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Journal articles on the topic 'Winds Trade winds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hartley, Treena Marie, and Yi-Leng Chen. "Characteristics of Summer Trade Wind Rainfall over Oahu." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 6 (2010): 1797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222328.1.

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Abstract In this study, characteristics of summer trade wind rainfall over Oahu, Hawaii, are analyzed. In the early morning before sunrise, flow deceleration on the windward coastal area is the greatest when the island land surface is the coldest. Furthermore, relatively calm winds are found over central Oahu between the Ko’olau Mountains and the Waianae Mountains, with weak westerly katabatic winds on the windward side of the Waianae Mountains. Most windward stations have an early morning rainfall maximum with a secondary rainfall maximum in the early evening. Morning (afternoon) land (sea) b

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2

de Farias, Eduardo G. G., João A. Lorenzzetti, and Bertrand Chapron. "Swell and Wind-Sea Distributions over the Mid-Latitude and Tropical North Atlantic for the Period 2002–2008." International Journal of Oceanography 2012 (March 8, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/306723.

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We present an analysis of wind-sea and swell fields for mid-latitude and tropical Atlantic for the period 2002–2008 using a combination of satellite data (altimeter significant wave height and scatterometer surface winds) and model results (spectrum peak wave period and propagation direction). Results show a dominance of swell over wind-sea regimes throughout the year. A small but clear decrease in swell energy and an associated increase in wind-sea potential growth were observed in the NE trade winds zone. A seasonal summertime increase in wind-sea energy in the Amazon River mouth and adjacen

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3

Jenkinson, Daniel. "Harnessing International Trade Winds." Research World 2015, no. 50 (2015): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rwm3.20193.

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4

Dirks, Patricia L. "Natasha Barrett: Trade Winds." Computer Music Journal 34, no. 1 (2010): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj.2010.34.1.114.

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5

Hitzl, David Eugene, Yi-Leng Chen, and Feng Hsiao. "Wintertime Easterly and Southeasterly Airflow in the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 4 (2020): 1337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0042.1.

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Abstract During the wintertime, easterly (E) to southeasterly (SE) flow in the Hawaiian coastal waters is frequent. These wind regimes alter the location and magnitude of channel and tip jet accelerations and the orientation and horizontal extent of the wake zones from east-northeast (ENE) trade wind conditions. The differences are the result of changes in orographic blocking by the Big Island and Maui, with respect to the prevailing wind. During an E wind event, the fastest winds over the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel (&gt;9 m s−1) occur in the channel exit with sinking of the inversion, which rise

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6

Cécé, Raphaël, Didier Bernard, Christophe d’Alexis, and Jean-François Dorville. "Numerical Simulations of Island-Induced Circulations and Windward Katabatic Flow over the Guadeloupe Archipelago." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 2 (2014): 850–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00119.1.

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Abstract This article deals with the first high-resolution numerical modeling of the weather over the small and high islands of the Guadeloupe archipelago. Its main goal is to analyze the mechanisms that drive local-scale airflow circulations over this archipelago, using the 1-km Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Three meteorological situations corresponding to weak trade winds (WTW), medium trade winds (MTW), and strong trade winds (STW) have been selected and are linked with local Froude number values of 0.21, 0.41, and 0.82, respectively. For these three weather types, simulated

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7

Xiang, Baoqiang, Bin Wang, Juan Li, Ming Zhao, and June-Yi Lee. "Understanding the Anthropogenically Forced Change of Equatorial Pacific Trade Winds in Coupled Climate Models*." Journal of Climate 27, no. 22 (2014): 8510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00115.1.

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Abstract Understanding the change of equatorial Pacific trade winds is pivotal for understanding the global mean temperature change and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) property change. The weakening of the Walker circulation due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing was suggested as one of the most robust phenomena in current climate models by examining zonal sea level pressure gradient over the tropical Pacific. This study explores another component of the Walker circulation change focusing on equatorial Pacific trade wind change. Model sensitivity experiments demonstrate that

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8

Ajami, Riad A. "Trade Winds Across the Pacific." Journal of Asia-Pacific Business 13, no. 1 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2012.645734.

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9

Zhang, Yongxin, Yi-Leng Chen, and Kevin Kodama. "Validation of the Coupled NCEP Mesoscale Spectral Model and an Advanced Land Surface Model over the Hawaiian Islands. Part II: A High Wind Event*." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 6 (2005): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf892.1.

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Abstract A high wind event (14–15 February 2001) over the Hawaiian Islands associated with a cold front is simulated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Mesoscale Spectral Model (MSM) coupled with an advanced land surface model (LSM). During this period, a strong high pressure cell moved to the northeast of the Hawaiian Islands following the passage of the cold front. The cell then merged with the semipermanent subtropical high and resulted in windy conditions across the state of Hawaii. Analyses of soundings from Lihue on Kauai and Hilo on the Big Island reveal a me

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10

Marrero-Betancort, Nerea, Javier Marcello, Dionisio Rodríguez Esparragón, and Santiago Hernández-León. "Wind variability in the Canary Current during the last 70 years." Ocean Science 16, no. 4 (2020): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-951-2020.

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Abstract. Climate evolves following natural variability, and knowledge of these trends is of paramount importance to understand future scenarios in the frame of global change. Obtaining local data is also of importance since climatic anomalies depend on the geographical area. In this sense, the Canary Current is located in one of the major eastern boundary current systems and is mainly driven by the trade winds. The latter promote Ekman transport and give rise to one of the most important upwelling zones of the world on the northwest African coast. Nearly 30 years ago, Bakun (1990) raised a hy

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11

Heinloo, J., and A. Toompuu. "Modelling Turbulence Effect in Formation of Zonal Winds." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 2, no. 1 (2008): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010249.

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A turbulence-affected mechanism of formation of zonal winds in the Earth’s troposphere is discussed from the perspective of the theory of rotationally anisotropic turbulence (the RAT theory). The turbulence effect is explained as an action of the turbulence rotational viscosity introduced within the RAT theory to characterize the shear in relative rotation (determined as the difference between the average angular velocity of eddy rotation and the vorticity of the average velocity field). The effect manifests in the form of an additive correction to the wind velocity predicted by the geostrophi

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12

Jury, Mark R. "Hazardous waves from winter trade winds?" Regional Studies in Marine Science 28 (April 2019): 100590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100590.

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13

Foltz, Gregory R., Michael J. McPhaden, and Rick Lumpkin. "A Strong Atlantic Meridional Mode Event in 2009: The Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics*." Journal of Climate 25, no. 1 (2012): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00150.1.

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Abstract In the first half of 2009, anomalous cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial North Atlantic (ENA; 2°–12°N) triggered a strong Atlantic meridional mode event. During its peak in April–May, SSTs in the ENA were 1°C colder than normal and SSTs in the equatorial South Atlantic (5°S–0°) were 0.5°C warmer than normal. Associated with the SST gradient were anomalous northerly winds, an anomalous southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, and severe flooding in Northeast Brazil. This study uses in situ and satellite observations to examine the mechanisms respo

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Hitzl, David Eugene, Yi-Leng Chen, and Hiep Van Nguyen. "Numerical Simulations and Observations of Airflow through the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 12 (2014): 4696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00312.1.

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Abstract During the summer, sustained winds in the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii, may exceed 20 m s−1 with higher gusts. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to diagnose airflow in the Hawaiian coastal waters. High-resolution (2 km) runs are performed for July 2005 covering the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel and nested in a 6-km state domain. Under normal trade wind conditions (7–8 m s−1), winds at the channel entrance are 1–2 m s−1 faster than upstream due to the convergence of the deflected airflows by the islands of Maui and Hawaii, and accelerate through the channel due

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15

Romero-Centeno, Rosario, Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo, and G. B. Raga. "Midsummer Gap Winds and Low-Level Circulation over the Eastern Tropical Pacific." Journal of Climate 20, no. 15 (2007): 3768–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4220.1.

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Abstract The low-level seasonal and intraseasonal wind variability over the northeastern tropical Pacific (NETP), its relationship with other variables, and the connection with large- and middle-scale atmospheric patterns are analyzed using a suite of datasets. Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind data show that the low-level circulation over the NETP is mainly affected by the northerly trades, the southerly trades, and the wind jets crossing through the Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama mountain gaps. The seasonal and intraseasonal evolution of these wind systems determines the circulation pat

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16

Janecek, Thomas R., and David K. Rea. "Quaternary Fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere Trade Winds and Westerlies." Quaternary Research 24, no. 2 (1985): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90002-x.

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The mass accumulation rate and grain size of the total colian component isolated from pelagic sediment in two North Pacific cores, piston core KK75-02 under the prevailing westerlies and Deep-Sea Drilling Project Site 503 beneath the trade winds, have been used to evaluate changes in the intensity of atmospheric circulation and source-area aridity over the past 700,000 yr. The eolian grain size, a direct indicator of wind intensity, fluctuates at periodicities similar to those calculated for the earth's orbital parameters of precession, obliquity, and eccentricity. Both sites display greater v

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17

Green, Brian, and John Marshall. "Coupling of Trade Winds with Ocean Circulation Damps ITCZ Shifts." Journal of Climate 30, no. 12 (2017): 4395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0818.1.

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The position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is sensitive to the atmosphere’s hemispheric energy balance, lying in the hemisphere most strongly heated by radiative and turbulent surface energy fluxes. This study examines how the ocean circulation, through its cross-equatorial energy transport and associated surface energy fluxes, affects the ITCZ’s response to an imposed interhemispheric heating contrast in a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. Shifts of the ITCZ are strongly damped owing to a robust coupling between the atmosphere’s Hadley cells and the ocean’s su

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18

Blasingame, Tom. "Survive, Revive, Thrive: Chapter 8: Trade Winds." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (2021): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0006-jpt.

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Aging is not lost youth, but a new stage of opportunity and strength. - Betty Friedan, American feminist, 1921-2006 (Cofounder of the National Organization for Women) Where Are We Going? If one does not know to which port one is sailing, no wind is favorable. - Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Roman statesman, 4 BC-65 AD The most challenging aspect of creating a monthly column is to try to balance mission (i.e., long-term strategy), contemporary events (i.e., things happening now), and the urgent (i.e., news you need to know). This column will have a bit of all three. I chose “trade winds” as the theme

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19

Hamada, Trenton, Irene Terry, Robert Roemer, and Thomas E. Marler. "Potential Drift of Pollen of Cycas micronesica on the Island of Guam: A Comparative Study." HortScience 50, no. 7 (2015): 1106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.7.1106.

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We have investigated the potential movement on air currents of pollen from Guam’s native cycad, Cycas micronesica, proposed as ambophilic. We measured wind velocities and directions in different cycad habitats that vary in their exposure to trade winds, determined pollen settling velocities, and then modeled the potential horizontal pollen drift distance in each habitat. Similar measurements were performed on several entomophilous Zamia cycads and six zoophilous tropical trees used in horticulture or landscaping. All cycad species’ pollen exhibited relatively slow mean settling velocities (0.7

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20

Watson, Campbell D., Ronald B. Smith, and Alison D. Nugent. "Processes Controlling Precipitation in Shallow, Orographic, Trade Wind Convection." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 8 (2015): 3051–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0333.1.

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Abstract A sharp reduction in precipitation was observed on the island of Dominica in the Caribbean during a 2011 field campaign when the trade winds weakened and convection transitioned from mechanically to thermally driven. The authors propose four hypotheses for this reduction, which relate to (i) the triggering mechanism, (ii) dry-air entrainment, (iii) giant sea-salt aerosol, and (iv) small-island-derived aerosol. The plausibility of the first three hypotheses is the focus of this study. Aircraft observations show the dynamics of the orographic cumulus clouds at flight level are surprisin

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21

Carlis, DaNa L., Yi-Leng Chen, and Vernon R. Morris. "Numerical Simulations of Island-Scale Airflow over Maui and the Maui Vortex under Summer Trade Wind Conditions." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 7 (2010): 2706–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr3236.1.

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Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled with the Noah land surface model (LSM) is employed to simulate island-scale airflow and circulations over Maui County, Hawaii, under summer trade wind conditions, during July–August 2005. The model forecasts are validated by surface observations with good agreement. In this study, it is shown that a previously known closed circulation over the Central Valley of Maui, or the Maui vortex, represents the northern cyclonic vortex of the dual-counter-rotating vortices in the lee of Haleakala, which extend

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22

Slizhе, M. O., A. B. Semergei-Chumachenko, and El Hadri Youssef. "Current distribution of wind in Morocco." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 17 (October 29, 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.17.2016.07.

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Information about wind is widely used in many sectors of the economy. Wind also causes many dangerous and extreme weather events. Modern climate changes require a certain revision of weather patterns previously accepted for the area. This article provides information on the current space and time distribution of wind characteristics within the territory of Morocco. During the period of 2005-2014 some monthly average wind speed values and data on repeatability of wind directions by gradations were obtained on the basis of physical and statistical analysis of results of observations of wind spee

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23

Windhorst, D., T. Waltz, E. Timbe, H. G. Frede, and L. Breuer. "Impact of elevation and weather patterns on the isotopic composition of precipitation in a tropical montane rainforest." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 1 (2013): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-409-2013.

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Abstract. This study presents the spatial and temporal variability of δ18O and δ2H isotope signatures in precipitation of a south Ecuadorian montane cloud forest catchment (San Francisco catchment). From 2 September to 25 December 2010, event sampling of open rainfall was conducted along an altitudinal transect (1800 to 2800 m a.s.l.) to investigate possible effects of altitude and weather conditions on the isotope signature. The spatial variability is mainly affected by the altitude effect. The event based δ18O altitude effect for the study area averages −0.22‰ × 100 m−1 (δ2H: −1.12‰ × 100 m−

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Windhorst, D., T. Waltz, H. G. Frede, and L. Breuer. "Impact of elevation and weather patterns on the isotopic composition of precipitation in a tropical montane rainforest." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (2012): 8425–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8425-2012.

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Abstract. This study presents the spatial and temporal variability of δ18O and δ2H isotope signatures in precipitation of a south Ecuadorian montane cloud forest catchment (San Francisco Catchment). From 2 September to 25 December 2010, event sampling of open rainfall was conducted along an altitudinal transect (1800 m a.s.l. to 2800 m a.s.l.) to investigate possible effects of altitude and weather conditions on the isotope signature. The spatial variability is mainly affected by the altitude effect. The event based δ18O altitude effect for the study area averages −0.22‰ × 100 m−1 (δ2H: −1.12‰

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25

Yang, Yang, Yi-Leng Chen, and Francis M. Fujioka. "Numerical Simulations of the Island-Induced Circulations over the Island of Hawaii during HaRP." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 12 (2005): 3693–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3053.1.

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Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)/land surface model (LSM) is used to simulate the diurnal island-scale circulations over the island of Hawaii during the Hawaiian Rainband Project (HaRP, 11 July–24 August 1990). The model is initialized with the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. The diurnal variations of the land–sea thermal contrast at the land surface and the planetary boundary layer at Hilo, Hawaii, are well simulated. The main discrepancy occurs on the leeside areas of mountains or ridges below the trade wind inversion (2 km), where the simulat

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Esteban, Mary Ann, and Yi-Leng Chen. "The Impact of Trade Wind Strength on Precipitation over the Windward Side of the Island of Hawaii." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 3 (2008): 913–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2059.1.

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Abstract The effects of trade wind strength and the diurnal heating cycle on the production of summer trade wind rainfall on the windward side of the island of Hawaii are examined from the data collected from the Hawaiian Rainband Project (HaRP) during 11 July–24 August 1990 and from National Weather Service Hydronet and National Climatic Data Center rain gauge data during 11 July–24 August for the years 1997–2000. For strong trades, the daily rainfall totals on the windward lowlands west of Hilo are higher with a nocturnal maximum there due to the convergence of the katabatic flow and the inc

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Brueck, Matthias, Louise Nuijens, and Bjorn Stevens. "On the Seasonal and Synoptic Time-Scale Variability of the North Atlantic Trade Wind Region and Its Low-Level Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 4 (2015): 1428–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0054.1.

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Abstract The seasonality in large-scale meteorology and low-level cloud amount (CClow) is explored for a 5° × 5° area in the North Atlantic trades, using 12 years of ERA-Interim and MODIS data, supported by 2 years of Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) measurements. From boreal winter to summer, large-scale subsiding motion changes to rising motion, along with an increase in sea surface temperature, a clockwise turning and weakening of low-level winds, and reduced cold-air advection, lower-tropospheric stability (LTS), and surface fluxes. However, CClow is relatively invariant around 30%, except

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Kataoka, Takahito, Masahide Kimoto, Masahiro Watanabe, and Hiroaki Tatebe. "Wind–Mixed Layer–SST Feedbacks in a Tropical Air–Sea Coupled System: Application to the Atlantic." Journal of Climate 32, no. 13 (2019): 3865–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0728.1.

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Abstract The ocean–atmosphere feedback associated with the thermodynamic coupling among wind speed, evaporation, and sea surface temperature (SST), called the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback, contributes to the cross-equatorial SST gradient over the tropical oceans. By conducting an eigenanalyses of simple linear air–sea coupled models, it is shown that two additional feedback processes are present when the variable oceanic mixed layer depth (MLD) is considered. The horizontal structures of the leading modes are similar to the WES mode, which shows a meridional dipole in the SST anomalies

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29

Weller, Robert A., Sudip Majumder, and Amit Tandon. "Diurnal Restratification Events in the Southeast Pacific Trade Wind Regime." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 9 (2014): 2569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0026.1.

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Abstract This paper describes the occurrence of diurnal restratification events found in the southeast trade wind regime off northern Chile. This is a region where persistent marine stratus clouds are found and where there is a less than complete understanding of the dynamics that govern the maintenance of the sea surface temperature. A surface mooring deployed in the region provides surface meteorological, air–sea flux, and upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity data. In the presence of steady southeast trade winds and strong evaporation, a warm, salty surface mixed layer is found in

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Yang, Yang, Yi-Leng Chen, and Francis M. Fujioka. "Effects of Trade-Wind Strength and Direction on the Leeside Circulations and Rainfall of the Island of Hawaii." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 12 (2008): 4799–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2365.1.

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Abstract The leeside circulations and weather of the island of Hawaii were studied from the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) land surface model simulations for eight strong (∼7.9 m s−1) and eight weak (∼5.2 m s−1) trade-wind days and for five days with southeasterly trades (∼7.1 m s−1) during summer 2004. The objective is to investigate the effects of trade-wind strength and directions on the leeside circulations and rainfall and the modification of these effects by the land surface thermal forcing. For the small wake on the lee side of the Kohala Mount

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Jury, Mark R. "Turks and Caicos Islands Climate and Its Impacts." Earth Interactions 17, no. 18 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei000490.1.

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Abstract The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) climate is described using mesoscale ocean and atmosphere datasets with a focus on thermodynamic versus kinematic controls, the influence of the nearby island of Hispaniola, and factors affecting early colonization and fluctuations of marine resources. The key findings include the following: trade winds accelerate to 7 m s−1 north of Hispaniola and enhance anticyclonic subsidence; there is a dry-south/wet-north pattern of rainfall that opposes surface temperature and salinity fields; ocean currents near TCI are northwestward but there is a counterclo

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Cutcher, Nicola. "Winds of Trade: Passage to Zero‐Emission Shipping." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 79, no. 3 (2020): 967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12331.

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McKellips, Paul. "When the trade winds blow in our favor." Lab Animal 42, no. 11 (2013): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.416.

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Babecky, J., A. Bulir, and K. Smidkova. "Sustainable exchange rates when trade winds are plentiful." National Institute Economic Review 204, no. 1 (2008): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950108093763.

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Babecký, Jan, Aleš Bulíř, and Kateřina Šmídkova. "Sustainable Exchange Rates When Trade Winds Are Plentiful." National Institute Economic Review 204 (April 2008): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00279501082040011101.

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Estimation and simulation of sustainable real exchange rates in a sample of EU member countries find vulnerabilities connected to the adoption of the euro if the rate vis-à-vis the euro were to be fixed with weak fundamentals and inappropriate policies. Sample countries have benefited from dramatic improvements in their external positions, in part driven by inflows of foreign direct investment. As a result, exchange rate misalignments have narrowed in most countries and, looking ahead, are expected to narrow further. These results are conditional, however, on optimistic projections with respec

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Holloway, PE, and HC Nye. "Leeuwin current and wind distributions on the southern part of the Australian North West Shelf between January 1982 and July 1983." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850123.

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Observations of the current and wind distributions on the southern part of the Australian North West Shelf between January 1982 and July 1983 are presented. Maps of monthly averages of winds and currents from a variety of locations are presented as well as some time series spanning 19 months of currents and water temperatures from a shelf-slope location and corresponding winds from a coastal station. The main feature of the observations is the strong flow to the south-west parallel to the bathymetry known as the Leeuwin Current. From the observations across the continental shelf, the low-frequ

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Simpson, Isla R., Julio T. Bacmeister, Irina Sandu, and Mark J. Rodwell. "Why Do Modeled and Observed Surface Wind Stress Climatologies Differ in the Trade Wind Regions?" Journal of Climate 31, no. 2 (2018): 491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0255.1.

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Global climate models (GCMs) exhibit stronger mean easterly zonal surface wind stress and near-surface winds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) trade winds than observationally constrained reanalyses or other observational products. A comparison, between models and reanalyses, of the processes that contribute to the zonal-mean, vertically integrated balance of momentum reveals that this wind stress discrepancy cannot be explained by either the resolved dynamics or parameterized tendencies that are common to each. Rather, a substantial residual exists in the time-mean momentum balance of the reana

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Jamieson, P. M., and A. Jaffrey. "Advanced Wind Turbine Design." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 4 (1997): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888039.

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Garrad Hassan have a project in progress funded by the U.K. Department of Trade & Industry (DTI) to assess the prospects and Cost benefits of advanced wind turbine design. In the course of this work, a new concept, the coned rotor design, has been developed. This enables a wind turbine system to operate in effect with variable rotor diameter augmenting energy capture in light winds and shedding loads in storm conditions. Comparisons with conventional design suggest that a major benefit in reduced cost of wind-generated electricity may be possible.

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Pomar García, Marta, Luis Antonio González-Mendoza, and Federico Díaz Rodríguez. "Analytic characteristics of red wine from the Canary Islands (Spain)." OENO One 28, no. 2 (1994): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1994.28.2.1151.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">This note presents the analysis of seventy-one red wines of the same vintage (90) from twenty different private wineries in the Tacoronte-Acentejo region, located on the northern slope of the island of Tenerife. This region has a basically Mediterranean climate, tempered by the mild, damp trade winds, and a volcanic soil, very rich in minerals and highly fertile.</p>

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Arfi, Robert. "Variabilité interannuelle d'un indice d'intensité des remontées d'eau dans le secteur du cap Blanc (Mauritanie)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 12 (1985): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-244.

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The coastal waters along the Atlantic Sahara are characterized by intense hydrodynamic phenomena (upwellings, water mass alternations) throughout the year that deeply influence their productivity. Deep-water arrivals at surface levels are closely related to the local prevailing winds dominating all year long, the Northeast Trade winds. Working on a time series of 28 yr shows that far from being regular and constant during that period, the Trade winds were very variable. The coastal upwellings induced by these winds showed important intensity variations: after years of strong activity (1955–60)

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Durgadoo, Jonathan V., Benjamin R. Loveday, Chris J. C. Reason, Pierrick Penven, and Arne Biastoch. "Agulhas Leakage Predominantly Responds to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 10 (2013): 2113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-047.1.

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Abstract The Agulhas Current plays a crucial role in the thermohaline circulation through its leakage into the South Atlantic Ocean. Under both past and present climates, the trade winds and westerlies could have the ability to modulate the amount of Indian–Atlantic inflow. Compelling arguments have been put forward suggesting that trade winds alone have little impact on the magnitude of Agulhas leakage. Here, employing three ocean models for robust analysis—a global coarse-resolution, a regional eddy-permitting, and a nested high-resolution eddy-resolving configuration—and systematically alte

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Karim, Hilmi, Makaoui Ahmed, Ettahiri Omar, et al. "Circulation Marine de la Baie de Cintra (Sud du Maroc) par Modèle Hydrodynamique 2D." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 12 (2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n12p175.

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The marine circulation of Cintra bay located at Dakhla Oued Eddahab area (south of Morocco 23°08’N-16°20’W) has been studied from October to November 2016 by 2D hydrodynamic model. This study aims to understand the marine circulation of this bay and its hydrodynamic functioning. Mainly governed by wind and semidiurnal M2 tides, currents are generally strong in intensity (mainly > 0.5 m.s-1 ) outside the bay. Inside the bay, their intensity are less than 0.3 m.s-1 and generally oriented to the south of the bay due to the influence of the trade winds (NE). Due sometimes to the influence of W

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Mihailović, Dragutin, Miloud Bessafi, Sara Marković, et al. "Analysis of Solar Irradiation Time Series Complexity and Predictability by Combining Kolmogorov Measures and Hamming Distance for La Reunion (France)." Entropy 20, no. 8 (2018): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20080570.

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Analysis of daily solar irradiation variability and predictability in space and time is important for energy resources planning, development, and management. The natural variability of solar irradiation is being complicated by atmospheric conditions (in particular cloudiness) and orography, which introduce additional complexity into the phenomenological records. To address this question for daily solar irradiation data recorded during the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 at 11 stations measuring solar irradiance on La Reunion French tropical Indian Ocean Island, we use a set of novel quantitative too

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Wittenberg, Andrew T., Anthony Rosati, Ngar-Cheung Lau, and Jeffrey J. Ploshay. "GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO." Journal of Climate 19, no. 5 (2006): 698–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3631.1.

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Abstract Multicentury integrations from two global coupled ocean–atmosphere–land–ice models [Climate Model versions 2.0 (CM2.0) and 2.1 (CM2.1), developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory] are described in terms of their tropical Pacific climate and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The integrations are run without flux adjustments and provide generally realistic simulations of tropical Pacific climate. The observed annual-mean trade winds and precipitation, sea surface temperature, surface heat fluxes, surface currents, Equatorial Undercurrent, and subsurface thermal structure

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Silva, G. A. M., and T. Ambrizzi. "Inter-El Niño variability and its impact on the South American low-level jet east of the Andes during austral summer − two case studies." Advances in Geosciences 6 (March 8, 2006): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-6-283-2006.

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Abstract. The impact of the maximum convection location over eastern and central Equatorial Pacific over the intensity and positioning of the South American Low-Level Jet east of the Andes (SALLJ) during the austral summer was investigated. The Bonner criteria 1 was applied to the NCEP-NCAR circulation fields during the El Niño of 1997/1998 and 2002/2003 to identify the SALLJ episodes. The composites of the atmospheric circulation over the South America during El Niño events showed that the SALLJ can be influenced by small displacements of the quasi-stationary Rossby waves position. During the

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Son, Rackhun, S. Y. Simon Wang, Wan-Ling Tseng, Christian W. Barreto Schuler, Emily Becker, and Jin-Ho Yoon. "Climate diagnostics of the extreme floods in Peru during early 2017." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 1-2 (2019): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05038-y.

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AbstractFrom January through March 2017, a series of extreme precipitation events occurred in coastal Peru, causing severe floods with hundreds of human casualties and billions of dollars in economic losses. The extreme precipitation was a result of unusually strong recurrent patterns of atmospheric and oceanic conditions, including extremely warm coastal sea surface temperatures (SST) and weakened trade winds. These climatic features and their causal relationship with the Peruvian precipitation were examined. Diagnostic analysis and model experiments suggest that an atmospheric forcing in ear

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Clarke, Allan J., and Anna Lebedev. "Long-Term Changes in the Equatorial Pacific Trade Winds." Journal of Climate 9, no. 5 (1996): 1020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1020:ltcite>2.0.co;2.

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Balcerak, Ernie. "Intensifying Pacific trade winds drive regional sea level trends." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 1 (2012): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo010019.

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Chang, Lung-Yao, Kevin K. W. Cheung, and Cheng-Shang Lee. "The Role of Trade Wind Surges in Tropical Cyclone Formations in the Western North Pacific." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 11 (2010): 4120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3152.1.

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Abstract A total of 40 out of 531 tropical cyclones that formed in the western North Pacific during 1986–2005 have accompanied trade wind surges located 5°–15° latitude to the north of the pretropical cyclone disturbance centers. Composite and empirical orthogonal function analyses indicate that the trade wind surges are related to a midlatitude eastward-moving high pressure system often found during the East Asian winter monsoon. Therefore, these trade wind surge tropical cyclones tend to occur in late season (with one-third of them in December), and at lower latitudes (7° latitude lower than

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Jury, Mark R. "Zonal Gradients in the Lower Atmosphere and Upper Ocean across the Windward Antilles during Midsummer 2012." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 3 (2014): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0103.1.

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AbstractThis observational study examines zonal gradients in the lower atmosphere and upper ocean across the windward Antilles during midsummer 2012. While earlier work reported on meridional confluence, here the focus is on the zonal enrichment of trade winds by upstream shallow seas and islands. Intercomparisons along 18.2°N are made between modern reanalysis and satellite estimates, and coastal station, moored buoy, aircraft, and radiosonde observations for one case and as a June–July 2012 average. Mean gradients per 100 km east of Puerto Rico were 0.2 g kg−1 for 925-hPa specific humidity,

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