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Journal articles on the topic 'Wind turbine, geographic information system, multi-criteria analysis, analytic hierarchy process'
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Przewoźniak, Magdalena, Artur Wyrwa, Janusz Zyśk, Maciej Raczyński, and Marcin Pluta. "Conducting a Geographical Information System-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis to Assess the Potential and Location for Offshore Wind Farms in Poland." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020283.
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Offshore wind energy is becoming an increasingly important element in the decarbonisation of energy systems. This study aims to estimate the technical potential for offshore wind energy in the Polish exclusive economic zone (EZZ) of the Baltic Sea. Such estimates are necessary to plan the expansion of energy infrastructure. This paper proposes a multi-criteria analysis for the estimation of offshore wind potential and site selection using QGIS software (QGIS Desktop 3.28.6). The criteria include wind velocity, water depth, distance from nature conservation areas, distance from submarine cables and gas pipelines, distance from shipping routes, distance from fishing areas, distance from shipwrecks, and distance from the coastline. The best sites are identified through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the total suitable marine area of 16,218.67 square kilometres can be divided into three parts, in which the highly suitable area for offshore wind farms accounts for 17.55%, the moderately suitable area accounts for 48.56%, and the marginally suitable area accounts for 10.26%. Two different wind turbine placement configurations are being considered, in which wind turbines with a nominal capacity of 15 MW are laid out: 2.5 km and 2 km apart from each other. The corresponding overall electrical capacities only in highly suitable areas equal ca. 9 GW and 15 GW, respectively. If this area is extended to also include the moderately suitable parts, these values increase to ca. 31 GW and 50 GW. The results indicate that the technical potential of offshore wind in the Polish EEZ is significant and should be taken into account when designing the future electricity generation mix.
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Zalhaf, Amr S., Bahaa Elboshy, Kotb M. Kotb, et al. "A High-Resolution Wind Farms Suitability Mapping Using GIS and Fuzzy AHP Approach: A National-Level Case Study in Sudan." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010358.
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Wind energy is one of the most attractive sustainable energy resources since it has low operation, maintenance, and production costs and a relatively low impact on the environment. Identifying the optimal sites for installing wind power plants (WPPs) is considered an important challenge of wind energy development which requires careful and combined analyses of numerous criteria. This study introduces a high-resolution wind farms suitability mapping based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches considering technical, environmental, social, and spatial aspects, representing eight different criteria. First, a multi-criteria decision-making analysis based on the FAHP method is employed to assign appropriate weights for the addressed criteria with respect to their relative importance. Since the traditional AHP method, which was found employed in the majority of the relative case-studies, is not efficient in dealing with uncertainty when experts use a basic scale (0 to 1) for their assessments, the FAHP provides more flexible scales through the utilized fuzzy membership functions and the natural linguistic variables. Consequently, this helps to facilitate the assessments made by experts and increases the precision of the obtained results (weights). Next, the high-resolution GIS is used to carry out a spatial analysis and integrate various factors/criteria throughout the proposed index to produce the final suitability map and identify the unsuitable areas. The presented study emphasizes investigating the lightning strike flash rate due to its significant influences on the wind turbine’s safety and operation, yet this crucial factor has been seldomly investigated in previous studies. The obtained findings revealed that the wind speed, the land slope, and the elevation had the highest weighted criteria with 33.1%, 24.8%, and 12.2%, respectively. Besides, the final-developed suitability map revealed that 23.22% and 8.31% of the Sudanese territory are of high and very high suitability, respectively, for wind farms installation which are considered sufficient to cover the electricity needs. The difficulty of acquiring real data and resources for the addressed location was the main challenge of the presented work. The work outlook addresses the suitability mapping of hybrid photovoltaic-wind turbine energy systems, which will require addressing new and significant criteria in the applied methodology.
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Erkurtulmus, Selahattin Alp, and Emre Pesman. "GIS-based floating offshore wind turbine installation site selection using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in northeast Aegean Sea." Brodogradnja 75, no. 2 (2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod75204.
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The ever-increasing consumption of electrical energy due to increasing requirements arising in parallel with the developing technology forces manufactures and users to seek new and environmentally compatible energy resources. Due to it endless energy potential and continuity, wind energy, which has been used by humanity for various purposes for centuries, continues its journey, which started with windmills that transform one form of mechanical energy into another, with offshore wind energy turbines. In this study, installation site selection, which is the first step for floating offshore wind turbine installation, is carried out. First, a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) is applied to obtain the weights of criteria. Transformed alternatives and criteria in a fuzzy decision matrix through triangular fuzzy numbers are used to obtain a database via a Geographic Information System (GIS). Finally, the installation site and study area are determined. This area is located in the Northeast Aegean Sea, between Çanakkale and Gökçeada, 12 km to the northeast of Gökçeada, and 12 square kilometers. The minimum distance of the area to ship routes is 3000 m, and its minimum distance to fault lines is 2000 m. The average sea depth is 110 m, and the average wind speed is 9.26 m/s (18 knots). With this potential, enough energy can be generated for settlements on Gökçeada and the coastlines.
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Unel, Fatma Bunyan, Lutfiye Kusak, and Murat Yakar. "GeoValueIndex map of public property assets generating via Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System for Mass Appraisal." Aestimum 82 (December 8, 2023): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/aestim-14110.
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The aim of this study is to develop a value-based GeoValueIndex with AHP weights and GIS for the criteria of the Mersin University (MEU) Çiftlikköy Campus real properties, and it is referred to as the “GeoValueIndex” in this study. GeoValueIndex is a symbolic value that combines geographic and non-geographic features of real properties. The data of the real properties on the campus were collected and arranged for mass appraisal. One of the Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodologies, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), was used to weight the criteria. GeoValueIndex was calculated by multiplying each parcel’s geographic and non-geographic data by their weights and adding them. GeoValueIndex Map is obtained by associating GeoValueIndex and parcel in GIS software. GeoValueIndex of real properties save time, effort, and cost in mass appraisal processes. There are many techniques for doing GeoValueIndex operations, and the ones presented in this study are only proposals.
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Yousefi, Hossein, Saheb Ghanbari Motlagh, and Mohammad Montazeri. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System for Wind Farm Site-Selection Using Geographic Information System (GIS): Case Study of Semnan Province, Iran." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137640.
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Selecting the best place for constructing a renewable power plant is a vital issue that can be considered a site-selection problem. Various factors are involved in selecting the best location for a renewable power plant. Therefore, it categorizes as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this study, the site selection of a wind power plant is investigated in a central province of Iran, Semnan. The main criteria for classifying various parts of the province were selected and pairwise compared using experts’ opinions in this field. Furthermore, multiple restrictions were applied according to local and constitutional rules and regulations. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to weigh the criteria, and according to obtained weights, wind speed, and slope were the essential criteria. Moreover, a geographic information system (GIS) is used to apply the weighted criteria and restrictions. The province’s area is classified into nine classes according to the results. Based on the restrictions, 36.2% of the total area was unsuitable, mainly located in the north part of the province. Furthermore, 2.68% (2618 km2) and 4.98% (4857 km2) of the total area are the ninth and eightieth classes, respectively, which are the best locations for constructing a wind farm. The results show that, although the wind speed and slope are the most essential criteria, the distance from power facilities and communication routes has an extreme impact on the initial costs and final results. The results of this study are reliable and can help to develop the wind farm industry in the central part of Iran.
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Elmahmoudi, F., O. E. K. Abra, A. Raihani, O. Serrar, and L. Bahatti. "Elaboration of a Wind Energy Potential Map in Morocco using GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 4 (2020): 6068–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4016252.
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The construction of a wind power generation center starts by the selection of a suitable wind farm location. The selection includes six factors, namely wind speed, slope, land use, distance from the power lines, distance from the roads, and distance from populated areas which have been integrated into QGIS by weights calculated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. As a result of this study, the areas having very high wind potentiality have been identified and a best wind farm location map has been prepared. The map, using the overlay function in GIS, exhibits the most and least suitable areas for the location of wind farms in Morocco. The approach could help identify suitable wind farm locations in other areas using their geographic information.
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Tahri, Meryem, Mohamed Maanan, Mehdi Maanan, Hassan Bouksim, and Mustapha Hakdaoui. "Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process multi-criteria and automatic computation to analyse coastal vulnerability." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 3 (2017): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317695158.
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This paper presents an integrated method to assess the vulnerability of coastal risks by applying the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and spatial analysis techniques with a geographic information system (GIS). The coast of Mohammedia, located in Morocco, was chosen as the study site to implement and validate the proposed framework by applying a GIS-FAHP-based methodology. Coastal risk vulnerability mapping reflects multi-parametric causative factors such as sea level rise, significan twave height, tidal range, shoreline evolution, elevation, geomorphology and distance to an urban area. The results show that the coastline of Mohammedia is characterised by low, moderate and high levels of vulnerability to coastal risk. The high vulnerability areas are situated in the east at Monica and Sablettes beaches. This technical approach helps decision-makers to find optimal strategies and to minimise coastal risks. In comparison with other assessment methods, this approach involves rapid data processing and provides an improved means of sustainable and multi-objective coastal management.
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P. S. Rane and N. N. Firake. "Multi-Criteria Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis for Plantation in Mula River Basin, Rahuri Region by using Remote Sensing & GIS Technology." Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology 49, no. 01 (2024): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.56228/jart.2024.49107.
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The point of this study was primarily focused on the identification of the suitable land for agriculture crop in the Mula River Basin Rahuri Region which is mostly covered by vegetation cover. Analytic hierarchy process with a combination of Geographic information system (GIS) is utilized for the evaluation in which three distinct parameters were chosen. The Analytic hierarchy process with integration of GIS was established very useful for the identification of the suitable site for agriculture. At the end of the evaluation, it was computed that 136.4 km2 (27%) of the study area is highly suitable, 285.5 km2 (64%) is moderately suitable and 47.2 km2 (9%) of the study area is not suitable for agriculture. However, the problems of the low production caused by geomorphological characteristics, such as very high elevation, a high degree of slope, the presence of bare rocks, and low availability of the irrigation system. All these threats resulted in a very less amount of land in the study area being identified highly suitable for agricultural production.
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Tarife, Rovick, Yosuke Nakanishi, Yicheng Zhou, Noel Estoperez, and Anacita Tahud. "Integrated GIS and Fuzzy-AHP Framework for Suitability Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: A Case in Southern Philippines." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032372.
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This study proposes an integrated framework for assessing the suitability of renewable energy systems, including wind, solar, hydro and hybrid wind–solar and hydro–solar, in the southern Philippines. The framework employs a combination of the Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to evaluate various socio-environmental and techno-economic factors. Several suitability indices were developed and used in the analysis. The criteria used in the analysis are based on a comprehensive literature review and input from experts in renewable energy and micro-grid technology. The results indicate that energy production is the most important factor and the total suitable areas for hybrid wind–solar and hybrid hydro–solar systems are 126.60 and 629.02 square kilometers, respectively. This research provides valuable insights for decision-makers and potential investors in the renewable energy sector in the study area.
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Castro, Adalberto Ospino, Carlos Robles-Algarín, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Yecid Muñoz Maldonado, and Amanda Mangones Cordero. "Feasibility Analysis of Offshore Wind Power Projects in the Caribbean Region of Colombia: A Case Study Using FAHP–GIS." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (2023): 16620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416620.
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Planning for offshore wind energy projects is intricate due to the consideration of multiple variables in identifying optimal project areas. The primary challenge lies in locating suitable sites, a process that often necessitates extensive feasibility studies spanning several years. The primary goal of this study is to apply the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to prioritize criteria and sub-criteria, facilitating decision-making in choosing appropriate locations for offshore wind projects in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. The weights derived from FAHP were utilized in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze the physical characteristics of the Caribbean Sea’s surface. This tool plays a critical role in evaluating and selecting sites that fulfill established criteria, providing a database of indicators and map visualizations. Four criteria were defined: technical, environmental, social, and economic, along with fourteen sub-criteria, which were prioritized through FAHP based on expert judgment. The results revealed that the most relevant sub-criteria were protected areas and wind speed. Utilizing the ArcGIS Pro software, five zones meeting the predetermined criteria were identified, defining the most feasible areas for offshore wind farm installation, located in the departments of Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico and Bolívar. The GIS–FAHP methods proved to be useful for feasibility analysis.
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Babagana, Saleh Mustapha, and Agada Livinus Emeka. "WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN YOBE, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA: AN AIDED TECHNIQUE THROUGH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND REMOTE SENSING." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2022): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-1820.
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The role of wind energy and other renewable energy sources in combating climate change cannot be overemphasized. Many countries including Nigeria have so far implemented policy measures to promote renewable energy. Moreover, the most important step to be taken in order to effectively harness renewable energy is to estimate their potentials in terms of viability and sustainability. This study was focused on evaluate the wind energy potential zones in Yobe State, northeast Nigeria, using integrated multiple criteria decision-making analysis (MCDA), Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing (GIS-RS), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. Weibull distribution statistical method was applied to validate the GIS-RS based analysis. The study revealed a wind speed variation ranged from 1.48 to 7.15 m/s and an average annual wind power density of about 80 W/m2. About 90 % of study area has about 90 % wind power density of about 85 W/m2 and below while the remaining 10 % is covered by wind power density ranged between 85 and 616.89 W/m2. The results of the study showed that the area is viable for wind power generation and distribution. Furthermore, the wind energy resource will yield favorable economic gain for the study area. Thus the study concluded that Yobe is a suitable area for wind power generation both at medium scale generation, and standalone connection system.
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Li, Mengran, Ye Xu, Junhong Guo, Ye Li, and Wei Li. "Application of a GIS-Based Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Evaluation Approach for Wind Farm Site Selection in China." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102426.
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The development and utilization of wind energy has alleviated the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution; however, it caused many negative impacts due to suboptimal site selections. This study proposes an innovative method integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and fuzzy VIšekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) for site selection of wind farms in the Wafangdian region, China. The uncertainties caused by subjective judgments of the stakeholders were tackled by the FAHP method firstly, where weight values of six criteria were identified. Next, the fuzzy VIKOR method and GIS tool were used to generate the Qi value of each location for ranking their appropriate degrees for wind energy development. The results demonstrated that the middle and upper parts of the studied area are suitable for the exploitation of wind energy, while the central and eastern areas are unfavorable. The influences exerted by various weight combinations and climate change on a site suitability assessment were examined. The resulting comparison with existing wind farms reflected the practicability and reliability of the proposed method; the estimation of climate change impacts on site selection provided the suggestion and support of a long-term plan for wind power development, and even the energy structure adjustment scheme adapted to climate change.
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França, Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus, Danielle Piuzana Mucida, Reynaldo Campos Santana, Marcelino Santos de Morais, Lucas Rezende Gomide, and Carlos Valdir de Meneses Bateira. "AHP APPROACH APPLIED TO MULTI-CRITERIA DECISIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY MAPPING." FLORESTA 50, no. 3 (2020): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i3.65146.
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Geographic Information System tools, combined with mathematical methods for complex geospatial scientific investigations, are essential for environmental zoning. Among these tools, environmental fragility models evaluate criteria related to the physical attributes of the landscape to ensure multi-disciplinarity of the information plans used in a study. However, questions are raised on the priority allotted to each criterion or environmental factor within a multi-criteria analysis model. In this sense, the analytic hierarchy process is another mathematical model that is used in decision theory, which sorts criteria hierarchically. This study aims to use the AHP method as a tool to support multi-criteria decision making as applied to environmental fragility mapping, using the Jequitinhonha River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a case study. The application of the AHP method provided a hierarchy of five important environmental criteria for the environmental fragility mapping. The use of AHP allowed the modeling of empirical evaluations in mathematically consistent results, to provide better conciseness in geospatial processes. Therefore, it is an adequate method to minimize subjectivity in environmental and territorial planning. It can also help the management of priority zones for conservation, preservation, or ecological restoration.
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Stojkovic, Sanja, Snezana Djurdjic, and Goran Andjelkovic. "Application of multi-criteria analysis and GIS in ecotourism development (Case study: Serbian Danube region)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 1 (2015): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1501051s.
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Ecotourism can be defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and cultural heritage and improves the well-being of local people. Sustainable planning and management of ecotourism development are important and necessary for increasing positive and decreasing negative effects on the complex environment. This paper analyses the suitability of selected protected natural areas in the Serbian Danube region for the purposes of ecotourism development. The multi-criteria analysis includes several natural and socio-economic factors and criteria which influence ecotourism development. The integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) greatly facilitates the decision-making process in the ecotourism destination planning. A suitability map of the analysed protected natural areas for ecotourism development as one of the sustainable tourism types is highlighted as a result of this paper. Such analysis assists in the objective promotion of ecotourism destinations and thus contributes to the improvement of Serbian tourism development.
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Shafiee, Mahmood, Ashraf Labib, Jhareswar Maiti, and Andrew Starr. "Maintenance strategy selection for multi-component systems using a combined analytic network process and cost-risk criticality model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 2 (2019): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17712071.
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Selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy for multi-component systems is a very complex task due to diversity of components and their different failure modes, existence of various dependencies among components and a large number of competing criteria that need to be taken into consideration. This study presents a combined analytic network process and cost-risk criticality analysis model to select a cost-effective, low-risk maintenance strategy for different sets of components of a complex system. The proposed model consists of four maintenance alternatives (i.e. failure-based, time-based, risk-based and condition-based), among which the most appropriate strategy, on the basis of two criteria of maintenance implementation costs and failure criticality, is to be chosen. The former criterion includes the annual maintenance expenditure required for hardware, software and personnel training, while the latter criterion focuses on the capability of maintenance in reducing the failure vulnerability and enhancing the reliability and resilience. The possible dependencies among selection criteria as well as the failure interactions between components are taken into account to evaluate the maintenance alternatives. Finally, the model is applied to determine a suitable maintenance strategy for a new wind turbine configuration consisting of several mechanical, electrical and auxiliary components at the design stage. The results are compared with practices of maintenance over the first year of system operation as well as with the results obtained from an analytic hierarchy process model.
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Rekik, Sassi, Imed Khabbouchi, and Souheil El Alimi. "A Spatial Analysis for Optimal Wind Site Selection from a Sustainable Supply-Chain-Management Perspective." Sustainability 17, no. 4 (2025): 1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041571.
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Finding optimal locations for wind farms requires a delicate balance between maximizing energy generation potential and addressing the socio-economic implications for local communities, particularly in regions facing socio-economic challenges. While existing research often focuses on technical and economic aspects of wind farm siting, this study addresses a crucial research gap by integrating sustainable supply-chain-management principles into a comprehensive site-selection framework. We present a novel approach that combines Geographic-Information-System-based spatial analysis, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and multi-criteria decision-making techniques to identify and prioritize optimal wind farm locations in Tunisia. Our framework considers not only traditional factors, like wind speed, terrain slope, and road and grid infrastructure, but also crucial socio-economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, population density, skilled workforce availability, and land cost. Based on the spatial analysis, it was revealed that 33,138 km2 was appropriate for deploying large-scale wind systems, of which 6912 km2 (4.39% of the total available area) was categorized as “most suitable”. Considering the SSCM evaluation criteria, despite the minor variations, the ARAS, COPRAS, EDAS, MOORA, VIKOR, and WASPAS techniques showcased that Kasserine, Kebili, and Bizerte stood as ideal locations for hosting large-scale wind systems. These rankings were further validated by the Averaging, Borda, and Copeland methods. By incorporating this framework, the study identifies locations where wind energy development can be a catalyst for economic growth, social upliftment, and improved livelihoods. This holistic approach facilitates informed decision making for policymakers and investors, thus ensuring that wind energy projects contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future for all stakeholders.
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Günay, Elif Elçin, and Sena Dere. "Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill Site Selection for İstanbul, Türkiye using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods and GIS Data." Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2024): 446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1416814.
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The high toxicity of materials in disaster waste poses a significant risk to the environment, including the air, water, soil, and all living beings. One of the commonly used disposal methods for hazardous solid waste is landfilling. The selection of sites for hazardous solid waste disposal requires extreme care and attention to multiple factors from environmental, social, and economic points of view. Considering the anticipated earthquake in Istanbul and the city’s excessive population and urbanization, experts estimate that debris waste will be approximately 25 million tons. In this study, we propose a Geographic Information System (GIS) based fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach to select hazardous solid waste landfill (HSWL) locations within the scope of disaster waste management for Istanbul. First, the evaluation criteria were identified through a literature review and expert opinions. Next, criteria are prioritized using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Then, GIS data for the criteria are gathered from multiple resources and entered into ArcGIS 10.8 for spatial analysis. Last, the suitability map of Istanbul for the HSWL construction is built. Considering five candidates, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to select the most suitable locations for Asian and European sites in the city. Accordingly, Fevzipaşa/Silivri for the European side and Hasanlı/Şile for the Asian side were selected as the most suitable two options. Last, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of the highest weight criterion on the final solution.
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Li, Yan, Changzheng Wang, Feiyang Xue, Kunpeng Zhou, and Chong-Chen Wang. "Suitability Analysis of Water Cultural Heritage Structures in Beijing Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems." Buildings 13, no. 3 (2023): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030624.
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As significant physical carriers of hydraulic science and technology, water cultural heritage (WCH) structures might exert positive effects on the economy, society, and environment. However, it is challenging to develop a scientific conservation plan due to the lack of comprehensive cognition and value assessment criteria for the vast majority of WCH structures. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) were introduced to develop a multidimensional evaluation system for WCH in Beijing based on the suitability perspective. This approach proposes a strategy covering macro, meso, and micro levels based on three aspects: heritage value, spatial distribution, and environmental resistance. The findings indicated that there are significant differences in values among the nine heritage categories, and royal gardens and rivers were suggested for greater emphasis on protection. Besides, the distribution of WCH structures is clustered, which can be categorized into four distinct agglomerative zones. Most of the heritage sites are found on built-up land with low elevation and gentle slopes, resulting in high environmental suitability. Lastly, we proposed a framework for conservation with “one centre, two wings, one area, and a multi-node” to facilitate the development of effective policies by decision-makers.
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Francisco, Corrêia, and Feiden. "Classification of Areas Suitable for Fish Farming Using Geotechnology and Multi-Criteria Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (2019): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090394.
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This study proposed a method for identifying areas appropriate for fish farming in ground-excavated ponds using data obtained from public institutions. The method was applied to three cities located in the central-southern region of Paraná State, Brazil. In order to select appropriate areas, a geographic information system (GIS) was created using data from a digital elevation model (DEM), as well as data on soil occupation and type. A variable reclassification model (VRM) was created, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to establish weights for a multi-criteria assessment of the factors. Non-classifiable areas and areas with constraints were identified and removed from the analysis. The sites classified as highly suitable or suitable represented 33.270.79 ha (18.71% of the total area), while the restricted areas represented 54,427.91 ha (30.60% of the total area). This method may represent a useful tool for decision making in the context of regional planning and may be used in the establishment of public policy and in the allocation of resources for aquaculture development.
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Bimenyimana, Samuel, Chen Wang, Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota, et al. "Geospatial Analysis of Wind Energy Siting Suitability in the East African Community." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041514.
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Site investigation is essential for developing and constructing a dependable and effective wind engineering project. Also, the kinetic energy of moving air, used to drive a wind turbine, produces electricity. Having seen the shortage of previous studies on wind energy sites’ suitability across Africa and having read about the abundance of untapped wind energy resources in the East African region, this paper used Geographical Information System (GIS), multi-criteria, and Analytic Hierarchy techniques to provide a geospatial analysis of wind energy technology siting suitability in Eastern African Community Countries. Different data were acquired and processed from numerous open-access databases (Global Wind atlas, Regional Center for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD), African Geoportal, East African community website, and Energy data Info.org). The results reveal Kenya has large parts of its land areas highly appropriate for wind energy siting (15.26%) and 1.55% of its land classified as unsuitable for wind energy generation. The rates of suitability and unsuitability were respectively 26.57% and 4.87% for Burundi, 20.6% and 10.21% for Rwanda, 20.39% and 10.44% for Tanzania, and 4.65% and 27.15% for South Sudan. The findings also show that East Africa exhibits moderate levels of wind energy siting suitability, with an estimated average of around 37.27% of its land area moderately suitable for wind energy technology installation, covering thousands of square kilometers. The study is advantageous to academia and industry-related personnel engaged in renewable energy-related activities in other African countries with similar topographies.
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Ms.Sethuparvathy, S*1 Mr. Lenin Babu S2 &. Ms.Revathy S. J3. "INTEGRATED MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS AND GIS FOR SITE SELECTION OF A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 7 (2019): 96–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354316.
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The exponential rise in the urban population of the developing countries in the past few decades and the resulting accelerated urbanization phenomenon has brought to the fore the necessity to develop environmentally sustainable and efficient waste management systems. Landfills being the most sought out solution for municipal solid waste management, siting its location is an extremely complex task. Identification and selection of site for the same depends on many factors and strict regulations. In this study, an attempt was made to determine sites that are appropriate for landfill location by combining geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making methods (MCDM) – Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).The various factors considered includes depth of ground water table, proximity to surface water sources, soil type, slope, elevation, land use and distance to sensitive sites. Weights were assigned to each criterion depending upon their relative importance and finally a landfill site suitability map was prepared showing the suitable sites taking Thiruvananthapuram as the study area.
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Zabihi, Hasan, Mohsen Alizadeh, Philip Kibet Langat, et al. "GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041009.
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This study proposes a site location assessment model for citrus cropland using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and the combination of a set of factors for suitability mapping and delineating the suitable areas for citrus production in Ramsar, Iran. It defines an incorporated method for the suitability mapping of the most appropriate sites for citrus cultivars with an emphasis on the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process. The combination of geographic information system (GIS) and a modified version of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) technique is also emphasized. The OWA is based on two principles, namely: the weights of relative criterion significance and the order weights. Therefore, the participatory technique was employed to outline the set of standards and the important criterion. The results derived from the GIS–OWA technique indicate that the cultivation of citrus is feasible only in limited areas, which make up 6.7% of the total area near the Caspian Sea. This investigation has shown that the GIS–OWA model can be integrated into MCDA to select the optimal site for citrus production. The present research highlights how multi-criteria in GIS can play a considerable role in decision making for evaluating the suitability of selected sites for citrus production.
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V, Niyinyitoreye, F. R. Silungwe, and N. I. Kihupi. "Using Geographical Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Map Areas Associated with Reducing Dam Safety." Asian Journal of Geographical Research 8, no. 2 (2025): 62–80. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajgr/2025/v8i2263.
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This study presents an integrated approach combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess dam conditions through multi-criteria risk analysis. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing technologies have emerged as powerful tools in the evaluation and monitoring of dam conditions. Dam management and safety compliance are critical for safeguarding infrastructure and communities in disaster-prone regions. Key criteria including topography, land use, hydrology, climatic conditions, population density, and soil stability were weighted using AHP to reflect their relative impacts on dam safety. A weighted overlay analysis in ArcMap 10.7 classified risks into three zones: high, moderate, and low. The results revealed significant spatial disparities: high-risk zones (48.27 km², 33.64%) dominate the dam’s western flank due to extreme anthropogenic pressures from uncontrolled settlements and unsustainable farming, moderate-risk zones 31.40 km², 21.88%) cluster near bushland and Mindu Mountain, where environmental factors like slope instability pose intermediate threats, and low-risk zones (63.83 km², 44.48%) prevail on the eastern side along Uluguru Mountain, where stable terrain and minimal human activity enhance resilience. The analysis emphasizes human encroachment as the primary driver of dam vulnerability, particularly on the western side, necessitating urgent land-use regulations and soil conservation measures. Conversely, the eastern low-risk zone highlights the protective role of undisturbed ecosystems. Satellite-derived RS data enabled dynamic monitoring of environmental changes, while GIS-based predictive models identified future hazards, such as sedimentation and flooding. By translating complex spatial data into actionable insights, this framework empowers policymakers, engineers, and regulators to prioritize mitigation efforts, enforce zoning laws, and implement adaptive strategies. The study demonstrates the efficacy of GIS-RS-AHP integration in achieving cost-effective, proactive dam management, balancing ecological preservation with infrastructure safety amid evolving environmental and anthropogenic challenges.
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Mohd, Z. H., and U. Ujang. "INTEGRATING MULTIPLE CRITERIA EVALUATION AND GIS IN ECOTOURISM: A REVIEW." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (September 30, 2016): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-351-2016.
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The concept of 'Eco-tourism' is increasingly heard in recent decades. Ecotourism is one adventure that environmentally responsible intended to appreciate the nature experiences and cultures. Ecotourism should have low impact on environment and must contribute to the prosperity of local residents. This article reviews the use of Multiple Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in ecotourism. Multiple criteria evaluation mostly used to land suitability analysis or fulfill specific objectives based on various attributes that exist in the selected area. To support the process of environmental decision making, the application of GIS is used to display and analysis the data through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Integration between MCE and GIS tool is important to determine the relative weight for the criteria used objectively. With the MCE method, it can resolve the conflict between recreation and conservation which is to minimize the environmental and human impact. Most studies evidences that the GIS-based AHP as a multi criteria evaluation is a strong and effective in tourism planning which can aid in the development of ecotourism industry effectively.
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Nanje, Martin M., Ayub N. Gitau, and Duncan O. Mbuge. "Multi Criteria Approach to Determine the Suitability of Application of Motorcycle Drawn Potato Harvesters." Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences 13, no. 01 (2025): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.1301.18179.
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Agricultural mechanisation is vital because it raises labour efficiency and enhances farm production per worker. However, not all fields are suitable for mechanisation. This study sought to determine the viability of introducing potato harvesting equipment drawn by motorcycles in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Soil analysis was done on samples from different parts of the county to understand the properties of soils that affect agricultural tool interaction and to study the movement of the digging part of the machines in the soil. With the help of various physical and mechanical soil tests, this study spatially determined suitable areas for potato mechanisation using Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Geographic Information System analysis. The criteria used in this analysis were soil, climate, and topography. The criteria were selected based on information available about potato mechanisation. The data from the criteria was analysed in the Quantum Geographic Information System environment. A map was generated in which the area was classified into four suitability levels for the operation of a potato harvester: Highly Suitable (S1), Moderately Suitable (S2), Marginally Suitable (S3), and Not Suitable (N) based on Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines. The Analytic Hierarchy Process decision-making tool was used to determine each criterion's deduced weights and associated influence. The weights were used as inputs in the weighted overlay analysis and final maps generated. This research aids in informed decision-making for agricultural mechanization in Nyandarua County, helping farmers and policymakers identify the most suitable regions for adopting this technology. By enhancing labour efficiency and farm productivity, the findings contribute to the overall improvement of the agricultural sector in the region, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple criteria when assessing the feasibility of introducing new farming equipment.
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Ocniza, Dony, and Udisubakti Ciptomulyono. "Decision Making of Diesel Power Plant Hybridization Method of Selat Nasik Diesel Power Plant in Belitung Island Using AHP-VIKOR." Jurnal Teknobisnis 9, no. 1 (2024): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24609463.v9i1.955.
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The selection of best hybridization methods scenario of Diesel Power Plant or HRES (Hybridization Renewable Energy System) requires not only a good analysis of techno-economic criteria but also many other criteria such as land availability, energy sources availability, and so on. Considering the complexity of criteria involved in the selection of hybridization methods, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is commonly used to evaluate problems with multiple criteria that often have conflicting interests. The HOMER software was used as the basis for conducting techno-economic analysis of various hybridization scenarios that would be applied to the Selat Nasik Diesel Power Plant. Then, an FGD expert was conducted to validate and determine the important criteria for selecting hybridization method scenarios. A pairwise questionnaire were filled out by 5 (five) experts, and then the criteria were weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The obtained criteria weights then used by experts to assess several hybridization scenario options, and their rankings were determined using VIKOR. In this research, 17 sub-criteria were identified and categorized into 3 criteria: Technical and Design-Oriented Criteria (Lifespan of HRES, Energy Resources Sustainability, and Potential Power Generation), Financial-Oriented Criteria (CAPEX, O&M Cost, NPV, LCOE, and Diesel Fuel Consumption), and Socio-economic and Environment- Oriented Criteria (GHG Emission, Land Acquisition, Effect on Ecosystem (Animal and Nature Protection), Force Majeure, Noise Pollution, Prospective Jobs and Economic Growth, Political and Regulatory Aspect, Public Awareness Level, and Tradition and Cultural Heritage). Top three sub- criteria with the highest weights were selected: Energy Resources Sustainability (weight 0.408), LCOE (weight 0.096), and CAPEX (weight 0.087). Scenario 1 (S1 (Diesel, PV, Battery)) was chosen as the first-rank scenario (the best scenario) followed by S2 (PV, Battery), S3 (Wind Turbine, PV, Battery), and S4 (Diesel, Wind Turbine, Battery).
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Sk, Md Mainul, Sk Ajim Ali, and Ateeque Ahmad. "Optimal Sanitary Landfill Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal in Durgapur City Using Geographic Information System and Multi-criteria Evaluation Technique." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 70, no. 4 (2020): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42489-020-00052-1.
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AbstractThe government authorities in developing countries are awfully concerned with coping out the problems of the rising issues related to the disposal of solid wastes. Most of the Indian cities still dispose of solid waste unscientifically causing to severe environmental as well as public health problems. Geographic information systems (GIS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have emerged as efficient tools for multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in effective solutions of solid waste management. The present study focuses on the integration of GIS and AHP in identifying potential sanitary landfill areas for solid waste disposal in Durgapur city, West Bengal, India. Eleven criteria were selected viz. land elevation, slope, soil, geology, land use land cover, distance to surface water, distance to tube wells, distance to roads, distance to industrial belts, distance to sensitive places, and land cost. All the criteria were aggregated using weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment. The study identified three potential landfill areas for MSW disposal covering the areas of 13.83854, 33.80678, and 27.20085 ha, respectively, in Durgapur city. The result found that land cost value was the most significant criterion in the model with a weight of 0.25258. Followed by land cost value, sensitive places and roads were the second and third most important criteria with a weight value of 0.1409 and 0.1233, respectively.
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Yılmaz, A. "Astronomical observatory site selection using fuzzy AHP and BWM methods." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 00 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj230530001y.
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Establishing an observatory often involves complex decisions, such as choosing a site based on multiple conicting criteria. In this study, we develop a multi-criteria decision analysis process by combining Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis with the (MCDA) Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and use this process to determine the most suitable sites for the construction of an observatory in the Malatya urban area. GIS was used to calculate, classify, and analyze criteria, while FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes, Buckley's method) and BWM(MCDA type Best-Worst Method) methods were used to weight the decision criteria and determine their effects on alternative sites. While the Cloud Cover criterion in the BWM method was the most important criterion with 28%, the most important criterion for the FAHP method had a comparable value of 27.8%. Meteorological criteria were the most important criteria group with values of 50.4% according to the FAHP method and 44.6% according to the BWM method. The study is based on meteorological, geographic, and anthropogenic datasets, suggesting the most appropriate sites for the astronomical observatory within the boundaries of the study area. The proposed sites are the result of site selection, which is the first phase of site selection for astronomical observatories. This site selection is important to limit the number of field alternatives. It is necessary to conduct field tests among the proposed areas and select the final site according to the results. The successful use of GIS and more than one MCDA method will pave the way for the development of various methods for astronomical observatory site determination.
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El Masmodi, Rim, and Bouabid El Mansouri. "Development of an Importance Scale for Seawater Intake Types Based on Physical Parameters Database." E3S Web of Conferences 607 (2025): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560702003.
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This article presents an advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based interface that innovates coastal water resource management in Morocco, with specific application to the ASSILAH region. This solution integrates spatial analysis with multi-criteria decision support, particularly focusing on the geographical distribution and territorial challenges of the Moroccan coastline, using programming tools such as Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The methodology combines GIS spatial analysis capabilities with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate complex geographical parameters including bathymetry and coastal infrastructure. The integration of geospatial data provides a clear and precise visualization of potential areas for seawater intake installations, thereby facilitating the understanding of territorial issues for decision-makers. The AHP method, known for its robustness in multi-criteria decision support, allows for choosing the optimal type of seawater intake. The interface, developed through Excel and VBA, transforms complex spatial and analytical data into an accessible decision support tool. The resulting system offers regional planners a comprehensive framework for coastal sustainable infrastructure development in the Assilah coastal region as a pilot case for Morocco's unique geographical context.
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Dilmi, Naima, and Hynda Boutabba. "Assessing urban vulnerability to landslides using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): Case study of the municipal head of Djebahia in Algeria." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 102, no. 2 (2022): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2202185d.
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Djebahia is an average city in the Algerian centre, reported to have many risks related to landslides, with very important indices of instabilities. The recurrence of damaging events in this locality has shown the fragility of its urban system. The main objective of this article is to analyse the urban vulnerability in Djebahia municipality by determining the physical condition of its urban structure. The procedures for the analysis of factors at the origin of the risk in this city are mainly derived from the spatial analysis program, represented by the geographic information system software (ARCMAP), which contains a set of tools facilitating the process analysis. The present research was based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of Thomas Laurie Saaty (1990), which belongs to a series of multi-criteria approaches. The analysis showed three levels of urban vulnerability: high, medium, and low, while the elements most affected by landslides are equipment, collective, and individual housing. These results were translated into a map of urban vulnerability to landslide risk.
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Yu, Mingkun, Lei Zhao, Zuliang Chen, and Jingyu Wu. "Balancing Solar Potential and Environmental Risk: A GIS-Based Site-Selection Approach for Concentrated Solar Power in Tibet." Sustainability 17, no. 11 (2025): 4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114895.
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The Tibet Autonomous Region presents immense potential for concentrated solar power (CSP) development, driven by its exceptional solar irradiance levels (e.g., a peak DNI exceeding 2100 kWh/m2/day). This positions it as a strategic contributor to China’s 2060 carbon neutrality target and aligns with global energy transition imperatives. However, CSP deployment in this region faces challenges stemming from unique high-altitude geographic characteristics, a complex terrain, and extreme climatic conditions—including pronounced diurnal temperature fluctuations, high wind speeds, and heavy winter snowfall. Additionally, traditional site-selection models inadequately address these region-specific environmental constraints. To address these limitations, an integrated framework combining geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is proposed in this study. A localized evaluation system is developed, incorporating four novel high-altitude-specific indicators: the average and maximum wind speed and the average and maximum snow depth. Criteria weights are determined through a hybrid approach integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method (EWM), while candidate sites are prioritized using the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) ranking method. The case study results demonstrate that region-specific environmental factors exert a significantly stronger influence on site suitability than traditional solar resource indicators (e.g., direct normal irradiance) under Tibet’s extreme climatic conditions, emphasizing the necessity of localized evaluation frameworks. The proposed methodology not only provides a robust scientific foundation for CSP site selection in high-altitude regions with environmental complexities but also establishes a replicable framework for optimizing multiple trade-offs in renewable energy systems under geographically complex conditions.
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Ejepu, JS. "Regional Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zone Using Remote Sensing, GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Techniques." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3b (2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.201.
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The growing demand for freshwater for domestic and industrial purposes is a current challenge in the Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority area. Consequently, there is heavy demand for groundwater resources to meet this need. This challenge has worsened due to the non-incorporation of integrated methods in groundwater exploration campaigns. Innovative scientific principles and quantitative assessment of groundwater resources are required for sustainable and proper management of the resources. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to exploit the potential application of remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques in mapping groundwater potential zones. To achieve this, seven factors deemed to have significant control over the occurrence and movement of groundwater viz. geology, lineament density, slope, drainage density, rainfall, land-use/land cover, and soil class were produced. These factors were assigned weights and normalized with respect to their relative contributions to groundwater occurrence using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This resulted in groundwater potential zones that have been classified into four: Very good, Good, Moderate and Poor representing 7%, 27%, 43%, and 23% respectively. This result represents groundwater potential in the area and should be used as a preliminary reference in selecting prospective sites for detailed groundwater resource exploitation
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Convertino, Fabiana, Giuliano Vox, Ileana Blanco, Ali Hachem, and Evelia Schettini. "Plastic waste management in agriculture through a GIS-based territory design approach." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 217 (February 27, 2025): 108210. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15524998.
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An integrated methodology for managing the agricultural plastic waste flow using analytical hierarchy process and geographic information system was implemented. The Italian province of Bari, with a surface of 3825 km<sup>2</sup>, was considered as case study. Two scenarios were analysed: with and without intermediate collection centres. Plastic waste indices were defined and applied to land use maps to estimate and map waste. Ten environmental, social and techno-economic criteria were considered for defining suitability. Data were integrated into a geographic information system for territorial analyses, considering the routes over the roads network. The suitability map for collection centres siting was obtained, the results showed that the situation without collection centres could be improved by interposing them. Waste path lengths and related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were reduced by 62 % and 20 %, respectively, in the scenario with intermediate collection centres.
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Cerreta, Maria, and Giuliano Poli. "A Complex Values Map of Marginal Urban Landscapes." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 4, no. 3 (2013): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2013070103.
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The paper seeks to highlight how the character and values of marginal landscapes can be considered examples of the “third landscape” and how they can enable the mapping of tangible and intangible change (and its relative effects) through the selection of appropriate spatial indicators. A Dynamic Spatial Decision Support System was constructed to help identify the complex values characterizing a selected area in Naples’ marginal urban landscape. The System consists of a set of selected indicators that represent the area’s distinguishing characteristics with specific focus on its critical and potential factors. The formulation of spatial indicators helps identify the ecological, socio-economic and urban characteristics of the case-study area, along with their historic evolution over a specific time period. Time History Analysis (THA) enables the identification of permanent elements and transformations along with the relationships among the various urban landscape components over time. The synergistic interaction between the appropriately structured Geographic Information System (GIS) and the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method help to generate a complex values map of the analyzed landscape to support the definition and location of strategic actions.
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El Hamdouni, Ikram, Lahsen Ait Brahim, Abderahman El Mahsani, and Abdellah Abdelouafi. "The Prevention of Landslides Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a Geographic Information System (GIS) Environment in the Province of Larache, Morocco." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 2 (2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2022.16.2.77.
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Landslides are one of the natural hazards that many countries around the world are facing. In Morocco, the Rif regions are the most affected by these phenomena. Each year they cause enormous damage to the road network and infrastructure, especially in our study region, the province of Larache.The study region is subject to several opening up and road construction projects, which is why it is necessary to predict and identify the most vulnerable areas beforehand, in order to propose measures and techniques which are adequate for protection and reinforcement.The main goal of this study is to develop a susceptibility map to ground movements using a multi-criteria spatial assessment approach, and in order to reduce subjectivity, we have used a method for analyzing such complex decisions, which is the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) implemented in the geographic information system (GIS). Seven factors have been considered as conditioning factors in the occurrence of landslides, which are: lithology, fracturing density, slope, aspect, land use, density of the hydrographic network, and altitude. To verify the results obtained, we performed a correlation analysis of ground movements, already inventoried and verified in the field, with the susceptibility classes that were calculated. This analysis is accompanied by a statistical study.
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Alemdar, Kadir Diler, Ömer Kaya, Muhammed Yasin Çodur, Tiziana Campisi, and Giovanni Tesoriere. "Accessibility of Vaccination Centers in COVID-19 Outbreak Control: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (2021): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100708.
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The most important protective measure in the pandemic process is a vaccine. The logistics and administration of the vaccine are as important as its production. The increasing diffusion of electronic devices containing geo-referenced information generates a large production of spatial data that are essential for risk management and impact mitigation, especially in the case of disasters and pandemics. Given that vaccines will be administered to the majority of people, it is inevitable to establish vaccination centres outside hospitals. Site selection of vaccination centres is a major challenge for the health sector in metropolitan cities due to the dense population and high number of daily cases. A poor site selection process can cause many problems for the health sector, workforce, health workers, and patients. To overcome this, a three-step solution approach is proposed: (i) determining eight criteria using from the experience of the advisory committee, (ii) calculating criterion weights using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and performing spatial analysis of criteria using Geographic Information System (GIS), (iii) assigning potential vaccination centres by obtaining a suitability map and determining service areas. A case study is performed for Bağcılar, Istanbul district, using the proposed methodology. The results show that the suitable areas are grouped in three different areas of the district. The proposed methodology provides an opportunity to execute a scientific and strategic vaccination programme and to create a map of suitable vaccination centres for the countries.
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Zheng, Zilai, Takehiro Morimoto, and Yuji Murayama. "Optimal Location Analysis of Delivery Parcel-Pickup Points Using AHP and Network Huff Model: A Case Study of Shiweitang Sub-District in Guangzhou City, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040193.
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The use of parcel-pickup points (PPPs) is an effective approach for solving the last-mile problem. However, few studies provide specific guidance for the optimal organization of PPPs. Here, a geographic information system(GIS)-based hybrid model was developed combining the widely used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria analysis method with the Huff model that predicts the number of visiting customers to determine the optimal facility for collaboration and service as a PPP. Using this model, a decision-maker can select the highest-ranking facility or use the fluctuation ranking graph to determine a priority list of candidate facilities according to the appropriate PPP service distance. Our findings suggest that the optimal candidate facility should be located near high population density areas, a dense road network, and few geographic barriers. The facility should have a high attractiveness value, long business hours, and convenient access to public transportation, cover a large, high-population area, and should be a retail chain store. Based on these findings, the AHP method can improve the accuracy of obtaining the facility attractiveness value using the Huff model. Facility attractiveness has a strong effect on the resulting number of customers in the case of acceptably long distances to residential buildings.
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Karymbalis, Efthimios, Maria Andreou, Dimitrios-Vasileios Batzakis, Konstantinos Tsanakas, and Sotirios Karalis. "Integration of GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Flood-Hazard Assessment in the Megalo Rema River Catchment (East Attica, Greece)." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810232.
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This study deals with the flood-hazard assessment and mapping in the catchment of Megalo Rema (East Attica, Greece). Flood-hazard zones were identified utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). Five factors were considered as the most influential parameters for the water course when high storm-water runoff exceeds drainage system capacity and were taken into account. These factors include slope, elevation, distance from stream channels, geological formations in terms of their hydro-lithological behavior and land cover. To obtain the final weights for each factor, rules of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied. The final flood-hazard assessment and mapping of the study area were produced through Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) procedures. The final map showed that approximately 26.3 km2, which corresponds to 22.7% of the total area of the catchment, belongs to the high flood risk zone, while approximately 25 km2, corresponding to ~15% of the catchment, is of very high flood risk. The highly and very highly prone to flooding areas are located mostly at the southern and western parts of the catchment. Furthermore, the areas on both sides of the channel along the lower reaches of the main stream are of high and very high risk. The highly and very highly prone to flooding areas are relatively low-lying, gently sloping and extensively urbanized, and host the densely populated settlements of Rafina-Pikermi, Penteli, Pallini, Peania, Spata, Glika Nera, Gerakas and Anthousa. The accuracy of the flood-hazard map was verified by correlating flood events of the last 30 years, the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) simulation and quantitative geomorphological analysis with the flood-hazard level. The results of our approach provide decision makers with important information for land-use planning at a regional scale, determining safe and unsafe areas for urban development.
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Karna, Bikash Kumar, Shobha Shrestha, and Hriday Lal Koirala. "Land Suitability Analysis for Potential Agriculture Land Use in Sambhunath Municipality, Saptari, Nepal." Geographic Base 8, no. 01 (2021): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v8i01.43464.
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Rapid and unplanned urbanization and haphazard infrastructure development causes pressure on the finite land resource and there is urgent need to preserve the arable land for food security. Land suitability analysis is a technique in which the land quality assessment is performed through interpretation of land properties for allocation of lands for particular use. The present paper attempts to conduct a land suitability analysis to determine the potential sites for agriculture land use in Sambhunath municipality of Saptari district. The criteria/ factors for the land suitability analysis were identified through literatures and modified in the local context through expert opinions and focus group discussions. The evaluation of agriculture land is accomplished using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Agriculture suitability index was developed and optimized qualitatively through the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis. Finally, potential agriculture suitability index map is prepared. The analysis shows almost 3139 ha (29%) lands as 14 highly suitable and 3001 ha (28%) of moderately suitable agriculture land within the municipality. Almost all the suitable agriculture land is located at low land with flat terrain to gentle slope having high natural fertility and mainly in land capability classes I and II. The unsuitable and poorly suitable agriculture land is occupied in the undulating areas and hilly terrain of the Siwalik hill. The study found the GIS tool integrated with MCE-AHP useful in land suitability evaluation process and anticipated that it could act as the planning tool to allocate lands in land use planning for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Bimenyimana, Samuel, Chen Wang, Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota, et al. "Wind Energy Siting Optimization in Fujian Province, China." Sustainability 16, no. 24 (2024): 11103. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411103.
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The geographical distribution and scientific evaluation of wind energy potential are crucial for regional energy planning. Wind energy is a renewable energy that can mitigate climate change. Several open-access World Bank databases and the ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) Global were used to gather and process data through wind energy siting optimization in Fujian Province. This paper uses the fuzzy quantifiers of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach in arc geographic information system (ArcGIS Pro) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to handle the associated wind data uncertainties to obtain wind energy technology siting optimization for nine cities in Fujian Province. The converted database options and characteristics used the weighted overlay tool (WOT) to reflect the importance of wind farm project objectives. The sensitivity analysis tested the robustness and resilience of the integrated MCDM design for feasibility or viability. The results revealed that 21.743% of the area of Longyan City is suitable for siting wind energy. Other cities’ suitable areas comprise 14.117%, 12.800%, 5.250%, 4.621%, 4.020%, 4.020%, 3.430%, and 2.300%, respectively (Sanming, Ningde, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Xiamen, and Fuzhou cities). Furthermore, a considerable amount of wind power is needed to supply the current primary energy deficit (60.0–84.0%) and satisfy the carbon emission reduction target. Wind farm installation in Fujian province is an opportunity to provide inexhaustible energy, generally affected by generation volume and operational span. Wind power is highly acceptable to local Chinese. Reasonably high understanding and excitement for wind farm investments exist among local authorities. Future research should consider wind data of the identified onshore optimization sites and design wind farms for the respective output power for pessimistic, average, and optimistic scenarios for possible wind farm development. Similarly, the long shoreline of about 1680.0 miles (or 2700.0 km) is a considerable source of offshore wind power prospecting, future research, and energy exploitation and harvesting opportunities.
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Maladi, Muhammad Saddam, and Alfita Puspa Handayani. "Analysis of Variables Affecting Land Value in Earthquake-Prone Areas, Lembang Fault Zone (Case Study: Bandung City, West Java Province)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1472, no. 1 (2025): 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1472/1/012025.
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Abstract Bandung City, located in West Java, Indonesia, faces a high risk of earthquake disasters due to its proximity to the Lembang Fault. This active shear fault contributes to the vulnerability of the area to earthquakes because of its unstable fault activity. However, it is important to note that despite this seismic risk, earthquake disasters are not considered a determining factor for land valuation according to the competent authority and the issuance of the Land Value Zone (ZNT) Map. To better understand the variables affecting land value in Bandung City as an Earthquake-Prone Area, this study employed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based approach known as Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). The study aimed to model a Land Value Estimation Map by considering four categories of factors: Social Factors, Economic Factors, Government Factors, and Physical Factors. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the study assessed land value based on expert opinions gathered through a questionnaire targeting professionals in cadaster, land, and tax assessment. Based on the results, the models which consider the Earthquake-Disaster aspect have lower land values than the actual Tield circumstances. This finding suggests that the high risk of earthquakes does not significantly impact the market value of land in Bandung City.
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Georgiou, Andreas, and Dimitrios Skarlatos. "Optimal site selection for sitting a solar park using multi-criteria decision analysis and geographical information systems." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, no. 2 (2016): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-321-2016.
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Abstract. Among the renewable power sources, solar power is rapidly becoming popular because it is inexhaustible, clean, and dependable. It has also become more efficient since the power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells has increased. Following these trends, solar power will become more affordable in years to come and considerable investments are to be expected. Despite the size of solar plants, the sitting procedure is a crucial factor for their efficiency and financial viability. Many aspects influence such a decision: legal, environmental, technical, and financial to name a few. This paper describes a general integrated framework to evaluate land suitability for the optimal placement of photovoltaic solar power plants, which is based on a combination of a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing techniques, and multi-criteria decision-making methods. An application of the proposed framework for the Limassol district in Cyprus is further illustrated. The combination of a GIS and multi-criteria methods produces an excellent analysis tool that creates an extensive database of spatial and non-spatial data, which will be used to simplify problems as well as solve and promote the use of multiple criteria. A set of environmental, economic, social, and technical constrains, based on recent Cypriot legislation, European's Union policies, and expert advice, identifies the potential sites for solar park installation. The pairwise comparison method in the context of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to estimate the criteria weights in order to establish their relative importance in site evaluation. In addition, four different methods to combine information layers and check their sensitivity were used. The first considered all the criteria as being equally important and assigned them equal weight, whereas the others grouped the criteria and graded them according to their objective perceived importance. The overall suitability of the study region for sitting solar parks is appraised through the summation rule. Strict application of the framework depicts 3.0 % of the study region scoring a best-suitability index for solar resource exploitation, hence minimizing the risk in a potential investment. However, using different weighting schemes for criteria, suitable areas may reach up to 83 % of the study region. The suggested methodological framework applied can be easily utilized by potential investors and renewable energy developers, through a front end web-based application with proper GUI for personalized weighting schemes.
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Kuznichenko, Svitlana, Dmytro Ivanov, and Dmytro Kuznichenko. "USING THE GEOSPATIAL MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS MODEL AND METHODS FOR SOIL DEGRADATION RISK MAPPING." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 1 (11) (July 30, 2024): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2024.01.03.
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Modern methods of spatial analysis and modeling are increasingly being combined with decision-making methods and fuzzy set theory. The latter are actively integrated into the environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), such as well-known ones like ArcGIS or QGIS, in the form of separate tools, plugins, or Python scripts. Decision-making methods allow structuring the problem in geographical space, as well as taking into account the knowledge and judgments of experts and the preferences of the decision-maker in determining the priorities of alternative solutions. This paper provides a description of a geospatial multi-criteria decision analysis model, which allows addressing a wide range of ecological and socio-economic issues. An example of applying this model to map soil degradation risk in Ukraine is presented in the paper. According to the object-spatial approach, the properties of a territory are determined as the result of the action (impact) of a set of objects (processes) belonging to this territory. The territory is represented as a two-dimensional discrete grid, each point of which (local area) is an alternative. The set of local areas of the territory constitutes the set of alternatives. The representation of the territory model as a system of objects and relationships between them allows justifying the choice of a set of criteria (factors) for assessing soil degradation risk. Each criterion is a separate raster layer of the map. To build a hierarchical decision-making structure and calculate the importance coefficients of the criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used. To account for uncertainty in assessments and judgments of experts at the stages of standardization of alternative attributes by different criteria and aggregation of their assessments, expert membership functions for fuzzy sets and fuzzy quantifiers are applied. The particular feature of the proposed multi-criteria decision analysis model is its low computational complexity and ease of integration into the GIS environment.
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Aweh, D.S., J. I. Igbokwe, and J.O. Ejikeme. "Analytic Hierarchy Process–GIS Based Decision Support System for Modular Petroleum Refining Plant Siting: A Case of Edo State, Nigeria." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 8, no. 3 (2021): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10648848.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Nigeria - an oil rich country, despite having a nameplate petroleum refining that exceeds demand ranks as the 3rd highest importer of petroleum products in Africa, importing over 80% of products consumed due to its capability to keep its petroleum refineries functioning optimally over the last four decades. This has led to a lively debate on the need for modular refineries as a quick fix to the shortages rather than continue to import at a very high cost to the nation. Constructing a modular refining plant is a major long-term investment that requires a comprehensive evaluation to identify the best available location that can simultaneously meet the requirements of regulations and minimize economic, environmental, health, and social cost. This study aimed at identifying suitable areas for possible locations of modular refineries in Edo State using an integrated approach of Geographical Information System (GIS) (which was used in building a geo-spatial workflow) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) (for criteria weight determination). Fifteen (15) key environmental criteria, based on a review of pieces of literature, specifications, and Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA) on the siting of petroleum refining plants were selected for this study (namely: Water bodies, Electricity transmission line Land use/Land cover, Topography, Sensitive and Protected areas, Critically Polluted areas, Existing Industrial areas, Transportation network, Flood zones, Source of crude oil, Wind speed, Large-scale Mines, Population density, Proximity to major settlement and Ground Water level) based on reviewed works of literature to be applicable to this study. The result of this analysis, showed that 20.391km<sup>2</sup>, representing 0.36% of the total available land Area which is concentrated majorly within the south-east zone of the study area was unsuitable; 212.669km<sup>2 </sup>representing 3.78% within the northern region of the study area were least suitable; 2943.584km<sup>2 </sup>representing 52.29%, located in the central and north-east regions of the study area were moderately suitable; 2266.082km<sup>2</sup> representing 40.25% which fell within the south-south and south-west regions of Edo State (the study area) were found to be more suitable while 186.082km<sup>2</sup> representing 3.32% located in the south-south region of the study area (Edo state) was most suitable. The research method and results of this work can be used as a spatial decision a support tool for optimum sites selection and sustainable spatial planning and development.
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Akay, Semih Sami. "Investigating Land Suitability for PV Farm and Existing Sites Using a Multi-Criteria Decision Approach in Gaziantep, Türkiye." Applied Sciences 15, no. 5 (2025): 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052441.
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Nowadays, renewable energy facilities are coming to the forefront in order to protect nature and prevent climate change. In this context, location-based analyses are carried out for the most optimal use of renewable energy resources. This study aims to identify suitable locations for photovoltaic (PV) farms in Gaziantep using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. The research incorporates various criteria, including solar radiation, land use, slope, aspect, distance to road, fault line proximity, distance to powerlines, and wind speed to evaluate potential sites for solar energy production. The AHP method is applied to prioritize these criteria through a pairwise comparison matrix and to calculate the weight values for each factor. The analysis reveals that approximately 80% of Gaziantep’s land is suitable for PV farm installation, with the southern region being the most favorable. Furthermore, the comparison between existing PV installations and the identified suitable areas highlights a high degree of alignment, with most of the current PV farms located in areas classified as suitable or highly suitable. Additionally, it was determined that 92% of the existing PV farms have been established within suitable areas. This indicates a high alignment between the identified suitable zones and the locations of the current PV installations, reflecting an effective site selection process based on the applied criteria. The study concludes that GIS-based AHP is an effective tool for rapid and reliable decision-making in renewable energy site selection, offering a valuable approach for future solar energy projects in Gaziantep and similar regions.
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Ozturk, Derya, Ilknur Yilmaz, and Ufuk Kirbas. "Flood Hazard Assessment Using AHP in Corum, Turkey." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 12, no. 2 (2021): 01–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2021-02-08.
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In this study, the flood hazard of Corum province (Turkey) was investigated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the most popular Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods, based on Geographic Information System (GIS). As a result of the AHP process, Corum province was categorized into five flood hazard classes: very high, high, medium, low, and very low. It was determined that 3% of the total area is under a very high flood hazard, and 25% is considered a high flood hazard. To assess the validity of the flood hazard map, the results were compared with the historical flood inventory. Our hazard map was compatible with the historical flood inventory, and our hazard map can now be used to estimate the areas that are threatened by possible floods. When the existing structural measures are overlapped with the hazard map in Corum, it is understood that a large part of the structural measures carried out to date have focused on the areas of very high and high flood hazard in the flood hazard map. Future structural measures and detailed studies should now address other areas identified as under threat in the flood hazard map. Our results suggest that the hazard assessment based on MCDA is suitable for flood hazard mapping.
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Bahadori, Mohammad Sadegh, Alexandre B. Gonçalves, and Filipe Moura. "A GIS-MCDM Method for Ranking Potential Station Locations in the Expansion of Bike-Sharing Systems." Axioms 11, no. 6 (2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11060263.
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Bicycle-sharing systems (BSSs) are an effective solution to reduce private car usage in most cities and are an influential factor in encouraging citizens to shift to more sustainable transport modes. In this sense, the location of BSS stations has a critical impact on the system’s efficiency. This study proposed an integrated geographic information system–multi-criteria decision-making (GIS-MCDM) framework that includes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), and spatial data processing in GIS to determine a ranking of potential locations for BSS stations. The results of the proposed GIS-MCDM method can be used for both planning a new BSS or expanding one that is currently under operation. The framework was applied to a case study for expanding GIRA, the BSS of Lisbon, Portugal. In it, location criteria were selected in four categories, including criteria from the literature and extracted from available transaction data; in addition, we also suggested some criteria. The rebalancing operator’s staff were the decision makers in this study via their responses to the AHP questionnaire. The rebalancing staff believed that the main criterion of “city infrastructure” with the two sub-criteria of “population density” and “slope” were the most important. Furthermore, the proximity to the “bike network” with the sub-criterion of “proximity to the current bike stations” had less importance. Each criterion’s weight and inconsistency rate were obtained using the Expert Choice software. The geographic values of each criterion were created utilizing the ArcGIS software, and its network analyst module was employed for applying location techniques. Based on the created suitability map, the city’s center was the main suitable area for establishing new stations. Forty-five new bike stations were identified in those areas and ranked using the TOPSIS technique.
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Alubo, Obaah Innocent, M. Isma’il, and Y. A. Arigbede. "Site suitability analysis for waste to energy facility in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 2a (2023): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i2a.31.
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Solid waste management has emerged as a significant environmental challenge in developing countries, primarily driven by population growth, rapid urbanization, and the absence of effective sustainable strategies and policies. The city of Jos is not immune to these issues, as limited funding and expertise have hindered the local municipalities' ability to manage municipal solid waste efficiently. This study attempted to identify suitable sites for a waste-to-energy facility in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. The study focused on estimating the amount of waste generated and determining a suitable site for siting a waste-to-energy facility in the study area. The data used were geographic coordinates of existing dumpsites which were acquired using Garmin eTrex R 20x Handheld GPS, topographic map which was obtained from Landsat (Glovis) website, landuse/landcover map which was obtained from Sentinel-2 ESRI website, road and waterbody data which were obtained from Open Street Map and administrative map of Jos metropolis which was obtained from ministry of lands, survey and town planning, Plateau state. Multi-criteria analysis, waste estimation formula, population projection formula, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in conjunction with a Geographic Information System (GIS) model were employed for analysis. The results revealed that an estimated 221 tons of waste is generated per day in Jos metropolis with a projected increase to 299 tons by 2032, reflecting a 35.29% growth in a decade. The multicriteria analysis revealed that only 2.8% (23.3 km²) of the area exhibited high suitability for a WtE facility, with Kuru 'A' identified as the optimal choice due to its advantageous proximity to power substations, well-established road networks, existing dumpsites, and minimal risks to people and economic activities. Based on the findings, the study recommends improving data collection efforts, expanding the suitability criteria, and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes to enhance waste management effectiveness.
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Timsina, Susan, Subash Giri, Tarun Agarwal, et al. "A Case Study of Groundwater Recharge Potential in Chitwan District by using Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 10 (March 11, 2025): 59–77. https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v10i1.76319.
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Groundwater recharge process is crucial for maintaining the water balance in an area and securing sustainable water supply for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes and it is also very necessary for the management of both surface and subsurface water resources. The calculation and estimation of groundwater recharge is the way to understand the groundwater reservoir and forecast its potential accessibility. In this study, the effectiveness of the Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a spatial prediction tool was utilized in exploring the groundwater recharge potential of the Chitwan District. Various aspects of earth surface features such as geology, geomorphology, soil types, land use and land cover, slope, aspect, precipitation, population density, elevation, Lineament density, Drainage density etc. are taken in consideration that influence the groundwater recharge in either direct or indirect way. These thematic layers are prepared and extracted using population data, Landsat 8 image, topographical map, and various other data sources. Weighted analysis and union of data obtained is used for formation of recharge map in this study. A pair-wise matrix analytical method is used to calculate the weightage of layers and are mathematically overlaid for preparation of groundwater recharge potential zone map of Chitwan District. The result reveals that around 78.9 sq. km (3.57%) of total area has been identified as high potential zone for groundwater recharge. The forest areas in central part and south western part of the district have high potential for groundwater recharge. Hilly and mountain terrains in north Mahabharata range are considered as unsuitable zone with very low groundwater recharge potential.
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Bhandari, Anish, and Til Prasad Pangali Sharma. "Suitability analysis of PV solar power plant sites in Gandaki province: Application of GIS and Remote sensing." Journal of Engineering and Sciences 2, no. 1 (2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jes2.v2i1.60395.
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The escalating global demand for energy has triggered a shift towards cleaner alternatives due to mounting environmental concerns. Emerging as a viable substitute, solar power has gained prominence as fossil fuels' adverse impact becomes evident. Historically reliant on hydropower, Nepal is exploring alternative energy sources to mitigate seasonal output variations. Despite abundant renewable resources like biomass, wind, and solar energy, Nepal's energy sector faces funding and technical expertise challenges. Solar energy presents significant promise as a primary renewable source in Nepal, boasting ample sunlight due to its location. However, the current solar capacity remains limited at around 54.6 MW, comprising less than 2.5% of the total installed capacity. The critical factor is the identification of suitable sites for solar power plants. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods have been employed for suitability analysis. This study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a robust MCDM technique, to assess site suitability. The research is carried out in the Gandaki province, Nepal, encompassing the Himalayan, Hilly, and Terai regions. Criteria like solar radiation, slope, aspect, land use/land cover, proximity to roads, and substations are considered. These criteria are reclassified into suitability categories based on expert opinions and guidelines. The results indicate areas highly suitable for solar power generation, covering 12.40 km2 (5.64% of the study area), followed by regions least suitable, spanning 7681 km2 (34.93% of the province's area). This research contributes to the effective deployment of solar power by identifying optimal locations for solar power plant construction, thus advancing Nepal's renewable energy goals.