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1
Smith, Ryan Hunter. "Atlantic-Caribbean Exchange through Windward Passage." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/24.
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Windward Passage, which separates the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, has been recognized as an important inflow channel to the Caribbean Sea for nearly a century. Despite this fact, few direct measurements of the volume transport through the passage exist. In an effort to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the variability, structure, and mean transport associated with flow through Windward Passage, the University of Miami?s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)?s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) conducted a targeted research study of the passage and surrounding region from October 2003 through February 2005. The project deployed a moored current meter array across the passage and conducted four regional hydrographic surveys. Velocity sections collected across Windward Passage during the four cruises from lowered and hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers show a highly variable field dominated by small-scale eddy features and other areas of locally-intensified flow. However, when integrated horizontally across the passage, the resulting transport-per-unit-depth profiles reveal a remarkably robust vertical shear structure. A net inflow of surface and thermocline waters was observed over the four cruises. Beneath these layers, a persistent outflow of intermediate water was found, intensified along the east side of the passage. Deep inflow, just above the sill depth maximum (1680 m), was observed on cruise #1 and, based on data from the moored current meter record, was determined to be a regular flow feature. Together, project velocity sections and water mass analyses of Windward and surrounding passages suggest that Surface Water (SFC), Subtropical Underwater (SUW), and Central Water (CW) primarily arrive at Windward Passage from the east via the Hispaniola Basin. A majority of SFC and SUW enters the Cayman Basin through Windward Passage, while the arriving CW bifurcates, with slightly more than half bypassing the passage and continuing westward north of Cuba. An intermediate water outflow pathway from the Cayman to the Hispaniola Basin via Windward Passage was also observed. Much of this outflow possessed a salinity signature characteristic of upstream inflow regions immediately to the east and south of the Lesser Antilles. Total Windward Passage transport, calculated from the four ship surveys, was found to be an inflow of 3.0 ±2.8 Sverdrups (1 Sv ≡ 10^6 m^3 s^-1). Data from the 16-month moored current meter array yielded a larger mean inflow of 5.0 ±1.6 Sv. These numbers are lower than previous estimates based on regional passage transport differences, and suggest that more transport may be entering the Florida Current system through passages in the Bahamas (the Northwest Providence and Old Bahama Channels) than previously thought, with proportionately less flow entering the system through the Caribbean Sea.
2
Ferdinand, Idelia. "Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into community development in the Windward Islands." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/14837/.
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The Windward Islands are vulnerable to a number of natural hazards. This thesis examines the possibilities for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in the Windward Islands. The Windward Islands offer a special case of “Island Vulnerability”. Island vulnerability is essentially defined as an increased probability in disaster events against what would be expected if vulnerability were to be measured against international levels of poverty, defined as Gross National Product per capita. There are three reasons for this namely the topography of islands, the site characteristics and the socio-economic setting. The topography is one where islands, largely of volcanic or coral origins, face multi-hazard experience particularly from flooding and storm surge. The site issue is that islands usually have a high ratio of coastline to land mass implying a relatively higher exposure to extreme events. The socio-economic conditions are peculiar to island including isolation, mono-agriculture and mono-industry essentially laid down by colonial experience, an absence of formal employment opportunities and weak capacity in local governance including the absence of NGOs. Though DRR has evolved over the last 20 years, some islands and communities remain more vulnerable than others. This research investigates the mainstreaming of DRR in the Windward Islands of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines. The key issue researched was whether DRR could be effectively implemented at the community level. To address this issue, the research investigates the vulnerability and capacity of communities to hazards in the Windward Islands and suggests ways to reduce risk and build community resilience. The factors affecting vulnerability and capacity to hazards in the Anglophone Windward Islands were identified as a means of determining how to reduce risks and build resilience to hazards in the Windward Islands. Efforts to enhance community development and build resilience are not effective as they fail to address fully community needs. This research concluded that some communities are more vulnerable than others and a major contributor to their vulnerability is poverty. None of the methods used in this research are unique to island vulnerability analysis as they have been applied elsewhere in DRR. What is unique is the scoping of the application of these methods to gain an overview of DRR possibilities. What emerges as a conclusion is the limited impact of top down interventions, especially those interventions that try to address poverty alleviation to lower risk. This is essentially because the poor themselves barricade their own coping mechanisms against external interventions, thus building a wall against external help. Building on local organisational capacity, including religious groups, can help address this problem. Research in this area is limited for the Anglophone Windward Islands and this thesis on vulnerability of household and communities will contribute to knowledge in this field.
3
Westfield, Volma T. "Colonial and Post-Colonial educational policies in the Windward islands: St. Vincent and the Grenadines." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/304.
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This study examines the purpose of colonial and post education policies in the British West Indies and more specifically, the post-independent government of St.Vincent and the Grenadines. The study concurs that the purpose of education should be for one’s personal, community and country’s development. The educated is likely to become productive members of society by engaging in activities that will foster development, create opportunities and promote policies that will enhance democratization of their country. The researcher found that neither the colonial nor post colonial purposes of education policies were specifically designed to develop the country. While the colonial education policies were designed to fulfill the needs of the colonial system, the post-colonial policies are primarily based on academia which is designed for the export market due to the lack of available local vacancies for the acquired education and skills. The conclusions drawn from the fmdings suggests that a brain drain has emerged with the citizens of SVG being educated, either for education sake as a means of pride, mobility or to fill the market for qualified personnel overseas.
4
Goodale, Christopher Brandon. "The influence of windward parapets on the height of leeward snow drifts at roof steps." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32483.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Architectural Engineering
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has developed standards for the design of snow loads that occur on buildings and structures. These standards are published in the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, or ASCE 7, and are based on the findings of case studies and other scientific tests. However, design guidance on the possible reduction of leeward snow drifts at the junction of a roof parapet and a moderately sized roof step is limited and not specifically addressed in the ASCE 7. Therefore, a literature review and parametric study were performed to evaluate possible leeward snow drift reduction that could occur at the junction of parapets and roof steps. Leeward drift reduction was estimated using the Fetch Modification Method, the Direct Reduction Method, and the Simplistic Reduction Method for parapets with heights of 30 in. and 48 in. with upwind snow fetch distances from 100 to 300 ft and ground snow loads from 20 to 50 psf. More drift reduction was seen with the 48 in. parapets than with the 30 in. parapets. The Fetch Modification Method and the Direct Reduction Method gave relatively similar reductions across the range of upwind fetch distances, while the Simplistic Reduction Method gave larger reductions overall. Reductions in height for the Fetch Modification Method were between 0.25 ft and 0.42 ft, while the Direction Reduction Method returned 0.08 to 0.63 ft and the Simplistic Reduction Method returned 1.61 to 3.09 ft. Due to the large magnitude of reduction estimated by the Simplistic Reduction Method, the method was considered unconservative. From the results of the Fetch Modification Method and Direct Reduction Method, it could be suggested that parapets 30 in. or 48 in. tall could only provide a small amount of leeward drift reduction, roughly 7% to 8% of the original leeward drift height. Further research should be done to expand the heights of parapets examined and to incorporate testing and full scale observations to verify the reduction of the leeward drift.
5
Chabaud, Ludivine. "Modèle stratigraphique et processus sédimentaires au Quaternaire sur deux pentes carbonatées des Bahamas (leeward et windward)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0106/document.
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Cette étude présente une reconstruction du fonctionnement sédimentaire au Quaternaire de deux pentes carbonatées des Bahamas (leeward et windward). Elle est basée sur les analyses stratigraphique et sédimentaire de 34 carottes principalement collectées lors de la mission CARAMBAR (2010). Une étude stratigraphique à haute résolution a été développée à partir de plusieurs outils stratigraphiques, dont l’écostratigraphie basée sur les assemblages de foraminifères planctoniques qui a permis de dater l’ensemble des séquences sédimentaires en s’affranchissant des problèmes liés à la diagenèse précoce. L’analyse sédimentaire des carottages a permis de proposer une nouvelle classification des sédiments carbonatés meubles qui caractérise les fractions dominantes du sédiment au moment du dépôt. Elle permet notamment de discriminer les dépôts fins et d’identifier les processus de transport off-bank, les dépôts contouritiques, gravitaires ou légèrement diagenétisés. Les processus de transport off-bank permettent l’accumulation de boue carbonatée de plate-forme (aiguilles d’aragonite et silts) au niveau des pentes des Bahamas lorsque la plate-forme est ennoyée. Les derniers 4ka cal BP, le MIS 5e et le début du MIS 11 sont les principales périodes d’accumulation sédimentaire au cours des derniers cycles climatiques. L’érosion intra-pente, l’action des courants de fond et les processus de diagenèse précoce ont également été mis en évidence. La pente leeward se caractérise par une sédimentation très importante (wackestone) alors que la pente windward a conservés a morphologie pliocène avec localement des accumulations sédimentaires quaternaires de faible épaisseur (wackestone à packstone)This study proposes a reconstruction of the quaternary sedimentary history of two Bahamian slopes (leeward and windward). This work is based on the stratigraphicand sedimentary analysis of 34 marine cores recovered mainly from the CARAMBAR oceanographic cruse (2010). A high-resolution stratigraphic study was conducted by coupling several tools including ecostratigraphy based on planktonic foraminifera assemblages, which allowed dating all sedimentary sequences despite early diagenesis processes. The sedimentary analysis of the marine cores proposes a new classification for carbonate sediment. It characterizes the dominant particle distributions at the time of deposition and allows for discriminating the fine sediments and for determining the depositional processes such as off-bank transport, contouritic or gravity deposits, and slightly altered sediment. Off-bank transport is the mainprocess responsible for high-accumulation of platform carbonate ooze (aragonite needles and silt) on the Bahamian slopes. It predominates during major flooding of the platform, so during the last 4 ka cal BP, the MIS 5e and at the on set of the MIS11. Intra-slope erosion, bottom currents, and early marine diagenesis processes have also been highlighted. The leeward slope is characterized by a high accumulation of wackestone sediment where as the windward slope preserved its Pliocene morphology with local quaternary sediment accumulation (wackestone to packstone)
6
Budak, Aydin David. "Study of chemical migration from fertilizer in soil water and runoff at the Windward Community College Landscape Training Facility." Thesis, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/21917.
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Thesis (M. S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-98).
UHM: Has both book and microform.
U.S. Geological Survey; project no.03; 14-08-0001-G2015
7
Sim, Allan James. "The maintenance of cultural identity : a comparative study of the Windward Maroons of Jamaica and the Amish of Ohio." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480834.
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In the past the theories of the Cooley/Mead "looking-glass self" [1934, 1964] and the social negotiation of identity have been applied to the individual. This research aims at studying whether the theory can also be applied to specific groups strategies for the maintenance of their identity. The Windward Maroons and the Amish of Ohio were chosen for this research on the basis of factors of comparability. The origins and the social structure of each of the two subject groups is discussed in detail. Their communal development is discussed in detail in terms of the three central bases of group solidarity, ie. myth/ritual, language and land. The origin myths of both the Amish and the Maroons are discussed within the context of a general analysis of the topic of the interpretation of myths. The manner in which myth is utilised by the two cultures to maintain their identity is examined. The effects of tourism on the Maroons and the Amish is an integral piece of this research. The economic repercussions of tourism on identity are analysed. The appropriation and commodification of cultural symbols is discussed and linked with the theory of the "looking-glass self". Due to the greater concentration of the tourist sites and tourist centred advertising there is a greater focus on the Amish in this matter than on the Maroons. The relative ease of access to the Amish sites, in comparison to those of the Maroons, also contributes to this. My findings reveal that there is at the present time a possibility that both of the cultures studied will be subject to the increased erosion of their distinct cultural identity. As their defining symbols continue to be commodified their capability of negotiating their identity with the wider society will be impoverished.
8
Hutchins, Jessica. "Le Texte Déstabilisé : Les Effets de la réécriture et de la traduction dans Wuthering Heights, La Migration des coeurs, et Windward Heights." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/458.
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In La Migration des coeurs, Maryse Condé rewrites Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights in a Caribbean context. Through its intertextual connection to Brontë's novel, Condé's text can be read in relation to Wuthering Heights according to the rhizomatic structure posited by Deleuze and Guattari, and further employed by Édouard Glissant in his Poétique de la Relation. The rhizome allows a comparison that resists a hierarchical comparison of the texts, and permits dialog and mutual influence between the two novels. Condé's critics, reinforcing this intertextual relation, have rarely considered La Migration des coeurs independently of Brontë's Wuthering Heights. However Windward Heights, Richard Philcox's English translation of Condé's novel, has not been previously considered worthy of a place in the rhizome. As a rewriting of Condé's own rewriting, Philcox's translation merits analysis in relation to the other two novels. This study will examine the nature of translation and rewriting in a postcolonial context. Primarily focusing on La Migration des coeurs, it will show how Condé uses the latent imperialist frame of Wuthering Heights to expose social inequalities in Guadeloupe, and how Philcox communicates this critique back to the English metropolis in Windward Heights.
9
Bashardanesh, Mohammad. "Historic Persian buildings and structures: windwards, refrigerators and structural foundations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
Architecture in life is the light of the culture in any society and closely relates with historical, political, economic and social aspects of the society. Persian architecture and building construction should be properly examined from the depths of the history of this ancient land. Persian architecture goes back to six centuries before Christ and it has over 6000 years of continuous history. Since then ever, architecture has been related to various issues, especially religious, and has developed and evolved for centuries.
Persian architecture has features that in comparison with other countries are of particular value. Properties such as good design, precise calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall pillars and the various decorations that each of them represent the magnificent of Persian architecture.
This study assumes that architecture and building construction are the full manifestation of human culture, and focus on some of the important elements in traditional Persian architecture: windwards, traditional refrigerators and foundations.
10
Hutchins, Jessica A. "Le texte déstabilisé : les effets de la réécriture et de la traduction dans "Wuthering Heights", "La Migration des cœurs", et "Windward Heights" /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679693121&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Foreign Language and Literature." Keywords: Emily Bronte, La Migration des Coeurs, Maryse Conde, Translation, Windward Heights, Wuthering Heights. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66). Also available online.
11
Newberry, James. "A Damage Assessment and Wind Loading Analysis of Residential Structures Built Post-1996 in Punta Gorda in the Wake of Hurricane Charley." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3749.
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One of the communities in the path of Hurricane Charley as it came ashore
August 13, 2004, was Punta Gorda, recording gusts up to 145 mph. This project
utilizes aerial photos taken approximately 10 days after the storm battered the
area, using a digital photography program. Focusing on the one-story residential
structures (houses) of the Punta Gorda area, a damage assessment could be
made of the area’s homes, and how they stood up to the storm. This study
focused further on homes built after major changes to the local/state building
codes went into effect (starting in 1996) after the devastation left in south Florida
by Hurricane Andrew in 1992. After selecting approximately 20 damaged
houses, damaged from wind loading only, an analysis of these houses (or types
of houses) could then be undertaken complying with the most current
building/wind codes used at the time of Charley’s landfall. Furthermore, by
looking at the pictures, and using reports outlining the types of damage seen
from the storm, the building/wind codes could then be checked for their
effectiveness.
After performing a wind loading analysis on houses similar to those seen in
the selected pictures, and using the wind code provisions of ASCE 7-98,
calculations show a substantial increase in local wind pressure to various zones
of the roof. High pressure zones of the roof included the ridges of the gable and
hipped style roofs, as well as the corners and the edges.
More emphasis needs to be placed on the installation of the clay tiles
(mandated by certain deed-restricted subdivisions of Punta Gorda). If the tiles
are ripped off from the wind, then the roof sheathing becomes exposed to the
environment, and if this becomes damaged, rain leaking down into the interior of
the house would cause additional damage.
12
Donges, Kathrin. "Influence of ectomycorrhiza (ECM) on the stability of forest ecosystems following windthrow events." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992806712/04.
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Redde, Nils. "Risiko von Sturm- und Folgeschäden in Abhängigkeit vom Standort und von waldbaulichen Eingriffen bei der Umwandlung von Fichtenreinbeständen /." Göttingen : Forschungszentrum Waldökosysteme der Unviersität Göttingen, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010192725&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Pechmann, Marco [Verfasser]. "Durch Windwurf induzierte Veränderungen der Käferfauna (Coleoptera) von Waldstandorten in Nationalparks Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns / Marco Pechmann." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010472356/34.
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Spindt, Allan H. "Chronosynthesis : a site-specific sculpture installed at Windward Community College, Kāneʻohe, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12089.
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Hong, Jou-Shyuan, and 洪州玄. "Comparative Studies on Ecophysiological Characteristics between Windward and Leeward Tree Species in Nanjenshan Forest." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31089971469899144480.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
91
Species compositions at windward sites and leeward sites of Nanjenshan , Kenting National Park, are distinctly different due to the differential impacts of wind stress caused by the northeasterly monsoon, which occurred from mid October to early March. Forest strata are low and dense at windward sites and dominant by warm temperate tree species of Fagaceae and Lauraceae. On the contrary, forest strata are high at leeward sites and dominant by tropical species of Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of site differentiation between windward species and leeward species. Since that the windward species are warm temperate species by nature and that the monsoon wind would lower the temperature at windward sites, we thus hypothesized that windward species should have significantly higher photosynthetic production in the monsoon season than in the non-monsoon season. On the other hand, the tropical and subtropical leeward species should have higher photosynthesis in the non-monsoon season than in the monsoon season. In order to test this hypothesis, diurnal variations in photosynthesis at upper canopy leaves of four windward species and two leeward species were measured at least 6 days in both monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. The windward species were Anneslea fragrans, Myrsine seguinii, Gordonia axillaries, and Cyclobalanopsis championii. The leeward species were Turpinia ternata and Ficus fistulosa. In addition, photosynthetic temperature responses and light responses were also determined at the upper canopy leaves of all species in the monsoon season. Results showed that windward species of A. fragrans, G. axillaries, and C. championii had significantly higher diurnal mean photosynthetic rates in monsoon season than in non-monsoon season. The leeward species F. fistulosa, on the other hand, had significantly higher diurnal mean photosynthetic rates in non-monsoon season than in monsoon season. There were no significant differences in diurnal mean photosynthetic rates in both seasons for M. seguinii and T. ternate. These patterns were the same when comparing the photosynthetic rates of the six sampling species at light intensity greater than 300 µmol m-2s-1during the day in both seasons. By using the photosynthetic rates measured from 9 am to 11 am for seasonal comparison, the rates of A. fragrans and C. championii were still significantly higher in monsoon season than in non-monsoon season. Photosynthetic productivity in the morning hours was not significantly different between the two seasons for the other four species. These findings largely supported the hypothesis that photosynthetic productivity of the temperate windward species was higher in the monsoon season, while it was higher in the non-monsoon season for the tropical leeward species. The range of optimum temperature for photosynthesis for the windward species was between 22.7 and 24.1℃ with the mean of 23.5℃. The mean optimum temperature for the leeward species was 28.2℃, which was 4.7℃ higher than the windward species. Furthermore, C. championii had the widest temperature range, from 15.5℃ to 30.0℃, for 80% of the maximum photosynthetic rates, and M. seguinii had the smallest range from 20.1℃ to 27.0℃. These results revealed that the windward species physiologically had the characteristics of temperate species, while the leeward species showed the characteristics of tropical species. Among the six sampling species, C. champinoii had the highest maximum photosynthetic rate of 19.63 µmol m-2s-1 and the daily photosynthetic gain of 377 mmol m-2d-1. This species also showed the least photo-inhibition in photosynthesis when illuminated with high light. Combining both the windward and the leeward species, daily photosynthetic gain did not significantly correlate with daily total light intensity, but had highly significant correlations with both the maximum rate of photosynthesis and the photosynthetic rate measured at 9 am. We suggest that by simply measuring the photosynthetic rates at 9 am, the daily photosynthetic gains of these species would be easily predicted.
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Fan, Kai-Hsiang, and 范開翔. "Effects of Northeasterly Monsoon Winds on Morphology and Physiological Activities of Windward and Leeward Tree Seedling at Nanjenshan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z42fpa.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
93
Species composition, structure, and physiognomy are distinctly different at windward sites and leeward sites at Nanjenshan Forest, due to the differential impacts of wind stress caused by the northeasterly monsoon winds. The purposes of this study were to verify the characteristics, such as speed, direction, and duration, of the northeasterly monsoon winds as well as to understand the effects of monsoon winds on the morphology and physiology of both the windward and leeward tree seedlings. Results from this study might help identify the possible mechanisms for site differentiation of the windward and leeward species. Three pairs of plots were set up near the Nanjen-lake. Each pair of plots consists of one wind-shielded and one wind-exposed plot. The tested seedlings include 4 leeward species of Bischofia javanica, Machilus zuihoensis, Machilus japonica, and Michelia compressa, as well as 4 windward species of Nageia nagi, Gordonia axillaries, Machilus thunbergii, and Machilus obovatifolia. The hypothesis of this research was that windward species possess higher ability of wind tolerance and will suffer less under wind stress. Therefore, the physiological activities and the morphology of the windward seedlings planted in both the wind-shielded and wind-exposed plots should not differ significantly. On the other hand, seedlings of the leeward species planted in the wind-exposed plots would suffer severe damage in terns of mortality, morphology, biomass, and physiological activities than those planted in the wind-shielded plots. During monsoon season, average wind speeds at 30 cm and 3 m were 3 and 4 m s-1, respectively, and the maximum wind speeds were 7 and 6 m s-1, respectively. Prevalent wind direction was north wind, which consisted of 39% of the wind direction frequency. As for mortality, seedlings of the 4 leeward species in the wind-exposed plots had significantly higher mortality than those in the wind-shielded plots. On the contrary, windward species showed no significant difference in mortality between seedlings planted in both the wind- exposed and wind-shielded plots. Seedlings of the 4 leeward species also suffered severe wind damage morphologically. Biomass, abundance of leaves, and total leaf area of the leeward seedlings in the wind-exposed plots were all significantly lower than those in the wind-shielded plots. However, there were no significant differences in terms of leaf damages and seedling growth for the windward species planted in both plots. Single leaf area was higher in wind-shielded plots but specific leaf weight was higher in wind-exposed plots for seedlings of both the windward and the leeward species. Results of physiological measurements showed that photosynthetic rates of seedlings in N. nagi, G. axillaries and M. obovatifolia in the wind-exposed plots were higher than those in the wind-shielded plots. On the contrary, photosynthetic rates in seedlings of 2 leeward species M. zuihoensis and M. japonica were significantly higher in wind-shielded plots than in wind-exposed plots. However, photosynthetic rates of B. javanica showed no significant difference in both plots. The chlorophyll fluorescence values (Fv/Fm) of both the windward and the leeward seedlings in both wind-shielded and wind-exposed plots were all below 0.80, indicating that they all suffered some degrees of stress during the monsoon season. In conclusion, seedling survival rates, biomass, and photosynthetic productivity of the 4 leeward species were all significantly higher in wind-shielded plots than those in wind-exposed plots, indicating that environmental conditions on the windward sites were not suitable for the regeneration and growth of these leeward species. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between wind-shielded and wind-exposed plots of the windward species in terms of seedling mortality, biomass, and productivity. Therefore, the hypothesis proposed in this study was supported by the results.
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Wen-Yuan, Li, and 李文媛. "Effects of Northeasterly Monsoon on the Morphology and Growth of Seedling of Windward and Leeward Tree Species at Nanjenshan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94789504822992295384.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系所
99
This research aimed at comparing the differences in growth performance and leaf damage levels of seedlings growing at windward and leeward sites of Nanjenshan forests under the disturbance of northeast monsoon. We set up a wind-shielded plot, which was surrounded by transparent plastic sheets, and a non-shielded wind-exposed plot. In each plot, 10 seedlings each of 8 windward species and 9 leeward species were planted. We proposed that for those species originally growing at the windward sites, their seedlings’ growth would not be affected by wind; for those growing at the leeward sites, their growth would be inhibited and leaves damaged by wind. Results showed that average wind speed was 2.0 m s-1 with a maximum speed to be as high as 13.2 m s-1 at the wind-exposed plot, while the average was only 0.5 m s-1 with a maximum of only 4.6 m s-1 at wind-shielded plot from October 2009 to January 2010. After four months of treatment, we found that the biomass, relative height growth rate, number of leaves, leaf area per seedling, and damaged leaves were all not significantly different between the two plots for windward species. Yet, most of the measurements were significantly different between the two plots for leeward species. For example, biomass of leeward seedlings in the wind-exposed plot was 35~70% less than seedlings in the wind-shielded plot; 83.8% of leaves were damaged in the wind-exposed plot while no damaged in the wind-shielded plot. The second during two month treatment ,which had three species repeated with first experiement, we found that the damage rate were less serious than previous treatment, the leeward species still had damage on leaves, but was not less seriously than the leeward species in first treatment. Conclusively, growth of windward species was not affected by northeast monsoon and could survive in windy environments. On the other hand, growth and development of seedlings of leeward species would suffer severe mechanical damage caused by wind, so they are not suitable for growing in windy environment. The proposed hypothesis is thus supported by our results.
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Razím, Matyáš. "Vliv reliéfu Hrubého Jeseníku na vzdušné proudění." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411446.
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The thesis is concerned with a prominent phenomenon of the mountain areas - the anemo- orographic systems which occur as a consequence of the collaboration of prevailing winds and of the large windward valleys, the summit flattened surfaces and the leeward slopes. Their presence has a vast influence of numerous physical-geographical realms, mainly due to the highly uneven spatial snow cover distribution within these systems. The focus of the thesis lies on the highest elevations of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. which reach or exceed the alpine treeline. In this area, the anemo-orographic systems were already defined earlier but a thorough description and of their presence and activity has not been carried out so far, which is the main aim of the thesis. A detailed and spatially compact mapping and measurement of the flag or banner trees has been performed, as these, thanks to their deformed asymmetric shape, attest to the prevailing or mean wind direction as well as its velocity with a high accuracy. As a secondary and comparative data source the meteorological measurements from the summits of Praděd and Šerák Mounts and a modern and detailed wind model has been used. A verification measurement of snow cover depth at selected locations under presumed strong wind action was executed as well. The acquired...
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Kompa, Thomas. "Die Initialphase der Vegetationsentwicklung nach Windwurf in Buchen-Wäldern auf Zechstein- und Buntsandstein-Standorten des südwestlichen Harzvorlandes." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B6E5-0.
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Sonderblohm, Carlos. "Dinâmica das pescas e gestão participativa do polvo vulgar (Octopus vulgaris) capturado pela frota de covos e alcatruzes no sul de Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8399.
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Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015The following PhD dissertation presents information on biological, ecological, socioeconomical and governmental aspects of the fishery of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), captured by pot and trap fishing fleets in the region of Algarve (Portugal), in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The thesis work has been divided into two parts, Part One and Part Two. Part One addresses the fishery dynamics of the common octopus and its relationship with the life cycle of the species, especially those aspects concerning key reproductive stages such as spawning, para-larvae and fishing recruitment, and also its relationship with the environment. Part Two analyses the management of the fishery of the common octopus currently in force in Portugal, particularly in the Algarvian region. A series of workshops were held with stakeholders from this fishery, such as fishermen, scientists and government officials, with the purpose of discussing management approaches aimed to improve this fishery, for example the implementation of a seasonal closure in order to protect the reproduction of the species. Part One is sub-divided into two chapters, Chapter Two and Chapter Three, which precede the introduction or Chapter One. Chapter One gives an overview of the octopus fisheries around the world, the life cycle of the species and how it affects the management of the fishery, and challenges faced by the fishers and industry. Chapter Two emerges from the necessity of the fishermen to establish the time of the year that is deemed most suitable for implementing a ban on the fishery of the common octopus, in order to protect its reproduction and recruitment. This chapter aims to explain the relationship between the dynamics of the fishery and the octopus's life cycle. By means of multivariate statistical analysis of the last 25 years of data from fishing landing records at 12 main ports of the region, the most important factors linking the fishery dynamics of the octopus and its biology were identified. The results were used to construct an life cycle figure that can be used by fishermen, scientists, students, government officials, among others as a quick reference guide. Chapter Three investigate fishing landing data from the Port of Santa Luzia, one of the most important octopus ports in the Algarvian region. The use of statistical techniques such as Dynamic Factor Analyses (DFA) specifically intended for the analysis of time series including local oceanographic and environmental data is explored in order to find common trends and its relationship with environmental variables relevant to the selected fishing area. The results of these analyses reveal factors that affect the recruitment of the species in the Algarve. Part Two is sub-divided also into two chapters, Chapter Four and Chapter Five. Chapter Four begins with a description of the current socio-economic situation and governance model of the pot and trap octopus fisheries in the country. Using a time line approach, a retrospective of the evolution of this fishery during the last 50 years was developed. Common challenges associated with the steady increase of this fishery were identified. Chapter Five analyses ideas debated at seven participatory workshops, held between 2014 and 2015, on the management of the pot and trap octopus fishery in the Algarvian region. In these meetings, stakeholders (fishermen, marine biology researchers, scientists, representatives of government bodies and public institution, university students, among others) discussed proposals aimed to address current challenges, improve the management of the fishery of this resource, and develop a comanagement model that benefits all parties involved in the activity. These proposals were summarized in a handbook that is included as an annex at the end of this PhD dissertation. This paper concludes in Chapter Six with a general discussion about previous chapters and future research that are considered necessary as a result of this work.
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Kompa, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Die Initialphase der Vegetationsentwicklung nach Windwurf in Buchen-Wäldern auf Zechstein- und Buntsandstein-Standorten des südwestlichen Harzvorlandes / vorgelegt von Thomas Kompa." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974034436/34.
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