Academic literature on the topic 'Wind generated electricity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Lu, X., M. B. McElroy, and J. Kiviluoma. "Global potential for wind-generated electricity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 27 (June 22, 2009): 10933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904101106.
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Vosper, Fred C., and R. Nolan Clark. "Autonomous Wind-Generated Electricity for Induction Motors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268257.
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A wind turbine with variable-voltage, variable-frequency electrical output was used to power resistive loads and induction motors in an autonomous system. The AC system was selected because AC motors, in multiple kilowatt sizes, can be more practical than DC motors. A wind turbine which produces electricity has a lower overall efficiency than a system producing mechanical power but offers more flexibility in adapting to varying loads and in locating the wind turbine near the load. A permanent magnet alternator designed to operate with a rotor speed from 70 to 150 r/min was first operated in the laboratory. The frequency of the output varied from 30 to 65 Hz, while the voltage changed from 85 to 218 V, resulting in voltage to frequency ratios (V/f) from 2.6 to 3.3 with various loads. The alternator, with a maximum rated output of 9 kW, provided power to resistive load or induction motor loads. The tests revealed that standard three-phase, 240 V, 60 Hz, AC induction motors will operate with an input of 85 V and 30 Hz. A motor temperature rise of 40° C above ambient was not exceeded when power was supplied by the alternator to a 7.6 kW motor. System efficiencies were nearly equivalent to those obtained with utility power, even though the V/f was below that calculated from the motor’s nameplate. The wind energy conversion system (WECS) was then operated in wind-speeds of 3.5 m/s or greater. This WECS was capable of providing power to satisfactorily operate induction motors in an autonomous system.
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F. C. Vosper and R. N. Clark. "Water Pumping with Autonomous Wind-Generated Electricity." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 4 (1985): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32429.
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McElroy, M. B., X. Lu, C. P. Nielsen, and Y. Wang. "Potential for Wind-Generated Electricity in China." Science 325, no. 5946 (September 10, 2009): 1378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1175706.
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Gunda, L., E. Chikuni, H. Tazvinga, and J. Mudare. "Estimating wind power generation capacity in Zimbabwe using vertical wind profile extrapolation techniques: A case study." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8205.
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Only 40% of Zimbabwe’s population has access to electricity. The greater proportion of the power is generated from thermal stations, with some from hydro and solar energy sources. However, there is little investment in the use of wind for electricity generation except for small installations in the Eastern Highlands, as Zimbabwe generally has wind speeds which are too low to be utilised for electricity generation. This paper presents the use of vertical wind profile extrapolation methods to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind at different hub heights in Zimbabwe, using the Hellman and exponential laws to estimate wind speeds. The estimated wind speeds are used to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind. Mangwe district in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe was used as a test site. Online weather datasets were used to estimate the wind speeds. The investigation shows that a 2.5kW wind turbine installation in Mangwe can generate more than 3MWh of energy per annum at hub heights above 40m, which is enough to supply power to a typical Zimbabwean rural village. This result will encourage investment in the use of wind to generate electricity in Zimbabwe.
Highlights
Wind power utilisation is low in Zimbabwe.
Vertical wind profile is estimated using extrapolation methods.
Online weather data for soil and water analysis tool was used.
Electricity can viably be generated from wind in Zimbabwe.
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Cullen, Joseph. "Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind-Generated Electricity." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 5, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.4.107.
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Production subsidies for renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, are rationalized by their environmental benefits. Subsidizing these projects allows clean, renewable technologies to produce electricity that otherwise would have been produced by dirtier, fossil-fuel power plants. In this paper, I quantify the emissions offset by wind power for a large electricity grid in Texas using the randomness inherent in wind power availability. When accounting for dynamics in the production process, the results indicate that only for high estimates of the social costs of pollution does the value of emissions offset by wind power exceed cost of renewable energy subsidies. (JEL L94, L98, Q42, Q48, Q51, Q53, Q54)
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Spear, Brian. "Wind generated electricity – We have been here before." World Patent Information 36 (March 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2013.11.004.
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Oree, Vishwamitra, and Arvind Rajoo. "The Potential for Wind-Generated Electricity in Mauritius." International Journal of Green Energy 12, no. 8 (July 3, 2014): 821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.888657.
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Valenti, Michael. "Proving Wind Power in New England." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 08 (August 1, 1998): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-aug-9.
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This article discusses that despite of the challenging winter weather conditions the largest windmill-based power plant located on East of Mississippi has been exceeding performance expectations. Green Mountain Power selected the Searsburg site because of its powerful and persistent winds and its proximity to existing access roads and transmission lines. The stronger winter winds enable the plant to generate more electricity at the time it is most needed. Indeed, the wind power plant at Searsburg, the largest east of the Mississippi River, is expected to have a positive effect on the environment by reducing the need to burn fossil fuels in other parts of New England. Green Mountain Power estimates that the electricity generated by the Searsburg plant will eliminate approximately 22 million pounds of air emissions per year that would have been generated by adding fossil fuel-burning capacity.
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Awg. Osman, Dygku Asmanissa, Norzanah Rosmin, Nor Shahida Hasan, Baharruddin Ishak, Aede Hatib Mustaamal@Jamal, and Mariyati Marzuki. "Savonius Wind Turbine Performances on Wind Concentrator." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp376-383.
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The air streams from the outlet of an air compressor can be used to generate electricity. For instance, if a micro-sized Vertical-Axis Wind-Turbine (VAWT) is installed towards the airflow, some amount of electricity can be generated before being stored in a battery bank. The research’s objectives are to design, fabricate and analyze the performance of Helical Savonius VAWT blade rotors, which is tested with and without using a wind concentrator. The Helical Savonius VAWT is tested at 0 cm without the concentrator, whereas the blade rotor is tested at concave-blade position when using the concentrator. The blade and the wind concentrator designs were based on the dimensions and the constant airflow of the air compressor. The findings suggested that the blade produced its best performance when tested using wind concentrator at concave-blade position in terms of angular speed (<em>ω</em>), tip speed ratio (<em>TSR</em>) and the generated electrical power (<em>P</em><em><sub>E</sub></em>). The findings concluded that the addition of wind concentrator increases the airflow which then provided better performances on the blades.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Halliday, J. A. "Wind meteorology and the integration of electricity generated by wind turbines." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21325.
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The generation of electricity using wind turbines is now widespread and commercially viable. There are two aspects of wind energy which are critically important. Firstly, the evaluation of the wind resource, both on nationally and on a local scale. Secondly, the integration of electricity generated by wind turbines into existing electricity grids without reducing the reliability of supply or reducing the overall economic efficiency of the system. This thesis examines both these aspects. Chapters 3 and 4 are concerned with the large scale utilisation of wind energy. Chapter 3 discusses the suitability for wind energy evaluation of the data held by the UK Meteorological office, describes the results of a detailed examination of over 130 station-years of hourly data, and recommends areas of further study as well as a UK standard for site description. Chapter 4 describes a computer model used to examine the effects of integrating wind-generated electricity into the CEGB National Grid and the results obtained with it. The relative importance of dispersal of wind turbines, load and wind forecasting, variation of turbine characteristics and inter-annual variability of wind speed is determined. Chapters 5 and 6 are concerned with a detailed evaluation of thewind energy potential on the Shetland island group. Chapter 5 describes the planning, testing and installation of two hill-top monitoring stations on Shetland and the results found. Chapter 6 describes the development of a computer model of the Shetland Power Station, which is used to examine how the introduction of wind turbines would affect the operation of the power station and the maximum energy penetration possible before power cuts occur. Both chapters conclude with detailed recommendations which will be of worldwide use as the wind energy potential of other diesel-fuelled grids is determined.
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Zalengera, Collen. "A study into the techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic and wind generated electricity for enhancement of sustainable livelihoods on Likoma Island in Malawi." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16630.
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This research investigated the techno-economic feasibility of increasing hours of electricity services on Likoma Island in Malawi; making use of solar photovoltaic and wind power in order to enhance sustainable livelihood. Likoma Island grid is operated independent of the mainland grid; and the island is supplied electricity by diesel generators which are scheduled for only 14 hours per day. The limited hours of electricity supply constrains the delivery of essential services and hinders people from achieving sustainable livelihoods. The research used empirical and modelled data of solar irradiance and hub height wind speed, photovoltaic and wind energy systems costs, diesel-generator operation costs, energy needs, energy use patterns, electricity demand profile, and prevailing socioeconomic conditions. Diesel, photovoltaic, and wind based energy systems feeding the Island s grid; and autonomous photovoltaic and wind energy systems for selected essential institutions were modelled and simulated using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables. Energy system solutions are proposed indicating cost factors and opportunities for the enhancement of sustainable livelihoods. The thesis argues that with the financial resources committed to the prevailing 14-hours supply of electricity by diesel generators, it is feasible to provide Likoma Island with electricity for 24 hours every day by photovoltaic and wind based energy systems. A deployment model which uses excess energy from the modelled photovoltaic and wind power systems to serve non-grid loads and livelihood activities which are difficult to account for when sizing embedded renewable energy systems has been developed. The findings provide cost projections of photovoltaic and wind energy systems relative to diesel generators upon which investment and policy decisions can be made. Microscale wind maps at 10 m, 25 m, 40 m and 50 m have been developed for identification of potential wind turbine sites. Empirical socioeconomic data which are essential for the design of delivery mechanisms for renewable energy systems have been generated. The deployment model proposed by the research gives new insights into holistic ways of enhancing sustainable energy access in low-income communities. The interdisciplinary insights provided by this thesis can be applied in other countries and communities with similar socioeconomic contexts to Likoma Island.
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Martin, Kirk Alan. "Site Specific Optimization of Rotor/Generator Sizing of Wind Turbines." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13971.
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The optimum configuration of rotor-to-generator size for wind turbines is dependent upon the wind resource and is the configuration that produces the most electrical energy at a fixed capital cost. This optimization study held the combined cost of the rotor plus generator constant, but varied the respective sizes of the rotor and generator within this constraint. Total annual electrical energy was computed for each configuration at a series of wind resources each defined by a different Weibull probability distribution. In each case the configuration that produced the most electrical energy was determined to be the optimum. The fixed capital cost was also varied to see the effect on the optimum at each wind resource. It was found that the optimal rotor-to-generator size decreased as the average wind speed at a resource increased, and increased as Weibull shape parameter k increased. The optimal rotor-to-generator size decreased at a constant wind resource as the fixed capital cost increased. In each case there was a corresponding optimal capacity factor which never exceeded 0.5. Capacity factors above this optimum resulted in less electrical energy being produced for the same capital cost. The final product of the study is a series of graphs showing the optimum rotor size for a given generator size at a series of wind resources.
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Kiprakis, Aristides E. "Increasing the capacity of distributed generation in electricity networks by intelligent generator control." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12264.
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The rise of environmental awareness as well as the unstable global fossil fuel market has brought about government initiatives to increase electricity generation from renewable energy sources. These resources tend to be geographically and electrically remote from load centres. Consequently many Distributed Generators (DGs) are expected to be connected to the existing Distribution Networks (DNs), which have high impedance and low X/R ratios. Intermittence and unpredictability of the various types of renewable energy sources can be of time scales of days (hydro) down to seconds (wind, wave). As the time scale becomes smaller, the output of the DG becomes more difficult to accommodate in the DN. With the DGs operating in constant power factor mode, intermittence of the output of the generator combined with the high impedance and low X/R ratios of the DN will cause voltage variations above the statutory limits for quality of supply. This is traditionally mitigated by accepting increased operation of automated network control or network reinforcement. However, due to the distributed nature of RES, automating or reinforcing the DN can be expensive and difficult solutions to implement. The Thesis proposed was that new methods of controlling DG voltage could enable the connection of increased capacities of plant to existing DNs without the need for network management or reinforcement. The work reported here discusses the implications of the increasing capacity of DG in rural distribution networks on steady-state voltage profiles. Two methods of voltage compensation are proposed. The first is a deterministic system that uses a set of rules to intelligently switch between voltage and power factor control modes. This new control algorithm is shown to be able to respond well to slow voltage variations due to load or generation changes. The second method is a fuzzy inference system that adjusts the setpoint of the power factor controller in response to the local voltage. This system can be set to respond to any steady-state voltage variations that will be experienced. Further, control of real power is developed as a supplementary means for voltage regulation in weak rural networks. The algorithms developed in the study are shown to operate with any synchronous or asynchronous generation wherein real and reactive power can be separately controlled. Extensive simulations of typical and real rural systems using synchronous generators (small hydro) and doubly-fed induction generators (wind turbines) have verified that the proposed approaches improve the voltage profile of the distribution network. This demonstrated that the original Thesis was true and that the techniques proposed allow wider operation of greater capacities of DG within the statutory voltage limits.
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Slack, G. "The integration of a wind turbine and hydraulic accumulator energy store with a diesel generator to supply electricity in a remote location." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356063.
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Zhang, Shengqi. "Investigating the impacts of renewable energy generators and energy storage systems on power system frequency response." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94463/1/Shengqi_Zhang_Thesis.pdf.
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High level of intermittent renewable generation such as PV plants and wind farms will require distributed storage systems to meet the power system frequency operation standards. This thesis proposes a rule-based controller to co-ordinate the renewables and distributed energy storage system for improving frequency response.
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Du, Plessis Louis Kemp. "Integrating non-dispatchable renewable energy into the South African grid : an energy balancing view / L.K. du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9648.
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The integration of dispatchable renewable energies like biomass, geothermal and reservoir hydro technologies into an electrical network present no greater challenge than the integration of conventional power technologies for which are well understood by Eskom engineers. However, renewable energies that are based on resources that fluctuate throughout the day and from season to season, like wind and solar, introduce a number of challenges that Eskom engineers have not dealt with before.
It is current practice for Eskom‟s generation to follow the load in order to balance the demand and supply. Through Eskom‟s load dispatching desk at National Control, generator outputs are adjusted on an hourly basis with balancing reserves making up only a small fraction of the total generation.
Through the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity of 2010, the Department of Energy has set some targets towards integrating renewable energy, including wind and solar generation, into the South African electricity market consequently introducing variability on the supply side.
With demand that varies continually, maintaining a steady balance between supply and demand is already a challenging task. When the supply also becomes variable and less certain with the introduction of non-dispatchable renewable energy, the task becomes even more challenging.
The aim of this research study is to determine whether the resources that previously helped to balance the variability in demand will still be adequate to balance variability in both demand and supply. The study will only concentrate on variable or non-dispatchable renewable energies as will be added to the South African electrical network according to the first two rounds of the Department of Energy‟s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme.
This research study only looks into the balancing challenge and does not go into an analysis of voltage stability or network adequacy, both of which warrant in depth analysis.Thesis (MIng (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Chlebný, Radek. "Autonomní dům aneb život grid-off." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220159.
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This thesis deals with energy self-sufficiency focusing on the independence of the electric grid. Basic line emanating project form a concrete proposal for autonomous energy supply system. Emphasis is placed primarily on photovoltaic systems, electric energy accumulation and selection of individual components of such a system. Another important part of the thesis is also an economic evaluation of design variations. The thesis also deals with a market research, and thereof derived benefit assessment of each technology. The accompanying chapters are then devoted to the history of autonomous life style or classification of buildings according to their energy performance.
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Muralidhar, Anirudh. "INTEGRATING WIND GENERATED ELECTRICITY WITH SPACE HEATING AND STORAGE BATTERIES." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13181.
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The world faces two major energy-related challenges: reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and improving energy security. Wind-electricity, a clean and environmentally sustainable energy source, appears promising. However, its intermittency is problematic when used as a supply for on-demand electricity.
Wind-electricity can be used for space heating when combined with thermal-storage systems; although its intermittency can result in periods of excess electricity. To reduce the excess, this thesis proposes using wind-electricity for thermal-storage and electric-vehicles. Four charging procedures are designed and developed. Data from an eastern Canadian wind-farm is used to demonstrate the procedures.
The results are compared and discussed in terms of the supply of wind-electricity and its ability to meet the energy requirements of these services. Depending on the procedure, wind-electricity displaced between 20 and 26 GWh of energy previously required for space-heating and transportation, demonstrating that wind-electricity, with intermittently-chargeable loads using storage, is a solution to the intermittency problem.
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Costa, Timothy. "Forecasting the Cost of Electricity Generated by Offshore Wind Turbines." 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/765.
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To impede the progress of climate change, many policy makers are considering avenues to decarbonize electricity production. In addition to decarbonization, policy makers must consider how the cost of electricity will impact various stakeholders, balancing cost and social benefits. Offshore wind farms have the potential to produce affordable, carbon-free electricity, but they are a relatively new technology. The relative juvenescence of offshore wind lends itself to an uncertain future, regarding production costs. In this thesis, we seek to understand cost drivers behind offshore wind electricity by analyzing historic trends in offshore wind levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) through learning curves, characterizing how learning from producing a technology can lead to decreases in production costs. Additionally, we explore how the maturity of component technologies can affect the learning rate, and consequently the benefits of learning, of offshore wind. Finally, we create a robust data set to inform decision makers and researchers by marrying historic data to forward-looking expert elicitations.
Books on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Burmeister, George, and Eric Sikkema. Wind-Generated Electricity (State Legislative Report Series Vol 18, No 7). Natl Conference of State, 1993.
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Meier, Paul F. The Changing Energy Mix. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098391.001.0001.
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The energy mix is changing, and renewable energy is growing in importance. If you were born before 1989, you lived in a United States where no electricity was generated from either wind or solar power and very little from geothermal and biomass. By 2018, the combined generation from wind and solar had surpassed hydroelectricity. Fourteen states generated more than 10% of their electricity from wind and three generated more than 30%. And bioethanol, produced from corn grain, made up 10% of the US gasoline market. Changes have also occurred in the nonrenewable energy mix. Coal, which was responsible for 53% of the US electricity generation in 1998 is now only 28%, as natural gas has taken the leadership role, surpassing coal in 2015 as the primary energy for producing electricity. Similarly, the world did not see any electricity generation from wind until 1985 and none from solar until 1989. Now solar plus wind generate 7% of the worldwide electricity. The worldwide demand for all energy types is also increasing rapidly, as energy usage has increased 84% over the last twenty years. This book makes a systematic comparison of twelve different energy types to help understand the driving forces for this changing energy mix. Twelve common criteria are used to provide tools to make these comparisons, such as proven reserves, the levelized cost for each energy type, energy balances, environmental issues, and the energy footprint. Proven reserves are also projected for each renewable energy type.
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Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2016. VDI Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022818.
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Entstehung, Übertragung und Reduzierung von Schall an Windkraftanlagen Kurzfassung Bei der Stromerzeugung in Windkraftanlagen können Geräusche entstehen, die vor allem durch die Aerodynamik der Blätter, den Eingriff der Zähne im Getriebe und die Interaktion der Generatorpole verursacht werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen grundlegenden Überblick über Strukturschwingungen, die – je nach Eigenschwingverhalten der Anlagen – an die Außenflächen geleitet und dort in die Umgebung abgestrahlt werden. Elastomerlager, Kupplungen im Triebstrang, passive, adaptive und aktive Tilger werden als mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen vorgestellt. Abstract While producing electricity wind turbines emit noise that is mainly generated by the aerodynamics of blades, by the meshing of gear-wheels in gearboxes and by interaction of poles in generators. The focus of this text is on the structure born sound coming from the gearbox and the generator. Depending on the eigenmodes of the wind tur...
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Goldemberg, José. Energy in Brazil. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.38.
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of the energy sector in Brazil, charting shifts in the energy matrix, in particular the rise in renewables and increasing self-sufficiency in fossil fuels. Production of energy in Brazil, particularly electricity, includes a high percentage of renewable sources. Electricity is generated mostly by hydroelectric plants, cars are fueled with ethanol produced from sugarcane, biofuels have good prospects for success, and wind generation of electricity is picking up slowly. The country has managed to become almost self-sufficient in oil production. However, most of the production of energy is in the hands of government institutions, imposing a degree of instability on the system. This chapter has reviewed the effects of some important policies introduced at different points in time. Looking ahead, the chapter concludes that energy policy in Brazil is now moving in the right direction, although significant challenges remain.
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Jelley, Nick. Renewable Energy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198825401.001.0001.
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Energy is vital for a good standard of living, and affordable and adequate sources of power that do not cause climate change or pollution are crucial. Renewables can meet the world’s energy needs without compromising human health and the environment, and this VSI gives a history of their deployment and the principles of their technologies. Wind and solar farms can now provide the cheapest electricity in many parts of the world. Decarbonizing heat is just as important as clean electricity, and can be achieved using renewably generated electricity to power heat pumps and to produce combustible fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Several other clean alternatives, notably hydropower, biofuels, nuclear power, and carbon capture, are also becoming important. Lithium-ion batteries are enabling the electrification of transport and providing grid storage. But while market forces are helping the transition from fossil fuels to renewables, there are opposing pressures, such as the United States’ proposed withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement, and vested commercial interests in fossil fuels. Net-zero emissions must be reached by 2050 for a sustainable future, and governments must act quickly to accelerate the transition.
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Davidson, Michael R., Fredrich Kahrl, and Valerie J. Karplus. Towards a Political Economy Framework for Wind Power. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0013.
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The authors propose a general taxonomy of the political economy challenges to wind power development and integration, highlighting the implications in terms of actors, interests, and risks. Applying this framework to three functions in China’s electricity sector—planning and project approval, generator cost recovery, and balancing area coordination—the authors find evidence of challenges common across countries with significant wind investments, despite institutional and industry characteristics that are unique to China. The authors argue that resolving these political economy challenges is as important to facilitating the role of wind and other renewable energies in a low-carbon energy transition as providing dedicated technical and energy policy support. China is no exception.
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Folch, Christine. Hydropolitics. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691186603.001.0001.
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This book is a ground-breaking investigation of the world's largest power plant and the ways the energy we use shapes politics and economics. Itaipu Binational Hydroelectric Dam straddles the Paraná River border that divides the two countries that equally co-own the dam, Brazil and Paraguay. It generates the carbon-free electricity that powers industry in both the giant of South America and one of the smallest economies of the region. The book reveals how Paraguayans harness the dam to engineer wealth, power, and sovereignty, demonstrating how energy capture influences social structures. During the dam's construction under the right-wing military government of Alfredo Stroessner and later during the leftist presidency of liberation theologian Fernando Lugo, the dam became central to debates about development, governance, and prosperity. Dams not only change landscapes; the book asserts that the properties of water, transmuted by dams, change states. It argues that the dam converts water into electricity and money to produce hydropolitics through its physical infrastructure, the financial liquidity of energy monies, and the international legal agreements managing transboundary water resources between Brazil and Paraguay, and their neighbors Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. Looking at the fraught political discussions about the future of the world's single largest producer of renewable energy, the book explores how this massive public works project touches the lives of all who are linked to it.
Book chapters on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Abu-Siada, Ahmed. "Preface." In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy, i. UAE: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681085425117020001.
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Due to the continuous resources’ reduction and cost increase of conventional fossil fuel along with the global trend to decrease the greenhouse effect, clean energy production from renewable sources has been given a global great concern. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy conversion systems have received a worldwide notable attention. It is expected that more than 10% of the global electricity demand will to be generated by wind energy conversion systems by the year 2020. During their early implementation stage, wind turbines were to be disconnected during abnormal and fault conditions within the electricity grid it is connected to. Owing to the fact that current wind installations supply a significant portion of the load demand, disconnecting windfarms may lead to business interruption and discontinuity of power supply to the end user. As such, transmission line operators have developed strict grid codes that wind turbine generator must meet to maintain its connection to support the grid during various fault conditions. To comply with these codes, flexible AC transmission systems have been widely used with current wind energy conversion systems to modulate reactive and/or active power at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine generator and the grid. This book presents the applications of various flexible ac transmission system devices to wind energy conversion systems. Devices such as unified power flow controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage and static synchronous compensator are covered in this book. Topologies, control systems along with case studies of the aforementioned devices are presented and discussed. This book will be useful for postgraduate research students, upper-division electrical engineering students and practicing engineers.
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Munir, Abdul, Ahmad Syuhada, and Muhammad Ilham Maulana. "Study of the Effect Sudu Length on Electricity Power Generated by Wind Speed in Banda Aceh Beach." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering, 73–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0736-3_8.
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Lu, Xi, and Michael B. McElroy. "Global Potential for Wind-Generated Electricity." In Wind Energy Engineering, 51–73. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809451-8.00004-7.
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Meier, Paul F. "Generation of Electricity by US States." In The Changing Energy Mix, 489–511. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098391.003.0014.
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This chapter explores how the fifty US states generate electricity, and the analysis shows significant variation in how electricity is generated state-by-state. While coal was formerly the dominant fuel for generating electricity, natural gas surpassed coal in 2015. Although thirteen states still produce more than 50% of their electricity from coal, fourteen states generated less than 5%. There have been no new nuclear power plants built since 1996, but seven states still generated more than 40% of their electricity from this resource. In renewable energy, wind and solar are gaining in importance. Fourteen states now generate more than 10% of their electricity from wind, and three states more than 30%. Solar energy is also growing, but mostly in the sun-drenched states of California, Arizona, Nevada, and North Carolina, which account for 67% of US solar energy. Hydroelectric is also important, and five states generated more than 50% of their electricity from hydroelectric plants.
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A. Alagbada, Samuel. "100 MW Wind Turbine Power Plant." In Renewable Energy - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107067.
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Wind power production has increased by a hundredfold during the last 20 years and represents roughly 3% of the total global electricity production. In recent years, technological changes in wind turbine configurations have enabled higher capacity factors for wind turbines. The results from the studies showed that wind as a source of energy for Växjö could be explored in order to achieve the goal of energy sufficiency and as well as sustaining the greenest city status in Europe. The simulation showed that 100 MW electricity could be generated from the wind sources with respect to the available data via global wind metrological data, literature, RETScreen Expert software., LCOE and IRR analysis tools. In addition, the Internal rate of return (IRR) of 8.7% which is good enough considering the proposed energy tax, energy security and environmental benefit cost ratio as well as reduced global weighted-average levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from wind power technology make it more attractive for investor-Växjö municipality.
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Kiruba.K, Deepika.D, Jaitha.G, and Madhuja.S. "Enhancement of Power Generation in Highway Using Wind Energy Conversion System Integrated with PV." In Recent Trends in Intensive Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210300.
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The rising global population and economic growth, combined with rapid urbanization, will result in a significant increase in energy demand. To solve this problem in the coming years, the world will need significantly more resources, primarily cleanly produced electricity. On the other hand, electricity demand is rising at twice the rate of overall energy consumption, and is expected to more than double by 2040. So, in order to meet the energy demands, the proposed approach includes a concept of a new Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) design that generates power from moving vehicles and further integrated with PV for increased power generation. Seasonal variations can be accommodated by the related hybrid scheme. Using a charge controller, the produced power can be stabilized to a 12V output. The generated energy can be stored in batteries or supplied to the grid, acting as an energy storage device for society. The power that has been stored can be used in the future or during non-windy seasons.
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Goldemberg, José. "Energy Costs." In Energy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199812905.003.0009.
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What are the costs of energy? Energy costs across the world depend on a number of factors. Fossil fuels, which are commodities, are priced on the international market, but local conditions determine the costs of renewable energy. For example, wind-generated electricity can be produced...
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Yusupov, Ziyodulla, and Mohamed Almaktar. "Geothermal Power Generation." In Geothermal Energy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97423.
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Bulk power system based on fossil fuels becomes less reliable and stable in economic terms, technically more labor-consuming and harmful environmental impact. These problems have led many countries to find ways to supply the electricity from a green and sustainable energy source. The electricity derived from renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, biomass and geothermal refers to as green and sustainable energy. Geothermal energy is not only utilized for electric power generation, but it is also exploited to generate environmentally friendly heat energy. As of the end of 2018, geothermal global cumulative installed capacity exceeded 13 GW, generated an energy of about 630 peta joule (PJ). This chapter presents the geothermal energy resource in terms of the types of power plants, principle of the electricity generation and current world status of geothermal resource utilization. The issues such as advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy economically and environmentally and means to overcome shortcomings are also considered. The main barriers for the development of geothermal industry include high resource and exploration risk, overall high development cost particularly drilling, and inadequate financing and grant support. The global averaged cost of electricity for the geothermal facility is nearly 0.072 USD/kWh as compared to 0.056 for onshore wind and 0.047 USD/kWh for hydropower. However, the technology is rather competitive to other renewables such as concentrating solar power (0.185 USD/kWh) and offshore wind (0.127 USD/kWh). Meanwhile, further research and development is critically needed to eliminate the non-condensable gases (NCGs) associated with the geothermal power generation.
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Escalante, Gino de Jesús Roa, J. Miguel Sánchez-Lozano, Juan-Gabriel Faxas, M. Socorro García-Cascales, and Antonio Urbina. "Grid Stabilization Effect of Combined Electricity Generation from Wind and Photovoltaic Systems in Murcia, Spain." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 225–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6631-3.ch009.
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In this chapter, a model that calculates the impact on the grid of the simultaneous injection of electricity both from photovoltaic and wind sources is presented. The best locations for wind and photovoltaic technologies within Región de Murcia, southeast Spain, have been selected from a GIS database and evaluated and classified using a fuzzy version of the multicriteria decision method called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). After the classification, the best locations are selected for each technology. Then, the impact on the grid arising from the injection of power generated in wind of photovoltaic systems installed at these specific locations and that are connected to the grid has been calculated in a power range of several kWp, including random steps of up to 50kW. The results show that stable grid parameters are obtained within 500ms in all cases, even when this relatively large power surge (or variation) is considered.
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Spasenić, Željko, Slađana Benković, and Slađana Sredojević. "Financing of Wind Energy Projects in Serbia: Current Status and Future Prospects." In Contemporary Financial Management, 453–64. Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/2023.3.23.
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In recent years, renewable energy deployment is becoming an important goal for increasing number of countries including Serbia. Owing to an outdated energy infrastructure that is inherited from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and a slow pace of energy transition, approximately 66% of Serbia’s electricity is still generated by coal-fired power plants. Serbia’s energy strategy is oriented toward clean energy, whereby wind energy has increasing role for energy transition. This study investigates the current practice of wind energy project finance in Serbia based on a case study approach. We conclude that significant progress has been made over the last decade. However, future development is strongly dependent on the update of national legislation, energy sector stability and the availability of suitable financing sources to support new projects.
Conference papers on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Hand, Maureen, Nate Blair, Mark Bolinger, Ryan Wiser, Richard O'Connell, Tracy Hern, and Bart Miller. "Power system modeling of 20% wind-generated electricity by 2030." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596438.
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Singh, A., D. Willi, N. Chokani, and R. S. Abhari. "Increasing On-Shore Wind Generated Electricity in Germany’s Transmission Grid." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26093.
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An increase in the penetration of renewables generated electricity has technical and economic impacts on power transmission systems because of the renewables’ variable characteristics. However, due to concerns of energy security, operational information of power infrastructure is scarce, making it challenging for policy-makers and independent power producers to assess these systems for the development of new energy projects. This paper presents an analysis of Germany’s power generation and transmission infrastructure using integrated, geographically-indexed production, demand and grid models. The paper assesses the impact of growth of renewables on Germany’s grid in a scenario of slow growth of grid infrastructure to show that the length of transmission lines needing reinforcement increases from 650 km in 2011 to 1090 km in 2020, if Germany’s transmission grid is to keep pace with the increased penetration of renewable energy. Mesoscale model simulations of the weather are used in the year 2020 scenario to assess the economic development of the competing renewables — wind and solar — in relation to the available grid capacity. It is shown that if the grid development lags the development of then targeted 35% renewables portfolio, then 6.5% of generated power by wind and solar energy will face risk of curtailment.
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Finn, Paddy, Colin Fitzpatrick, Martin Leahy, and Edin Omerdic. "Increased efficiency of wind generated electricity using demand side management." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (ISEE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isee.2008.4562850.
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Finn, P., C. Fitzpatrick, and M. Leahy. "Increased penetration of wind generated electricity using real time pricing & demand side management." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2009.5156783.
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Ziazi, Reza, Kasra Mohammadi, and Navid Goudarzi. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Utilizing Wind Energy for Hydrogen Production Through Electrolysis." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3675.
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Hydrogen as a clean alternative energy carrier for the future is required to be produced through environmentally friendly approaches. Use of renewables such as wind energy for hydrogen production is an appealing way to securely sustain the worldwide trade energy systems. In this approach, wind turbines provide the electricity required for the electrolysis process to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The generated hydrogen can then be stored and utilized later for electricity generation via either a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine that turn a generator. In this study, techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production by electrolysis using wind power investigated in a windy location, named Binaloud, located in north-east of Iran. Development of different large scale wind turbines with different rated capacity is evaluated in all selected locations. Moreover, different capacities of electrolytic for large scale hydrogen production is evaluated. Hydrogen production through wind energy can reduce the usage of unsustainable, financially unstable, and polluting fossil fuels that are becoming a major issue in large cities of Iran.
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Singh, A., F. Wolff, N. Chokani, and R. S. Abhari. "Optimizing Synergy of Utility-Scale Wind and Pumped-Hydro Storage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94552.
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The increased penetration of wind-generated electricity exposes wind farm operators to market risks of a balanced supply in the transmission grid. In order to reduce the risks and to gain financial advantage for wind farm operators, the use of pumped hydro storage to adjust the delivery schedule of energy is proposed. An approach that systematically and rapidly addresses the economic, infrastructural, geographic and meteorological factors relevant to wind power plants and pumped hydro storage over large areas is required. An integrated Geographic Information System-based tool is developed to identify, on the scale of a country, wind power plants and pumped hydro storage facilities. Further, a decision algorithm that has inputs of the forecasted and actual wind energy productions, and the day-ahead and intraday electricity market prices is also developed to optimise the use of pumped hydro storage. This approach is demonstrated for Germany, with the target of increasing electricity production from renewable energy sources. A countrywide portfolio of wind power plants that meets the increased electricity production target, and existing and potential pumped hydro storage facilities are identified. By optimizing the use of pumped hydro storage, it is shown that wind farm operators can achieve a 2–4% gain on the Internal Rate of Return on investments. The improved financial performance with the use of pumped hydro storage increases the attractiveness for investments in the wind power sector and mitigates the adverse effects of the variability in the dispatch of wind-generated electricity.
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Hernandez, Krista, Dania Wilson, Kyle Ressel, Justus Nwoke, Martin Soto, and M. Salim Azzouz. "Gear Based Quasi-Continuous Variable Transmission for Wind Turbines." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50683.
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Over the past decade wind turbines have been proven to be a competitive contender to produce cheap electricity. Their output electrical power went from few dozens of watts to several megawatts, and this trend is continuing to increase as they become larger in size. Most of these wind turbines are typically regulated through a set of controls acting on the electricity generator workload. These controls are achieved through the use of power electronics controlling the electrical load on the generator for variable speed wind turbine. This paper explores the possibility of implementing an alternative control system in variable wind speed turbines using a special gearbox with a high number of close consecutive discrete gear ratios. The proposed gear based Quasi-Continuous Variable Transmission, called QCVT, allows a variable speed at the input shaft and delivers a quasi-constant speed at the output shaft of the gearbox. The system consists of a special drivetrain assembly of spur gears run and controlled automatically through a set of clutch power shifters. The clutches are used to shift a set of compound gears, thus modifying the drivetrain total gear ratio. The designed system can produce up to 625 gear ratios and acts as a quasi-continuously variable transmission between the wind turbine hub and the electricity generator which requires a constant entry speed delivering a frequency of 60 Hz. The gearing transmission system has been designed using the SolidWorks CAD software for modeling and simulation and the gearing design theory has been used to dimension the special drivetrain assembly of spur gears. The kinematic gearing theory has been used to establish the multitude of close consecutive discrete gearing ratios of the transmission system. A wind driven rotor model for the wind turbine power coefficient has been used to determine the power absorbed by the wind turbine from the blowing wind and the power delivered to the electricity generator. The wind turbine torque generated by the wind and the torque produced at the electricity generator have also been determined using the multitude of gear ratios of the designed drivetrain. A new control law is established to keep the wind turbine generator running at a quasi-constant speed while producing maximum power. Considering the QCVT with its numerous close and consecutive gear ratios as the main torque regulator, the wind turbine system is expected to deliver the right needed torque for a specified electrical load. A set of results featuring how the electricity generator power and torque can be controlled by shifting the ratios of drivetrain transmissions are delivered. A particular emphasis is put on maximizing the generator delivered power using controlled gear ratios while the speed of the wind is changing. A small scale prototype of the QCVT powertrain transmission has been designed and built for concept demonstration and testing purposes.
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Kaoga, Dieudonné Kidmo, Bachirou Bogno, Michel Aillerie, Danwe Raidandi, Serge Doka Yamigno, Oumarou Hamandjoda, and Beda Tibi. "Assessment of wind energy potential and cost estimation of wind-generated electricity at hilltops surrounding the city of Maroua in Cameroon." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4959388.
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Abd Jamil, Roshamida, Jean-Christophe Gilloteaux, Philippe Lelong, and Aurélien Babarit. "Investigation of the Capacity Factor of Weather-Routed Energy Ships Deployed in the Near-Shore." In ASME 2021 3rd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2021-3545.
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Abstract The energy ship concept has been proposed as an alternative wind power conversion system to harvest offshore wind energy. Energy ships are ships propelled by the wind and which generate electricity by means of water turbines attached underneath their hull, The generated electricity is stored on-board (batteries, hydrogen, etc.) It has been shown that energy ships deployed far-offshore in the North Atlantic Ocean may achieve capacity factors over 80% using weather-routing. The present paper complements this research by investigating the capacity factors of energy ships harvesting wind power in the near-shore. Two case studies are considered: the French islands of Saint-Pierre et-Miquelon, near Canada, and Ile de Sein, near metropolitan France. The methodology is as follows. First, the design of the energy ship considered in this study is presented. It was developed using an in-house Velocity, and Power Performance Program (VPPP) developed at LHEEA. The velocity and power production polar plots of the ship were used as input to a modified version of the weather-routing software QtVlm. This software was then used for capacity factor optimization using 10m altitude wind data analysis which was extracted from the ERA-Interim dataset provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Three years (2015, 2016, and 2017) data are considered. The results show that average capacity factors of approximately 40% and 40% can be achieved at Ile de Sein and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon with considered energy ship design.
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McMullan, Daniel, Anh Dao, Daniel Brooking, J. Mark Weller, and M. Salim Azzouz. "Active Gearing System for Wind Turbines." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65011.
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The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the possibility of improving the efficiency of wind turbines by taking advantage of the wind speed variability. An active epicycloids gearbox system allowing a variable speed at the input shaft and delivering a constant speed at the output shaft is proposed herein. The gearing system consists of an assembly of spur and ring gears run and controlled by an electrical motor. The system acts as a continuously variable transmission (CVT) between the wind turbine hub and the electricity generator which requires an entry speed corresponding to an electrical grid frequency of 60 Hz. The active gearing system is designed using CAD software, and the gearing design theory is used to dimension the proposed epicycloids system. The kinematic gearing theory is used to establish the different gearing ratios of the system, and the kinematic velocity relationships between the gearing system stages. The forces and torques acting on the gearing system are computed using the equilibrium equations. Ideally, the electrical power consumed by the regulating motor system is minimal so that a maximum percentage of the generated electrical power is supplied to the electricity grid. The advantage of this gearbox configuration is that the power consumed by the regulating motor will be theoretically close to zero when the wind speed is about 10.5 mph, which is the average wind speed for many areas where wind turbines are installed. As the wind speed moves away from its mentioned average, the gearbox electrical controls activate a regulating motor to secure a constant speed at the generator input. Currently, a prototype of the proposed system is under tests and experimental data has already shown the constancy of the angular velocity at the generator input. The measurements of the mechanical power distribution between the different components of the system are still underway. A prony-break system is currently used for this purpose. It is expected that within a defined range of the hub angular velocities, the power absorbed by the regulating motor remains a small fraction of the power delivered by the electricity generator.
Reports on the topic "Wind generated electricity"
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Fripp, Matthias, and Ryan Wiser. Analyzing the Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value ofWind-Generated Electricity at Different Sites in California and theNorthwest. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883800.
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