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1
Yohana, Eflita, MSK Tony Suryo U, Binawan Luhung, Mohamad Julian Reza, and M. Badruz Zaman. "Experimental Study of Wind Booster Addition for Savonius Vertical Wind Turbine of Two Blades Variations Using Low Wind Speed." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912514003.
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The Wind turbine is a tool used in Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The wind turbine produces electricity by converting wind energy into kinetic energy and spinning to produce electricity. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is designed to produce electricity from winds at low speeds. Vertical wind turbines have 2 types, they are wind turbine Savonius and Darrieus. This research is to know the effect of addition wind booster to Savonius vertical wind turbine with the variation 2 blades and 3 blades. Calculation the power generated by wind turbine using energy analysis method using the concept of the first law of thermodynamics. The result obtained is the highest value of blade power in Savonius wind turbine without wind booster (16.5 ± 1.9) W at wind speed 7 m/s with a tip speed ratio of 1.00 ± 0.01. While wind turbine Savonius with wind booster has the highest power (26.3 ± 1.6) W when the wind speed of 7 m/s with a tip speed ratio of 1.26 ± 0.01. The average value of vertical wind turbine power increases Savonius after wind booster use of 56%.
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He, Yi Ming, and Xian Yi Qian. "Design of Wind Power Turbine's Main Components and Computation of its Output Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.23.
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We have mainly studied the main structure of wind power turbines components in accordance with the principle aerodynamics. We also have taken horizontal axis wind power turbine for example and studied the basic structure and producing technology about wheel, base and other equipments. We have computed the wind power turbines output power and efficiency, and compared with some kinds of different wind power turbines output power and efficiency. All what have studied is important to design wind power turbine.
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Rudianto, Daniel. "RANCANG BANGUN TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS 200 WATT." Conference SENATIK STT Adisutjipto Yogyakarta 2 (November 15, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/senatik.v2i0.35.
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This study aimed to establish the type of Savonius wind turbines that capable of generating electric power of 200 Watts. This objective relates to Bantul District Government program which plans to build wind turbin generating electrical power (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu, PLTB) 200 Watt as a backup power source for powering cooling fish caught by fishermen in the southern coast. Savonius Turbine chosen with consideration that it has simple construction so that the cost is not expensive, not depending on the direction of the wind, and is suitable for small power plants.Design of Savonius turbine blade has been completed, the turbine blade height 168 cm and a diameter of 55 cm. Blade turbine mounted on an arm along 55 cm from the turbine shaft and separate 120º. The turbine is supported by a 3-foot-tall turbines framework 2,5 m iron box 4 cm x 4 cm. The test simulated to determine the turbine rotation has been performed at varying wind speeds, i.e. 2 m /s, 4 m /s and 6 m /s.Based on test results, the turbine is capable of rotating an average of 54,2 rpm at a wind speed of 2 m /s; 86,8 rpm at a wind speed of 4 m /s; and 124,2 rpm at a wind speed of 6 m /s. These test results indicate that the Savonius turbines can be used to drive a generator producing the need of electrical energy
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Chung, P. D. "Evaluation of Reactive Power Support Capability of Wind Turbines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 5211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3260.
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Reactive power plays an important role in the operation of power systems, especially in the case of wind energy integration. This paper aims to evaluate the reactive power support capability of wind turbines in both normal and voltage sag conditions. The three 2MW wind turbines studied are a fixed speed wind turbine and two variable speed wind turbines with full-scale and power-scale power converters. Comparison results indicate that at normal operation, the fixed speed wind turbine with a static synchronous compensator is able to consume the highest reactive power, while the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter can supply the highest reactive power. In case of low voltage, the fixed speed wind turbine with the static synchronous compensator can support the highest reactive power if the static synchronous compensator’s capacity is similar to the wind turbine’s capacity, while if its capacity is equal to 25% of the generator’s capacity, the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter has the best performance.
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Chen, Ya-ling, Yin-peng Liu, and Xiao-fei Sun. "The Active Frequency Control Strategy of the Wind Power Based on Model Predictive Control." Complexity 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834234.
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In this paper, an active frequency control strategy of wind turbines based on model predictive control is proposed by using the power margin of wind turbines operating in load shedding mode. The frequency response model of the microgrid system with the load shedding of the wind turbines is used to predict the output power and system frequency deviation of the wind turbine. According to the prediction information, the output power control signal of the model predictive controller in the wind turbine can be optimized. On this basis, a wind turbine active participation frequency control strategy based on model predictive control is designed by rolling prediction and optimization. The wind turbine power control signal after the strategy is used to adjust the output power of the wind turbine and balance the change of the active power of the system to reduce the frequency deviation.
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Cho, Soo-Yong, Sang-Kyu Choi, Jin-Gyun Kim, and Chong-Hyun Cho. "An experimental study of the optimal design parameters of a wind power tower used to improve the performance of vertical axis wind turbines." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018799543.
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In order to augment the performance of vertical axis wind turbines, wind power towers have been used because they increase the frontal area. Typically, the wind power tower is installed as a circular column around a vertical axis wind turbine because the vertical axis wind turbine should be operated in an omnidirectional wind. As a result, the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine depends on the design parameters of the wind power tower. An experimental study was conducted in a wind tunnel to investigate the optimal design parameters of the wind power tower. Three different sizes of guide walls were applied to test with various wind power tower design parameters. The tested vertical axis wind turbine consisted of three blades of the NACA0018 profile and its solidity was 0.5. In order to simulate the operation in omnidirectional winds, the wind power tower was fabricated to be rotated. The performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was severely varied depending on the azimuthal location of the wind power tower. Comparison of the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was performed based on the power coefficient obtained by averaging for the one periodic azimuth angle. The optimal design parameters were estimated using the results obtained under equal experimental conditions. When the non-dimensional inner gap was 0.3, the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was better than any other gaps.
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Demurtas, Giorgio, Troels Friis Pedersen, and Rozenn Wagner. "Nacelle power curve measurement with spinner anemometer and uncertainty evaluation." Wind Energy Science 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-97-2017.
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Abstract. The objective of this investigation was to verify the feasibility of using the spinner anemometer calibration and nacelle transfer function determined on one reference wind turbine, in order to assess the power performance of a second identical turbine. An experiment was set up with a met mast in a position suitable to measure the power curve of the two wind turbines, both equipped with a spinner anemometer. An IEC 61400-12-1-compliant power curve was then measured for both wind turbines using the met mast. The NTF (nacelle transfer function) was measured on the reference wind turbine and then applied to both turbines to calculate the free wind speed. For each of the two wind turbines, the power curve (PC) was measured with the met mast and the nacelle power curve (NPC) with the spinner anemometer. Four power curves (two PCs and two NPCs) were compared in terms of AEP (annual energy production) for a Rayleigh wind speed probability distribution. For each wind turbine, the NPC agreed with the corresponding PC within 0.10 % of AEP for the reference wind turbine and within 0.38 % for the second wind turbine, for a mean wind speed of 8 m s−1.
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Seifert, Janna Kristina, Martin Kraft, Martin Kühn, and Laura J. Lukassen. "Correlations of power output fluctuations in an offshore wind farm using high-resolution SCADA data." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 997–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-997-2021.
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Abstract. Space–time correlations of power output fluctuations of wind turbine pairs provide information on the flow conditions within a wind farm and the interactions of wind turbines. Such information can play an essential role in controlling wind turbines and short-term load or power forecasting. However, the challenges of analysing correlations of power output fluctuations in a wind farm are the highly varying flow conditions. Here, we present an approach to investigate space–time correlations of power output fluctuations of streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs based on high-resolution supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The proposed approach overcomes the challenge of spatially variable and temporally variable flow conditions within the wind farm. We analyse the influences of the different statistics of the power output of wind turbines on the correlations of power output fluctuations based on 8 months of measurements from an offshore wind farm with 80 wind turbines. First, we assess the effect of the wind direction on the correlations of power output fluctuations of wind turbine pairs. We show that the correlations are highest for the streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs and decrease when the mean wind direction changes its angle to be more perpendicular to the pair. Further, we show that the correlations for streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs depend on the location of the wind turbines within the wind farm and on their inflow conditions (free stream or wake). Our primary result is that the standard deviations of the power output fluctuations and the normalised power difference of the wind turbines in a pair can characterise the correlations of power output fluctuations of streamwise-aligned wind turbine pairs. Further, we show that clustering can be used to identify different correlation curves. For this, we employ the data-driven k-means clustering algorithm to cluster the standard deviations of the power output fluctuations of the wind turbines and the normalised power difference of the wind turbines in a pair. Thereby, wind turbine pairs with similar power output fluctuation correlations are clustered independently from their location. With this, we account for the highly variable flow conditions inside a wind farm, which unpredictably influence the correlations.
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Knysh, L. I. "ON POTENTIAL OF USING WIND TURBINES WITH COAXIAL WIND ROTORS FOR AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 25-30 (December 7, 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.025-033.
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The paper presents the experimental research results for the horizontal-axis wind turbine with coaxial wind rotors. It is assumed that such coaxial layout of the wind turbine can be used for designing of the wind energy systems with relatively low capacity and limited location area since the coaxial systems have advantages in overall dimensions and maximum using of the swept area. Possibility of coaxial horizontal-axis wind turbines usage is determined by positive or negative effect of turbines on each other. Literature review shows that closely spaced wind turbines can generally improve flow characteristics under certain conditions and consequently increase wind energy system efficiency. We have carried out the experiments in T-5 wind tunnel with two coaxial model two-bladed wind turbines which rotate in opposite directions. The generator of the first turbine and first turbine itself are located on the same shaft in the test section of wind tunnel. The second generator is in a lower compartment of the experimental setup and is connected by the transmission. We have measured the dynamic, energy and frequency characteristics of wind energy systems based on created experimental setup. A Pitot tube and automatic metering devises have measured the dynamic parameters and energy performance respectively. A frequency counter has saved all of the data obtained with the laser frequency measurement technique. The experiment has some specific technical features so the data received need to be corrected. The coaxial wind turbine power has decreased in comparison to isolated wind turbine at low wind speed. The return flows reinforce turbulence so wind speed falls. If wind speed increases, the impact of the return flows decreases, the coaxial wind turbine capacity significantly grows and exceeds isolated turbine capacity. The possibility of using wind turbines with coaxial wind rotors for autonomous power supply is shown. Such wind turbines are perspective and require more detailed analysis.
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Raina, Faisal Mushtaq, and Gagan Deep Yadav. "Frequency Regulation in Wind Turbine and Steam Turbine based Power System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (October 31, 2017): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2412.
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Khudri Johari, Muhd, Muhammad Azim A Jalil, and Mohammad Faizal Mohd Shariff. "Comparison of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21333.
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As the demand for green technology is rising rapidly worldwide, it is important that Malaysian researchers take advantage of Malaysia’s windy climates and areas to initiate more power generation projects using wind. The main objectives of this study are to build a functional wind turbine and to compare the performance of two types of design for wind turbine under different speeds and behaviours of the wind. A three-blade horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) have been designed with CATIA software and constructed using a 3D-printing method. Both wind turbines have undergone series of tests before the voltage and current output from the wind turbines are collected. The result of the test is used to compare the performance of both wind turbines that will imply which design has the best efficiency and performance for Malaysia’s tropical climate. While HAWT can generate higher voltage (up to 8.99 V at one point), it decreases back to 0 V when the wind angle changes. VAWT, however, can generate lower voltage (1.4 V) but changes in the wind angle does not affect its voltage output at all. The analysis has proven that VAWT is significantly more efficient to be built and utilized for Malaysia’s tropical and windy climates. This is also an initiative project to gauge the possibility of building wind turbines, which could be built on the extensive and windy areas surrounding Malaysian airports.
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Murphy, Patrick, Julie K. Lundquist, and Paul Fleming. "How wind speed shear and directional veer affect the power production of a megawatt-scale operational wind turbine." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 1169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1169-2020.
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Abstract. Most megawatt-scale wind turbines align themselves into the wind as defined by the wind speed at or near the center of the rotor (hub height). However, both wind speed and wind direction can change with height across the area swept by the turbine blades. A turbine aligned to hub-height winds might experience suboptimal or superoptimal power production, depending on the changes in the vertical profile of wind, also known as shear. Using observed winds and power production over 6 months at a site in the high plains of North America, we quantify the sensitivity of a wind turbine's power production to wind speed shear and directional veer as well as atmospheric stability. We measure shear using metrics such as α (the log-law wind shear exponent), βbulk (a measure of bulk rotor-disk-layer veer), βtotal (a measure of total rotor-disk-layer veer), and rotor-equivalent wind speed (REWS; a measure of actual momentum encountered by the turbine by accounting for shear). We also consider the REWS with the inclusion of directional veer, REWSθ, although statistically significant differences in power production do not occur between REWS and REWSθ at our site. When REWS differs from the hub-height wind speed (as measured by either the lidar or a transfer function-corrected nacelle anemometer), the turbine power generation also differs from the mean power curve in a statistically significant way. This change in power can be more than 70 kW or up to 5 % of the rated power for a single 1.5 MW utility-scale turbine. Over a theoretical 100-turbine wind farm, these changes could lead to instantaneous power prediction gains or losses equivalent to the addition or loss of multiple utility-scale turbines. At this site, REWS is the most useful metric for segregating the turbine's power curve into high and low cases of power production when compared to the other shear or stability metrics. Therefore, REWS enables improved forecasts of power production.
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Astolfi, Davide, and Francesco Castellani. "Wind Turbine Power Curve Upgrades: Part II." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081503.
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Wind turbine power upgrades have recently become a debated topic in wind energy research. Their assessment poses some challenges and calls for devoted techniques: some reasons are the stochastic nature of the wind and the multivariate dependency of wind turbine power. In this work, two test cases were studied. The former is the yaw management optimization on a 2 MW wind turbine; the latter is a comprehensive control upgrade (pitch, yaw, and cut-out) for 850 kW wind turbines. The upgrade impact was estimated by analyzing the difference between the post-upgrade power and a data-driven simulation of the power if the upgrade did not take place. Therefore, a reliable model for the pre-upgrade power of the wind turbines of interest was needed and, in this work, a principal component regression was employed. The yaw control optimization was shown to provide a 1.3% of production improvement and the control re-powering provided 2.5%. Another qualifying point was that, for the 850 kW wind turbine re-powering, the data quality was sufficient for an upgrade estimate based on power curve analysis and a good agreement with the model result was obtained. Summarizing, evidence of the profitability of wind turbine power upgrades was collected and data-driven methods were elaborated for power upgrade assessment and, in general, for wind turbine performance control and monitoring.
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Ignatiev, S. G., and S. V. Kiseleva. "SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 22-24 (November 5, 2018): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.22-24.028-050.
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Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.
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Chung, P. D. "Smoothing the Power Output of a Wind Turbine Group with a Compensation Strategy of Power Variation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 4 (August 21, 2021): 7343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4234.
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This paper proposes a new scheme to reduce the output power variation range of a wind turbine group without an energy storage system. This proposal is based on the active power compensation principle for each wind turbine. In this research, the wind turbine operates in the active power control mode. The reference active power is calculated in such a way that it compensates for the difference between the average output power and the actual output power. To verify and evaluate the proposed method, we simulated a group of two 1.5MW-wind turbines in the Simulink environment of MATLAB. Simulation results were compared to the ones of a wind turbine group without any smoothing scheme and the ones of the same group with the Exponential Moving Average method. From this comparison, we can conclude that with the proposed method, the actual output power of the wind turbine group becomes smoother than that of the wind turbine group without any smoothing scheme. Moreover, the performance of the wind turbine group with the proposed method is better than that of the wind turbine group with the Exponential Moving Average method.
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Doerffer, Piotr, Krzysztof Doerffer, Tomasz Ochrymiuk, and Janusz Telega. "Variable Size Twin-Rotor Wind Turbine." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132543.
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The paper presents a new concept of a vertical axis wind turbine. The idea is focused on small wind turbines, and therefore, the dominating quality is safety. Another important necessary feature is efficient operation at small winds. This implies an application of the drag driven solution such as the Savonius rotor. The presented concept is aimed at reducing the rotor size and the cost of implementation. A new wind turbine solution, its efficiency, and functionality are described. The results of numerical simulations being a proof of the concept are reported. The simulations were followed by wind tunnel tests. Finally several prototypes were built and investigated for a longer period of time. The new wind turbine concept has undergone various testing and implementation efforts, making this idea matured, well proven and documented. A new feature, namely, the wind turbine size reduction at strong winds, or in other words, an increase in the wind turbine size at low winds is the reason why it is difficult to compare this turbine with other turbines on the market. The power output depends not only on the turbine efficiency but also on its varying size.
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Korobatov, D. V., A. O. Troitskiy, and E. A. Sirotkin. "WIND TURBINE POWER CONTROL." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 15-18 (January 1, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2016.15-18.067-074.
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Hakim, Luthfi, Achmad Rijano, and Mochamad Muzaki. "Analisis Regresi Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Daya Turbin Angin Jenis VAWT Tipe Darrieus-Savonius." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v1i02.16.
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The Darrieus-Savonius (DS) wind turbine has been widely developed with the aim of improving turbine performance that has been designed. DS wind turbine is a combination of two type of wind turbines, that is Darrieus and Savonius turbine, both turbines are intentionally developed In order to get self-starting on turbine Savonius with low wind speed and able to extract the speed of engine into energy well at high wind speed through Cherrie Darrieus. This study was conducted to analyze the performance of the DS turbine in the wind speed to be energized through the turbine rotation and power to be generated. The DS wind turbine is designed to start rotating at a speed of 8 m/s in velocity of wind, meanwhile the maximum power generated by turbine is 48,23 Watts.
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Jamal, Jamal, A. M. Shiddiq Yunus, and Lewi Lewi. "Pengaruh Kelengkungan Sudu Terhadap Kinerja Turbin Angin Savonius." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 6, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v6i2.1578.
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Savonius wind turbine is one of the wind turbines that is more widely used for low energy needs, with more energy needs, this turbine type is very feasible to be developed. This research aims to improve the performance of Savonius wind turbines with variations in turbine blade curvature and variations in wind speed. The research method is a laboratory experiment on the fan test, the blade curvature test variation is 1R; 1.5R and 2R, another variation is the wind speed which are 4.0; 5.5; 7.0 and 8.5 m/s. The experiement results shows that the greater the wind speed, the input power, air mass flow velocity, power output, and efficiency will be even greater; the greater the load force on the turbine shaft, the torque on the turbine shaft will also be greater; the relationship of force loads to power output and turbine efficiency is to construct a parabolic curve; for the same wind speed, the 2R turbine has the lowest rotation, power output and efficiency compared to the 1R and 1.5R turbines; at the same wind speed the 1R turbine produces a higher rotation but requires lower torque than the 1.5R turbine; at low wind speeds (4 m / s) the 1.5R turbine has better efficiency than the 1R turbine, whereas at the high wind speed (8.5 m/s) the 1R turbine has a better efficiency than the 1.5R turbine; The maximum efficiency is obtained at 89.56% in the 1R curvature turbine with a wind speed of 8.5 m / s.
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Bartl, Jan, Franz Mühle, and Lars Sætran. "Wind tunnel study on power output and yaw moments for two yaw-controlled model wind turbines." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-489-2018.
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Abstract. In this experimental wind tunnel study the effects of intentional yaw misalignment on the power production and loads of a downstream turbine are investigated for full and partial wake overlap. Power, thrust force and yaw moment are measured on both the upstream and downstream turbine. The influence of inflow turbulence level and streamwise turbine separation distance are analyzed for full wake overlap. For partial wake overlap the concept of downstream turbine yawing for yaw moment mitigation is examined for different lateral offset positions. Results indicate that upstream turbine yaw misalignment is able to increase the combined power production of the two turbines for both partial and full wake overlap. For aligned turbine setups the combined power is increased between 3.5 % and 11 % depending on the inflow turbulence level and turbine separation distance. The increase in combined power is at the expense of increased yaw moments on both the upstream and downstream turbine. For partial wake overlap, yaw moments on the downstream turbine can be mitigated through upstream turbine yawing. Simultaneously, the combined power output of the turbine array is increased. A final test case demonstrates benefits for power and loads through downstream turbine yawing in partial wake overlap. Yaw moments can be decreased and the power increased by intentionally yawing the downstream turbine in the opposite direction.
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Sathiyanarayanan, J. S., and A. Senthil Kumar. "Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Fuzzy Controller: A Survey." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/252645.
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Wind energy is one of the extraordinary sources of renewable energy due to its clean character and free availability. With the increasing wind power penetration, the wind farms are directly influencing the power systems. The majority of wind farms are using variable speed wind turbines equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) due to their advantages over other wind turbine generators (WTGs). Therefore, the analysis of wind power dynamics with the DFIG wind turbines has become a very important research issue, especially during transient faults. This paper presents fuzzy logic control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine in a sample power system. Fuzzy logic controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine.
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Dunlop, John. "Modern Wind Power Plant in Minnesota." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (December 1, 2000): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1374207.
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Wind on Minnesota’s southwestern prairie supplies electricity to Minneapolis and St. Paul. At the time this 143-wind turbine, 107 MW project was brought on line in 1998, it was the largest in the U.S. It was superceded by a project in Iowa that began operating in June of 1999. The turbine blades are 50 meters in diameter and mounted on towers 50 meters high. Each 750 kW turbine generates enough electricity for 260 homes. The 143 turbines are expected to produce about 300 GWhr of electricity per year. Minnesota has led the nation in new wind power installations over the past decade, followed closely by Iowa. California still has the largest installed capacity of any state due to the installation of numerous projects in the early 1980s.
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Zhang, Ling, Hui Xia Sheng, and Da Fei Guo. "Effect of Wind Shear to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Aerodynamic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.99.
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A three-dimensional unsteady numerical study of the streaming flow field of the1.2 MW horizontal axis wind turbines which operation in the 11.26 m/s under the uniform wind and the shear wind have been carried out in this paper. according to the simulation results to understand the effect of uniform flow and the dynamic wind shear flow to the output power of wind turbine and the aerodynamics. results showed that: Under the uniform wind,Wind turbine power calculation values are in good agreement with the design value ,Wind turbines under the influence of wind shear can lead to change in load and performance on the surface of the blade.
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Wang, Xiaotong, Wangqiang Niu, and Wei Gu. "Applied Systems Theory: Wind Turbine Output Power Prediction based on Wind Energy Utilization Coefficient." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (April 12, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.39.
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The output power of a wind turbine is the most critical variable reflecting the operating status of the turbine. To improve the interpretability of the prediction model, a segmented output power method based on wind energy utilization coefficient is established. First, the wind energy conversion system of the wind turbine is given, and the SCADA data of a wind turbine is visually analyzed. Then it is proposed to separate the data into three groups according to different operating regions of wind turbines: the Maximum Power Point Tracking region, the rotator speed control region, and the power control region. In the Maximum Power Point Tracking region, wind energy utilization coefficient is found by a fitted cubic polynomial of the tip speed ratio. In the rotator speed control region, a modeling method for determining wind energy utilization coefficient through dynamic labels is designed. In the power control region, the output power is kept at the rated value. Finally, the 3 models are connected so that time-series data can be handled. The SCADA data of a 2.1MW wind turbine is used to verify the above models. The performance of these models is given in the form of Root Mean Square Error, indicating that the output power predicted by this method has good accuracy.The segmented output power model based on wind energy utilization coefficient can simulate the operation process of wind turbines, and has good accuracy and interpretability.
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McCandless, Tyler C., and Sue Ellen Haupt. "The super-turbine wind power conversion paradox: using machine learning to reduce errors caused by Jensen's inequality." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-343-2019.
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Abstract. Wind power is a variable generation resource and therefore requires accurate forecasts to enable integration into the electric grid. Generally, the wind speed is forecast for a wind plant and the forecasted wind speed is converted to power to provide an estimate of the expected generating capacity of the plant. The average wind speed forecast for the plant is a function of the underlying meteorological phenomena being predicted; however, the wind speed for each turbine at the farm is also a function of the local terrain and the array orientation. Conversion algorithms that assume an average wind speed for the plant, i.e., the super-turbine power conversion, assume that the effects of the local terrain and array orientation are insignificant in producing variability in the wind speeds across the turbines at the farm. Here, we quantify the differences in converting wind speed to power at the turbine level compared with a super-turbine power conversion for a hypothetical wind farm of 100 2 MW turbines as well as from empirical data. The simulations with simulated turbines show a maximum difference of approximately 3 % at 11 m s−1 with a 1 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds and 8 % at 11 m s−1 with a 2 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds as a consequence of Jensen's inequality. The empirical analysis shows similar results with mean differences between converted wind speed to power and measured power of approximately 68 kW per 2 MW turbine. However, using a random forest machine learning method to convert to power reduces the error in the wind speed to power conversion when given the predictors that quantify the differences due to Jensen's inequality. These significant differences can lead to wind power forecasters overestimating the wind generation when utilizing a super-turbine power conversion for high wind speeds, and indicate that power conversion is more accurately done at the turbine level if no other compensatory mechanism is used to account for Jensen's inequality.
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Arifin, Zainal, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, Suyitno Suyitno, Wibawa Endra Juwana, Rendhy Adhi Rachmanto, Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, and Catur Harsito. "Performance of Crossflow Wind Turbines in In-line Configuration and Opposite Rotation Direction." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.131139.
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Wind energy sources must be investigated to produce electrical energy from a renewable source. Crossflow wind turbines are suitable for use because they have several advantages such as self-starting ability, low noise, and excellent stability. They have the potential to be applied as small wind turbines in urban districts because of their small maximum coefficient of power (Cp), which is 10% of that of other small wind turbines. To enhance the performance of crossflow wind turbines, we changed the turbine to rotate in the opposite direction in the in-line configuration. Turbine performance testing was tested using a wind tunnel. The characteristics of crossflow wind turbines were investigated, then turbine performance was analyzed and discussed. The maximum power coefficient obtained was 0.169 (Cp) with the configuration of 12 turbine blades at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The maximum torque coefficient obtained was 0.703. The overall results show that the crossflow wind turbine in in-line configuration with opposite rotation can improve the performance of wind turbines.
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Liu, Tianshu, RS Vewen Ramasamy, Ryne Radermacher, William Liou, and David Moussa Salazar. "Oscillating-wing unit for power generation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 510–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918790116.
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This paper describes an exploratory study of a nonconventional wind power converter with a pair of oscillating wings, which is called an oscillating-wing unit. The working principles of the oscillating-wing unit are described, including the aerodynamic models, kinematical, and dynamical models. The performance of the oscillating-wing unit is evaluated through computational simulations and the power scaling in comparison with conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines. Then, a model oscillating-wing unit is designed, built, and tested in a wind tunnel to examine the feasibility of the oscillating-wing unit in extraction of the wind energy in comparison with the theoretical analysis. The theoretical analysis and experimental data indicate that the oscillating-wing unit has the power efficiency comparable to the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine and it can operate at low wind speeds.
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Mao, Zhaoyong, Guangyong Yang, Tianqi Zhang, and Wenlong Tian. "Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of a Building-Integrated Savonius Turbine." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102636.
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The building-integrated wind turbine is a new technology for the utilization of wind energy in cities. Previous studies mainly focused on the wind turbines mounted on the roofs of buildings. This paper discusses the performance of Savonius wind turbines which are mounted on the edges of a high-rise building. A transient CFD method is used to investigate the performance of the turbine and the interaction flows between the turbine and the building. The influence of three main parameters, including the turbine gap, wind angle, and adjacent turbines, are considered. The variations of the turbine torque and power under different operating conditions are evaluated and explained in depth. It is found that the edge-mounted Savonius turbine has a higher coefficient of power than that operating in uniform flows; the average Cp of the turbine under 360-degree wind angles is 92.5% higher than the turbine operating in uniform flows. It is also found that the flow around the building has a great impact on turbine performance, especially when the turbine is located downwind of the building.
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Castellani, Francesco, and Davide Astolfi. "Editorial on Special Issue “Wind Turbine Power Optimization Technology”." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071796.
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This Special Issue collects innovative contributions in the field of wind turbine optimization technology. The general motivation of the present Special Issue is given by the fact that there has recently been a considerable boost of the quest for wind turbine efficiency optimization in the academia and in the wind energy practitioners communities. The optimization can be focused on technology and operation of single turbine or a group of machines within a wind farm. This perspective is evidently multi-faced and the seven papers composing this Special Issue provide a representative picture of the most ground-breaking state of the art about the subject. Wind turbine power optimization means scientific research about the design of innovative aerodynamic solutions for wind turbine blades and of wind turbine single or collective control, especially for increasing rotor size and exploitation in offshore environment. It should be noticed that some recently developed aerodynamic and control solutions have become available in the industry practice and therefore an interesting line of development is the assessment of the actual impact of optimization technology for wind turbines operating in field: this calls for non-trivial data analysis and statistical methods. The optimization approach must be 360 degrees; for this reason also offshore resource should be addressed with the most up to date technologies such as floating wind turbines, in particular as regards support structures and platforms to be employed in ocean environment. Finally, wind turbine power optimization means as well improving wind farm efficiency through innovative uses of pre-existent control techniques: this is employed, for example, for active control of wake interactions in order to maximize the energy yield and minimize the fatigue loads.
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Valiev, M., R. Stepanov, V. Pakhov, M. Salakhov, V. Zherekhov, and G. N. Barakos. "Analytical and experimental study of the integral aerodynamic characteristics of low-speed wind turbines." Aeronautical Journal 118, no. 1209 (November 2014): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000009957.
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Abstract This paper proposes a new wind turbine concept suitable for low-speed winds. The design is studied using a combination of wind-tunnel experimentation and aerodynamic theory. After processing the experimental results, and after comparison with theory, the optimal conditions for the operation of the turbine are identified. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that the design offers a realistic alternative to conventional horizontal axis wind turbines. In addition, the proposed turbine has good power efficiency at low wind speeds, and is suitable for deployment in areas not yet favoured by wind farm developers.
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Indriani, Anizar, Gordon Manurung, Novalio Daratha, and Hendra Hendra. "Perancangan Turbin Sumbu Horizontal dan Sumbu Vertikal untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin (Studi Kasus di Kota Bengkulu)." JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jamplifier.v9i2.15376.
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ABSTRACTWind Power Plant is a power plant that uses wind as an energy resources to produce electrical energy. The Bengkulu region which is mostly a coastal area with conditions of strong wind speeds that can be utilized as a source of wind power generation. Wind energy can be utilized as an alternative and renewable energy source using wind turbine. Wind turbine performance depends on the shape, position and dimensions of the turbine, etc. In this study focus on the design of wind power plants with horizontal axis turbine position and vertical axis turbine position. Wind turbine was designed with 3 blades made of wood materials. The permanent magnet DC generator are used for generator in the horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine positions with maximum power that can be generated at 800 Watt. Testing of the two types of turbines was carried out on the coast of Bengkulu city. The results shows that the horizontal axis wind power plant design starts rotating at a wind speed of 3.5 m / s, while the vertical axis wind power plant design starts rotating at a wind speed of 6.5 m / s. The voltage generated by the horizontal axis wind power plant at a wind speed of 3.5 m / s is 12 Volts. The voltage generated by the vertical axis wind power plant at a wind speed of 6.5 m / s is 9 Volts.
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Vahidzadeh, Mohsen, and Corey D. Markfort. "Modified Power Curves for Prediction of Power Output of Wind Farms." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 12, 2019): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091805.
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Power curves are used to model power generation of wind turbines, which in turn is used for wind energy assessment and forecasting total wind farm power output of operating wind farms. Power curves are based on ideal uniform inflow conditions, however, as wind turbines are installed in regions of heterogeneous and complex terrain, the effect of non-ideal operating conditions resulting in variability of the inflow must be considered. We propose an approach to include turbulence, yaw error, air density, wind veer and shear in the prediction of turbine power by using high resolution wind measurements. In this study, two modified power curves using standard ten-minute wind speed and high resolution one-second data along with a derived power surface were tested and compared to the standard operating curve for a 2.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine. Data from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system along with wind speed measurements from a nacelle-mounted sonic anemometer and wind speed measurements from a nearby meteorological tower are used in the models. The results show that all of the proposed models perform better than the standard power curve while the power surface results in the most accurate power prediction.
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Arturo Soriano, Luis, Wen Yu, and Jose de Jesus Rubio. "Modeling and Control of Wind Turbine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/982597.
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In recent years, the energy production by wind turbines has been increasing, because its production is environmentally friendly; therefore, the technology developed for the production of energy through wind turbines brings great challenges in the investigation. This paper studies the characteristics of the wind turbine in the market and lab; it is focused on the recent advances of the wind turbine modeling with the aerodynamic power and the wind turbine control with the nonlinear, fuzzy, and predictive techniques.
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Trương, Việt Anh, Quang Minh Huỳnh, and Hoài Thương Võ. "Design of a MPPT controller for permanent magnet synchronous generator driven wind turbine." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 2, no. 4 (March 24, 2020): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v2i4.440.
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Wind and other renewable energies are more and more developed all over the world, especially in countries with high wind potential such as Vietnam, to replace fossil energy, which would be exhausted in the near future. One important characteristic of wind turbines is that at each different wind speed, there exists a working point, represented by the rotation speed and the mechanical power at the crankshaft of the wind turbine, at which the maximum mechanical power is obtained, called maximum power point (MPP). Therefore, when the wind speed changes, this working point must be changed to be able to extract the maximum power from the wind to improve the total efficiency of the wind turbine system. This, in a wind energy conversion system (WECS), is assigned to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. In this paper, a MPPT controller is proposed, based on an improved Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, for wind turbines using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), to maximize energy without measuring the wind speed and power characteristics of the wind turbine. An experimental model is also designed and tested in laboratory conditions, in which two coefficients K1 and K2 are used in turn when the working point is far or close to the maximum power point. The experimental results show that the proposed MPPT controller allows the extraction of maximum power from wind turbines under variable wind speed without determining the wind speed and characteristics of the wind turbine system.
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Astolfi, Davide. "A Study of the Impact of Pitch Misalignment on Wind Turbine Performance." Machines 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7010008.
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Pitch angle control is the most common means of adjusting the torque of wind turbines. The verification of its correct function and the optimization of its control are therefore very important for improving the efficiency of wind kinetic energy conversion. On these grounds, this work is devoted to studying the impact of pitch misalignment on wind turbine power production. A test case wind farm sited onshore, featuring five multi-megawatt wind turbines, was studied. On one wind turbine on the farm, a maximum pitch imbalance between the blades of 4.5 ° was detected; therefore, there was an intervention for recalibration. Operational data were available for assessing production improvement after the intervention. Due to the non-stationary conditions to which wind turbines are subjected, this is generally a non-trivial problem. In this work, a general method was formulated for studying this kind of problem: it is based on the study, before and after the upgrade, of the residuals between the measured power output and a reliable model of the power output itself. A careful formulation of the model is therefore crucial: in this work, an automatic feature selection algorithm based on stepwise multivariate regression was adopted, and it allows identification of the most meaningful input variables for a multivariate linear model whose target is the power of the wind turbine whose pitch has been recalibrated. This method can be useful, in general, for the study of wind turbine power upgrades, which have been recently spreading in the wind energy industry, and for the monitoring of wind turbine performances. For the test case of interest, the power of the recalibrated wind turbine is modeled as a linear function of the active and reactive power of the nearby wind turbines, and it is estimated that, after the intervention, the pitch recalibration provided a 5.5% improvement in the power production below rated power. Wind turbine practitioners, in general, should pay considerable attention to the pitch imbalance, because it increases loads and affects the residue lifetime; in particular, the results of this study indicate that severe pitch misalignment can heavily impact power production.
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Stanley, Andrew P. J., and Andrew Ning. "Coupled wind turbine design and layout optimization with nonhomogeneous wind turbines." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-99-2019.
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Abstract. In this study, wind farms were optimized to show the benefit of coupling complete turbine design and layout optimization as well as including two different turbine designs in a fixed 1-to-1 ratio in a single wind farm. For our purposes, the variables in each turbine optimization include hub height, rotor diameter, rated power, tower diameter, tower shell thickness, and implicit blade chord-and-twist distributions. A 32-turbine wind farm and a 60-turbine wind farm were both considered, as well as a variety of turbine spacings and wind shear exponents. Structural constraints as well as turbine costs were considered in the optimization. Results indicate that coupled turbine design and layout optimization is superior to sequentially optimizing turbine design, then turbine layout. Coupled optimization results in an additional 2 %–5 % reduction in the cost of energy compared to optimizing sequentially for wind farms with turbine spacings of 8.5–11 rotor diameters. Smaller wind farms benefit even more from coupled optimization. Furthermore, wind farms with closely spaced wind turbines can greatly benefit from nonuniform turbine design throughout the farm. Some of these wind farms with heterogeneous turbine design have an additional 10 % cost-of-energy reduction compared to wind farms with identical turbines throughout the farm.
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Pratama, Randy Yonanda, and Muldi Yuhendri. "Monitoring Turbin Angin Menggunakan Smartphone Android." JTEV (Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Vokasional) 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtev.v6i2.108517.
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Wind turbines function as producers of mechanical power to drive generators in wind power plants. One factor that needs to be considered in the operation of wind turbines is the maximum capacity of the generator. Wind turbines must operate below the generator rating so as not to cause damage to the generator. Therefore, the operation of the wind turbine needs to be monitored and controlled to keep it operating within the generator rating limits. In this paper a horizontal axis wind turbine monitoring sistem is proposed using an Android smartphone. Wind turbine monitoring includes wind speed and turbine rotation speed parameters. This parameter data is obtained from sensors that are processed with Arduino Mega 2560. Data from Arduino is sent via the Bluetooth HC-04 module to be displayed on an Android smartphone. The experimental results show that the proposed wind turbine monitoring system has worked well. This can be seen from the wind speed and turbine rotation data that is displayed on android is exactly the same as the data on the measuring instrument
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Rocha, J. E., and W. D. C. Sanchez. "The Energy Processing by Power Electronics and its Impact on Power Quality." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 1, no. 3 (November 3, 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.1.3.99-105.
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This paper discusses the electrical architectures adopted in wind turbines and its impact on the harmonic flux at the connected electric network. The integration of wind electric generators with the power grid needs energy processing by power electronics. It shows that different types of wind turbine generator systems use different types of electronic converters. This work provides a discussion on harmonic distortion taking place on the generator side, as well as in the power grid side. Keywords: grid connection, harmonic distortion, power electronics and converters, wind energy conversion systems, wind power, wind technology, wind turbines
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Ditkovich, Y., and A. Kuperman. "Comparison of Three Methods for Wind Turbine Capacity Factor Estimation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/805238.
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Three approaches to calculating capacity factor of fixed speed wind turbines are reviewed and compared using a case study. The first “quasiexact” approach utilizes discrete wind raw data (in the histogram form) and manufacturer-provided turbine power curve (also in discrete form) to numerically calculate the capacity factor. On the other hand, the second “analytic” approach employs a continuous probability distribution function, fitted to the wind data as well as continuous turbine power curve, resulting from double polynomial fitting of manufacturer-provided power curve data. The latter approach, while being an approximation, can be solved analytically thus providing a valuable insight into aspects, affecting the capacity factor. Moreover, several other merits of wind turbine performance may be derived based on the analytical approach. The third “approximate” approach, valid in case of Rayleigh winds only, employs a nonlinear approximation of the capacity factor versus average wind speed curve, only requiring rated power and rotor diameter of the turbine. It is shown that the results obtained by employing the three approaches are very close, enforcing the validity of the analytically derived approximations, which may be used for wind turbine performance evaluation.
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Macháček, Michael, Stanislav Pospíšil, and Hrvoje Kozmar. "Scaling of wind turbine aerodynamics: wind tunnel experiments." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300053.
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A small-scale wind turbine model was designed and manufactured to study its aerodynamic thrust force and the harvested flow energy. To provide a good understanding of the aerodynamics of the small-scale wind turbine at the low Reynolds number, the performance of three different types of blade airfoils was studied. The main motivation for the design of a new miniature wind turbine model was to achieve realistic values of the thrust force and the power coefficient on the model scale. A new blade profile with a thickness of 10% was designed and employed to reach the high tip-speed ratio, which is characteristic of contemporary wind turbines.
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Sutrisno, Sigit Iswahyudi, and Setyawan Wibowo. "Dimensional Analysis of Power Prediction of a Real-Scale Wind Turbine Based on Wind-Tunnel Torque Measurement of Small-Scaled Models." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092374.
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A preliminary study of a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) design is carried out using a wind tunnel to obtain its aerodynamic characteristics. Utilization of data from the study to develop large-scale wind turbines requires further study. This paper aims to discuss the use of wind turbine data obtained the wind-tunnel measurements to estimate the characteristics of wind turbines that have field size. One should measure the torque of two small-scale turbines inside the wind tunnel. The first small-scale turbine has a radius of 0.14 m, and the radius of the second small turbine is 0.19 m. Torque measurement results from both turbines were analyzed using the Buckingham π theorem to obtain a correlation between torsion and diameter variations. The obtained correlation equation was used to estimate the field measurement of turbine power with a radius of 1.2 m. The resulting correlation equation can be applied to approximate the energy generated by the turbine using the size of the field well in the operating area and the tip-speed ratio (λ) of the turbine design.
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Galinos, Christos, Jonas Kazda, Wai Hou Lio, and Gregor Giebel. "T2FL: An Efficient Model for Wind Turbine Fatigue Damage Prediction for the Two-Turbine Case." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061306.
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Wind farm load assessment is typically conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or aeroelastic simulations, which need a lot of computer power. A number of applications, for example wind farm layout optimisation, turbine lifetime estimation and wind farm control, requires a simplified but sufficiently detailed model for computing the turbine fatigue load. In addition, the effect of turbine curtailment is particularly important in the calculation of the turbine loads. Therefore, this paper develops a fast and computationally efficient method for wind turbine load assessment in a wind farm, including the wake effects. In particular, the turbine fatigue loads are computed using a surrogate model that is based on the turbine operating condition, for example, power set-point and turbine location, and the ambient wind inflow information. The Turbine to Farm Loads (T2FL) surrogate model is constructed based on a set of high fidelity aeroelastic simulations, including the Dynamic Wake Meandering model and an artificial neural network that uses the Bayesian Regularisation (BR) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithms. An ensemble model is used that outperforms model predictions of the BR and LM algorithms independently. Furthermore, a case study of a two turbine wind farm is demonstrated, where the turbine power set-point and fatigue loads can be optimised based on the proposed surrogate model. The results show that the downstream turbine producing more power than the upstream turbine is favourable for minimising the load. In addition, simulation results further demonstrate that the accumulated fatigue damage of turbines can be effectively distributed amongst the turbines in a wind farm using the power curtailment and the proposed surrogate model.
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Leung, D. Y. C., Y. Deng, and M. K. H. Leung. "Parametric study of a fan-bladed micro-wind turbine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 225, no. 8 (September 21, 2011): 1120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650911413974.
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The present paper investigates the performance of a special micro-wind turbine designed to capture wind energy in rural as well as urban environments. Different from traditional kilo- to megawatt size wind turbines which can be connected directly to the grid, the micro-wind turbine system is flexible in size and linked with small generators that generate electric power at the site of installation for easy applications. The main advantage of this micro-wind turbine, apart from its low cost, is that it can be propelled by a wind speed as low as 2 m/s. To extract more wind energy, several such micro-wind turbines can be connected together by their external gears into an array to increase their swept areas and hence power. In the study, the performance of a single micro-wind turbine was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated through physical experiments. The experimental results on angular velocity and power developed showed a good agreement with those predicted by the CFD simulation. The validated computer model was then used for a parametric study of the wind turbine with varying blade subtend angles and number of blades, both of which affect the torque acting on the wind turbine and the power performance. The design of the wind turbine blade was optimized through the CFD simulation. This paper considers mainly the aerodynamic performance of a single turbine and issues relating to its practical deployment are not dealt with.
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Lan, Zhi Chao, Lin Tao Hu, Yin Xue, and De Liang Zen. "The Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbines and the Design of Pitch Control System." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2323.
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An increasing number of large wind turbines with a variable-speed variable pitch control mechanism are developed to improve the response speed of wind turbines and get maximum active power .Designing a reasonable pitch control system requires both a good control scheme and a more accurate wind turbine model. Base on the analysis of wind turbines’ principle, a local linearization model of wind turbine is built by using linearization method of small deviation in this paper. The model’s inputs are the data of wind speed and pitch angle, and the output is the active power. The accuracy of the model is verified by studying the active power output of wind turbine under different circumstances in which the pitch angle changes with a constant wind speed and the wind speed changes with a constant pitch angle. At the same time, this paper provides pitch control program based on internal model control after analyzing the disadvantages of PID pitch controller. When the wind speed is beyond the rating, the active power can be limited reasonably around the power rating of wind turbines by adjusting the pitch angle.
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Foti, Daniel, Xiaolei Yang, Lian Shen, and Fotis Sotiropoulos. "Effect of wind turbine nacelle on turbine wake dynamics in large wind farms." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 869 (April 18, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.206.
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Wake meandering, a phenomenon of large-scale lateral oscillation of the wake, has significant effects on the velocity deficit and turbulence intensities in wind turbine wakes. Previous studies of a single turbine (Kang et al., J. Fluid. Mech., vol. 774, 2014, pp. 374–403; Foti et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1 (4), 2016, 044407) have shown that the turbine nacelle induces large-scale coherent structures in the near field that can have a significant effect on wake meandering. However, whether nacelle-induced coherent structures at the turbine scale impact the emergent turbine wake dynamics at the wind farm scale is still an open question of both fundamental and practical significance. We take on this question by carrying out large-eddy simulation of atmospheric turbulent flow over the Horns Rev wind farm using actuator surface parameterisations of the turbines without and with the turbine nacelle taken into account. While the computed mean turbine power output and the mean velocity field away from the nacelle wake are similar for both cases, considerable differences are found in the turbine power fluctuations and turbulence intensities. Furthermore, wake meandering amplitude and area defined by wake meanders, which indicates the turbine wake unsteadiness, are larger for the simulations with the turbine nacelle. The wake influenced area computed from the velocity deficit profiles, which describes the spanwise extent of the turbine wakes, and the spanwise growth rate, on the other hand, are smaller for some rows in the simulation with the nacelle model. Our work shows that incorporating the nacelle model in wind farm scale simulations is critical for accurate predictions of quantities that affect the wind farm levelised cost of energy, such as the dynamics of wake meandering and the dynamic loads on downwind turbines.
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Rancourt, D., L. Fréchette, C. Landry, and D. N. Mavris. "Design Space Exploration of Centimeter-Scale Wind Turbines using a Physics-Modified Optimization Formulation." Journal of Mechanics 30, no. 5 (May 22, 2014): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2014.23.
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AbstractThis paper explores the design space of centimeter-scale micro wind turbines to power wireless sensors through an experimentally validated modeling and simulation environment. A stochastic optimizer is used to obtain a functional relationship between the minimum wind velocity required to find a feasible design and multiple constraints relevant to turbine designers, such as the maximum turbine radius, electrical power required, minimum voltage required and available generators. This relationship is created from an optimization formulation that uses knowledge from the underlying physics and previous optimizations. It is shown that the design space of micro wind turbines is significantly different than large wind turbines due to the low Reynolds number regime. Also, a strong coupling exists between the choice of generator and optimal wind turbine geometry to minimize the wind required to meet the requirements. Smaller generators are more appropriate for micro wind turbines only if a constraint is applied on the maximum radius of the turbine and if no minimum voltage is required for a fixed power output.
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Wang, Fei, and Shijie Sun. "Low cost of sustainable work and maintenance for offshore wind power speed-increasing device." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802016.
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For the problem of wind turbine outage caused by the failure of wind power transmission devices, we proposed an offshore wind power transmission device with low sustainable operation and low maintenance cost. Through the combination of gearbox A and B, the power transmission of the offshore wind turbine is uninterrupted, and the continuous operation of grid-connected power generation enhances the economic benefits of offshore wind turbines. The maritime maintenance man-hours is reduced by moving the speed increase gearbox A from the offshore wind turbine site to the land for maintenance inspection, and the maintenance cost is significantly reduced.
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Das, Swagata, Neeraj Karnik, and Surya Santoso. "Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (October 23, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/890582.
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Tower shadow and wind shear contribute to periodic fluctuations in electrical power output of a wind turbine generator. The frequency of the periodic fluctuations is times the blade rotational frequency , where is the number of blades. For three-bladed wind turbines, this inherent characteristic is known as the effect. In a weak-power system, it results in voltage fluctuation or flicker at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine to the grid. The phenomenon is important to model so as to evaluate the flicker magnitude at the design level. Hence, the paper aims to develop a detailed time-domain upwind fixed speed wind turbine model which includes the turbine's aerodynamic, mechanical, electrical, as well as tower shadow and wind shear components. The model allows users to input factors such as terrain, tower height, and tower diameter to calculate the oscillations. The model can be expanded to suit studies involving variable speed wind turbines. Six case studies demonstrate how the model can be used for studying wind turbine interconnection and voltage flicker analysis. Results indicate that the model performs as expected.
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Akhmatov, Vladislav. "Mechanical Excitation of Electricity-Producing Wind Turbines at Grid Faults." Wind Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952403322665244.
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A model of electricity-producing wind turbines, focusing on a detailed representation of the mechanical construction by a simplified aeroelastic code, is implemented in the simulation tool PSS/E. The model is used to investigate the mechanical excitation of the grid-connected wind turbines due to grid faults. The power grid models, of arbitrary complexity, allow an accurate response of the wind turbine generators to the grid fault. This simulates an accurate voltage profile and, hence, the electric torque affecting the mechanical construction through the shaft system. The turbine construction will be excited by the grid fault with torsional oscillations and vibrations in the shaft system. These mechanical responses are compared with the respective oscillations and vibrations occurring in the wind turbine at a safety-stop. The analysis is important because the capacities and physical size of new wind turbines are increasing significantly, so the interaction between the wind turbine mechanical construction and the power grid will affect power stability.
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Dini Oktavitasari, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, and Syamsul Hadi. "Experimental Investigation on The Wake Effect of Crossflow Wind Turbines." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 85, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.85.2.4450.
Full textAbstract:
An optimal design of an aligned configuration using a vertical axis wind turbine especially a crossflow wind turbine to increase rate and power production is one of the problems in wind energy. In the present work, an experimental investigation is presented to evaluate the impact of the wake effect on the dynamic performance of an aligned configuration and compared characteristics of the crossflow wind turbine for 12 x 12 number of blades. In arrays, the spacing parameters of the crossflow wind turbines were conducted with three different spacings (1D; 2D; and 3D) where a crossflow wind turbine was operating downstream of a co-rotating pair. The crossflow wind turbines arranged in inline configurations. Experiments were carried out in a closed-circuit WT-30 aerodynamic laboratory wind tunnel in a ratio velocity of 7.51 m/s. Measurement data of each wind turbines were reported in terms of dimensionless power coefficient (CP) and torque coefficients (CT) for dynamic performance analysis. The experimental results were aligned configuration spacing and the number of blades affects enhancement aerodynamic performance of the downstream crossflow wind turbines. The best performance turbine spacings in aligned configurations are 3D. Wind flow has a distance to be streamlined.