Relevant bibliographies by topics / Window shades

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Window shades'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Window shades"

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Luecke, G. R., and J. Slaughter. "Design, Development, and Testing of an Automated Window Shade Controller." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847872.

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An approach to the design of active window shades is developed to control the direct solar gain through a window. Using simple actuation hardware and sensors, a control strategy is presented that automatically adjusts window shades to save HVAC energy by controlling direct solar radiation passing through a window. The control algorithm is based on a simple approach that admits direct light in the winter and blocks the direct light in the summer, while providing shade adjustment that affords maximum visibility through the window. Cloudy skies or indirect sun result in horizontal placement of the shades, and the shades close at night. The implementation uses two thinfilm photovoltaic cells as sensors and a control algorithm that is independent of the window orientation, latitude, or solar time, so that it operates properly in any installation location. Preliminary analytic and test results show significant energy savings when the automatic window shades are compared with a window without shades, and with a window outfitted with fixed horizontal shades.
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Heidari Matin, Negar, Ali Eydgahi, and Payam Matin. "The Effect of Smart Colored Windows on Visual Performance of Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060861.

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The photochromic coating is a promising smart technology that provides different optical properties in response to daylight variations. The application of photochromic coatings with various colors/shades on window glass is one of the current research approaches for finding better energy saving techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a series of photochromic coatings for window glass and measure the impact of such smart technologies on occupants’ visual comfort. This paper examines the visual performance of building facades that utilize windows with different photochromic-coated glass. The visual performance data of three window types coated with nine different photochromic color shades were considered and compared to determine the best photochromic shades and window types that provide optimum visual metrics for the inside of the building. The results show that compared to no-coating glass, both the Daylight Glare Probability and the Useful Daylight Illuminance could be improved by using multi-color coatings that contain equal or different color proportions for photochromic window glass. From an energy-saving point of view, the results indicate that the windows coated with photochromic materials provide a better alternative to the no-coating window products.
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Huchuk, Brent, H. Burak Gunay, William O'Brien, and Cynthia A. Cruickshank. "Model-based predictive control of office window shades." Building Research & Information 44, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1101949.

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Refahi, Amirhossein, Hossein Talkhabi, Abolfazl Rostami, and Abolfazl Hajizadeh Aghdam. "Technical feasibility study of the integration of the solar photovoltaic system for a hospital: a case study of Qom City, Iran." Future Energy 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.3.1.1.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the overall effect of photovoltaic (PV) systems located on the roof and window shades on reducing the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of a hospital in Qom, Iran. The use of solar panels on the roof and windows, in addition to producing Electric power and reduction of electricity consumption, causes shadows on the roof and windows. The created shadow can reduce the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems in particular. In addition, the electrical energy obtained from the solar panels can be used for the purpose of using the hospital lighting system. The thermal simulation for a six-story hospital with an area of 5000 thousand square meters in Qom, located in Iran, was modeled by the Energy Plus simulation engine. Given that 80% of the roof can be used for solar panels. The obtained results show that the use of photovoltaic systems on the roof and window shades can save cooling energy consumption by 18% per year and 32% in summer. In addition, the use of solar panels saves 15% of the electric energy consumption of the fan coil and 30% of the chillers.
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Onders, Bridget, Eun Hye Kim, Thitphalak Chounthirath, Nichole L. Hodges, and Gary A. Smith. "Pediatric Injuries Related to Window Blinds, Shades, and Cords." Pediatrics 141, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): e20172359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2359.

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Park, Kyuin, Sungho Jin, and Gunwoo Kim. "Transparent window film with embedded nano-shades for thermoregulation." Construction and Building Materials 269 (February 2021): 121280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121280.

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Ananna, Chemseddine, David Rapagnani, Andreas Best, Antonino Di Leva, and Gianluca Imbriani. "The SHADES neutron detection array." EPJ Web of Conferences 260 (2022): 11043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226011043.

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The detection of neutrons in low energy astrophysics poses two main problems: low cross section measurement requires high detection efficiency and ideally, beam-induced and external neutron backgrounds should be identified through an energy sensitive detector. In recent years, capture-gated neutron spectroscopy has found new opportunities to grow through new materials and better availability of modern data acquisition systems. In this work we will present the design, expected capabilities and preliminary characterization of the hybrid neutron detector array SHADES. Its purpose is the first direct measurement of the reaction 22Ne(α, n)25Mg in the Gamow window for s-process nucleosynthesis with LUNA-MV in the deep underground environment of the LNGS.
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Poos, L. R., and R. M. Smith. "‘Shades Still on the Window’: A Reply to Zvi Razi." Law and History Review 3, no. 2 (1985): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743636.

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English manorial-court documentation, in many respects unique among European countries for its information pertaining to the bulk of rural dwellers in the middle ages, has long provided the most voluminous evidence for studying many aspects of medieval society. We have no doubt that it will continue to do so; yet, as the metaphorical title of our original essay was intended to convey, the ‘window’ through which we may view this society has finite dimensions. It was our intention to suggest some ways in which these dimensions can be more clearly understood. At its most basic level, then, our concern was with one of the most fundamental questions of legal as well as social history: the relationship between the scope of a legal arena's purview and the society in which that arena operated. Our focus was, however, squarely upon Zvi Razi's attempts at demographic inference from the Halesowen court material because he has made the boldest claims to date for the ability of manorial courts’ recorded transactions to reflect the whole of their communities’ populations and activities.
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Tennakoon, Thilhara, Yin-Hoi Chan, Ka-Chung Chan, Chili Wu, Christopher Yu-Hang Chao, and Sau-Chung Fu. "Energy Performance and Comfort Analysis of Three Glazing Materials with Distinct Thermochromic Responses as Roller Shade Alternative in Cooling- and Heating-Dominated Climates." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2024): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041157.

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Thermochromic (TC) smart windows are a leading passive building design strategy. Vanadium dioxide (VO2), hydrogel and TC-Perovskite glazing, which constitute the main categories of TC materials, modulate different wavelength regions. Although numerous studies have reported on these TC glazings’ energy-saving potential individually, there is a lack of data comparing their energy efficiencies. Moreover, their suitability as an alternative to dynamic solar shading mechanisms remains unexplored. Using building energy simulation, this study found that a hydrogel glazing with broadband thermochromism can save more energy (22–24% savings on average) than opaque roller shades (19–20%) in a typical office in both New York and Hong Kong. VO2 glazing performed comparably to translucent roller shades (14–16% savings), except when used in poorly daylit conditions. TC-Perovskite was a poor replacement for roller shades (~2% savings). The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) that allowed both energy savings and optimal natural light penetration was also identified for each glazing. Hydrogel glazing demonstrated both energy and daylight efficiency in Hong Kong’s cooling-dominated climate when used in 40–50% WWR configurations. In New York’s colder conditions, VO2 glazing did so for higher WWRs (50–70%). Roller shades could also achieve simultaneous energy savings and visual comfort, but only for highly glazed facades (up to 80%).
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Yao, Jian. "IDENTIFYING OCCUPANTS' APPROPRIATE SEATING POSITION AND VIEW DIRECTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A STOCHASTIC SHADE CONTROL BASED MULTIOBJECTIVE VISUAL COMFORT OPTIMIZATION." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.1.15.

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ABSTRACT Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort. This research investigates occupants' appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model. The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions. Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis. Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance. And thus, the appropriate seating position considering occupants' preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Window shades"

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Scott, Clinton Thomas. "Biogeochemical signatures in Precambrian black shales window into the co-evolution of ocean chemistry and life on Earth /." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957331771&SrchMode=2&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268856729&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Ignace, Richard. "Asymmetric Shapes of Radio Recombination Lines from Ionized Stellar Winds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5502.

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Recombination line profile shapes are derived for ionized spherical stellar winds at radio wavelengths. It is assumed that the wind is optically thick owing to free-free opacity. Emission lines of arbitrary optical depth are obtained assuming that the free-free photosphere forms in the outer, constant expansion portion of the wind. Previous works have derived analytic results for isothermal winds when the line and continuum source functions are equal. Here, semi-analytic results are derived for unequal source functions to reveal that line shapes can be asymmetric about line center. A parameter study is presented and applications discussed.
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Collins, Michael R. "Analysis of solar heat gain and thermal transmission for windows with louvered shade systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65668.pdf.

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Stattler, Jeffrey. "Wind-Animated Digital-Tree Shadow as a Means of Improving Windowless Spaces." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12957.

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Windows provide building occupants with important physiological and psychological benefits but are absent from many indoor spaces. It is argued that most existing attempts at compensating for an absence of windows fall short because they lack either outdoor environmental information or sensory stimulation. A wind-animated digital-tree shadow was used to test this hypothesis. The work concludes that the following strategies are likely to help most to compensate for an absence of windows: (1) establishing a live connection with the outdoors; (2) introducing controllable sensory variation into a space; (3) making such change a source of natural environmental information. It is suggested that these approaches could be helpful used either separately or in combinations but that a live connection with the outdoors that introduces controllable naturally-generated change into a space would likely be most effective. The video files that accompany this thesis show the digital shadow with wind and computer generated movement.
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Katyarmal, Preeti P. "Light, Shadow and Wind in Building Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30980.

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Design is about understanding a space. It is about integration of light and air in building design. It is about light, shadow, reflection. It is about wind, its movement and escape. Through designing this project I was able to explore how sun, wind and light can be used effectively in a building design, in my project, in an office environment. The fire, the Light; the energy is the inspiration behind the origin of Architecture. Energy brings architecture into the world of processes and life and Architecture brings together Fire and Shelter, Chaos and Organization. Day lighting or the use of natural light in a building is one of the fundamental elements used to bring an essential experience of visual comfort and outside world environmental stimulation for all building occupants. The History of Architecture, said Le Corbusier, is a history of the struggle for light, the struggle for the window. This thesis assembles the research, conceptualization and final development of the office building design with an integration of light and wind.
Master of Architecture
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Bielskus, Juozas. "Mažo aerodinaminio vamzdžio skaičiavimas ir įrengimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120723_110639-73936.

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Magistro darbe nagrinėjamas mokomasis aerodinaminis vamzdis, su kuriuo bus galima atlikti laboratorinius darbus ir nesudėtingus mokslinius tyrimus. Aptariama aerodinaminio vamzdžio reikšmė studentams, Lietuvos ūkiui ir aplinkosaugai. Taip pat pateikiama, kokius bandymus su aerodinaminiu vamzdžiu bus galima atlikti Pastatų energetikos katedroje. Apžvelgti laboratorijos įrangos gamintojų – Aerolab, G.u.n.t, Armfield, Stirolab, GDJ Inc mokomieji aerodinaminiai vamzdžiai, projektavimo rekomendacijos. Pastatų energetikos katedrai suprojektuotas aerodinaminis vamzdis, papildomai pridėti triukšmo slopintuvai prieš ir už ventiliatoriaus. Taip pat atlikta kompiuterinių programų, kuriomis naudojantis galima atlikti oro srautų moduliaciją, analizė, ir pasirinkus tinkamiausią programą atlikta Pastatų energetikos katedros aerodinaminio vamzdžio darbinės kameros moduliacija. Šio baigiamojo darbo rezultatas – pagamintas ir surinktas mokomasis aerodinaminis vamzdis, kuris bus naudojamas laboratoriniams darbams ir tyrimams atlikti. Darbą sudaro 11 dalys: įvadas, 11 skyrių dėstomoji dalis, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 65 p. teksto be priedų, 39 iliustr., 9 lent., 30 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo grafikai ir priedai.
Masters‘ thesis deals with an educational wind tunnel which is to be used to carry out laboratory works and simple research. It disscuses the importance of wind tunnel for students, Lithuanian economy and environment protection. It also presented tests those can be made with wind tunnel in the department of buildings’ energetics. The educational wind tunnels, design recommendations of the laboratory equipment manufacturer – Aerolab, G.u.n.t, Armfield, Stirolab, GDJ Inc were overviewed. Wind tunnel for department of buildings’ energetics was designed, in addition silencers before and behind the fan were added. There are also made an analysis of computer programs, which enable air flow modulation, and selecting the best program the wind tunnel working chamber modulation of the department of buildings’ energetics was performed. The result of the thesis – produced and assembled educational wind tunnel, which will be used for laboratory work and research. The work consists of eleven parts: introduction, describtion, conclusions, references. Work size – 65 pages without appendixes, 39 figures, 9 tables, 30 references. Appendixes.
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Larson, Christopher Whitford. "The Design and Construction of a 20" x 20" Mach 2.0 Blowdown Wind Tunnel to Characterize the Lift and Drag of Irregularly Shaped Fragments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76968.

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A supersonic wind tunnel, with a 20" x 20'" test section cross sectional area, was designed and constructed at the Techsburg Wind Tunnel Facility in order to determine the lift and drag on irregularly shaped fragments in supersonic flow. Prior to beginning the wind tunnel design process, a blowdown analysis model was created in order to determine the influence of a number of parameters on tunnel run time and test gas properties throughout the tunnel circuit. The design of the settling chamber, test section, supersonic nozzles, diffuser, and exhaust are presented in this thesis. Diffuser performance has a large influence on wind tunnel efficiency and run time. Therefore, significant efforts should be taken in order to attain the highest possible pressure recovery within the diffuser. The design of wind tunnel components, as well as their stress analysis, was conducted using SolidWorks. The control valve and silencer were sized and selected for the expected tunnel operating conditions. Since the control valve tends to encompass a significant portion of the overall tunnel cost, care must be taken to ensure it has a large enough flow capacity to produce the desired test conditions. Also, attempts must be made to accurately predict the total pressure loss through the silencer, since this loss can have a large impact on the total pressure ratio necessary to produce the design Mach number. Upon completion of the design process, the supersonic wind tunnel was assembled, and shakedown testing was conducted. During shakedown testing it was determined that the wind tunnel was capable of producing Mach 2 flow in the test section. Following shakedown testing, a flow survey was conducted in order to ensure uniform Mach number flow exists throughout the region occupied by the fragments. Based on the flow survey it was determined that within the middle 60% of the test section, the average Mach number was 1.950 and varied by only 0.56% within this region. Two irregularly shaped fragments were tested at Mach 2 flow, over an effective 360° pitch sweep, with wind tunnel runs performed every 10 degrees. Based on the measured force data for both fragments, the lift appeared to follow a sinusoidal curve, with minimum values at 0, 90, and 180° balance pitch angle, and maximum values occurring around 45 and 135° pitch angle. The drag force was observed to follow a gradual curve with minimum values at 0 and 180° balance pitch angle, as expected since the fragment presented area is generally least in this orientation. The maximum drag was found to occur at a balance pitch angle of 90°, once again as expected since the fragment presented area is generally greatest at this angle. It was also observed that the fragment drag tended to be greater for a fragment orientation which places the concave side of the fragment into the direction of the flow.
Master of Science
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Al-Mimar, Samer. "Integration of solar and wind power at Lillgrundwind farm. : Wind turbine shadow effect on solar farm atLillgrund wind farm." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energivetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28428.

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The supply of energy is a key factor in modern societies. As the old fossil sources for energy are dwindling, conflicts arise between competing nations and regions. Fossil energy sources also contribute to the pollution of the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. With renewable energy sources many of these drawbacks with fossil fuels can be eliminated as the energy will be readily available for all without cost or environmental impact. Combining the renewable energy sources will be very effective, particularly in commercial areas where lake of electricity is high. The cost of combining onshore wind and solar power plant is affordable. Furthermore there is no power failure or load shedding situation at any times. When it is manufactured in a large scale, cost of this integrated natural resources power generation system is affordable. Moreover there is no power failure or load shedding situation at any times. Therefore, it is the most reliable renewable power or electricity resources with less spending and highly effective production. ref [1]. The thesis work would take planning of offshore renewable plant (Lillgrund) with considering the resources of renewable power. The study would take in account combining the Lillgrund wind farm with solar system and take close look into the advantage and disadvantage of combining the renewable resources together and figure out if such station can work in proper way and provide sufficient power production. The study would take in account the effect of each resource on other resource, also calculations would be done. The study site is Lillgrund in south of Sweden. The Lillgrund wind farm is the most important offshore wind power plant installed in Sweden with a total capacity of 110 MW, corresponding to 48 turbines. ref [2].
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Gan, Leong Kit. "Improving the performance of hybrid wind-diesel-battery systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31482.

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Off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems are known as an attractive and sustainable solution for supplying clean electricity to autonomous consumers. Typically, this applies to the communities that are located in remote or islanded areas where it is not cost-effective to extend the grid facilities to these regions. In addition, the use of diesel generators for electricity supply in these remote locations are proven to be uneconomical due to the difficult terrain which translates into high fuel transportation costs. The use of renewable energy sources, coupling with the diesel generator allows for the diesel fuel to be offset. However, to date, a common design standard for the off-grid system has yet to be found and some challenges still exist while attempting to design a reliable system. These include the sizing of hybrid systems, coordination between the operation of dissimilar power generators and the fluctuating load demands, optimal utilisation of the renewable energy resources and identifying the underlying principles which reduce the reliability of the off-grid systems. In order to address these challenges, this research has first endeavoured into developing a sizing algorithm which particularly seeks the optimal size of the batteries and the diesel generator usage. The batteries and diesel generator function in filling the gap between the power generated from the renewable energy resources and the load demand. Thus, the load requirement is also an important factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of the overall system in the long run. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the assessed renewable energy resources, the load demand, the storage capacity and the diesel generator fuel usage. The thesis also presents the modelling, simulation and experimental work on the proposed hybrid wind-diesel-battery system. These are being implemented with a full-scale system and they are based on the off-the-shelf components. A novel algorithm to optimise the operation of a diesel generator is also proposed. The steady-state and dynamic analysis of the proposed system are presented, from both simulation and an experimental perspective. Three single-phase grid-forming inverters and a fixed speed wind turbine are used as a platform for case studies. The grid-forming inverters adopt droop control method which allows parallel operation of several grid-forming sources. Droop control-based inverters are known as independent and autonomous due to the elimination of intercommunication links among distributed converters. Moreover, the adopted fixed speed wind turbine employs a squirrel cage induction generator which is well known for its robustness, high reliability, simple operation and low maintenance. The results show a good correlation between the modelling, the experimental measurements, and the field tested results. The final stage of this research explores the effect of tower shadow on off-grid systems. Common tower designs for small wind turbine applications, which are the tubular and the lattice configurations, are considered in this work. They generate dissimilar tower shadow profiles due to the difference in structure. In this research, they are analytically modelled for a wind turbine which is being constructed as a downwind configuration. It is proven that tower shadow indeed brings negative consequence to the system, particularly its influence on battery lifetime within an off-grid system. This detrimental effect occurs when power generation closely matches the load demand. In this situation, small frequent charging and discharging cycles or the so called microcycles, take place. The battery lifetime reduction due to these microcycles has been quantified and it is proven that they are not negligible and should be taken into consideration while designing an off-grid hybrid system.
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Vogado, Monique Wesz. "Caracterização aerodinâmica de edifícios altos com planta em formato de “V” através de análise espectral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182977.

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Nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado uma forte tendência de edificações cada vez mais altas, esbeltas e flexíveis, o que exigiu novas considerações no cálculo estrutural de edifícios, tornando a ação do vento um elemento de grande relevância nos projetos. Além disso, o denso agrupamento de edificações nos centros de grandes cidades adicionou uma variável para um fenômeno que já era complexo: devido à proximidade, um edifício passa a influenciar o campo aerodinâmico de outros, podendo provocar grandes alterações nas pressões, além de fenômenos dinâmicos difíceis de determinar por métodos analíticos. Instruções normativas, em geral, limitam-se a prédios altos com padrões arquitetônicos regulares, afastando-se da realidade dos projetos construídos na prática, que vêm exibindo geometrias cada vez mais complexas e não convencionais. Este cenário justifica a realização de extensos estudos dentro do tema em questão, a fim de que se obtenha uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos dinâmicos envolvidos e uma orientação mais abrangente na etapa de pré-dimensionamento da estrutura. Neste contexto, a proposta desta pesquisa consiste em dois estudos de caso, de edifícios construídos no Brasil e ensaiados em túnel de vento, que possuem uma geometria similar (em formato de “V”), mas com dimensões e detalhes arquitetônicos distintos. O objetivo é o de promover uma caracterização aerodinâmica, avaliando os carregamentos atuando global e localmente, tanto para o modelo considerado isolado quanto incluindo as condições de vizinhança. Além das ações, estudou-se o espectro do vento que se aproxima, e determinou-se as funções de admitância aerodinâmica correspondentes. Em ambos os edifícios, verificou-se que a incidência do vento aproximadamente perpendicular a uma das abas corresponde a uma direção crítica em termos de efeitos dinâmicos: os espectros dos carregamentos globais se mostraram muito similares, apresentando picos pronunciados que indicam a possibilidade de desprendimento cadenciado de vórtices; as funções de admitância aerodinâmica também evidenciaram um formato muito semelhante. O estudo em questão oferece um meio de validação para estudos futuros que utilizem modelos de ensaio simplificados, além de servir de referência para uma possível revisão da norma brasileira NBR 6123/1988 – Forças devidas ao vento em edificações, contribuindo com os avanços do conhecimento relativo a efeitos dinâmicos do vento em edifícios altos e irregulares.
In the last decades we observed a strong trend in constructing buildings increasingly tall, slender and flexible, which has asked for new consideration in the structural calculus of buildings, making the wind a relevant element in the design procedures. The grouping of buildings downtown in big cities has added another variable to an already complex phenomenon: due to the proximity, a building influences in the aerodynamic field of others, leading to pressure modifications and dynamic effects hard to determine by analytical methods. Instruction codes, in general, are limited to regular tall buildings, in contrast to the reality of projects built in practice, which have been exhibiting architectonic patterns increasingly complex and unconventional. This scenario justifies extensive studies among aerodynamic of irregular tall buildings, with the purpose of acquiring a better comprehension regarding the dynamic phenomena involved and a more accurate direction on the pre-design phase. In this context, the proposal of this research consists of two case studies about buildings constructed in Brazil and tested in wind tunnel, which have a similar geometry (V-shaped) but different dimensions and architectonic details. The objective is to promote a complete aerodynamic characterization, assessing the loads acting as a whole and also locally, with both isolated and interference conditions. Besides the action, the velocity spectrum of the approaching wind and the corresponding aerodynamic admittance were studied. Either case, it was verified that the wind incidence nearly perpendicular to one of the frontal facades is a critical direction from the perspective of dynamic effects: the spectra of global loads were very similar, with a peak emerging on the graphs, which indicate the possibility of vortex shedding; the admittance function also showed a very close format. This study offers an instrument of validation for future researches that use simplified test models, besides to fit as a reference to a possible revision of the Brazilian code NBR 6123/1988 – Wind load on building structures, contributing to the knowledge advances regarding dynamic effects on irregular tall buildings.
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Books on the topic "Window shades"

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Lindahl, Judy. The shade book: Roman, cloud, balloon, roller shades, shade toppers and more. Portland, OR: Lindahl, 1992.

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Lang, Donna. Make it with style: Window shades. New York: Clarkson Potter Publisher, 1996.

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Stoehr, Kathleen. The window decorating book. Orange, Calif: Charles Randall, 2009.

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Marie, Soto Anne, and Simplicity Pattern Co, eds. Simplicity's quick & easy sewing for the home. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1995.

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Huls, Mary Ellen. Window treatments: A bibliography of current literature. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1986.

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Fairchild, Roseann. Window shopping with Kirsch. Edited by Cooper Industries and Kirsch Company. [S.l.]: Cooper Industries, 1986.

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Moore, Gina. The window style bible. Iola, Wis: Krause, 2008.

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Jill, Connors, and Hunter Douglas Inc, eds. Beautiful windows: Stylish solutions from Hunter Douglas window fashions. [United States]: Hunter Douglas, 2001.

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Tawater, Bobbie. The designer's guide to window coverings. Fort Worth, Tex. (P.O. Box 6007, Ft. Worth 76115): G-T Designs, 1986.

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Linton, Mary Fox. Window style. London: Conran Octopus, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Window shades"

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Diksith, S., Roshan S. Shetty, B. Swarnika, and Prakash Rao Gurpur. "Optimizing Building Orientation, Window-to-Wall Ratio, and Calculated Solar Shades and Strategies to Enhance the Building’s Daylight Performance and Energy-Saving Potential." In Sustainable Resilient Built Environments, 549–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8811-2_46.

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Easttom, Chuck, William Butler, Jessica Phelan, Ramya Sai Bhagavatula, Sean Steuber, Karely Rodriguez, Victoria Indy Balkissoon, and Zehra Naseer. "Windows Shadow Copy." In Windows Forensics, 207–30. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0193-8_7.

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Bitar, Philip. "Combining Windows." In Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors, 1–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3604-8_1.

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Namatende-Sakwa, Lydia. "18. Wiping the Smudge off the Window." In Migrant Academics’ Narratives of Precarity and Resilience in Europe, 181–90. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0331.18.

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In this narrative, the author shares her painful journey, having left a young family—husband, and children (two and a half months, four, and two years old), to pursue a PhD in the UK. Her encounters with racism interweaved with feelings of guilt for leaving her family paint a picture of precariousness informed by identity markers of race, sex and class.
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Backwell, Ben. "China shakes the wind industry." In Wind Power, 41–65. 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315112534-4.

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MacDonald, Matthew. "Shapes, Brushes, and Transforms." In Pro WPF in C# 2010: Windows Presentation Foundation in .NET 4.0, 333–74. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-7204-5_12.

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Tyszkiewicz, Jakub. "Economic Negotiations in the Shadow of Politics." In The Open Window into the Soviet Bloc, 127–37. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003318828-12.

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Subashini, M., and M. Ramaswamy. "MPPT Controller for Partially Shaded Solar PV System." In Wind and Solar Energy Applications, 333–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003321897-25.

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Dun, Jingyu, and Sanyuan Zhang. "System Locating License Plates with Shadow Based on Self-adaptive Window Size Technique." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 127–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3969-0_15.

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Eicke, Anselm, Laima Eicke, and Manfred Hafner. "Wind Power Generation." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 171–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_10.

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AbstractWind power plays a major role in the decarbonization of the power sector. Already now, it supplies increasing shares of the global energy demand. This book chapter provides an overview on the economics of wind energy and highlight global trends in the wind sector. It describes the technical characteristics of onshore and offshore wind energy and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of the respective technologies. The authors describe how wind power, as an intermittent source of energy, can be integrated into power systems. They also discuss how renewable energy support schemes contribute in fostering the deployment of wind power.
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Conference papers on the topic "Window shades"

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Naraghi, Mohammad H. "Simplified Approaches for Solar Energy Modeling and Tracking." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37960.

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Use of spreadsheets to model complex solar radiation calculations is described. The solar tracking equations are presented and the equations are used to determine shading on a fenestration by external horizontal and vertical shades. The orientation of window and dates were changed to observe their effect on the percentage of shades on the fenestration. Additionally, a spreadsheet based on the monthly clearness index method was used to determine monthly and annual solar radiation on an arbitrarily oriented surface. The solver of the spreadsheet was utilized to obtain the surface orientation for the maximum annual insolation.
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Drake, David, and John Stewart Preston. "A Case Study on the Merits and Design of a Solar Powered Internet of Things: Intelligent Window Shades." In American Solar Energy Society National Solar Conference 2016. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/solar.2016.01.05.

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Schiller, Noah H., Randolph H. Cabell, Juan D. Quinones, and Nathan C. Wier. "Active Damping Using Distributed Anisotropic Actuators." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37503.

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A helicopter structure experiences substantial high-frequency mechanical excitation from powertrain components such as gearboxes and drive shafts. The resulting structure-borne vibration excites the windows which then radiate sound into the passenger cabin. In many cases the radiated sound power can be reduced by adding damping. This can be accomplished using passive or active approaches. Passive treatments such as constrained layer damping tend to reduce window transparency. Therefore this paper focuses on an active approach utilizing compact decentralized control units distributed around the perimeter of the window. Each control unit consists of a triangularly shaped piezoelectric actuator, a miniature accelerometer, and analog electronics. Earlier work has shown that this type of system can increase damping up to approximately 1 kHz. However at higher frequencies the mismatch between the distributed actuator and the point sensor caused control spillover. This paper describes new anisotropic actuators that can be used to improve the bandwidth of the control system. The anisotropic actuators are composed of piezoelectric material sandwiched between interdigitated electrodes, which enables the application of the electric field in a preferred in-plane direction. When shaped correctly the anisotropic actuators outperform traditional isotropic actuators by reducing the mismatch between the distributed actuator and point sensor at high frequencies. Testing performed on a Plexiglas panel, representative of a helicopter window, shows that the control units can increase damping at low frequencies. However high frequency performance was still limited due to the flexible boundary conditions present on the test structure.
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Yang, J., L. Lolle, and J. Poll. "Theory of the high frequency wind in interaction-induced spectra." In Spectral line shapes. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39903.

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Hall, Matthew, and Patrick Connolly. "Coupled Dynamics Modelling of a Floating Wind Farm With Shared Mooring Lines." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78489.

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This work presents a coupling of numerical models to allow simulation of a farm of floating wind turbines in which some mooring lines are shared between platforms. This shared mooring approach has potential to reduce mooring costs for floating offshore wind farms, but introduces additional complexity in system behaviour and design considerations for which new simulation capabilities are needed. Multiple instances of the FAST floating wind turbine simulator are coupled modularly to the MoorDyn mooring system simulator to achieve a coupled simulation of a full shared-mooring floating wind farm. The model is demonstrated on a square-shaped four-turbine shared mooring farm configuration in the presence of irregular waves and turbulent winds. Results show reasonable behaviour of the platform motions, with surge displacements under wind and wave loading that reflect the complex restoring properties of the shared mooring arrangement. Varying phase relationships in the platforms’ motions arising from their spatial offsets in the sea state show that the shared mooring lines will see different excitation at either end. Fluctuations in the mooring line tensions bear out this fact, and also show the importance of line dynamics in these shared mooring arrangements. In particular, the shared mooring lines show a greater tendency for resonance due to the absence of seabed contact.
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Gholb, Youssef El, Mohamed El Bakkali, Ahmed Mounsef, Ikram Tabakh, and Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi. "A 9-shaped antenna for 5G applications." In 2017 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wincom.2017.8238153.

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Bauer, A., M. Godon, J. Carlier, and Q. Ma. "Water vapor absorption in MMW atmospheric windows. Continuums." In Proceedings of the 12th International conference on spectral line shapes. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47460.

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Strickland, W. S., Mark Anderson, and Dov Dover. "Blast-Resistant Window Concepts." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1831.

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Terrorist bombs threaten American civilians and military personnel both at home and abroad. Analysis of data from previous terror attacks indicates the largest number of injuries result from projected glass shards from shattered windows and facades. Three key issues have led to increased interest in new window materials, as well as changes in building design codes: (1) actual terror attacks; (2) the threat of future terror attacks; and (3) monetary losses due to hurricanes. New protective products include a wide variation of films and laminated glasses for retrofit / replacement. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) research has shown that these protective films will reduce the fragmentation of the enclosed glass. However, protective films that are not anchored will not provide retention of the film/glass system under the severe blast loadings expected from terror bombs. The paper introduces the Flex window, a patent-pending blast-resistant window developed at AFRL, along with key design concepts. In addition, the paper presents results from actual blast tests of the Flex window. Tabular data and photo-documentation is used to illustrate the ability of the Flex window to handle blast pressures a full order of magnitude greater than the typical commercial “blast proof” window. New AFRL methods for modeling both exterior and interior loading functions are presented. In addition, possible response modes are discussed, based on observations of high-speed video recordings.
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Aniemena, Chigozie, Thomas Hailu, Allen LaBryer, Kirke Suter, and Nathan Churchwell. "Volumetric Fracture Stage Spacing Optimization in Shale Reservoirs Using Rate Transient Analytics – Haynesville, Eagle Ford and Permian Applications." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217823-ms.

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Abstract This paper addresses the problem of volumetric fracture stage spacing optimization using multi-well rate transient analytics with explicit semi-analytical consideration of stress shadows. A permeability contrast description of the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is presented and supported by dual porosity reservoir simulation and RNP diagnostic of late life Haynesville shale production data. The k-contrast drainage volume is characterized by a depth of stimulation Xd adjacent to the hydraulic fracture face in which effective permeability is significantly enhanced relative to unstimulated matrix permeability A key implication of k-contrast SRV in shales is that significant hydrocarbon volumes may remain unrecovered under initial reservoir pressure even in depleted late life wells due to sub optimal fracture stage spacing. Reduced order models (ROM) enable deconvolution of the k-contrast SRV to quantify the effect of stress shadows in terms of fracture stage efficiency. The process also enables estimation of effective stage spacing and effective permeability in the stimulated zone. In the process of ROM parameter estimation, the Boussinesq solution for deformation and stress distribution in a linear elastic half space under load is used to estimate the critical stage length at which stress shadow effect is negligible. SRV deconvolution results enable generation of spacing performance curves for well specific performance sensitivity studies across variations of stage lengths and stress shadow severity. Results from workflow deployment in Permian, Eagle Ford and Haynesville shale plays indicate that wells across all vintages are predominantly in volumetrically suboptimal states. Fracture stage efficiency in company operated Permian, Eagle Ford and Haynesville, is estimated at ~40% at 200 ft stage spacing. The implication is that at 200 ft, the effective stage spacing in the stimulated reservoir volume is more than twice the designed stage spacing at the surface leaving significant hydrocarbon volumes stranded by stress shadows. Spacing performance curves indicate that tighter stage present recovery upside, however, stress shadows significantly dampen performance scaling thereby increasing the economic burden of achieving volumetrically optimized fracture stage spacing. In Eagle Ford dry (gas window) stage tightening from 250 ft to 150 ft is estimated to yield an EUR uplift of ~26%. Without stress shadow effects, EUR uplift is estimated at ~190%. The workflow is extended to perforation cluster level analysis and reveals a maximum cluster efficiency of 10-13% in Eagle Ford and Haynesville and 25% in Permian. Therefore, in this work, tighter stage spacing, and lower perforation density is considered the preferred well performance optimization pathway in line with the findings of a joint industry surveillance project (Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 1- Phase 3). Multi-Pass completions and responsive refracs are proposed to mitigate or compensate for drainage limitations from stress shadows towards transformational uplift in shale well performance.
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Cheng, Q., and K. Komvopoulos. "Surface Chemical Patterning for Controlled Cell Adhesion." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15134.

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Thin films exhibiting nonfouling behavior toward protein and cell attachment were grafted onto different substrates by plasma polymerization and deposition. By combining nonfouling film grafting and partial film etching by Ar ion sputtering through the windows of a shadow mask (Si or PDMS), chemical patterns of different shapes and sizes were produced on polymer substrates. Results from cell culture studies illustrate the effectiveness of the present fabrication process to produce surface micropatterns for controlling the cell shape and morphology, with direct implications in vascular pathology.
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Reports on the topic "Window shades"

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Wormhoudt, J., and R. C. Brown. Molecular Line Shape Effects on Atmospheric Window Absorption. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196316.

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Wenren, Yonghu, Luke Allen, and Robert Haehnel. SAGE-PEDD user manual. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44960.

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SAGE-PEDD is a computational model for estimating snowdrift shapes around buildings. The main inputs to the model are wind speed, wind direction, building geometry and initial ground or snow-surface topography. Though developed mainly for predicting snowdrift shapes, it has the flexibility to accept other soil types, though this manual addresses snow only. This manual provides detailed information for set up, running, and viewing the output of a SAGE-PEDD simulation.
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Mitra, Sudeshna, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Deepika Jha, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Mukesh Yadav. Land Records Modernisation in India: Haryana. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648511.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Haryana. The state offers a unique window into the regional diversity of land systems in India; it underwent a large-scale land consolidation exercise in 1950s, and features rectangular land parcels of equal area, and a share-system of joint landholdings with limited spatial demarcation. Technologically, the state has an integrated system of land record management, and continues to make advances. Haryana is also one of the country’s most prolific real estate markets, attracting some of the largest private sector investment. However, the land records management system remains primarily rural, and does not yet capture the realities of an urban property landscape and the transition into a fragmented, individualised private property system.
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Maguire, Karen, Sophia J. Tanner, Justin B. Winikoff, and Ryan Williams. Utility-scale solar and wind development in rural areas. [Washington, D.C.]: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8374829.ers.

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This report examines land cover and land cover change associated with solar and wind farms over the period 2009-20. Wind development has been expanding since the late 1990s and comprises a larger share of renewable capacity than solar; most solar farms were installed after 2016. Due to decreasing costs and new or existing policies promoting renewable development, the pace is expected to increase. The amount of land cover directly affected by solar and wind is estimated to be small relative to the amount of farmland. Still, more than 90 percent of wind turbines and 70 percent of solar farms in rural areas were sited on agricultural land. There are large regional differences in the distribution of solar and wind development. Further, even in years where no development occurred, land cover changed more frequently on land used for solar than wind, suggesting that solar and wind were sited on different types of land. Agricultural land surrounding wind turbines typically maintained agricultural land cover after development, while approximately 15 percent of land surrounding solar farms shifted out of agriculture. This suggests that wind is compatible with agriculture and that there is some land use competition between farmland and solar farms.
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Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, Adrian Chappell, and Sandra LeGrand. Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40499.

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Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to undermine aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained across scales from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the albedo model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that profile-derived estimates of u* are highly variable in anisotropic surface roughness due to changes in wind direction and fetch. Wind speed profiles poorly estimate soil surface (bed) wind friction velocities necessary for aeolian sediment transport research and modeling. Albedo-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because the estimate is integrated over a defined, fixed area and resolves the partition of wind momentum be-tween roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based calibration of albedo for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (us*) is applicable across scales. The albedo-based approach enables consistent and reliable drag partition correction across scales for model and field estimates of us* necessary for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.
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Housner, Stein, and Daniel Mulas Hernando. Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison of Floating Wind Farms With and Without Shared Anchors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2348901.

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Nobile, F., Q. Ayoul-Guilmard, S. Ganesh, M. Nuñez, A. Kodakkal, C. Soriano, and R. Rossi. D6.5 Report on stochastic optimisation for wind engineering. Scipedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2022.3.04.

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This report presents the latest methods of optimisation under uncertainties investigated in the ExaQUte project, and their applications to problems related to civil and wind engineering. The measure of risk throughout the report is the conditional value at risk. First, the reference method is presented: the derivation of sensitivities of the risk measure; their accurate computation; and lastly, a practical optimisation algorithm with adaptive statistical estimation. Second, this method is directly applied to a nonlinear relaxation oscillator (FitzHugh–Nagumo model) with numerical experiments to demonstrate its performance. Third, the optimisation method is adapted to the shape optimisation of an airfoil and illustrated by a large-scale experiment on a computing cluster. Finally, the benchmark of the shape optimisation of a tall building under a turbulent flow is presented, followed by an adaptation of the optimisation method. All numerical experiments showcase the open-source software stack of the ExaQUte project for large-scale computing in a distributed environment.
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Ryan, J. J., A. Zagorevski, N. R. Cleven, A J Parsons, and N. L. Joyce. Architecture of pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326062.

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West-central Yukon and eastern Alaska are characterized by widespread metamorphic rocks that form part of the allochthonous, composite Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin. Structural windows through the Yukon-Tanana terrane expose parautochthonous North American margin in that broad region, particularly as mid-Cretaceous extensional core complexes. Both the Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin share the same Late Devonian history, making their discrimination difficult; however, distinct post-Late Devonian magmatic and metamorphic histories assist in discriminating Yukon-Tanana terrane from parautochthonous North American margin rocks. The suture between Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin is obscured by many episodes of high-strain deformation. Their main bounding structure is probably a Jurassic to Cretaceous thrust, which has been locally reactivated as a mid-Cretaceous extensional shear zone. Crustal-scale structures within composite Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g. the Yukon River shear zone) are commonly marked by discontinuous mafic-ultramafic complexes. Some of these complexes represent orogenic peridotites that were structurally exhumed into the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Middle Permian.
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Lee, Eleanor S., Christoph Gehbauer, Anothai Thanachareonkit, Luis L. Fernandes, and Taoning Wang. Dual-Zone Solar Control Indoor Shade: Demonstration at the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, 1301 Clay Street, Oakland, California and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Windows Testbed, Berkeley, California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1506291.

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Michalski, A,, D. Andersson, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D7.1 DELIVERY OF GEOMETRY AND COMPUTATIONAL MODEL. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.020.

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This document describes the industrial application, on which the developments of the project are implemented, and the CFD set-up. The developments are implemented over six analysis cases with increasing complexity starting from a 2D geometry with mean wind inflow to a 3D geometry with turbulent inflow and real-time shape optimization. The application represents the CAARC tall building model, which has served as a benchmark model for many studies since the 1970’s when it was first developed. Base moments (bending and torsional moments) of the building are extracted for validation by comparison of the results with the benchmark study. Page 3 of 19 Deliverable 7.1
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