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Journal articles on the topic 'Wind fetch'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Takagaki, Naohisa, Satoru Komori, Mizuki Ishida, Koji Iwano, Ryoichi Kurose, and Naoya Suzuki. "Loop-Type Wave-Generation Method for Generating Wind Waves under Long-Fetch Conditions." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 10 (2017): 2129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0043.1.

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AbstractIt is important to develop a wave-generation method for extending the fetch in laboratory experiments, because previous laboratory studies were limited to the fetch shorter than several dozen meters. A new wave-generation method is proposed for generating wind waves under long-fetch conditions in a wind-wave tank, using a programmable irregular-wave generator. This new method is named a loop-type wave-generation method (LTWGM), because the waves with wave characteristics close to the wind waves measured at the end of the tank are reproduced at the entrance of the tank by the programmab

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2

Caulliez, Guillemette, Vladimir Makin, and Vladimir Kudryavtsev. "Drag of the Water Surface at Very Short Fetches: Observations and Modeling." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 9 (2008): 2038–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3893.1.

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Abstract The specific properties of the turbulent wind stress and the related wind wave field are investigated in a dedicated laboratory experiment for a wide range of wind speeds and fetches, and the results are analyzed using the wind-over-waves coupling model. Compared to long-fetch ocean wave fields, wind wave fields observed at very short fetches are characterized by higher significant dominant wave steepness but a much smaller macroscale wave breaking rate. The surface drag dependence on fetch and wind then closely follows the dominant wave steepness dependence. It is found that the dime

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3

Lamont-Smith, T., and T. Waseda. "Wind Wave Growth at Short Fetch." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 7 (2008): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3712.1.

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Abstract Wave wire data from the large wind wave tank of the Ocean Engineering Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara, are analyzed, and comparisons are made with published data collected in four other wave tanks. The behavior of wind waves at various fetches (7–80 m) is very similar to the behavior observed in the other tanks. When the nondimensional frequency F* or nondimensional significant wave height H* is plotted against nondimensional fetch x*, a large scatter in the data points is found. Multivariate regression to the dimensional parameters shows that significant wav

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4

Holman, Bryan P., Steven M. Lazarus, and Michael E. Splitt. "A Fetch-Based Statistical Method to Bias Correct and Downscale Wind Speed over Unresolved Water Bodies." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 4 (2017): 1637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-17-0016.1.

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Abstract This paper presents a method to bias correct and downscale wind speed over water bodies that are unresolved by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and analyses. The dependency of wind speeds over water bodies to fetch length is investigated as a predictor of model wind speed error. Because model bias is found to be related to the forecast wind direction, a statistical method that uses the forecast fetch to remove wind speed bias is developed and tested. The method estimates wind speed bias using recent forecast errors from similar stations (i.e., those with comparable fetch leng

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5

Stiassnie, Michael. "Fetch-limited growth of wind waves." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 117, no. C11 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007579.

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6

Mao, Yadan, and Malcolm L. Heron. "The Influence of Fetch on the Response of Surface Currents to Wind Studied by HF Ocean Surface Radar." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 5 (2008): 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3709.1.

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Abstract The momentum transfer from wind to sea generates surface currents through both the wind shear stress and the Stokes drift induced by waves. This paper addresses issues in the interpretation of HF radar measurements of surface currents and momentum transfer from air to sea. Surface current data over a 30-day period from HF ocean surface radar are used to study the response of surface currents to wind. Two periods of relatively constant wind are identified—one for the short-fetch condition and the other for the long-fetch condition. Results suggest that the ratio of surface current spee

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7

Ardhuin, Fabrice, T. H. C. Herbers, Kristen P. Watts, Gerbrant Ph van Vledder, R. Jensen, and Hans C. Graber. "Swell and Slanting-Fetch Effects on Wind Wave Growth." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 4 (2007): 908–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3039.1.

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Abstract Wind-sea generation was observed during two experiments off the coast of North Carolina. One event with offshore winds of 9–11 m s−1 directed 20° from shore normal was observed with eight directional stations recording simultaneously and spanning a fetch from 4 to 83 km. An opposing swell of 1-m height and 10-s period was also present. The wind-sea part of the wave spectrum conforms to established growth curves for significant wave height and peak period, except at inner-shelf stations where a large alongshore wind-sea component was observed. At these short fetches, the mean wave dire

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8

Shimada, Susumu, Yuko Takeyama, Tetsuya Kogaki, Teruo Ohsawa, and Satoshi Nakamura. "Investigation of the Fetch Effect Using Onshore and Offshore Vertical LiDAR Devices." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (2018): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091408.

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An offshore wind measurement campaign using vertical light detection and ranging (LiDAR) devices was conducted at the Hazaki Oceanographic Research Station (HORS) as part of an investigation into determining the optimal distance from the coast for a nearshore wind farm from a meteorological perspective. The research platform was a 427 m long pier located on a rectilinear coastline on the Pacific coast of the central Honshu Island in Japan. The relationship between the ratios of the increase of wind speed near the surface and fetch length within 5 km of the coast was analyzed via LiDAR observat

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9

Lin, Weiqi, Lawrence P. Sanford, Steven E. Suttles, and Richard Valigura. "Drag Coefficients with Fetch-Limited Wind Waves*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 32, no. 11 (2002): 3058–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3058:dcwflw>2.0.co;2.

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10

GLAZMAN, ROMAN E. "Wind-fetch dependence of Seasat scatterometer measurements." International Journal of Remote Sensing 8, no. 11 (1987): 1641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168708954804.

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11

Hwang, Paul A., and Edward J. Walsh. "Azimuthal and Radial Variation of Wind-Generated Surface Waves inside Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 9 (2016): 2605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0051.1.

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AbstractFor wind-generated waves, the wind-wave triplets (reference wind speed, significant wave height, and spectral peak wave period) are intimately connected through the fetch- or duration-limited wave growth functions. The full set of the triplets can be obtained knowing only one of the three, together with the input of fetch (duration) information using the pair of fetch-limited (duration limited) wave growth functions. The air–sea energy and momentum exchanges are functions of the wind-wave triplets, and they can be quantified with the wind-wave growth functions. Previous studies have sh

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12

Hwang, Paul A., and Yalin Fan. "Effective Fetch and Duration of Tropical Cyclone Wind Fields Estimated from Simultaneous Wind and Wave Measurements: Surface Wave and Air–Sea Exchange Computation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 2 (2017): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0180.1.

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AbstractSimultaneous wind and wave measurements have been obtained inside tropical cyclones in several hurricane hunter missions. Analyses of these datasets show that the surface wave development inside hurricanes follows essentially the same duration- and fetch-limited growth functions established in steady wind forcing conditions. This paper explores the application of several parameterization functions of wind-wave systems to quantify the energy and momentum exchanges inside hurricanes from an initially limited input of the environmental parameters, such as the wind field alone. A critical

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13

Tamizi, Ali, and Ian R. Young. "The Spatial Distribution of Ocean Waves in Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 8 (2020): 2123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0020.1.

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AbstractThe spatial structure of both the wind and wave fields within tropical cyclones is investigated using two large databases. The first of these was compiled from global overpasses of tropical cyclones by satellite altimeters. The second dataset consists of an extensive collection of North American buoy measurements during the passage of tropical cyclones (hurricanes). The combined datasets confirm the vortex structure of the tropical cyclone wind field with the strongest winds to the right (Northern Hemisphere) of the storm. The wave field largely mirrors the wind field but with greater

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14

Högström, Ulf, Erik Sahlée, Ann-Sofi Smedman, et al. "The Transition from Downward to Upward Air–Sea Momentum Flux in Swell-Dominated Light Wind Conditions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 8 (2018): 2579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0334.1.

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Abstract Fifteen hours of consecutive swell data from the experiment Flux, État de la Mer, et Télédétection en Condition de Fetch Variable (FETCH) in the Mediterranean show a distinct upward momentum flux. The characteristics are shown to vary systematically with wind speed. A hysteresis effect is found for wave energy of the wind-sea waves when represented as a function of wind speed, displaying higher energy during decaying winds compared to increasing winds. For the FETCH measurements, the upward momentum transfer regime is found to begin for wind speeds lower than about U = 4 m s−1. For th

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15

Temmink, Ralph J. M., Martijn Dorenbosch, Leon P. M. Lamers, et al. "Growth forms and life-history strategies predict the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes in relation to environmental factors in a shallow peat lake complex." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 17 (2021): 3987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04618-6.

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AbstractAquatic ecosystems provide vital services, and macrophytes play a critical role in their functioning. Conceptual models indicate that in shallow lakes, plants with different growth strategies are expected to inhabit contrasting habitats. For shallow peat lakes, characterized by incohesive sediments, roles of growth forms, life-history strategies and environmental factors in determining the occurrence of aquatic vegetation remain unknown. In a field survey, we sampled 64 points in a peat lake complex and related macrophyte occurrence to growth forms (floating-leaved rooted and submerged

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16

Fontaine, Emmanuel. "A Theoretical Explanation of the Fetch- and Duration-Limited Laws." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 2 (2013): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0190.1.

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Abstract The evolution of wind-induced ocean waves is studied theoretically. The modeling assumes that wave groups evolve independently of each other in a state of local equilibrium between wind-pumping- and wave-breaking-induced dissipation. The well-known fetch and duration laws appear as natural solutions of the model in the case of a constant wind speed. The link between the fetch and duration laws is explained, and the results are successfully validated against various experimental data.

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17

Zakharov, V. E. "Theoretical interpretation of fetch limited wind-drivensea observations." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12, no. 6 (2005): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-1011-2005.

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Abstract. We show that the results of major fetch limited field studies of wind-generated surface gravity waves on deep water can be explained in the framework of simple analytical model. The spectra measured in these experiments are described by self-similar solutions of ``conservative" Hasselmann equation that includes only advective and nonlinear interaction terms. Interaction with the wind and dissipation due to the wave breaking indirectly defines parameters of the self-similar solutions.

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18

GILLETTE, DALE A., GARY HERBERT, PAUL H. STOCKTON, and P. R. OWEN. "CAUSES OF THE FETCH EFFECT IN WIND EROSION." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, no. 7 (1996): 641–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199607)21:7<641::aid-esp662>3.0.co;2-9.

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19

Hancock, Philip E., and Paul Hayden. "Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Approximately Horizontally Homogeneous Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 180, no. 1 (2021): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00611-7.

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AbstractTwo cases of an overlying inversion imposed on a stable boundary layer are investigated, extending the work of Hancock and Hayden (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 168:29–57, 2018; 175:93–112, 2020). Vertical profiles of Reynolds stresses and heat flux show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour over a streamwise fetch of more than eight boundary-layer heights. However, profiles of mean temperature and velocity show closely horizontally homogeneous behaviour only in the top two-thirds of the boundary layer. In the lower one-third the temperature decreases with fetch, directly as a consequen

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20

McCormick, Michael E. "Application of the Generic Spectral Formula to Fetch-Limited Seas." Marine Technology Society Journal 33, no. 3 (1999): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.33.3.4.

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A deep-water spectral formula, based on the Weibull probability distribution of wave periods, is modified to satisfy fetch-limited conditions for wind-generated seas Results of this generic spectral formula are compared with those obtained using the specific JONSWAP formula, in which the empirical parameters resulting from specific wind and fetch conditions are used. The comparisons are shown to be excellent for three of the five cases studied. For the last two cases, the generic formula is shown to be somewhat nonconservative near the spectral peak. In addition to the comparisons with the spe

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21

Hwang, Paul A., Héctor García-Nava, and Francisco J. Ocampo-Torres. "Observations of Wind Wave Development in Mixed Seas and Unsteady Wind Forcing*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 12 (2011): 2343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-044.1.

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Abstract Theoretical study and experimental verification of wind wave generation and evolution focus generally on ideal conditions of steady state and quiescent initial background, of which the ideal fetch-limited wind wave growth is an important benchmark. In nature, unsteady winds and swell presence are more common. Here, the observations of wind wave development in mixed seas under unsteady and quasi-steady wind forcing are presented. With reference to the ideal fetch-limited growth functions established under steady wind forcing in the absence of swell, the analysis shows that the wind-ste

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22

Shestakova, Anna A., Stanislav A. Myslenkov, and Alexandra M. Kuznetsova. "Influence of Novaya Zemlya Bora on Sea Waves: Satellite Measurements and Numerical Modeling." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070726.

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This paper investigates for the first time sea waves during Novaya Zemlya bora—a downslope windstorm on the western coast of the archipelago during eastern winds—using a statistical and case-study approach. Statistical analysis of altimeter data off the western coast of Novaya Zemlya during bora shows that, despite strong wind forcing, the frequency of hazard wave heights was low due to the limited fetch. This result was confirmed by the high-resolution numerical simulations of two severe bora episodes. However, the influence of bora on sea waves in some cases was significant: bora increased w

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23

Hisaki, Yukiharu. "Sea Surface Wind Correction Using HF Ocean Radar and Its Impact on Coastal Wave Prediction." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 9 (2017): 2001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0249.1.

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AbstractBoth wind speeds and wind directions are important for predicting wave heights near complex coastal areas, such as small islands, because the fetch is sensitive to the wind direction. High-frequency (HF) radar can be used to estimate sea surface wind directions from first-order scattering. A simple method is proposed to correct sea surface wind vectors from reanalysis data using the wind directions estimated from HF radar. The constraints for wind speed corrections are that the corrections are small and that the corrections of horizontal divergences are small. A simple algorithm for so

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24

Heron, M. L. "Directional Spreading of Short Wavelength Fetch-Limited Wind Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, no. 2 (1987): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0281:dsoswf>2.0.co;2.

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25

Zhang, ZhengCai, ZhiBao Dong, and AiGuo Zhao. "Observations of Gobi aeolian transport and wind fetch effect." Science China Earth Sciences 55, no. 8 (2011): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4326-7.

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26

Prata, Ademir A., Milena J. Calvo, Gaetano Boncardo, et al. "Influence of the fetch parameter on results from empirical correlations for estimating odorous emissions at passive liquid surfaces." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 10 (2016): 2384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.421.

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Passive liquid surfaces in wastewater treatment plants may be potential sources of odorous emissions. This study investigates the occurrence and significance of deviations that may originate from the use of the effective diameter as fetch parameter in the empirical correlations utilised by the WATER9 model to estimate odorous emissions at passive liquid surfaces. A sensitivity analysis was performed using benzene as a model compound and considering representative conditions of wind speed and wind alignment. The gas-film mass transfer coefficient (kG) was found relatively in sensitive to the ch

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27

Calvo, Milena J., Ademir A. Prata, Leonardo Hoinaski, Jane M. Santos, and Richard M. Stuetz. "Sensitivity analysis of the WATER9 model: emissions of odorous compounds from passive liquid surfaces present in wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 3 (2018): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.271.

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Abstract Empirical mathematical models have been frequently used to estimate emissions and to act in the prevention of possible impacts from odorous compounds. Based on the regulatory WATER9 model, the present study had the aim to evaluate the deviations originating from the simplification of using the effective diameter (in contrast to the conceptually appropriate use of the linear physical fetch) as fetch parameter in the calculation of the global mass transfer coefficient at passive liquid surfaces at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The present analysis incorporated the influence of di

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28

Perrie, Will, and Bechara Toulany. "Fetch Relations for Wind-Generated Waves as a Function of Wind-Stress Scaling." Journal of Physical Oceanography 20, no. 11 (1990): 1666–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1666:frfwgw>2.0.co;2.

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29

Isoguchi, Osamu, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Coastal Wind Jets Flowing into the Tsushima Strait and Their Effect on Wind-Wave Development." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 2 (2007): 564–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3858.1.

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Abstract Coastal wind jets that flow into the Tsushima Strait, Japan, and their effects on wind waves are investigated using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and altimeter-derived wind and waves. The coastal wind jets appear in 7 of 28 SAR-derived wind fields under the conditions of ambient southeasterly winds. Atmospheric conditions corresponding to the appearance of the coastal wind jets are examined by a high-resolution atmospheric community model, which indicates that stratified flows are influenced by the land topography and then pass through the strait forming low-level jet flows. S

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30

Vilhena, Ricardo, Márcia Mascarenha, Maurício Sales, Patrícia Romão, and Marta Luz. "Estimating the Wind-Generated Wave Erosivity Potential: The Case of the Itumbiara Dam Reservoir." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020342.

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The impact of wind waves is a process that affect reservoir shorelines, causing economic and environmental damage. The objective of this paper is to analyze the erosive potential of waves generated by winds at the shoreline of a large tropical reservoir of the Itumbiara Dam that stands along the Paranaiba River in the Midwest of Brazil. A GIS-based analysis was carried out using a wave fetch model tool (WAVE) developed by the US Geological Survey with wind data from a Doppler sensor (SODAR—SOnic Detection and Ranging) and an ultrasonic anemometer. A wave erosivity potential map was generated c

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31

Takane, Yuya, Hiroaki Kondo, Hiroyuki Kusaka, et al. "Foehnlike Wind with a Traditional Foehn Effect plus Dry-Diabatic Heating from the Ground Surface Contributing to High Temperatures at the End of a Leeward Area." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 7 (2017): 2067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0257.1.

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AbstractA foehn wind is an important factor in the occurrence of many extreme high-temperature events in geographically complex regions. In this study, the authors verified the hypothesis that a foehnlike wind contributes to high temperatures at the end of the leeward (eastward) area using three difference approaches: field experiments, numerical experiments, and statistical analyses. According to the hypothesis, a foehnlike wind has the features of the sum of a traditional foehn effect with adiabatic heating, plus dry-diabatic heating from the ground surface along the fetch of the wind. Field

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32

Hage, Pam, Gerben Ruessink, Zilla van Aartrijk, and Jasper Donker. "Using Video Monitoring to Test a Fetch-Based Aeolian Sand Transport Model." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020110.

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Transport of beach sand to the foredune by wind is essential for dunes to grow. The aeolian sand transport rate is related to wind velocity, but wind-based models often overpredict this transport for narrow beaches (<100 m). To better predict aeolian sand transport, the fetch-based Aeolus model was developed. Here, we qualitatively test this model by comparing its transport-rate output to visual signs of aeolian transport on video imagery collected at Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands, during a six-month winter period. The Aeolus model and the Argus images often agree on the timing of aeolian

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33

Rashmi, R., V. M. Aboobacker, P. Vethamony, and M. P. John. "Co-existence of wind seas and swells along the west coast of India during non-monsoon season." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 5 (2012): 3097–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3097-2012.

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Abstract. Wave data collected along the west coast of India (off Goa, Ratnagiri and Dwarka) during non-monsoon season have been analysed to study the co-existence of wind seas and swells. Diurnal variation in wind and wave parameters is noticeable along the central west coast of India (off Goa and Ratnagiri), and this is not present along the northwest coast of India (off Dwarka). Swells are predominantly mature (91%) and old (88%) during late pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Sea Swell Energy Ratio quantifies wind sea, swell and mixed seas prevailing in the regions during no

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Bowyer, Peter J., and Allan W. MacAfee. "The Theory of Trapped-Fetch Waves with Tropical Cyclones—An Operational Perspective." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 3 (2005): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf849.1.

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Abstract The majority of high wave events and almost all cases of extreme or phenomenal wave growth are the result of a high degree of synchronicity between moving storms and the waves that they generate. This wave containment or resonance phenomenon, referred to as trapped-fetch waves, has been known for generations, but not always well understood by forecasters. The twofold threat of trapped-fetch waves is that they have the potential for extreme growth, yet are unheralded by leading swell. Conceptual and numerical Lagrangian reference frame experiments on wave containment are presented, ill

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MacAfee, Allan W., and Peter J. Bowyer. "The Modeling of Trapped-Fetch Waves with Tropical Cyclones—A Desktop Operational Model." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 3 (2005): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf850.1.

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Abstract The authors’ development of an underlying theory of trapped-fetch waves with tropical cyclones was presented in an earlier paper. Based on this work a simple, desktop Lagrangian-based trapped-fetch wave model was developed. Although initially a training tool, operational meteorologists recognized that the model could assist them in real-time assessment of trapped-fetch wave potential. Hence, the model was integrated into the Canadian Hurricane Centre’s operational prediction workstation. Because of this integration and the computational speed of the model, after reviewing the output f

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Romero, Leonel, and W. Kendall Melville. "Airborne Observations of Fetch-Limited Waves in the Gulf of Tehuantepec." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 3 (2010): 441–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4127.1.

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Abstract The authors present airborne observations of fetch-limited waves during strong offshore winds in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The measurements, collected over a wide range of fetches, include one- and two-dimensional surface wavenumber spectra and turbulent fluxes in winds up to 25 m s−1. The evolution of the wave spectra is in good agreement with the fetch relationships from previous observations. The tails of the observed one-dimensional k1 spectra, in the dominant wave direction, exhibit a power law over a wide range of wavenumbers. The authors present the first quantification of the t

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Dita, Andrei Raphael, Eric Cruz, and Jose Carlo Eric Santos. "COASTAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A FETCH-LIMITED STORM-TRACKED LACUSTRINE MARINA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 31, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.18.

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A marina for small crafts is being planned to be built within Caliraya Lake situated at an elevation of 290m above Mean Sea Level (maMSL). Unlike sea-connected water bodies, the water level of Caliraya Lake is largely influenced not by tidal fluctuations, but by the operational water level requirements of the hydroelectric power plant that it caters to. Due to the large difference in the Normal High Water Level (NHWL) and Minimum Operating Level (MOL) of the lake of 2.5m, a floating pontoon marina with guide piles was contemplated to be used. The marina analysis and design approaches implement

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Fisher, Alexander W., Lawrence P. Sanford, and Steven E. Suttles. "Wind Stress Dynamics in Chesapeake Bay: Spatiotemporal Variability and Wave Dependence in a Fetch-Limited Environment." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 10 (2015): 2679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0004.1.

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AbstractThe spatiotemporal variability of wind stress dynamics in Chesapeake Bay has been investigated using a combination of observations and numerical modeling. Direct measurements of momentum and surface heat fluxes were collected using an ultrasonic anemometer deployed on a fixed tower in the middle reaches of Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 2012 along with collocated wave measurements. These measurements were compared to bulk estimates of wind stress using wave-dependent formulations of the Charnock parameter (alpha). Results indicate that a constant alpha value of 0.018 reasonably repres

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Liao, Ying-Po, and James M. Kaihatu. "Numerical Investigation of Wind Waves in the Persian Gulf: Bathymetry Effects." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 1 (2016): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0066.1.

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AbstractThe effects of bathymetry on the process of wind-wave generation in the Persian Gulf have been investigated using a long-term hindcasting analysis. A 5-yr (2004–08) hindcasting procedure is first performed (denoted as origin) by using the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model and COAMPS wind field data. Two alternative scenarios, in which wave breaking (noBrek) and depth-induced refraction (noRefc) are deactivated, are also generated. By comparing the results from alternative cases with those from the ordinary cases, a 5-yr total energy deviation (TED) is calculated and presented as

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Pan, Yu Ping, Su Fang Ge, and Wen Yu Sha. "Comparison Studies on Sea Surface Roughness Schemes." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2751.

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The data, originated from the RASEX experiment and the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment. RASEX experiment took place at an offshore wind turbine site in the Baltic Sea in 1994, it is representative of the fetch-limited conditions; SWADE experiment was carried out off the Atlantic coast of the United States in 1990, it is representative of the wind-sea/swell conditions. Both datasets are used to test sea surface roughness schemes by using bulk algorithm. The aim of this study is to better understand the sensitively of the surface momentum fluxes to choice of surface roughness parameterization a

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Wong, Hollis, and Wayne Stephenson. "Onshore Bar Migration in a Fetch/Limited Strong Wind Bay." Journal of Coastal Research 61 (December 2011): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si61-001.59.

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Islam, Muhammad Rabiul, Mahmudul Hasan Akib, Fariha Tabassum, and Khandakar Akhter Hossain. "ON THE INVESTIGATION OF WIND GENERATED WAVES IN BANGLADESH RIVERS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY REQUIREMENTS IN INLAND VESSEL DESIGN." Brodogradnja 72, no. 3 (2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod72304.

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Standard environmental condition is one of the main inputs in designing a vessel especially in assessment of stability condition. The performance based minimum stability requirements are determined by assessing vessels' dynamic failure modes. Winds as well as wind generated waves are the main factors that affect a specific vessel’s dynamics. Wind generated waves in rivers though are usually small in comparison with ocean waves may play a crucial role behind inland vessels accidents. The river condition of a crucial location in Bangladesh inland river routes is assessed where wind velocities ha

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Klipp, Cheryl. "Wind Direction Dependence of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence Parameters in the Urban Roughness Sublayer." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 12 (2007): 2086–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2006jamc1298.1.

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Abstract A variety of atmospheric boundary layer parameters are examined as a function of wind direction in both urban and suburban settings in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, derived from measurements during the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign. Heterogeneous surface characteristics result in significant differences in upwind fetch and, therefore, statistically significant differences in measured values, even for small changes in wind direction. Taller upwind obstructions yield larger measured values of drag coefficient and turbulence intensity than do shorter upwind obstructions regardless of whethe

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Zachry, Brian C., John L. Schroeder, Andrew B. Kennedy, Joannes J. Westerink, Chris W. Letchford, and Mark E. Hope. "A Case Study of Nearshore Drag Coefficient Behavior during Hurricane Ike (2008)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 9 (2013): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0321.1.

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AbstractOver the past decade, numerous field campaigns and laboratory experiments have examined air–sea momentum exchange in the deep ocean. These studies have changed the understanding of drag coefficient behavior in hurricane force winds, with a general consensus that a limiting value is reached. Near the shore, wave conditions are markedly different than in deep water because of wave shoaling and breaking processes, but only very limited data exist to assess drag coefficient behavior. Yet, knowledge of the wind stress in this region is critical for storm surge forecasting, evaluating the lo

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Rashmi, R., V. M. Aboobacker, P. Vethamony, and M. P. John. "Co-existence of wind seas and swells along the west coast of India during non-monsoon season." Ocean Science 9, no. 2 (2013): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-281-2013.

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Abstract. An attempt has been made to understand the co-existence of wind seas and swells along the west coast of India during non-monsoon season. Wave data were collected in different years during non-monsoon season (off Goa during May 2005, off Ratnagiri during January–February 2008 and off Dwarka during December 2007–January 2008), which is fairly a calm weather season along these regions. Diurnal variation in wave parameters is noticeable along the central west coast of India (off Goa and Ratnagiri), which is due to the interaction of multidirectional waves (both wind seas and swells) of v

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Lükő, Gabriella, Péter Torma, Tamás Krámer, Tamás Weidinger, Zeljko Vecenaj, and Branko Grisogono. "Observation of wave-driven air–water turbulent momentum exchange in a large but fetch-limited shallow lake." Advances in Science and Research 17 (August 25, 2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-175-2020.

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Abstract. Wind-induced waves play a key role in air–sea momentum and heat exchange. Fetch-limited shallow lakes differ significantly from open ocean circumstances since the wave field is characterized by young and growing waves that (i) are steeper and can collapse by white-capping at lower wind speeds, and (ii) travel with lower phase velocity. Consequently, momentum (and heat) flux estimation methods arising from oceanographic observations cannot be directly applied; however, few attempts have been made to describe air–water turbulent exchange in case of large, but still fetch-limited shallo

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Lawrence, G. A., P. R. B. Ward, and M. D. MacKinnon. "Wind-wave-induced suspension of mine tailings in disposal ponds – a case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (1991): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-127.

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Linear wave theory and wave hindcasting are applied to derive an expression for the depth of water needed to prevent the wind-wave-induced suspension of sediments in mine tailings ponds. The depth is expressed as a function of four factors: the threshold velocity, the wind velocity, the fetch over which the wind blows, and a factor based on the statistical distribution of wave heights. This study was motivated by the need to determine the thickness of water required to prevent the suspension of sludge solids in existing and proposed tailings ponds at Syncrude Canada Ltd.'s oil sands plant. Alt

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Shimada, Teruhisa, Osamu Isoguchi, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Numerical Simulations of Wind Wave Growth under a Coastal Wind Jet through the Kanmon Strait." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 6 (2008): 1162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007075.1.

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Abstract The development of a coastal wind jet flowing through the Kanmon Strait and the associated wind wave growth are investigated from a case study on 24–26 July 1999. This study presents a realistic example of fetch-limited wave growth under a developing wind jet outflowing from a terrestrial gap of a coast. A series of numerical simulations are used by one-way coupling between a mesoscale meteorological model and a shallow-water wave model with high spatiotemporal resolutions of 2 km and 1 h. The simulated fields of wind and wave are compared with satellite and in situ observations and i

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Kapustin, Vladimir N., Antony D. Clarke, Steven G. Howell, Cameron S. McNaughton, Vera L. Brekhovskikh, and Jingchuan Zhou. "Evaluating Primary Marine Aerosol Production and Atmospheric Roll Structures in Hawaii’s Natural Oceanic Wind Tunnel*." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 5 (2012): 668–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00079.1.

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Abstract Topography-induced steady-state accelerated wind flow in the Alenuihaha Channel between the islands of Hawaii and Maui provides about 100 km of fetch with winds that can nearly double over trade wind speed. Here ship- and aircraft-based observations of meteorological parameters and aerosols in Hawaii’s orographic natural “wind tunnel” are used for the study of sea salt aerosol (SSA) production, evolution, and related optical effects under clean oceanic conditions. There are certain advantages of channel measurements, such as a broad and uniform upstream area usually filled with backgr

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Sakai, A., K. Nishimura, T. Kadota, and N. Takeuchi. "Onset of calving at supraglacial lakes on debris-covered glaciers of the Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 193 (2009): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152555.

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AbstractField surveys of supraglacial ponds on debris-covered glaciers in the Nepal Himalaya clarify that ice-cliff calving occurs when the fetch exceeds ∼80 m. Thermal undercutting is important for calving processes in glacial lakes, and subaqueous ice melt rates during the melt and freeze seasons are therefore estimated under simple geomorphologic conditions. In particular, we focus on the differences between valley wind-driven water currents in various fetches during the melt season. Our results demonstrate that the subaqueous ice melt rate exceeds the ice-cliff melt rate when the fetch is

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