Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wind power plants – Antarctica

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wind power plants – Antarctica'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Agee, Ernest, Andrea Orton, and John Rogers. "CO2 Snow Deposition in Antarctica to Curtail Anthropogenic Global Warming." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 2 (February 2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0110.1.

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AbstractA scientific plan is presented that proposes the construction of carbon dioxide (CO2) deposition plants in the Antarctic for removing CO2 gas from Earth’s atmosphere. The Antarctic continent offers the best environment on Earth for CO2 deposition at 1 bar of pressure and temperatures closest to that required for terrestrial air CO2 “snow” deposition—133 K. This plan consists of several components, including 1) air chemistry and CO2 snow deposition, 2) the deposition plant and a closed-loop liquid nitrogen refrigeration cycle, 3) the mass storage landfill, 4) power plant requirements, 5) prevention of dry ice sublimation, and 6) disposal (or use) of thermal waste. Calculations demonstrate that this project is worthy of consideration, whereby 446 deposition plants supported by sixteen 1200-MW wind farms can remove 1 billion tons (1012 kg) of carbon (1 GtC) annually (a reduction of 0.5 ppmv), which can be stored in an equivalent “landfill” volume of 2 km × 2 km × 160 m (insulated to prevent dry ice sublimation). The individual deposition plant, with a 100 m × 100 m × 100 m refrigeration chamber, would produce approximately 0.4 m of CO2 snow per day. The solid CO2 would be excavated into a 380 m × 380 m × 10 m insulated landfill, which would allow 1 yr of storage amounting to 2.24 × 10−3 GtC. Demonstrated success of a prototype system in the Antarctic would be followed by a complete installation of all 446 plants for CO2 snow deposition and storage (amounting to 1 billion tons annually), with wind farms positioned in favorable coastal regions with katabatic wind currents.
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Solomin, E. V., I. M. Kirpichnikova, R. A. Amerkhanov, D. V. Korobatov, M. Lutovats, and A. S. Martyanov. "THE USE OF WIND-HYDROGEN UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY PLANT IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 13-15 (August 11, 2018): 30–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.13-15.030-054.

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The paper presents the project of the autonomous power complex on the basis of wind-power plant and hydrogen module with a capacity in 3 kW with further replication to 50 kW and shows the possibilities of operation of the present plant in different climatic conditions of Russia: Siberia, the Far East, the Northern Caucasus, Krasnodar territory, and also for universal use in climatic zones of the Arctic and Antarctic, deserts of Africa and the isolated islands with typical destructive sea salt fogs.This paper carries out the study, comprehensive analysis and comparison of known types and classes of wind plants, as a result of which the authors have developed an innovative multi-tier scalable vertically-axial wind power plant. This unit is used as the main power source, the uninterrupted part of which is based on a cyclically operating hydrogen module, contains an electrolytic cell, a fuel cell system and a hydrogen storage device with a communication and control system. The components of the power plant developed by the authors’ team operate at a single DC voltage and can be connected to a common bus bar with an increase of power in this complex. Flexible control algorithms allow optimizing the operation of the power complex to reduce the start-stop frequency, thereby increasing both the service life and time intervals between maintenance. Remote control provides monitoring and management of electricity output processes and hydrogen storage with the help of Internet technologies in long-term modes.The study has shown that this equipment is long-lived, reliable and environmentally friendly, and the system is modular and flexible because it is easily scaled under consumer’s control including the personal power consumption and small business. Moreover, the developed power plant is accessible in purchase, mounting and operation for remote energy consumers as far as the assessed value of equipment is correlating with the cost of power line installation and the operation of equipment does not require large engineering and technological skills.
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DeMeo, E. A., W. Grant, M. R. Milligan, and M. J. Schuerger. "Wind plant integration [wind power plants." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 3, no. 6 (November 2005): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpae.2005.1524619.

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Limonov, L., and J. Sokolovsky. "GEARLESS WIND POWER PLANTS." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 1(149) (November 30, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2019.01.06.

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Quraeshi, S. "Solar/wind power plants." Solar & Wind Technology 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(87)90007-5.

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Bolonkin, Alexander A., and Richard Brook Cathcart. "Antarctica: a southern hemisphere wind power station?" International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 8, no. 3 (2008): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2008.018641.

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Kuznetsov, P. N., V. V. Cheboxarov, and B. A. Yakimovich. "Hybrid Wind-Solar Power Plants." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2020-1-45-53.

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Приведен анализ известных подходов к созданию гибридных ветро-солнечных энергетических установок. На примерах показано, что размещение фотоэлектрических преобразователей на роторах ветрогенераторов, существующих конструкций является неэффективным решением по ряду факторов. Представлено описание конструкции гибридной ветро-солнечной установки, разработанной ООО «НТЦ «Солнечная энергетика», с вертикальным ротором Дарье и фотоэлектрическими преобразователями, расположенными на общей опорной конструкции, позволяющей получить положительный синергетический эффект от использования двух возобновляемых источников энергии. Приведены достоинства данного решения, одними из которых является повышение энергетической эффективности фотоэлектрических преобразователей за счет интенсификации теплоотвода от поверхности фотоэлементов ветровым потоком от ротора Дарье, эффективное использование площади и стабильность выдачи электроэнергии.Приведены преимущества использования гибридных установок, работающих от возобновляемых источников энергии, в частности ветро-солнечных установок. Описаны возможные пути снижения негативных последствий, вызванных нестабильным характером выработки электроэнергии такими установками.Описаны результаты проведенных работ, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности ротора ветроустановки и фотоэлектрических преобразователей за счет установки оптимального угла лопастей и фотоэлектрических модулей. Результатами моделирования показано, что максимальное значение коэффициента использования ветра достигается при установке лопастей под углом 38°, а оптимальный угол установки фотоэлектрических модулей для г. Севастополя составляет 34°. Приведены оценочные расчеты энергетических параметров комбинированной ветро-солнечной установки.
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Föllings, F. J., and A. E. Pfeiffer. "Economics of wind power plants." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 27, no. 1-3 (January 1988): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(88)90041-4.

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Wan, Yih-huei, Michael Milligan, and Brian Parsons. "Output Power Correlation Between Adjacent Wind Power Plants*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1626127.

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power data from large commercial wind power plants in the Midwestern United States. Outputs from about 330 MW of installed wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Lake Benton, MN, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitude of fluctuations and rate of change in wind power production. Analyses of power data confirms that spatial separation of turbines greatly reduces variations in their combined wind power output when compared to the output of a single wind power plant. Data show that high-frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other, but low-frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting.
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LUBOSNY, Zbigniew. "Wind Power Plants Influence on Electric Power System." AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 7, no. 4(26)2016 (December 31, 2016): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2016.26.03.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Teetz, Heiko Walter. "Technical and economic evaluation of the utilisation of wind energy at the SANAE IV base in Antarctica." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53081.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The cost of powering Antarctic research stations by conventional diesel electric generator systems is high (Steel, 1993). In order to reduce these costs and airborne pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels, an investigation into renewable energy sources has been conducted, with the focus on wind turbine energy generation. The aim was to see whether a wind turbine is feasible, both technically and economically, for partial energy production at the SANAE IV base. The existing diesel electrical generators will still be used for the base demand, when there is not enough wind or when the energy demand is more than can be produced by the wind turbine. The work accomplished for this study explains and motivates a MSc. (Eng.) thesis on the feasibility of installing wind electricity generators at Antarctica. This evaluation was done for the South African research station SANAE IV in Antarctica. It provides information on the literature consulted to date, the theoretical and practical work covered, the theoretical investigations, the results obtained and future implementations. Also included in this work was a trip to Antarctica, so that all the relevant data, like wind speeds and wind direction could be measured. Another reason for having done the trip was to do an energy audit for SANAE IV, so that the energy demand for the base could be established. The energy demand of the base varies among other factors, for summer and winter conditions, for day and night conditions, and for population variations. With the information obtained during the trip, the theoretical evaluation of a possible wind turbine system was performed. With the aid of the data from the 6 m wind mast, wind profiles have been established, from which Wei bull distributions were obtained, and the energy output from 5 different wind turbines, in the range between 10 kW and 100 kW, were calculated. The annual energy production of the 100 kW wind turbine is 430 MWh with a capacity factor of 49 %. The annual energy demand of the base amounts to 1153 MWh, thus the wind turbine could contribute up to 30 % of the power needed at the base taking losses, such as availability and maintenance losses, into account. From the automatic weather station of the South African Weather Services, positioned at SANAE IV, wind speed and direction data for the year 2001 was obtained and this data was analyzed. The results show that the winds at SANAE IV are highly directional, coming mostly from an eastern and southeastern direction. This highly directional wind pattern is well suited for wind turbine application. The average wind speed, being measured at 10m height, is 10.8 m/s and the hourly averaged maximum wind speed for the year 2001 is 38.9 mls. From the wind analysis, site survey, cold weather issues and connection to the electricity grid of the base, it becomes evident that the North Wind NWIOO/19 100 kW wind turbine is the best-suited wind turbine for installation at SANAE IV. One of the major advantages of the NW100/19 is that it features a tilt-up tower erecting system that enables the wind turbine to be installed without the use of a crane. The NW100/19 is the only turbine rated at 100 kW, with this feature. From the economic analysis it is evident that a wind turbine, with the complete installation, operation and maintenance costs, features a break even period of 10 years, when installed at SANAE IV. This relatively short breakeven period, considering that the life of the turbine is 30 years, originates from the fact that the average wind speed at the base is about 11 mis, which is relatively high and yields enormous power productions. This wind turbine operates for approximately 80 % during a year, which is very high, making this renewable energy source very attractive as a power-generating source for SANAE IV. The cost per kWh produced by the wind-diesel system is R1.63/kWh, while the cost per kWh produced by the current diesel generators, satisfying the power demand of the base, is R1.94/kWh. Thus the hybrid system can reduce the cost of power produced by almost 20 %, which again demonstrates the attractiveness of using wind power at SANAE IV. From an environmental point of view, the use of wind power at SANAE IV is favorable, since a wind turbine has minimal effects on the environment at Antarctica. The cost of emissions and fuel spills were calculated for SANAE IV. The fuel saving, resulting from the operation of a wind turbine at SANAE IV, converts to a saving in externalities of about R500 000.00 per year, using an evaluation method that was applied to remote Alaskan villages. It can therefore be concluded that the aims of the project have been fully accomplished and that the use of wind power at SANAE IV is indeed a very attractive option, regarding all the criteria mentioned above. When it is being decided that a budget will be provided for a wind turbine installation, the economic analysis has to be refined, due to the uncertainty of the market value of the South African currency.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koste verbonde aan krag voorsiening vir Antarktiese navorsingstasies deur middel van konvensionele diesel elektriese kragopwekkers is baie hoog (Steel, 1993). Om hierdie kostes en lugbesoedeling weens die verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe te verminder, is 'n ondersoek na hemubare energiebronne gedoen, met die fokus op windturbiene energie opwekking. Die doelwit van die studie was om te sien of 'n windturbiene aanwending vir kragopwekking vir die SANAE IV stasie lewensvatbaar is, gebaseer op tegniese en ekonomiese uitgangspunte. Die bestaande diesel elektriese kragopwekkers sal nog altyd gebruik word vir kragopwekking, as daar nie genoeg wind is nie, of as die energievraag hoer is as wat kan verskafword deur die wind turbine. Die werk wat vir hierdie studie voltooi is belig en motiveer 'n MSc(Ing) tesis oor die lewensvatbaarheid vir installering van 'n windelektriese kragopwekker op Antarktika. Hierdie evaluasie is gedoen vir die Suid Afrikanse navorsingstasie, SANAE IV, op Antarktika. Dit behels informasie oor die literatuur verwerk tot dusver, die teoretiese en praktiese werk gedoen, die teoretiese ondersoeke, die resultate verkry en toekomstige verwesenlikings. Werk ook ingesluit was 'n expedisie na Antarktika toe, sodat al die relevante data, soos wind spoed en rigtings gemeet kon word. Nog 'n rede om die expedisie te doen was om energie data van SANAE IV te meet, sodat die energieverbruik van die basis bevestig kon word. Die energieverbruik van die basis varieer ten opsigte van somer en winter kondisies, van dag en nag variasies en inwonergetalle. Met die informasie verkry gedurende die expedisie kon 'n evaluasie gedoen word vir 'n moontlike windturbiene stelsel op Antarktika. Met die hulp van 'n 6tn wind toring kon wind profiele gekry word, waarvandaan Weibull verdelings bereken is en die kragopwekking van 5 verskillende windturbienes bereken is, wat wissel van 10 kW tot 100 kW. Die jaarlikse energieopwekking vir die 100 kW wind turbine is 430 MWh met 'n kapasiteitsfaktoor van 49 %. Die jaarlikse energieaanvraag van die stasie is 1153 MWh. Dus kan die wind turbine ongeveer 30 % van die jaarlikse energieaanvraag dek, as verliese soos beskikbaarheids- en instandhoudingsverliese III berekening gebring word. Wind spoed en rigting data vir die jaar 2001 is verkry van die outomatiese weerstasie van die Suid Afrikaanse Weer Diens, wat geposisioneer is by die SANAE IV stasie, en hierdie data is geanaliseer. Die resultate verkry bewys die direksionele stabiliteit van die winde by SANAE IV, waarvandaan die meeste winde uit die oostlike en suidoostlike rigting kom. Hierdie hoogs gekosentreede winde is baie goed geskik vir windturbiene aanwending. Die gemiddelde wind spoed, wat gemeet is op 'n hoogte van 10 m is 10.8 m/s en die uurlike gemiddelde maksimum wind spoed vir die jaar 2001 is 38.9 m/s. Van die wind analise, terrein analise, koue weer informasie en koppeling van die wind turbine by die bestaande elektrisiteits netwerk word bevestig dat die North Wind NW100119 100 kW windturbiene die geskikste windturbiene vir installasie en werking by SANAE IV is. Een van die grootste voordele van die NW100/19 windturbiene is dat dit 'n selfoprigdende meganisme het, wat sonder die hulp van 'n kraan werk. Die NW100/19 is die enigste windturbiene in sy klas, wat so 'n funksie het. Van die ekonomiese analise kan afgelei-word, dat 'n wind turbine met volledige installasie, werking en diens kostes, 'n kapitale terugbetalings periode van 10 jaar het, as dit by SANAE IV geinstalleer word. Hierdie tydperk is relatief kort, as gekyk word na die ontwerp leeftyd van 30 jaar van die NW100/19 wind turbine. Die rede vir die kort terugbetalings periode is afkomstig van die hoe gemiddelde wind spoed by SANAE IV, wat enorme kragopwekking tot gevolgtrekking het. Dit kan ook gesien word aan die hoe werkingsure van die turbine wat 6942 uur per jaar is. Dus wek die turbine vir omtrent 80 % van die jaar krag op, wat beinvloed dat 'n wind turbine opsie vir SANAE IV baie aantreklik is. Die koste per kWh krag opgewek vir die wind-diesel sisteem is R1.63/kWh, terwyl die koste per kWh krag opgewek vir die huidige diesel generator opstelling R1.941kWh is. Dus kan 'n kostebesparing van tot 20% van die energie onkostes verkry word, wat weer eens beklemtoon, dat die wind-diesel sisteem baie aantreklik vir kragopwekking by SANAE IV is. Vanaf 'n omgewingsoogpunt gesien het die gebruik van 'n wind turbine stelsel by die SANAE IV stasie net weglaatbaar klein invloede op die omgewing in vergelyking met die lugbesoedeling van die diesel kragopwekkers. As die koste verbonde aan lugbesoedeling en brandstof lekkasie besoedeling bereken word kan die wind turbine stelsel omtrent R500000.00 per jaar aan besoedeling onkostes spaar. Die getalle vir besoedelings onkostes is gebaseer op die evaluasie van besoedeling vir afgelee Amerikanse dorpies (Isherwood et al., 1999). Dit kan dus afgelei word vanaf die bogenoemde bevindings, dat die doelwitte van die tesis bereik is en dat wind krag opwekking by SANAE IV inderdaad 'n baie aantreklike moontlikheid is. Wanneer 'n begroting beskikbaar gestel word vir 'n windturbiene stelsel vir SANAE IV, moet die ekonomiese analise geoptimeer word weens die onsekerheid van die markwaaarde van die Suid Afrikaanse Rand.
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Shams, Solary Arasto. "Wind power plants integration to the power grid." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200633.

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Tamadon, Nahal. "Specification and Classification of Wind Power Plants." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200628.

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Montenegro, León Alejandro. "Advanced power electronic for wind-power generation buffering." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010112.

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Díaz-González, Francisco. "Contributions of flywheel systems in wind power plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129688.

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The stepwise replacement of conventional power plants by renewable-based ones such as wind power plants could a ect the system behaviour and planning. First, the network stability may be compromised as it becomes less resilient against sudden changes in the loads or generator trips. This is because wind turbines are not synchronized with network frequency but they are usually connected to the grid through fast controllable electronic power converters. And second, due to the stochastic nature of wind, the electrical power generated by wind power plants is neither constant non controllable. This aff ects the network planning as the expected generation level depends on non reliable wind forecasts. Also it aff ects the power quality as the fast fluctuations of wind power can cause harmonics and flicker emissions. For these reasons, network operators gradually set up more stringent requirements for the grid integration of wind power. These regulations require wind power plants to behave in several aspects as conventional synchronized generating units. Among other requirements, it is set the provision of some ancillary services to the grid as frequency and voltage control, the capability of withstanding short-circuits and faults, and to respect some threshold level with regard to the quality of the power generated. Accordingly, energy storage systems may play an important role in wind power applications by enhancing the controllability of the output of wind power plants and providing ancillary services to the power system and thus, enabling an increased penetration of wind power in the system. This thesis focuses on the potential uses of flywheel energy storage systems in wind power. The thesis introduces the basis of several energy storage systems as well as identi es their applications in wind power based on an extensive literature review. It follows with the presentation of the design and setting up of a scale-lab flywheel-based energy storage system. From this work, research concentrates on the application of flywheel devices for power smoothing of wind power plants. The developed concepts are proved by simulations but also experimentally using the above mentioned scale-lab test bench. In particular, research focuses on the de nition of an optimization criteria for the operation of flywheel devices while smoothing the wind power, and the design and experimental validation of the proposed control algorithms of the storage device. The last chapters of the thesis research on the role of wind power plants in system frequency control support. In this sense, an extensive literature review on the network operator's requirements for the participation of wind power plants in system frequency control related-tasks is off ered. Also, this review covers the proposed control methods in the literature for enabling wind turbines to participate in system frequency control. The results of this work open the door to the design of control systems of wind turbines and wind power plants for primary frequency control. The contribution of flywheel devices is also considered. Results highlight the tremendous potential of energy storage systems in general for facilitating the grid integration of wind power plants. Regarding the uses of flywheel devices, it is worth noting that some of their characteristics as the high-ramp power rates can be exploited for reducing the variability of the power generated by wind turbines, and thus for improving the quality of the power injected to the grid by wind power plants. Also, they can support wind power plants to ful l the requirements for their participation in system frequency control support related tasks.
El progressiu despla cament de plantes de generaci o convencionals per part de plantes de generaci o de tipus renovable, com els parcs e olics, pot afectar el comportament i la plani caci o del sistema el ectric. Primer, l'estabilitat pot ser compromesa ja que el sistema el ectric resulta m es vulnerable davant canvis abruptes provocats per les c arregues del sistema o desconnexions no programades de generadors. Aix o es degut a que les turbines e oliques no estan sincronitzades amb la freqü encia el ectrica del sistema ja que la seva connexi o es a trav es de convertidors electr onics de pot encia. Segon, degut a la gran variabilitat del vent, la pot encia el ectrica generada per les turbines e oliques no es constant ni controlable. En aquest sentit, la qualitat de la pot encia del parc e olic es pot veure compromesa, ja que es poden detectar nivells apreciables d'harm onics i emissions de "flicker" degudes a les r apides variacions de la pot encia generada pel parc e olic. Per aquests motius, els operadors dels sistemes el ectrics fan gradualment m es restrictius els requeriments de connexi o dels parcs e olics al sistema el ectric. Aquestes regulacions requereixen als parcs e olics que es comportin en molts aspectes com plantes de generaci o convencional. Entre d'altres requeriments, els parcs e olics han de proveir serveis auxiliars per a la operaci o del sistema el ectric com tamb e el suport en el control dels nivells de tensi o i freqü encia de la xarxa; oferir suport durant curtcircuits; i mantenir uns nivells m nims en la qualitat de la pot encia generada. Els sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia poden millorar la controlabilitat de la pot encia generada pels parcs e olics i ajudar a aquests a proveir serveis auxiliars al sistema el ectric, afavorint aix la seva integraci o a la xarxa. Aquesta tesi tracta l'aplicaci o en parcs e olics dels sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia basats en volants d'in ercia. La tesi introdueix les bases de diversos sistemes d'emmagatzematge i identi ca les seves potencials aplicacions en parcs e olics en base a una extensa revisi o bibliogr a ca. El treball continua amb la posta a punt d'un equipament de laboratori, que con gura un sistema d'emmagatzematge d'energia basat en un volant d'in ercia. Següents cap tols de la tesi estudien l'aplicaci o dels volants d'in ercia per a esmorteir el per l fluctuant de la pot encia generada pels parcs e olics. Els treballs es focalitzen en la de nici o dels criteris per a la operaci o optima dels volants d'in ercia per la seva aplicaci o d'esmorteir el per l fluctuant de potencia e olica, i tamb e en el disseny i validaci o experimental dels algoritmes de control desenvolupats per governar el sistema d'emmagatzematge. Els cap tols finals de la tesi tracten sobre el suport al control de freqü encia per part dels parcs e olics. S'ofereix una extensa revisi o bibliografica respecte els requeriments indicats pels operadors del sistema el ectric en aquest sentit. A m es, aquesta revisi o cobreix els m etodes de control dels parcs e olics i turbines e oliques per la seva participaci o en el suport al control de freqü encia. Les conclusions extretes serveixen per proposar sistemes de control de parcs e olics i de turbines e oliques per proveir el servei de control de freqüencia. Aquest treball, tamb e contempla la inclusi o de volants d'in ercia en els parcs e olics. Dels resultats de la tesi se'n dedueix l'important potencial dels sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia per a afavorir la integraci o a la xarxa dels parcs e olics. La controlabilitat de la pot encia dels volants d'in ercia, afavoreix el seu us per reduir la variabilitat de la pot encia generada pels parcs e olics, millorant aix la qualitat de pot encia del mateix. A m es, els volants d'in ercia poder ajudar als parcs e olics a complir amb els requeriments per a la seva integraci o a xarxa, com la participaci o en el control de freqüencia del sistema el ectric.
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Li, Pei 1981. "Controlling hour-long power of wind farms." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112574.

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In attempting to control the power output of a wind farm, it is first necessary to smooth the power fluctuations due to wind turbulence. This is accomplished by spatial smoothing, whereby the high frequency power components of a single wind turbine generator (WTG) is reduced by a factor of N-1/2, where N is the number of WTGs in the farm. For this reason the first part of the thesis is concerned with developing a model of smoothing in a wind farm and justifying it mathematically.
After spatial smoothing, the wind farm output still contains low frequency fluctuations. The second part of the thesis makes use of a combination of: (i) pitch angle control of the turbine blades, (ii) power electronic control of the generators, (iii) spatial filtering and (iv) negative feedback control to remove the low frequency fluctuations. The wind farm output then has the quality to be sold as regulated power which fetches a better economic return than when sold as energy. This, of course, presumes that 1-hour ahead prediction of wind velocity at 1-hour long low variance is available.
The thesis also considers the case when the conditions for regulated power are not predicted. In this situation, the wind farm may opt to use the tracking mode which tracks the slowly time varying non-turbulent wind power. The thesis examines the possibility of diverting some of the wind farm power to implement dynamic performance enhancement strategies, for system damping for example.
The controllability of the wind farm is demonstrated by simulations of a wind farm made up of 24 wind turbine-generators (WTGs) using 1-hour long wind velocity data.
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Nilsson, Julia. "On maintenance management of wind and nuclear power plants." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11321.

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Barry, Martin. "Distributed small-scale wind in New Zealand : advantages, barriers and policy support instruments : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/87.

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Scott, Ryan. "Characterizing Tilt Effects on Wind Plants." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5035.

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Tilting the nacelle of a wind turbine modifies entrainment into the wind plant and impacts total efficiency. Extreme angles can produce flying and crashing wakes where the wake either disrupts entertainment from the undisturbed flow above or is decimated on the ground. The effect of tilt angle on downstream wake behavior was investigated in a series of wind tunnel experiments. Scale model turbines with a hub height and diameter of 12 cm were arranged in a Cartesian array comprised of four rows of three turbines each. Nacelle tilt was varied in the third row from -15° to 15° in chosen 5° increments. Stereo PIV measurements of the instantaneous velocity field were recorded at four locations for each angle. Tilted wakes are described in terms of the average streamwise velocity field, wall-normal velocity field, Reynolds stresses, and mean vertical transport of kinetic energy. Conditional sampling is used to quantify the importance of sweep vs. ejection events and thus downwards vs. upwards momentum transfer. Additionally, wake center displacement and changes in net power are presented and compared to existing models. The results demonstrate large variations in wake velocity and vertical displacement with enhanced vertical energy and momentum transfer for negative tilt angles. Simulation models accurately predict wake deflection while analytic models deviate considerably highlighting the difficulties in describing tilt phenomena. Negative angles successfully produce crashing wakes and improve the availability of kinetic energy thereby improving the power output of the wind plant.
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Domínguez, García José Luis. "Analysis of the contribution of wind power plants to damp power system oscillations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129687.

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Wind power has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The very penetration levels of wind energy in power systems have altered several aspects of power system operation, such as system stability. Owing to the large penetration of wind power, transmission system operators (TSOs) have established special grid codes for wind farms connection. These grid codes require wind farms to provide ancillary services to the grid such as frequency and voltage regulation. In the near future, the capability of damping power system oscillations will be required. As a result of the development of such requirements, the concept of wind power plant (WPP) arises being de ned as a wind farm which is expected to behave similarly to a conventional power plant in terms of power generation, control and ancillary services. As future grid codes will require power oscillation damping contribution from wind power, the thesis is mainly focused on the analysis of the power system stabilizer (PSS) capability of wind power plants. The change produced by wind power plants based on di erent wind turbine technologies on power system small signal dynamics is analysed to determine their possible contribution to damp oscillations. The eff ect of the distance from the tie line to the wind power plant on the controller response and the influence of wind power plants proximity to synchronous generators are demonstrated to be critical factors. At this point several questions are raised as: What are the most critical factors? How can be ensure a proper contribution, at least the best possible response? Can it be ensured to be independent to the power system and the controller selected? To answer these questions, this thesis conducts research on proper selection of input-output signal pairs to damp out electromechanical oscillations using wind power plants without drawing attention to a particular control design. This is necessary conclusions about the power system independently of a particular controller. The capability to damp is an intrinsic characteristic of the system and should not be a ected by a particular controller (PSS). Firstly, di erent analysis techniques are compared, considering both controllability and observability measures and input-output interactions. This enables recommendations to be drawn so as to the selection of the the best signal pairs to damp power system oscillations considering di erent approaches, such as single-input single-output (SISO) and multivariable control (MIMO). Second, a new criterion to select the best input-output signals used by a PSS based on WPPs is presented, considering explicitly local and remote signals in the analysis. Taking into account fundamental design limitations and using controllability and observability concepts, the criterion is able to identify the most suitable pair of input-output local signals without consider any particular controller. Finally, due to the increase of wind power generation - including o shore locations - and the concept of an interconnected Pan-European network, a new o shore wind power plant AC network similar in design to the European SuperGrid \SuperNode", is analyzed. The cost e ect of choosing a nonstandard operating frequency on the o shore AC network is investigated. As the o shore AC network is isolated from onshore networks through the use of HVDC links, it may be operated in an asynchronous fashion and at a suitable frequency. The cost associated with operating the network at a fixed frequency in the range 20 to 120 Hz is investigated, focusing on the frequency-cost-scalings of electrical devices (such as cables, transformers and reactive compensation) and the related o shore infrastructures,
L'energia e olica s'ha convertit en una de les fonts d'energia renovable m es prometedores. Actualment, l'elevat nivell de penetraci o de l'energia e olica a la xarxa el ectrica ha conduï t a la modi caci o del comportament de diversos aspectes d'aquesta, com per exemple, l'estabilitat. Degut a aquesta gran penetraci o, els operadors de xarxes de transmissi o (TSOs) han establert procediments d'operaci o especials per a la connexi o de grans parcs e olics. Aquests codis requereixen als parcs elics que realitzin serveis auxiliars al sistema el ectric com, per exemple, la regulaci o de freqü encia i la regulaci o de la pot encia reactiva. En un futur proper, la capacitat dels parcs e olics per esmorteir les oscil lacions del sistema de pot encia es requerir a (en l'actualitat ja existeixen esborranys de nous procediments d'operaci o que ho inclouen). A causa d'aquest requeriments, el concepte de central de generaci o d'energia e olica es de neix com un parc e olic que s'espera que es comporti de manera similar a una central de generaci o el ectrica convencional en termes de poder realitzar tasques tals com generaci o, control i serveis auxiliars. Ja que un futur requeriment dels operadors de xarxa ser a la contribuci o de l'energia e olica en l'esmorteiment de les oscil lacions de pot encia, en aquesta tesi s'estudia la capacitat de les centrals e oliques per actuar com estabilitzador dels sistemes el ectrics de pot encia. A m es a m es, s'analitza l'efecte de les centrals d'energia e olica al comportament din amic del sistema el ectric considerant l'estabilitat de petita senyal, per a determinar quina podr a ser la possible contribuci o proporcionada per aquestes tecnologies. S'ha estudiat que l'efecte de la dist ancia des d'el punt de connexi o amb la central d'energia e olica a la resposta del control estabilitzant i la influ encia de la proximitat de les centrals e oliques als generadors s ncrons s on factors cr tics. D'aquest fet surgeixen algunes preguntes com: Es aquest el factor m es cr tic? Com es pot assegurar una contribuci o adequada, si m es no la millor resposta possible, per ajudar a estabilitzar el sistema el ectric? Es poden asegurar quina ser a la contribuci o a l'estabilitat del sistema el ectric independentment de la xarxa i l'esquema de control escollit? Per respondre a aquestes preguntes, aquesta tesi ha realitzat investigacions sobre l'adequada selecci o de parells de senyals d'entrada-sortida per esmorteir les oscil lacions electromec aniques amb centrals e oliques evitant dissenyar el controlador i propossant met odes f acilment adaptables a qualsevol sistema el ectric. En primer lloc, s'han comparat diferents t ecniques d'an alisi tenint en compte tant les mesures de controlabilitat i observabilitat com les interaccions entre les senyals d'entrada i sortida. D'aquesta comparaci o, certes recomanacions es donen a l'hora de seleccionar els millors parells de senyals per esmorteir les oscil lacions del sistema el ectric de pot encia considerant diferents esquemes de control com ara entrada unica sortida unica (SISO) i control multivariable (MIMO). En segon lloc, s'ha proposat un nou criteri per seleccionar les senyals d'entrada i sortida utilitzades per un control estabilitzador per centrals d'energia e olica. On, a difer encia amb anteriors met odes de selecci o proposats, el criteri presentat considera expl citament tant senyals locals com senyals remotes dins el seu an alisi. Aquest criteri es capa c d'identi car la parella de senyals locals d'entrada i sortida m es adequada sense realitzar el disseny del controlador, considerant tant les limitacions fonamentals del disseny del controlador imposades per el sistema com els conceptes de controlabilitat i observabilitat. Finalment, a causa del augment de la generaci o d'energia e olica, principalment en localitzacions marines, i al concepte d'una xarxa el ectrica comuna Pan-Europea, s'ha realitzat l'an alisi d'un nou concepte de xarxa en corrent altern (AC) dins de les centrals d'energia e olica marina, amb un disseny similar al concepte investigat a la Super-Xarxa Europea \Supernode". En aquest treball s'ha investigat l'efecte que t e en els costos la tria una freqüencia nominal d'operaci o no est andard en dita xarxa en corrent altern. La xarxa en AC que es forma entre les turbines e oliques i el convertidor de transmissi o es aï llada tant de les xarxes terrestres per l' us d'enlla cos en corrent continu (HVDC) com de la pr opia de les turbines per el convertidor que porten incorporat. Aquest fet implica que aquesta xarxa pot ser operada sense sincronitzar a qualsevol freqüencia. En aquesta tesi, s'ha estudiat quin es el cost associat amb l'operaci o de la xarxa a una freqü encia fi xa dins del rang de 20-120 Hz, focalitzant principalment en l'escalat del costos dels diferents elements el ectrics (com ara cables, transformadors i compensaci o reatviva i infraestructures necessaris en instal lacions marines respecte la freqüencia.
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Books on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele, eds. Wind Power Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1.

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Wind power. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2015.

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Ackermann, Thomas. Wind power in power systems. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley, 2012.

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Offshore wind: A comprehensive guide to successful offshore wind farm installation. Waltham. MA: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2012.

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Glasdam, Jakob Bærholm. Harmonics in Offshore Wind Power Plants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26476-9.

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Wind and solar power systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999.

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U.S. Dept. of Energy. Wind power in America's future: 20% wind energy by 2030. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2010.

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Energy from wind: Wind farming. New York, New York: Crabtree Publishing, 2016.

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Perkins, Samuel D. Offshore wind power: Challenges, economics, and benefits. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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C, Howard Brian, ed. Build your own small wind power system. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "The wind." In Wind Power Plants, 114–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_4.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Wind pump systems." In Wind Power Plants, 330–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_10.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Offshore wind farms." In Wind Power Plants, 520–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_16.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Guidelines and analysis procedures." In Wind Power Plants, 307–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_9.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Introduction to Wind Energy." In Wind Power Plants, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_1.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Wind turbines for electricity generation - basics." In Wind Power Plants, 363–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_11.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Supervisory and control systems for wind turbines." In Wind Power Plants, 400–427. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_12.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Concepts of electricity generation by wind turbines." In Wind Power Plants, 428–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_13.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Wind turbine operation at the interconnected grid." In Wind Power Plants, 461–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_14.

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Gasch, Robert, and Jochen Twele. "Planning, operation and economics of wind farm projects." In Wind Power Plants, 480–519. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22938-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Kueffner, John H. "Wind Hybrid Power System for Antarctica Inmarsat Link." In INTELEC '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intlec.1986.4794440.

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Saylors, S. W. "Wind parks as power plants." In 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2006.1709063.

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Camm, E. H., M. R. Behnke, O. Bolado, M. Bollen, M. Bradt, C. Brooks, W. Dilling, et al. "Reactive power compensation for wind power plants." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275328.

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Carstea, Ciprian, Florin Butaru, Mihaela-Codruta Ancuti, Sorin Musuroi, Antheia Deacu, Mircea Babaita, and Alin Marius Stanciu. "Wind Power Plants Operation at Variable Wind Speeds." In 2020 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saci49304.2020.9118826.

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Wan, Yih-Huei, Michael Milligan, and Brian Parsons. "Output Power Correlation Between Nearby Wind Power Plants." In ASME 2003 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2003-1342.

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power output data from large commercial wind power plants. Outputs from about 330 MW of wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitudes and rates of changes in the levels of wind power. Analyses of power data confirm that spatial separation greatly reduces variations in the combined wind power output relative to output from a single wind power plant. Data show that high frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other, but low frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting.
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Bartz, Wilfried J. "Tribological Aspects of Wind Power Plants." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63019.

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Using sustainable and renewable energy resources becomes more and more important. One possibility is the use of the energy content of the wind. During the past 20 years the wind energy technology experienced a remarkable development. More than 50 countries world wide are producing wind energy. The forecasts for 2005 are about 8,525 MW installations in Europe and 12,175 MW world wide. The accumulated capacity at the end of 2005 will be in the order of magnitude of 65,000 MW (2). The main growth market is still Europe, followed by the USA and by Asia. In Europe the countries with the highest figures are Germany, Spain and Denmark. Until the end of 2005 in Germany an accumulated power output of about 18,000 MW will be installed (2).
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Tkac, Jan, Marek Hvizdos, and Jozef Rusnak. "Modelling of wind power plants operation." In 9th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2010.5490020.

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Chowdhury, Badrul H., and Hong T. Ma. "Frequency regulation with wind power plants." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596864.

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Saylors, Steven W. "Wind parks as power plants - 2008." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596878.

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Zharkov, S. V. "Wind use at thermal power plants." In 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2005.4524771.

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Reports on the topic "Wind power plants – Antarctica"

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Singh, Mohit, and Surya Santoso. Dynamic Models for Wind Turbines and Wind Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028524.

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Milligan, M. Modeling utility-scale wind power plants, part 1: Economics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/758362.

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Milligan, M. R. Modeling Utility-Scale Wind Power Plants, Part 2: Capacity Credit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15000143.

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Denholm, P., M. Hand, M. Jackson, and S. Ong. Land Use Requirements of Modern Wind Power Plants in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/964608.

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McDowell, Jason, Reigh Walling, William Peter, Edi Von Engeln, Eric Seymour, Robert Nelson, Leo Casey, Abraham Ellis, and Chris Barker. Reactive power interconnection requirements for PV and wind plants : recommendations to NERC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039006.

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Kotarbinski, Matthew, David Keyser, and Jeremy Stefek. Workforce and Economic Development Considerations from the Operations and Maintenance of Wind Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1735633.

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Baring-Gould, I., R. Robichaud, and K. McLain. Analysis of the Use of Wind Energy to Supplement the Power Needs at McMurdo Station and Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016224.

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Denholm, P., G. Brinkman, D. Lew, and M. Hummon. Operation of Concentrating Solar Power Plants in the Western Wind and Solar Integration Phase 2 Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132184.

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Gao, David Wenzhong, Eduard Muljadi, Tian Tian, Mackay Miller, and Weisheng Wang. Comparison of Standards and Technical Requirements of Grid-Connected Wind Power Plants in China and the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326717.

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Mortensen, Ken. Improved Performance of an Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) Using SPX Wind Guide Technology at Coal-Based Thermoelectric Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025180.

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