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Journal articles on the topic 'Winding and unwinding mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Lin, J. Y., and R. A. Westmann. "Viscoelastic Winding Mechanics." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 4 (1989): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176177.

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The viscoelastic analysis of tape systems composed of rate-dependent materials is presented. Histories for winding, winding-pause, and winding-pause-unwinding are considered. The winding problem is reduced to determining the appropriate Green’s function by numerical solution of a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. This Green’s function and integral superposition permits the evaluation of the stress and displacement fields in the tape system for any winding history. Viscoelastic unwinding is treated by the superposition of two-states — one determined from the initial condition of the tape when unwinding begins and the second state given in terms of an arbitrary external pressure evaluated by solving an integral equation. Numerical results are presented for several histories and representative material properties.

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2

Dobrovolska, L., and D. Ivochkin. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF COLD ROLLED WINDING AND UNWINDING." Scientific heritage, no. 127 (December 26, 2023): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10432205.

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The article deals with the improvement of the mathematical model of the operation of the electric drive of thewinding-unwinding mechanisms of the cold rolling state due to the use of computer numerical control, which willincrease the accuracy of the mathematical modeling of the technological process. The joint work of themathematical model and the ANN will consist in the fact that the mathematical model calculates one approximatevalue of the target value, and the ANN estimates the resulting model error.

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3

Frechard, J., D. Knittel, P. Dessagne, et al. "Modelling and fast position control of a new unwinding–winding mechanism design." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 90 (April 2013): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2012.09.002.

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4

Zhang, Weihan, and Stelios Kyriakides. "Winding and unwinding a pipe with lüders bands on a reel part I: Analysis of base case." International Journal of Solids and Structures 290 (March 2024): 112687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112687.

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5

Mazur, V. L., V. I. Tymoshenko, and I. Yu Prykhodko. "Implementation of calculation methods in a specialized computer system of the stress-deformation and temperature state of steel bar coils." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy 36 (2022): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2022-36-240-253.

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The theory of formation and transformation of the stress-deformation and temperature state of rolls of hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel bars during their winding-unwinding in the processes of rolling, heat treatment, training, transportation, storage, and performance of other production operations at metallurgical plants has been developed. Mathematical models, algorithms and a computer system implementing them are proposed. A description of the possibilities of using this system when solving various tasks is given. In the computer system, an approach to assessing the influence of the parameters of the process of cold rolling and winding the stock into rolls, the temperature and speed regimes of their heating and cooling during annealing in hood furnaces is considered. For the first time, the methodology for identifying patterns of influence of inter-turn gaps in rolls on their stress-strain state was disclosed. The procedure for detecting the effects of cold rolling speed, temperature, tension of the rods rolled and wound into rolls, and their surface roughness on the stress-strain state of the rolls is shown. In detail, the implementation of new ideologies and approaches to solving the problem of determining the stress-strain state (STS) of rolls is shown in the computer system. Models and algorithms for calculating VAT, which are the basis of the computer system, are developed on the basis of classic solutions in the field of materials science, theories of elasticity, metal pressure treatment, heat engineering, gas dynamics, numerical methods and other fields of knowledge. The computer system revealed the mechanisms of forming the temperature and stress-strain state of rolls of steel bars in the processes of rolling, heating, isothermal aging and cooling during annealing in hood furnaces; the influence of the temperature and speed regimes of rolling and annealing on the occurrence of critical inter-turn pressures in the rolls, which lead to surface defects of the "bend line" (breaks) and defects in the shape of the rolls, is taken into account. The possibilities of influencing the VAT of rolls during rolling by adjusting the tension of the staffs, and during annealing by adjusting the duration of isothermal exposure and the rate of subsequent cooling of the rolls, are revealed. References to literary sources are provided, which detail the results of research on scientific and technical problems implemented in the computer system. In the computer system, methods of winding cold-rolled bars into rolls are used, which exclude the loss of their stability and the formation of "bends", subsidence, "bird" defects during the production of thin sheet steel in industrial conditions. Recommendations are given regarding the choice of a rational technology for the roll production of hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheet metal. The developed solutions are implemented in the "CoilTemper3D" computer system and are used in production.

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6

Shibata, Kazunari, and Yutaka Uchida. "A Magnetodynamic Mechanism for the Formation of Astrophysical Jets. I. Dynamical Effects of the Relaxation of Nonlinear Magnetic Twists." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 37, no. 1 (1985): 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/37.1.31.

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Abstract A magnetodynamical mechanism for the formation of jets in astrophysical situations is presented. The effect of the relaxation of the accumulated nonlinear magnetic twist is calculated in an axisymmetric quasithree dimensional simulation, and it is shown that a jet is formed in the direction of the axis parallel to the large-scale magnetic field along which the packet of the magnetic twist relaxes. The driving force of the jet is due both to the pinching front progressing along the axis and to the j × B force in the front of the unwinding twist in the off-axis region. The effect is strengthened in the stratified atmosphere in which the relaxing packet of the magnetic twist emerges into the low-β (≡ pg/pm) region. The jet has a high contrast in density and has a conspicuously high velocity, because the velocity of the relaxing front which carries the material is determined by the Alfvén velocity which is supersonic in the low-β region. One of the characteristic features of the jet produced in the present mechanism is its helical motion which is favorable in explaining some of the observations of astrophysical jets. As to the creation of the magnetic twist, which is to be discussed in detail in paper II of the series, it is argued to be due to the winding-up effect of the rotational velocity component in the stellar surface convection in the case of the substellar jets, and of the rotational velocity in the contracting accretion disk in the cases of bipolar flows from young stellar objects and of bipolar lobes ejected from active galaxies, respectively.

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7

Kevac, Lj B., and M. M. Filipovic. "Mathematical Model of Cable Winding/Unwinding System." Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 1 (2017): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2017.59.

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AbstractThe general form of mathematical model of cable winding/unwinding system is defined for several different constructions. The novelty of this mathematical model is detection and mathematical formulation of influence of new dynamic variables: winding/unwinding radius and cable length on dynamic response of cable winding/unwinding system. The validity of the obtained theoretical contribution has been illustrated through one case study by using a newly developed software package CWUSOFT which was generated in MATLAB. Theoretical and simulation results are confirmed through the experimental analysis of one novel construction of the cable winding/unwinding system.

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8

Filipović, Mirjana, and Ljubinko Kevac. "A NEW WINCH CONSTRUCTION FOR SMOOTH CABLE WINDING/UNWINDING." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2017): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume171002020f.

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New constructive solutions of the winches for single-row radial multi-layered cable smooth winding/unwinding are described. Two new structural solutions of winches are defined. The nonlinear phenomenon of a cable smooth winding/unwinding process on the winch by using one of the two proposed constructive solutions is defined and analyzed. To facilitate understanding of this concept, the cable winding/unwinding process on only one winch is analyzed. The obtained variables which characterize the kinematics of the cable smooth winding/unwinding process are nonlinear and smooth. This result is important because the systems for the smooth cable winding/unwinding process on the winch could be parts of any cable driven mechanism. These systems can be used in various fields of human activity. For the verification of the presented theoretical contributions, a novel software package named SMOWIND – OW has been developed using MATLAB.

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9

Briones, Cecilia T. Lanata, and Hernán González Bollo. "Unwinding the Winding Trajectory." Histoire & mesure XXXII, no. 1 (2017): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.5790.

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10

LeBrasseur, Nicole. "Winding and unwinding ATP synthase." Journal of Cell Biology 164, no. 4 (2004): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1644rr4.

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11

Lin, Janq‐Yann. "Viscoelastic winding and unwinding mechanics." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 12, no. 2 (1989): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1989.9677147.

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12

Takahashi, K., C. Shingyoji, J. Katada, D. Eshel, and I. R. Gibbons. "Polarity in spontaneous unwinding after prior rotation of the flagellar beat plane in sea-urchin spermatozoa." Journal of Cell Science 98, no. 2 (1991): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.98.2.183.

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The flagellar beat plane of live and reactivated sea-urchin sperm held by their heads in the tip of a vibrating micropipette will rotate along with the plane of the imposed vibration for up to 10 revolutions in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction. Subsequent cessation of the imposed vibration is followed by spontaneous unwinding of the flagellar beat plane. Nearly complete unwinding occurs after prior counterclockwise winding. The unwinding of the beat plane after prior clockwise winding is incomplete, but the number of revolutions that remain unwound affects the response of the flagellar beat plane to a second set of imposed revolutions. The initial angular velocity of spontaneous unwinding is approximately proportional to the number of prior winding cycles, independent of their direction. The maximum initial velocity of unwinding was 27 rad s-1 and 20 rad s-1 for live and reactivated sperm, respectively. These data suggest that the force responsible for unwinding of the beat plane is derived from the elastic distortion of some component in the axonemal structure. The difference in completeness of spontaneous unwinding between the two directions of rotation is consistent with the previously suggested hypothesis that imposed rotation of the beat plane reflects the forced rotation of the central pair within the axoneme.

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13

Pan, Songzhe, Jialiang Hu, Kangwei Xiao, Panpan Liu, and Yu Chen. "Design of Winding and Unwinding Control for High-speed Slitter." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v5i2.5920.

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The technical gap between China's slitter and some international brands in tension control is obvious, highlighting the shortcomings of unstable tension control, slow speed and low automation level. This paper is mainly about the research and analysis of the existing domestic slitter winding and unwinding technology, and analyzes the technical gap from the winding and unwinding system.

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14

Palaniswamy, Kolandaisamy, and Peer Mohamed. "YARN TWISTING." AUTEX Research Journal 5, no. 2 (2005): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2005-050203.

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Abstract The mechanism of twist insertion to the strand during ring spinning has been studied. The twisting of the strand occurs not only due to the rotation of twisting elements, but also due to the winding of yarn on the package. When the yarn is wound on a stationary cop by gripping and winding the yarn by hand, for every coil of yarn wind one turn of twist to the yarn is inserted. But the same yarn is over-end withdrawn from the cop, and all twists inserted during winding are removed during unwinding. Over-end unwinding rotates the yarn in the opposite direction. Since the yarn from the cop is over-end withdrawn during winding, the spindle speed is taken for calculating the twist in the yarn, whereas the flyer speed is taken for calculating twist in the roving due to the parallel unwinding of roving during spinning.

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15

Zhao, Hai Xia, and De Gong Chang. "Research of Factors Affecting the Yarn Tension of a Winding Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1117.

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The yarn tension is an important parameter to determine the product quality and production efficiency in winding process. Appropriate winding tension makes the winding bobbin form, which is a compact structure without damaging the physical and mechanical properties, is conductive to smoothly unwinding after the back working procedure.This paper makes analysis of The principle, composition and factors affecting the yarn tension of a winding machine, so as to control the yarn tension constancy of the yarn theoretical basis.

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16

Celik, Ozge, and Recep Eren. "Experimental Investigation of the Relationship Between the Yarn Tension and Bobbin Diameter in the Warping Process." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 1(133) (2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7504.

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Yarns of different types are unwound from bobbins in different processes like warping, weaving, doubling and re-winding. A change in yarn tension from a full to empty bobbin causes serious product quality and machine efficiency problems in processes like weaving and winding. This paper investigates experimentally the relationship between yarn tension and bobbin diameter in the warping process. For this purpose, an experimental set up was built with a laser sensor measuring the bobbin diameter, a tension sensor for measuring yarn tension, a bobbin winding unit, PC, and DAQ card. A software program was developed in the C programming language to read and record the tension and bobbin diameter simultaneously. The unwinding speed and yarn number both had a significant effect on the relationship between the yarn tension and bobbin diameter. The effect of the unwinding speed became more pronounced with yarns getting thicker.

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17

Pušnik, Nace, and Stanislav Praček. "The Effect of Winding Angle on Unwinding Yarn." Transactions of FAMENA 40, no. 3 (2016): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/tof.40303.

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Mack, Andrew H., Daniel J. Schlingman, Masha Kamenetska, Robielyn P. Ilagan, Lynne Regan, and Simon G. J. Mochrie. "Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Nucleosome Winding and Unwinding." Biophysical Journal 104, no. 2 (2013): 38a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.249.

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Praček, Stanislav, Franci Sluga та Klemen Možina. "Mathematical Model for Yarn Unwinding Part ΙΙ: Conic Packages". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (листопад 2011): 5136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.5136.

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Mathematical modeling can be used to simulate the unwinding of yarn from packages of different shapes. This method can be applied to design packages that can sustain high unwinding velocities at low and steady tension in the yarn. In the case of conic packages the angular velocity of unwinding depends not only on the winding angle as is the case for cylindric packages, but also on the apex angle. We will show that the dimensionless angular velocity depends very little on the apex angle. The apex angle, however, also determines the effective radius of the package at the lift-off point, therefore the angular velocity can be proportionally higher. We will compare unwinding from a cylindrical and a conic package with equal smallest radius and show that unwinding from the conic package is faster due to higher average radius of the package at the lift-off point.

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Praček, Stanislav, Franci Sluga та Klemen Možina. "Mathematical Model for Yarn Unwinding Part Ι: Cylindrical Packages". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (листопад 2011): 5131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.5131.

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Stability of the yarn unwinding directly affects the efficiency of the textile production process and the quality of the final product. A package with an optimal shape will result in an optimal shape of the balloon. In addition, the yarn tension will be small and steady even at high unwinding velocity. Computer modeling is a valuable tool in the search for the optimal package shape. We demonstrate a mathematical model for simulating the unwinding from cylindrical and conic packages. We show how the winding angle and the apex angle influence the angular velocity of the yarn during the unwinding. Since the centrifugal forces on the yarn in the balloon depend on the angular velocity, this velocity has a large influence on the tension that we wish to reduce.

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Praček, Stanislav, Klemen Možina, and Franci Sluga. "Shock in the Yarn during Unwinding from Packages." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972941.

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Tension in the yarn and its oscillations during the over-end unwinding of the yarn from stationary packages depend on the unwinding speed, the shape and the winding type of the package, the air drag coefficient, and also the coefficient of friction between the yarn and the package. The yarn does not leave the surface package immediately at the unwinding point. Instead, it first slides on the surface and then lifts off to form the balloon. The problem of simulating the unwinding process can be split into two smaller subproblems: the first task is to describe the motion of the yarn in the balloon; the second one is to solve the sliding motion. In spite of the seemingly complex form of the equations, they can be partially analytically solved as we show in the paper.

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Yang, Tao, Lin Yin Liu, and Wei Rong Dai. "Dynamic Characteristics and Double Closed Loop Control Method of Warping Machine." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.428.

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The warp tension is caused by the speed difference between rewinding shaft and unwinding shaft. The mathematical dynamic models of the system are established based on rewinding shaft and unwinding shaft．Double closed loop are included in the control system. One is winding speed closed loop which could control warping speed according to the requirements; the other is tension closed loop which ensure the yarn tension to be kept constant. The experimental results show the curve of tension enters a stable state after two or three times’ oscillation. The accuracy of the yarn tension has reached ±3%.

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Celik, Ozge, and Recep Eren. "Experimental investigation of effect of balloon length on yarn tension during unwinding." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (2019): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2018-0105.

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Purpose Yarns of different types are unwound from bobbins in different processes like warping, weaving, doubling and re-winding. It is required that yarn tension remains constant during unwinding in all these processes. Otherwise, it ends with product quality and process efficiency problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of balloon length on yarn tension change with respect to bobbin diameter during unwinding in an attempt to obtain a minimum yarn tension variation. Design/methodology/approach An experimental set up was built. Bobbin diameter was measured by a laser sensor and yarn tension was measured by a single yarn tension sensor. Both sensor outputs were interfaced to a PC via a DAQ cad. A software program was developed in C programming language to read and record the tension and bobbin diameter simultaneously. Experimental study was conducted with three different balloon lengths for both continuous filament and spun yarns of four different yarn numbers and five different unwinding speeds. Findings Results showed that yarn tension change with bobbin diameter was affected in different ways with balloon length depending on yarn number, unwinding speed and yarn type. Originality/value Available literature on the effect of balloon length on yarn tension bobbin diameter relation is limited and measurements were generally conducted for three different bobbin diameters. Yarn tension bobbin diameter relation is obtained in this research for at least eight different diameters and more for three different balloon lengths covering practical application ranges. The results obtained can be used in the design of tension control system for warping and winding machines as well as for setting these machines for optimum efficiency.

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Tarábková, H., Z. Zelinger, and P. Janda. "Electrochemically controlled winding and unwinding of substrate-supported carbon nanoscrolls." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 8 (2018): 5900–5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp08018b.

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Carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) formed spontaneously on the basal plane of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) show winding and unwinding movements when potential steps from 0 V to −0.5 V, −0.6 V and −0.9 V are applied on HOPG immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution (0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>).

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25

Yao, Qing Mei, Fu Ming Xu, Xun Mu, and Yan Jia. "The Design of Tension Control System in Production of the Energy-Saving Windows Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1300.

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Aiming at the problem of easy tensile deformation of PET film in production process of the energy-saving windows film, the paper presents control requirements of constant tension, constant line speed during the winding and unwinding. Firstly, the article gives a brief analysis of the tension cause and dynamics equation, and then establishes a mathematical model of the process of unwinding. Finally, starting from the model, the paper designed a control scheme to meet the constant tension, constant line speed using PLC and inverter technology. The field operation proves that the control system has achieved the expected effect of the control.Key words: Energy-saving Windows Film;Tension Control;PLC;inverter technology

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Ju, Ming, Yang Jiang, Feihong Yun, et al. "Research on Dynamic Response of Pipeline under the Reeling Process and Laying Process." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (2023): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091783.

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During the process of laying submarine pipelines using the R-lay (short for reel-lay) method, the interaction between the pipeline and the laying equipment undergoes continual fluctuations, leading to bending in the pipeline induced by the stochastic dynamics of various external loads. Considering the challenge in forecasting the dynamic behavior of pipeline bending moments and ovality throughout this procedure, we constructed a finite element-based shell element model for a 6-inch pipeline. In this paper, a multi-step simulation approach was used to replicate the pipeline laying process, and the dynamic response in pipeline bending moments and ovality during the winding, unwinding, and straightening processes was analyzed. Additionally, the effects of the pipeline’s diameter–thickness ratio and material properties on the dynamic response process were also studied. The results show that the dynamic response in bending moments and ovality is closely related to the curvature of the pipeline; a brief peak will appear at the critical point where the pipeline deforms, and the peak is related to the different bending stages of the pipeline, with the winding stage having a greater impact on the peak than the unwinding stage. During the unwinding process, a reverse bending moment will occur. The dynamic response of pipeline bending moments and ovality is influenced to some extent by the pipeline’s diameter–thickness ratio and material properties, with the diameter–thickness ratio demonstrating a more conspicuous impact.

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Nuriyev, Mahammadali, Fazil Ali Veliyev, Həmid İnsaf Hamidov, Rahib Aqagul Sailov, Ilham Mahamad Seydaliyev, and Ganira Zargar Jabbarova. "Development of a Device for Continuously Monitoring the Parameters of the Winding Structure of Textile Bobbins." Ingeniería Solidaria 14, no. 24 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/.v14i24.2183.

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Introduction: The research “Improving the control methods for winding structure at friction drive machines” was conducted at Azerbaijan State Economic University in 2017. Methods: To assess the efficiency of the proposed technique for processing signals, a model of a WA device, which allowsthe unwinding of the package, was designed and manufactured. Results: The authors developed a methodology and a corresponding device to quantitatively assess the parameters of the winding structure by the light-section method. Conclusions: The dimensions adopted while designing the device make it possible to exclude the influence of the non-roundness of the bobbin on the measurement results. Originality: The equipment advancement and quality control improvement are the most urgent issues in textile industry. The quality requirements for package is constantly growing, while this research contribute to maintain it at a corresponding level, which ensures further development of textile industry as a whole. Limitations: The research results can be practically implemented in new winding motion design for spinning frames with cross-winding bobbin.

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Tong, Yun. "Intelligent Control of the Dynamic Tension of Yarn by Means of Sensors in Winding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2305.

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Concerning the intelligent technique control of automatic winder in textile production, the tension of yarn in unwinding and winding process is a key factor among various technical parameters, the speed known as linear and rotational speed and the position of yarn layer on bobbin will definitely affect the dynamic tension of yarn during the winding process. the photoelectric encoder sonser is used for measurement of the rotationtional and linear speed of cyclinder of winder machine. Position sonser can detect the amount of the remaind yarn layer on bobbin so as to regulate the position of the tension controller to make the dynamic tension to be uniform and approporite.

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Bae, Gunhyu, Yoo Sang Jeon, Min Jun Ko, et al. "Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Controlling Winding and Unwinding of Nanohelical Ligands." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 37 (2021): 2103409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202103409.

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Fernandez-de-Castro, J., F. Friedlaender, D. Musselman, and J. Nyenhuis. "Controlled generation of stable winding and unwinding vertical Bloch lines in." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 5 (1987): 3388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065559.

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Bawa, S. S., A. M. Biradar, and Subhas Chandra. "Dynamics of Helix Winding, Unwinding and Switching of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 26, Part 1, No. 2 (1987): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.26.189.

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Akhmedov, A. J., Kh A. Alimova, J. Sh Sharipov, K. E. Sobirov, and A. A. Rakhimov. "UNWINDING DEFECTIVE COCOONS AND STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF RAW SILK." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 6, no. 5 (2023): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2023-5-8.

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This article explores thread thinning, roughness, total, and continuous length by individual unwinding of defective cocoons obtained by breeding domestic Navroz-1 cocoons and Chinese hybrids grown in our republic. It is justified that the output of various types of silk fabrics can be ensured by increasing the amount of raw silk by unwinding defective cocoons. To achieve this goal, the research was carried out in two ways: raw silk of high linear density (16.60 tex) was obtained using a mechanical cocoon-winding machine, and 10.75 and 13.33 tex were obtained by means of an automatic machine. Certain technological parameters and modes for machines are experimentally presented in the tables. The quality of raw silk with a high linear density, produced by a new method, was tested in accordance with the requirements of the current state standard, O‘zDST 3313:2018, and positive results were obtained, corresponding to class A obtained by means of a mechanical machine and class 2A obtained from an automatic machine. For the production of raw silk with a high linear density of 10.75 and 13.33 tex using automatic cocoon winding machines, appropriate changes were made in the control apparatus and theoretical calculations were carried out. The resulting raw silk of high linear density is recommended for use in the making of carpet threads; moreover, it can be used in the making of various silk suit fabrics.

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Kępski, Kamil, Paweł Dworak, and Daniel Figurowski. "Tension Control: Open-Loop Torque Control in Material Unwinding Process." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 28, no. 4 (2024): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.14313/par_254/65.

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This paper analyzes the problem of tension control in the processes of unwinding, rewinding, and winding materials, addressing how to implement such control in an open-loop system without the commonly used dancer rolls. It describes the theoretical and mathematical foundations of material tension control. An example problem of tension control on a real control object has been solved. An algorithm utilizing the torque control method in an open-loop system, which uses only servo drives to manage tension, is presented. This algorithm allows for increased process speed by unwinding two material rolls simultaneously, a capability that was not possible with single dancer roll control. Additionally, an algorithm for measuring the moment of inertia of material rolls using servo drives is discussed. The necessary measurements for the control algorithm to function effectively have been performed. The article concludes by presenting the results.

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Koç, Hakan, Dominique Knittel, Michel de Mathelin, and Gabriel Abba. "Modeling, Identification and Robust Control of the Unwinding-Winding of Elastic Web." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 24 (2000): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36881-7.

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Pusic, Radosav. "Spiral as a perpetual winding and unwinding of the same: Chinese angle." Kultura, no. 148 (2015): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura1548026p.

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Kevac, Ljubinko, Mirjana Filipovic, and Aleksandar Rakic. "Dynamics of the process of the rope winding (unwinding) on the winch." Applied Mathematical Modelling 48 (August 2017): 821–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.02.023.

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Lohman, Timothy M., and Keith P. Bjornson. "Mechanisms of Helicase-Catalyzed DNA Unwinding." Annual Review of Biochemistry 65, no. 1 (1996): 169–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.001125.

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38

Han, Jian Bing, Shi Zhe Liu, Ping Li, Zong Yao Yao, and Jin Cang Mi. "A PLC-Based Tension Training System Design." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.563.

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The PLC-based tension training system consists of three-phase asynchronous motors, programmable logic controllers (PLC), inverters, touch screen and sensor. Taking PLC as the controller, the system uses two sets of three-phase asynchronous motors to complete the delivery and winding of fibers, uses two inverters respectively to control the operation of the motors, and measures the fiber tension through tension sensor, and then feeds back the result to the PLC. Besides, by the touch screen control interface design, the system can achieve single motors inching, winding, and unwinding, two motors simultaneous operation and other operation modes. PID, fuzzy PID, genetic algorithm based PID and other algorithms can be used in the tests of the system. The PLC-based tension training system is of great help for enhancing the hands-on ability of college students or junior technical staff.

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Kosmetatos, Paul. "The winding-up of the Ayr Bank, 1772–1827." Financial History Review 21, no. 2 (2014): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565014000122.

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The collapse of the ambitious and experimental Ayr Bank (Douglas, Heron & Co.) was the central episode of the 1772–3 British credit crisis and served as a direct influence on Adam Smith's monetary analysis in theWealth of Nations. This article identifies the issuance of redeemable annuities in response to the bank's stop of payments in June 1772 and the distressed nature of its asset liquidations afterwards as the main reasons behind the size of its losses. It furthermore uses primary manuscript evidence to reconstruct and extend the existing narrative of this famous episode, from the planning stages in 1773 while the bank was still fighting for its survival, to the retirement of its banknotes by the Edinburgh public banks in 1773–4, the legal and political manoeuvring behind the redemption of the annuities by Act of Parliament in 1774, and the over 40 years of asset unwinding that followed.

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Gassmann, Vincent, and Dominique Knittel. "H∞-based PI-observers for web tension estimations in industrial unwinding-winding systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 1018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.00174.

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41

Lee, Jae-Wook, Kun-Woo Kim, Hyung-Ryul Kim, and Wan-Suk Yoo. "Prediction of unwinding behaviors and problems of cables from inner-winding spool dispensers." Nonlinear Dynamics 67, no. 3 (2011): 1791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-011-0106-3.

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42

Furutani, Katsushi, Eiji Ikeda, Tatsuaki Okada, Kazuto Saiki, and Hiroyuki Ohue. "Prototype Design of Wire-Sawing Machine for Preliminary Experiments to Lunar and Planetary Exploration." Materials Science Forum 773-774 (November 2013): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.392.

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This paper describes design of a prototype of a wire-sawing machine and some machining demonstrations. Slicing the rock samples is preferable to observe their interior for in-situ analysis in lunar and planetary explorations. The requirements for the wire-sawing machine were clarified as follows: using a long saw wire to extend the duty cycle, and winding and unwinding the saw wire with two reels. After building a prototype of the wire-sawing machine, the cutting performance in vacuum was compared with that in air. The cutting depth in vacuum leveled off and was smaller than that in air.

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Masters, Karen L., Chris J. Lintott, Ross E. Hart, et al. "Galaxy Zoo: unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 487, no. 2 (2019): 1808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1153.

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Trakselis, Michael A. "Structural Mechanisms of Hexameric Helicase Loading, Assembly, and Unwinding." F1000Research 5 (January 27, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7509.1.

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Hexameric helicases control both the initiation and the elongation phase of DNA replication. The toroidal structure of these enzymes provides an inherent challenge in the opening and loading onto DNA at origins, as well as the conformational changes required to exclude one strand from the central channel and activate DNA unwinding. Recently, high-resolution structures have not only revealed the architecture of various hexameric helicases but also detailed the interactions of DNA within the central channel, as well as conformational changes that occur during loading. This structural information coupled with advanced biochemical reconstitutions and biophysical methods have transformed our understanding of the dynamics of both the helicase structure and the DNA interactions required for efficient unwinding at the replisome.

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Lohman, T. M. "Escherichia coli DNA helicases: mechanisms of DNA unwinding." Molecular Microbiology 6, no. 1 (1992): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00831.x.

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46

Nawa, Nobuhiko. "Deformation of the Helical Structure during the Unwinding and Winding Process of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 29, Part 1, No. 2 (1990): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.29.346.

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Peev, Vasil, Eunsil Hahm, and Jochen Reiser. "Unwinding focal segmental glomerulosclerosis." F1000Research 6 (April 12, 2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10510.1.

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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represents the most common primary glomerular disease responsible for the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States (US). The disease progresses from podocyte injury to chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately leading to total nephron degeneration. Extensive basic science research has been conducted to unwind the mechanisms of FSGS and, with those insights, understand major contributors of CKD in general. As a result, several putative molecules and pathways have been studied, all implicated in the disease; some serve, in addition, as early biomarkers. The ongoing research is currently focusing on understanding how these molecules and pathways can interplay and be utilized as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Among these molecules, the soluble urokinase plasminogen activating receptor (suPAR) has been studied in detail, both clinically and from a basic science perspective. By now, it has emerged as the earliest and most robust marker of future CKD. Other circulating factors harming podocytes include anti-CD40 auto-antibody and possibly cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor-1. Understanding these factors will aid our efforts to ultimately cure FSGS and possibly treat a larger portion of CKD patients much more effectively.

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48

Delagoutte, Emmanuelle, and Peter H. von Hippel. "Helicase mechanisms and the coupling of helicases within macromolecular machines Part I: Structures and properties of isolated helicases." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 35, no. 4 (2002): 431–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583502003852.

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1. Mechanisms of nucleic acid (NA) unwinding by helicases 4322. Helicases may take advantage of ‘breathing’ fluctuations in dsNAs 4342.1 Stability and dynamics of dsNAs 4342.2 dsNAs ‘breathe’ in isolation 4352.3 Thermodynamics of terminal base pairs of dsNA 4382.4 Thermal fluctuations may be responsible for sequential base-pair opening at replication forks 4392.5 Helicases may capture single base-pair opening events sequentially 4403. Biochemical properties of helicases 4433.1 Binding of NAs 4433.2 Binding and hydrolysis of NTP 4453.3 Coordination between NA binding and NTP binding and hydrolysis activities 4464. Helicase structures and mechanistic consequences 4474.1 Amino-acid sequence analysis reveals conserved motifs that constitute the NTP-binding pocket and a portion of the NA-binding site 4474.2 Organization of hepatitis virus C NS3 RNA helicase 4494.2.1 Biochemical properties of HCV NS3 4494.2.2 Crystal structures of HCV NS3 helicase 4504.2.2.1 The apoprotein 4504.2.2.2 The protein–dU8 complex 4504.2.3 A possible unwinding mechanism 4524.2.4 What is the functional oligomeric state of HCV NS3? 4524.3 Organization of the PcrA helicase 4534.3.1 The apoenzyme and ADP–PcrA complex 4544.3.2 The protein–DNA–sulfate complex 4564.3.3 The PcrA–DNA–ADPNP complex 4564.3.4 A closer look at the NTP-binding site in the crystal structure of PcrA–ADPNP–DNA 4574.3.5 Communication between domains A and B 4574.3.6 How might ssDNA stimulate the ATPase activity of PcrA? 4574.3.7 A possible helicase translocation mechanism 4584.3.8 A possible unwinding mechanism 4584.4 Organization of the Rep helicase 4594.4.1 Biochemical properties 4594.4.2 Crystal structure of Rep bound to ssDNA 4624.5 Organization of the RecG helicase 4624.6 Hexameric helicases 4664.6.1 Insights from crystal structures of hexameric helicases 4674.6.2 Possible translocation and unwinding mechanisms 4685. Conclusions 4696. Acknowledgments 4727. References 472Helicases are proteins that harness the chemical free energy of ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded nucleic acids. These enzymes have been much studied in isolation, and here we review what is known about the mechanisms of the unwinding process. We begin by considering the thermally driven ‘breathing’ of double-stranded nucleic acids by themselves, in order to ask whether helicases might take advantage of some of these breathing modes. We next provide a brief summary of helicase mechanisms that have been elucidated by biochemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies, and then review in detail recent structural studies of helicases in isolation, in order to correlate structural findings with biophysical and biochemical results. We conclude that there are certainly common mechanistic themes for helicase function, but that different helicases have devised solutions to the nucleic acid unwinding problem that differ in structural detail. In Part II of this review (to be published in the next issue of this journal) we consider how these mechanisms are further modified to reflect the functional coupling of these proteins into macromolecular machines, and discuss the role of helicases in several central biological processes to illustrate how this coupling actually works in the various processes of gene expression.

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Lee, Y. M., and J. A. Wickert. "Contribution of Support Means to Stresses Developed in Sheet Metal Coils." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 3 (2004): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1763185.

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Sheet metal is often stored in large wound coils and processed through such manufacturing stages as cleaning, coating, and slitting in a finishing plant or thickness reduction in a rolling mill. During winding and unwinding operations, as well as during storage and transportation, a coil can be supported in a variety of methods. The coil can be formed on a relatively compliant fiber core, or it can be mounted with the core onto a drive shaft or a pair of core chucks. The stresses within the coil develop in response to the sheet metal’s material properties, the process tension, and the type of support condition that is present along the coil’s inner diameter. In this investigation, a two-dimensional finite element model is applied to capture the stress distribution within sheet metal coils. The influence of support condition on the state of stress is investigated for sheet metal on a core alone, and for the cases in which the coil is supported by a drive shaft or core chucks during winding. The radial and width-wise variations of the stress components are calculated and compared in the light of the differences in compliance between the three means of support.

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50

SINGH, RAJBIR, and K. K. RAINA. "ELECTRO-OPTICAL STUDIES IN A FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 19 (2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213500380.

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Symmetric square and triangular wave pulses have been applied across planar cells of different thickness to a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture in the SmC* phase. Dynamic processes of molecular reorientation associated with the helix unwinding and winding by applying bias (-10V -0V - +10V) and taking micrographs simultaneously have been studied. The spontaneous polarization (PS), response time (τR) and torsional viscosity (η) have been studied as a function of temperature, sample thickness and bias voltage. PS follows the relation PS = Po(Tc - T)β. η obeys the Arrhenius relation from 35°C to 60°C with an activation energy of 0.89 eV for 5.0 μm sample thickness. The surface switching in the thin cell is more dominant due to the strong surface pinning effect.

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