal communities, WPP stability (as measured through inter- and intra-annual variability) is projected to increase, while SPP stability is projected to decrease. The changes in WPP variability are associated with a dampening of the seasonal cycle of WPP in the north. Monthly mean WPP and SPP are negatively correlated, with approximately oppositely-phased seasonal cycles. Combined wind/solar installations therefore show reduced sub-annual variability, stabilizing power supplies relative to installations of solely wind or solar power. Drivers of change in WPP and SPP are complex, but changes in sea ice across the 21st century will play an important role for both WPP and SPP. Over the northern ocean regions, the influence of sea ice loss on roughness length is found to be more important than impacts on surface layer stability. Changes in storm winds also play a role, but impacts due to synoptic storm activity are difficult to distinguish from shifts in the wind speed distribution. Decreases in SPP can be attributed to projected reductions in downwelling shortwave radiation, which in turn are closely associated with changes in cloud characteristics (e.g., optical depth), as measured through CanRCM4 column liquid/ice water content. Clear-sky changes in shortwave radiation were not directly assessed, but are potentially impacted by robust increases in column water vapour. Overall, northern regions of Canada and the focal communities show high potential for renewable energy generation across the 21st century. Projected increases in wind power resources and wind power stability in the focal communities could enhance the cost-savings and emissions reductions predicted based on current climate assessments (e.g., Das & Canizares 2016b). With ever improving technologies and declining costs, the viability of renewable power in the north is likely to become even more certain in years to come. Graduate

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PaulusWinoto and 黃金龍. "Wind resource and potential energy yield from offshore wind farms in the coastal region of western Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36875982571475072979.

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碩士 國立成功大學 土木工程學系碩博士班 100 In recent years, many developed countries have been competing to explore new energy resources, especially in offshore wind turbines. Compared with, onshore wind turbines, offshore winds tend to flow at higher speeds. Consequently allowing offshore wind turbines to harness greater energy yields. This thesis investigates available offshore winds in western Taiwan. The WindFarm and Wind Atlas Application Program (WAsP) software is used in this study as a simulation tool to evaluate potential energy in western Taiwan. This thesis also analyzes the correlation between wake loss energy and topographic effect, roughness effect, position turbine to determine the best layout for western Taiwan area. In order to get the best layout for offshore wind turbine, mD x nD rule is also introduced as the way to obtain the smallest wake loss energy that caused by wind in each one area. WindFarm also has the ability to optimize wind turbine layout. To utilize this feature, a comparison between manual and automatic layouts has also been done. This thesis provides a summary of total maximum offshore wind turbine in western Taiwan according to the depth of sea.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wind energy potential'

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