Relevant bibliographies by topics / Windward Passage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Windward Passage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Windward Passage"

1

Richey, Michael. "Windward Passage." Journal of Navigation 38, no. 02 (1985): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300031404.

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At the International Boat Show in London this year, the former Director was presented with a special Yachtsman of the Year award for ‘services to yachting taking into account his achievements in offshore racing and distinguished service to the art of small craft navigation’. The following account of his single handed transatlantic voyage last year may thus be of some interest to Members even though its strictly navigational content is limited.
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Jury, Mark R. "The pattern of climate change around the Windward Passage." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 137, no. 1-2 (2018): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2658-3.

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Bulgakov, Sergey N., Nikolay P. Bulgakov, and Vitaly A. Ivanov. "A comparison of direct observations of velocity and transport in the Windward Passage." Geofísica Internacional 42, no. 1 (2003): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.1.365.

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Se considera la velocidad y el transporte de agua a través del Paso de los Vientos a través de una revisión de las investigaciones anteriores y el reanálisis de observaciones de anclajes que la Ex-Unión Soviética condujo el 18 de febrero 1965 y el 19-23 de noviembre 1970, que probablemente son las únicas mediciones directas de velocidad llevadas a cabo allí hasta el presente. El conjunto de las mediciones directas de las corrientes indican un transporte de 8 Sv ± 4 Sv en el Mar Caribe, que es consistente con estimaciones de valores del transporte propuestas por otros autores. El transporte basado en los datos del 19-23 de noviembre 1970 se compone como una salida superficial de 0.8 Sv en la capa superior de 100 m, afluencia de 10.7 Sv en la capa interior de 100-700 m, y salida profunda de 2.0 Sv por debajo de 700 m. El sistema general de corriente-anticorriente en la capa superior de 200 m en el Paso de los Vientos coincide satisfactoriamente con las observaciones recientes de ADCP en el Paso de Gran Inagua.
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4

Calais, Eric, and Bernard Mercier De Lépinay. "Strike-slip tectonic processes in the northern Caribbean between Cuba and Hispaniola (Windward Passage)." Marine Geophysical Researches 17, no. 1 (1995): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01268051.

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5

Anderson, Atholl, John Chappell, Michael Gagan, and Richard Grove. "Prehistoric maritime migration in the Pacific islands: an hypothesis of ENSO forcing." Holocene 16, no. 1 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl901ft.

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Long-distance human migration across the Pacific Ocean occurred during the late Holocene and originated almost entirely in the west. As prevailing tradewinds blow from the east, the mechanisms of prehistoric seafaring have been debated since the sixteenth century. Inadequacies in propositions of accidental or opportunistic drifting on occasional westerlies were exposed by early computer simulation. Experimental voyaging in large, fast, weatherly (windward-sailing) double-canoes, together with computer simulation incorporating canoe performance data and modern, averaged, wind conditions, has supported the traditional notion of intentional passage-making in a widely accepted hypothesis of upwind migration by strategic voyaging. The critical assumption that maritime technology and sailing conditions were effectively the same prehistorically as in the historical and modern records is, however, open to question. We propose here that maritime technology during the late-Holocene migrations did not permit windward sailing, and show that the episodic pattern of initial island colonization, which is disclosed in recent archaeological data, matches periods of reversal in wind direction toward westerlies, as inferred from the millennial-scale history of ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation).
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6

Behrendt, Stephen D., and Eric J. Graham. "African Merchants, Notables and the Slave Trade at Old Calabar, 1720: Evidence from the National Archives of Scotland." History in Africa 30 (2003): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003132.

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In late 1719 the brigantine Hannover sailed from Port Glasgow on a slaving voyage to the Guinea coast. Shipowner Robert Bogle jr. and partners hired surgeon Alexander Horsburgh as supercargo to supervise their trade for provisions and slaves along the Windward Coast, Gold Coast, and at Old Calabar. The Hannover arrived off the Windward Coast in early March 1720, and during three weeks Horsburgh purchased two tons of rice and 21 enslaved Africans on Bogle's behalf. From 5 April to 2 May he traded on the Gold Coast, loading 75 chests of corn and an additional 22 slaves. The Hannover then proceeded to Old Calabar, and from late May to early July Horsburgh purchased 75 more slaves and 11,400 yams—stowing 6,000 tubers in the week before departure to the Americas. Horsburgh also purchased sixteen slaves on his own account—eight along the Windward and Gold Coasts and eight at Calabar. Illness and death followed the Hannover on its “unaccountable long passage” to the Portuguese island Anno Bom (31 August-4 September) and British colonies Barbados (arriving 31 October) and St. Kitts (November-December).Eighty-seven of 134 Africans survived the voyage, only to be sold as slaves in the West Indies.The journey of the Hannover, noteworthy as one of the few Scottish-based voyages in the British slave trade, is important for Africanists because the surviving ship's accounts contain the first detailed list of African traders and notables in Old Calabar history.
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Medina, Socorro, Bradley F. Smull, Robert A. Houze, and Matthias Steiner. "Cross-Barrier Flow during Orographic Precipitation Events: Results from MAP and IMPROVE." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 10 (2005): 3580–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3554.1.

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Abstract Ground-based and airborne Doppler radar data collected during passage of frontal rainstorms over the European Alps and Cascade Mountains of Oregon are found to exhibit characteristic cross-barrier flow and precipitation patterns. A stably stratified layer of blocked (or partially blocked) low-momentum flow below mountain-crest level is separated from strong cross-barrier flow aloft by a concentrated layer of vertical wind shear. This shear layer slopes upward toward the mountain crest and persists for several hours as the storm passes over the mountain range. This pattern is remarkably similar from case to case and from one mountain range to the other. The orographically enhanced precipitation in these cases exhibits stratiform structure, marked by a radar bright band, which often drops to a lower height (indicating locally cooler conditions) immediately adjacent to the windward mountain slopes. A terrain-induced gravity wave produces strong downslope flow and spillover of precipitation onto the lee side of the barrier. An elevated reflectivity maximum appears above the mountain crest and extends a short distance (generally 20–40 km) upstream, apparently as a result of gravity wave lifting. While baroclinically induced shear may contribute to the observed pattern, two-dimensional idealized simulations indicate that, in the presence of sufficient upstream static stability, orographic effects alone are sufficient to support development of the upward-sloping shear layer on the windward side of the barrier. Furthermore, idealized simulations show that if there is preexisting vertical shear in the incident upstream flow, this shear is strengthened by the orography and that surface friction may also enhance the strength of the shear layer. The repeatable sheared velocity pattern identified here is apparently an essential feature of cases in which stably stratified low-level flow associated with a baroclinic system impinges upon a sufficiently tall mountain range. Since the layer of orographically generated shear promotes turbulence, which has been shown to aid precipitation growth over the windward slopes, these stable flow dynamics represent a potentially important mechanism for orographic precipitation enhancement in association with the passage of frontal systems over mountainous terrain.
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Lee, Sang Woo, Seong Kuk Joo, and Joon Sik Lee. "Flow Characteristics Inside Circular Injection Holes Normally Oriented to a Crossflow: Part II—Three-Dimensional Flow Data and Aerodynamic Loss." Journal of Turbomachinery 123, no. 2 (2000): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1348016.

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Presented are three-dimensional mean velocity components and aerodynamic loss data inside circular injection holes. The holes are normally oriented to a crossflow and each hole has a sharp square-edged inlet. Because of their importance to flow behavior, three different blowing ratios, M=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, and three hole length-to-diameter ratios, L/D=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, are investigated. The entry flow is characterized by a separation bubble, and the exit flow is characterized by direct interaction with the crossflow. The uniform oncoming flow at the inlet undergoes a strong acceleration and a subsequent gradual deceleration along a converging–diverging flow passage formed by the inlet separation bubble. After passing the throat of the converging–diverging passage, the potential core flow, which is nearly axisymmetric, decelerates on the windward side, but tends to accelerate on the leeward side. The presence of the crossflow thus reduces the discharge of the injectant on the windward side, but enhances its efflux on the leeward side. This trend is greatly accentuated at M=0.5. In general, there are strong secondary flows in the inlet and exit planes of the injection hole. The secondary flow within the injection hole, on the other hand, is found to be relatively weak. The inlet secondary flow is characterized by a strong inward flow toward the injection-hole center. However, it is not completely directed inward since the crossflow effect is superimposed on it. Past the throat, secondary flow is observed such that the leeward velocity component induced by the crossflow is superimposed on the diverging flow. Short L/D usually results in an exit discharging flow with a steep velocity gradient as well as a strong deceleration on the windward side, as does low M. The aerodynamic loss inside the injection hole originates from the inlet separation bubble, wall friction and interaction of the injectant with the crossflow. The first one is considered as the most dominant source of loss, even in the case of L/D=2.0. At L/D=0.5, the first and third sources are strongly coupled with each other. Regardless of L/D, the mass-averaged aerodynamic loss coefficient has an increasing tendency with increasing M.
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Li, Baode, Jing Li, and Jing Lu. "Research on the Coupled Risk of Key Nodes in Maritime Transport Based on Improved Catastrophe Theory." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174640.

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Defining the degree of risk of maritime transport nodes is an important basis for studying the security status of maritime transport passages. However, some important straits or canals are key nodes in the maritime transport passage, and their system security conditions are affected by the interaction of uncertainty risk factors. This study addresses the issue of the security status of transport nodes from the perspective of the characteristics of influencing factors. With a focus on catastrophes and the mutual coupling characteristics of the factors that influence the security of maritime transport nodes, a model based on principal component analysis (PCA) and catastrophe theory (CT) is constructed, and the coupled risk degree of the key nodes in Chinese maritime transportation is empirically analysed. The results show that the Taiwan Strait has the lowest risk degree and that the Windward Strait has the highest risk degree among the key nodes in Chinese maritime transport. From the perspective of the security status of these key nodes, most nodes are currently in a stable and safe state.
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Mass, Clifford, Neal Johnson, Michael Warner, and Ricardito Vargas. "Synoptic Control of Cross-Barrier Precipitation Ratios for the Cascade Mountains." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 3 (2015): 1014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0149.1.

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Abstract This paper examines the synoptic control of precipitation contrasts across the Cascade Mountains of Washington State during the cool season. The average hourly precipitation for three stations on the western and eastern sides of the barrier is calculated, and composite synoptic conditions are determined for situations when precipitation is greater over the eastern slopes, similar precipitation falls on both sides, moderately greater precipitation falls on the western side, and substantially greater precipitation falls on the western side. Conditions prior to occluded/warm frontal passage are favorable for relatively equal precipitation amounts on both sides of the barrier, with extensive warm advection precipitation spreading over the region. Low-level winds are generally southerly during this period, resulting in less orographic modulation of precipitation on the north–south-oriented Cascades. In contrast, postfrontal conditions are associated with westerly flow, enhanced windward precipitation, and greater drying on the leeward (eastern) slopes. Postfrontal conditions also bring drying aloft and reduced stability at low levels, both of which contribute to the enhancement of precipitation on the western slopes. The variation of the cross-mountain precipitation ratio between El Niño and La Niña years can be explained by the associated synoptic configurations. El Niño years have weaker zonal winds and thus less orographic modulation. Furthermore, the lesser vertical stability of La Niña years enhances precipitation on the windward side of the barrier where shallow convection is released.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Windward Passage"

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Smith, Ryan Hunter. "Atlantic-Caribbean Exchange through Windward Passage." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/24.

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Windward Passage, which separates the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, has been recognized as an important inflow channel to the Caribbean Sea for nearly a century. Despite this fact, few direct measurements of the volume transport through the passage exist. In an effort to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the variability, structure, and mean transport associated with flow through Windward Passage, the University of Miami?s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)?s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) conducted a targeted research study of the passage and surrounding region from October 2003 through February 2005. The project deployed a moored current meter array across the passage and conducted four regional hydrographic surveys. Velocity sections collected across Windward Passage during the four cruises from lowered and hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers show a highly variable field dominated by small-scale eddy features and other areas of locally-intensified flow. However, when integrated horizontally across the passage, the resulting transport-per-unit-depth profiles reveal a remarkably robust vertical shear structure. A net inflow of surface and thermocline waters was observed over the four cruises. Beneath these layers, a persistent outflow of intermediate water was found, intensified along the east side of the passage. Deep inflow, just above the sill depth maximum (1680 m), was observed on cruise #1 and, based on data from the moored current meter record, was determined to be a regular flow feature. Together, project velocity sections and water mass analyses of Windward and surrounding passages suggest that Surface Water (SFC), Subtropical Underwater (SUW), and Central Water (CW) primarily arrive at Windward Passage from the east via the Hispaniola Basin. A majority of SFC and SUW enters the Cayman Basin through Windward Passage, while the arriving CW bifurcates, with slightly more than half bypassing the passage and continuing westward north of Cuba. An intermediate water outflow pathway from the Cayman to the Hispaniola Basin via Windward Passage was also observed. Much of this outflow possessed a salinity signature characteristic of upstream inflow regions immediately to the east and south of the Lesser Antilles. Total Windward Passage transport, calculated from the four ship surveys, was found to be an inflow of 3.0 ±2.8 Sverdrups (1 Sv ≡ 10^6 m^3 s^-1). Data from the 16-month moored current meter array yielded a larger mean inflow of 5.0 ±1.6 Sv. These numbers are lower than previous estimates based on regional passage transport differences, and suggest that more transport may be entering the Florida Current system through passages in the Bahamas (the Northwest Providence and Old Bahama Channels) than previously thought, with proportionately less flow entering the system through the Caribbean Sea.
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Books on the topic "Windward Passage"

1

Nisbet, Jim. Windward passage. Overlook Press, 2010.

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2

Windward passage. Harlequin, 1986.

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3

Pavlidis, George T. A cruising guide to the Northwest Caribbean: From the Windward Passage to Guatemala. Seaworthy Publications, Inc., 2008.

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Pavlidis, George T. A cruising guide to the Northwest Caribbean: From the Windward Passage to Guatemala. Seaworthy Publications, Inc., 2008.

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A cruising guide to the Northwest Caribbean: From the Windward Passage to Guatemala. Seaworthy Publications, Inc., 2008.

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6

The gentleman's guide to passages south: Sailing directions for easier windward passage making in the islands from Florida to Venezuela and a handbook of Caribbean cruising. 4th ed. Cruising Guide Publications, 1993.

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Pavlidis, Stephen J. A cruising guide to the northwest Caribbean: From the windward Passage to Guatemala : including the northern coast of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, the Bay Islands and mainland Honduras, Guatemala and the Rio Dulce. Seaworthy Publications, 2014.

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8

Sant, Bruce Van. The gentleman's guide to passages south: Including Hispaniola and Puerto Rico : the thornless path to windward. 2nd ed. B. Van Sant, 1989.

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9

Douglas, Wilson. Windward Island Passages Monitoring Program: Physical oceanographic data collected on cruise WI-07 NOAA Ship Malcolm Baldrige, 8-10 June 1993. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1995.

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Wilson, Douglas. Windward Islands Passages Monitoring Program: Physical oceanographic data collected on cruises WI-07, NOAA ship Malcolm Baldrige 8-10 June 1993. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1995.

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Conference papers on the topic "Windward Passage"

1

Li, Lin, Cun-liang Liu, Xiao-Yu Shi, Hui-ren Zhu, and Bing-ran Li. "Numerical Investigation on Sand Particles Deposition in a U-Bend Ribbed Internal Cooling Passage of Turbine Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90850.

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Abstract Sand particles impinge the internal cooling passage of the turbine blade and easily deposit, which lead to the decrease of cooling efficiency of the turbine blade and the increase of turbine blade temperature. In order to explore sand particles deposition mechanism in the internal cooling passage of turbine blades, the numerical simulation was performed in a U-bend passage with rib turbulators by means of a commercial CFD code. The fluid phase was modelled employing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The discrete phase was solved using Lagrangian particle tracking method and a continuous random walk model. A particle deposition model was implemented using user-defined functions. The Reynolds numbers of 30000, 23000 and 15500 are considered. Particles sizes in the range 1–20 microns are considered. Results show that the particles deposition flux decreases gradually along the flow direction. The particles significantly deposit on the rib wall and the bend wall, especially on the windward rib wall and the upstream wall of the bend, with less deposition on the leeward rib wall. This is because the rib wall hinders the movement of fluid and sand particles impact the wall due to inertia, which lead to the energy loss. The particles deposition flux on the windward rib wall increases with the increase of Reynolds number and particles diameter, while the deposition flux on the leeward rib wall decreases. With the increase of the particles diameter, the particles deposition flux increases. The deposition rate increases with the increase of Reynolds number and particles diameter.
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2

Lee, Sang Woo, Seong Kuk Joo, and Joon Sik Lee. "Flow Characteristics Inside Circular Injection Holes Normally Oriented to a Crossflow: Part II — Three Dimensional Flow Data and Aerodynamic Loss." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0257.

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Presented are three-dimensional mean velocity components and aerodynamic loss data inside circular injection holes. The holes are normally oriented to a crossflow and each hole has a sharp square-edged inlet. Because of their importance to flow behavior, three different blowing ratios of M = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, and the hole length-to-diameter ratios of L/D = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 are investigated. The entry flow is characterized by a separation bubble, meanwhile the exit flow by the direct interaction with the crossflow. The uniform on-coming flow at the inlet undergoes a strong acceleration and a subsequent gradual deceleration along a converging-diverging flow passage formed by the inlet separation bubble. After passing the throat of the converging-diverging passage, the potential-core flow which is nearly axisymmetric decelerates on the windward side, but tends to accelerate on the leeward side. The presence of the crossflow thus reduces the discharge of the injectant on the windward side, but enhances its efflux on the leeward side. This trend is greatly accentuated at M = 0.5. In general, there are strong secondary flows in the inlet and exit planes of the injection hole. The secondary flow within the injection hole, on the other hand, is found relatively weak. The inlet secondary flow is characterized by a strong inward flow toward the injection-hole center. However, it is not completely directed inward since the crossflow effect is superimposed on it. Past the throat, the secondary flow is observed such that the leeward velocity component induced by the crossflow is superimposed on the diverging flow. Short L/D usually results in the exit discharging flow with a steep velocity gradient as well as a strong deceleration on the windward side, as low M does. The aerodynamic loss inside the injection hole is originated from the inlet separation bubble, wall friction and interaction of the injectant with the crossflow. The first one is considered as the most dominant source of loss, even in the case of L/D = 2.0. At L/D = 0.5, the first and third sources are strongly coupled with each other. Regardless of L/D, the mass-averaged aerodynamic loss coefficient has an increasing tendency with increasing M.
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3

Lee, Sang Woo, Sang Won Park, and Joon Sik Lee. "Flow Characteristics Inside Circular Injection Holes Normally Oriented to a Crossflow: Part I — Flow Visualizations and Flow Data in the Symmetry Plane." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0256.

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Experimental results are presented which describe flow behavior inside circular injection holes with a sharp square-edged inlet. Oil-film flow visualizations and mean flow data are obtained in the flow symmetry plane of injection holes which are normally oriented to a crossflow. Additional visualizations inside inclined holes are also performed for inclination angles of 30 and 60 degrees. Data are presented for three different length-to-diameter ratio values of L/D = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. The blowing ratio is fixed at M = 2.0 in the flow visualizations and takes the values M = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 in the flow measurements. The normal-injection flow visualization in the case of L/D = 2.0 clearly demonstrates the existence of four distinct near-wall flow regions: an inlet separation region, a reattachment region, a developing region, and a near-exit flow region. When L/D = 1.0 and 2.0, an inlet separation bubble is apparent with a clear imprint of recirculating flow traces especially on the windward side, even though it is not so well organized on the opposite side. For a short hole such as L/D = 0.5, however, the separation bubble with flow recirculation seems to be suppressed by the crossflow. Due to the presence of the inlet separation bubble, actual flow passage is in the form of a converging-diverging channel, regardless of the L/D values. In general, the crossflow stabilizes the inside flow on the leeward side, meanwhile destabilizes it on the windward side. On the contrary, the inclination of the injection hole in the leeward direction of the crossflow stabilizes the flow near the windward wall but destabilizes it near the leeward wall. Relatively short holes such as L/D = 0.5 and 1.0 do not allow the boundary-layer development on the wall. Particularly in the case of L/D = 0.5, a direct interference is observed between the complicated inlet and exit flows. The inlet flow, however, seems to be isolated from the exit flow for a long hole such as L/D = 2.0. It is also found that the potential-core inside the normal injection hole comprises a converging flow region, a diverging flow region, a developing flow region and a deflected flow region by the crossflow.
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Wickramasinghe, Asanga, Damith C. Ranasinghe, and Alanson P. Sample. "WINDWare: Supporting ubiquitous computing with passive sensor enabled RFID." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on RFID (IEEE RFID 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfid.2014.6810709.

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Houra, T., Y. Nagano, and M. Tagawa. "Turbulent Thermal Diffusion Over a Locally-Heated Two-Dimensional Hill." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23117.

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We measure flow and thermal fields over a locally heated two-dimensional hill. The heated sections on the wall are divided into upstream and downstream portions of the hill model. These sections are heated independently, yielding various thermal boundary conditions in contrast to the uniformly heated case. In the separated region formed behind the hill, it is found that the mean temperature profiles in the uniformly heated case are well decomposed into the separately heated cases. This is because the velocity fluctuation produced by the shear layer formed behind the hill is large, so the superposition of a passive scalar in the thermal field can be successfully realized. The rapid increase in the mean temperature near the uniformly heated wall should be due to the heat transfer near the leeward slope of the hill. On the other hand, the mean temperature distributions away from the wall are strongly affected by the turbulent thermal diffusion on the windward side of the hill.
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Reports on the topic "Windward Passage"

1

Johns, William E. Dynamics of Boundary Currents and Marginal Seas: Windward Passage Experiment. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612623.

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