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1
Marchiori, Vanessa <1997>. "DIGITALISATION IN THE ITALIAN WINE SECTOR, WITH A FOCUS ON ORGANIC WINE MAKING FIRMS." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21077.
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In the current worldwide context, digitalisation is spreading in almost every sector, and people are learning how to interact with new technologies. This situation also affects firms, this is why this thesis aims at understanding how Italian wine producer firms approach the use of digital tools in both production and marketing. To support this, an exploratory online survey has been developed and submitted to Italian organic winemaking firms, in order to understand their maturity level in terms of digital adoption.
In the first part of the dissertation, the current world wine scenario is analysed, focusing on the definition and description of the distinctive elements between New World and Old World countries. Moreover, a general overview about the Italian wine sector is presented and a focus on the specific organic wine market, both from international and national point of view, is displayed. In all cases, actual data about vineyard surface areas, wine production, wine consumption and international trade of wine are provided. The analysis continues with a brief examination of how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the wine scenario, both from the point of view of consumers and of companies.
The second part of the thesis concretely goes into the analysis of the use of digital tools in the wine sector, examining this concept in three main areas: production, management, and marketing. The whole discourse is developed on the basis of existing literature.
In the last part of the thesis, all the results of the online survey are presented and discussed, trying to underline existing differences or similarities between collected data and literature, on the analysis of the approach of wine firms to digitalisation.
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CONZ, ELISA. "SMALL FIRMS RESILIENCE AND LONGEVITY: AN ENQUIRY IN THE WINE INDUSTRY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1265250.
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The present thesis is a qualitative study and aims to understand how wealth long term outcomes of a sustainable competitive advantage, as business longevity, are assessed in long lasting firms. A collection of papers addresses the following overarching research question: how resilient small and family firms operating in dynamic environments sustain their competitive advantage for long decades? The wine industry, a sector characterized by century-old firms with a history of up and downs made this business area an excellent empirical contest to investigate the argument.
The Introduction offers the ontological, epistemological and methodological evolution of the enquiry, underlying for each paper (Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 4) issue statements, research question, philosophical orientation, nature of the research process, research methodology and method. Chapter 1 proposes a revised evolutionary model for the resilience strategies of small firms, combining firm and cluster level and explaining how small firms embedded in a local cluster can foster their resilience. Findings show that the resilience of small firms is primarily driven by internal resilience strategies, and their resilience characteristics are fostered by the implementation of internal strategies rather than by the influence of the cluster.
Chapter 2 presents a conceptual framework for the resilience of firms, providing a conceptualization of resilience within the management field. The inductive content analysis of the literature provides four different interpretations of resilience: resilience as an absorptive and adaptive ability, developed at time (t), the timeframe in which a firm is experiencing a change; resilience as proactive capability, improved at time (t-1), the time before the change, and resilience as a reactive capacity, implemented at time (t+1), after the change. Finally, the three emerging categorizations are correlated in the resilience building process, defined as a dynamic capability of the firm.
Chapter 3 focuses on the role of the individual in sustaining the longevity of family firms. The outcome of longevity of family firms is investigated from the perspective of the individual. The study adopts an interpretive research design. The outcome of the analysis is a multilevel model that integrates in the dual relationship firm-family with the level of analysis of the individual, considering owner/managers and their characteristics, as separate entities from the family.
Finally, Chapter 4 investigates through phenomenography how owner/managers of family firms understand and practice resilience. The understanding-based framework explains how, according to four different understandings, owner/managers perform different resilience activities.
Finally, the Conclusion addresses principal findings, the theoretical and methodological contribution of the study, limitations, areas for further studies and practical implications.
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Duranton, Jeanne, and Laurent Sery Emilie Theau. "Cultural heritage and branding of family firms in the French wine industry : A case of Burgundian wineries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49953.
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Background: The wine industry is often linked to family business, due to the tradition of some long-standing family winery. Scholars agree that, the family elements are a factor of success in this industry. A reason for this success can be found in the branding of wineries. While the literature in branding is extensive, the link between wine family firms and their cultural heritage in the branding and the brand identity is poorly tackled. Given the wine history in a country like France, cultural heritage is a key point and its effect on wineries is a subject that deserve further research.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the branding of wine family firms. The focus is set on exploring how and why family wineries are using their cultural heritage in branding, and how it affects the brand identity of wineries. By explaining the use of cultural heritage, we wish to understand the reason of the success in turning their personal background into the main asset of their branding strategy.Method: This research is qualitative and based on an interpretivist paradigm. Research method is following the Grounded Theory approach. Primary data are collected via open-ended interviews and all participants are family wineries with significant business seniority in Burgundy, France, as well as wine experts.Conclusion: The results show that family wineries use cultural heritage within their branding for three reasons: (1) Terroir gives the components of the product and directly influence the product positioning, (2) Customers behaviour and expectations is influenced by winery cultural heritage, (3) Industry requires higher reputation and singularity, brought by innovation and tradition. The leverage of their cultural heritage in branding and its outcomes on brand identity is done though (4) Storytelling of wineries cultural heritage which plays on the pleasure, emotional and cultural aspect of wine.
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Scammell, Joanna. "Thriving and surviving in the new world wine industry : examining the impact of social relations in family firms." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55900/.
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The objective of the research is to create new understanding of how family businesses utilise their network relationships to survive and grow their business. The focus rests on how family business participants are interlocked within relationships both within the business itself and with external stakeholders. Analysis of the research reviews the concept of 'Systems of Exchange' (as proposed by Biggart and Delbridge 2004), which is revised for application to the family business. A critical review of the theoretical literature in the areas of networking and family business theory highlight the gaps in our knowledge of how networks are composed and how exchanges are conducted in family firms. A synopsis of the viticulture industry provides a contextual background in which the study took place. The methodology of the research is grounded in a critical realist approach in which a mixture of participant observation and in-depth interviewing were conducted. A total of three case studies were undertaken, compromising over six months in the field. The cases were based in similar sized viticulture businesses in three different countries the UK the USA and Australia. The findings indicate that, due to the strong organisational identification that derives from being a family firm in the agricultural industry, particularistic relationships dominate as the basis for orientation to a network. A high level of substantively rational exchanges was also observed with exchanges with the local community and internal actors in these organisations. It is concluded that the 'agricultural heart' forms a substantial moral basis for many exchanges formed with external network partners, suggesting that a larger proportion of moral exchanges are found within the agricultural industry. Further, the level of involvement of the family in the daily activities of the business was seen to highly affect the portfolio of exchanges that were observed. These findings are represented within the revised Systems of Exchange framework. The study makes a number of contributions to organisation and family business theory. Firstly, the study develops the Systems of Exchange framework, demonstrating that understanding of exchanges can be improved by elaborating the framework to reflect the dynamic nature of ties and potentially asymmetrical nature of relationships. Secondly, the framework needs to be located within the local context of exchange and it is therefore extended to reflect a number of mediators of exchange relations. Thirdly, the data leads to the development of a new model which links the concepts of social capital, dynamics of trust and situated logics. By presenting these revised and new frameworks, clear contributions to knowledge are identified.
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Benson-Rea, Maureen. "Network strategy in the New Zealand wine industry : how firms in an industry understand and use their business relationships." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/105.
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Network strategy in the New Zealand wine industry: how firms in an industry understand and use their business relationshipsThis theory-building study offers new theoretical explanations for how and why companies within a case industry use relationships in their strategies. Using qualitative data from multiple case studies within the New Zealand wine industry, the thesis captures and explains the strategic heterogeneity of diverse patterns of relationships and network interactions and how these are used strategically. Drawing on strategic management and business network theory, it emphasises how firms value their relationships in strategy, that is, how they contribute to strategy formation process and realisation outcomes. The study builds new interpretations and extends theory through in-depth exploration, providing two extensive typologies of relationships, one categorised according to the range of relationships, their functions, content and contribution to strategy, and another according to strategies and how relationships are used in their realisation. A model of relationship drivers in strategy is then developed, tested, and refined to show the purposes and outcomes of relationships and clarify the processes and conditions under which they arise and are used within an industry. The data support converging assumptions in strategic management and business network theory on the connectedness of firms in business relationships and the embeddedness of economic action in ongoing ties within social structures. Concepts of intentionality and emergence are used to show that emergence primarily arises out of intentionality.Understanding of relationships was based on the historically collective nature of the industry, on personal values, experience or approaches to relationships, on firm level strategy, especially decisions around grow, buy or connect options, and whether the firm aimed to control resources and activities internally or used relationships to achieve strategic goals. Firms focused on (in order of priority): resource-based input requirements, activity-based capability related strategies and actor-based values and these inputs operated at three levels which, singly or in combination, drove the diverse use of relationships: firm level strategy influences, relationship level influences and industry environment level influences. Two frameworks emerge which have strong explanatory power. One models how firms understanding and value placed on relationships is integrated into strategy processes. Another integrates concepts in a new way to show the main pathways through ways of understanding relationship development and use in strategy.
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Malaspina, Patrizia. "Terroir wines, mafia's externalities and death awareness: three essays in experimental economics and accounting." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421776.
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This doctoral thesis is composed by three research papers.
The first chapter, titled "Terroir and Perceived Quality of Wine: Evidence from Tasting Experiments", is co-authored with Luca Nunziata.
In this study we use experimental data in order to verify whether information about the terroir of a wine has a causal effect on the perceived wine quality and whether these pieces of information are more effective than the quality signal used for terroir products in the wine market: appellation (label) of origin. In order to address these issues we have carried out two wine-tasting experiments in three different shopping malls in Italy, using a random sample of 790 individuals. We used a Palizzi IGT red wine as it was awarded for its terroir expressiveness and it is an appellation not well known to consumers. Wine consumers in our samples are found to be able to use technical and detailed information about terroir to infer the quality of the wine and they exhibit a higher appreciation when receiving information about terroir rather than about the appellation of origin Palizzi IGT.
The second chapter is titled "Criminal Firms: Exploring Negative Externalities on Non-Criminal Competitors" and it is co-authored with Antonio Parbonetti and Michele Fabrizi.
The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the economic consequences due to the presence of firms connected with mafia-type criminal organizations located in developed areas. In particular, we verify for the first time how these criminal firms affect non-criminal
competitors’ performance and we investigate the negative externalities that they inflict by using firm-level data. Our empirical analysis exploits exogenous shocks imposed by operations against Mafia (from 2008 to 2011) at municipality level to implement a difference-in-difference strategy that compares the change in performance of non-criminal firms with the change in performance of a control group of (non-criminal) firms that operate in either an industry or a municipality that have not been affected by these police operations. . The underlying idea is that these operations‘clean’ the industries and the municipalities where the targeted criminal firms operate, with a consequent beneficial effect on non-criminal competitors located in the geographical proximity. Results suggest that treated competitors experience a statistically significant and sizeable increase in EBITDA/Total Assets and ROA after the operation, with respect to comparison groups that have not been exposed to this shock. Further explorations permit us to verify that this positive effect is not merely due to a decrease in the industry size after the operations. Organized crime and criminal firms bring inefficiencies in the institutional and business environment that cause many distortions, such as in the access to procurement markets, especially for smaller firms.
The third chapter, "Does Thinking About Death Make Us More Generous? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Cooperation with UNICEF", is a solo paper.
In this study I draw on Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Terror Management Theory (TMT) to expand our understanding of the phenomenon of ingroup bias in charitable giving. I aim at
investigating the effect of the use of death priming in emotive charity advertisement on potential donors’ decisions and ingroup bias. In particular I compare implicit and explicit priming of death thoughts against priming of thoughts related to disease and I explore the role of various dimensions of subjects' self-esteem in moderating their responses to implicit stimuli. To this purpose I conduct a field experiment in cooperation with UNICEF, which has involved 547 subjects. Main findings of this study show that in the control group we observe that on average ingroup bias is in favor of ingroup (white-skinned - Caucasian) recipients, rather than outgroup (black-skinned - African) ones. When thoughts of death are activated, both implicitly and explicitly, discriminatory behavior emerges at the expense of donors' ingroup and favorable towards the outgroup. Furthermore, implicit death effects arise independently from the level of
general self-esteem and self-esteem’s relevant domains. This study produces interesting findings not only for the direct field of application. The integration of SIT and TMT offers valuable sparks for forthcoming economic analyses of ingroup bias in different settings.<br>Questa tesi di dottorato e' composta da tre saggi.
Il primo capitolo, intitolato "Terroir and Perceived Quality of Wine: Evidence from Tasting Experiments", è coautorato con Luca Nunziata.
In questo studio utilizziamo dati sperimentali per verificare se le informazioni sul terroir di un vino hanno un effetto causale sulla qualità percepita e se queste informazioni sono più efficaci del segnale di qualità utilizzato per i prodotti da terroir nel mercato vinicolo: la denominazione
(marchio) di origine. Al fine di affrontare queste questioni abbiamo condotto due esperimenti di degustazione in tre diversi centri commerciali in Italia, coinvolgendo un campione casuale di 790 individui. Abbiamo utilizzato un vino rosso Palizzi IGT in quanto è stato premiato per
l’espressività del terroir di provenienza ed è una denominazione non molto conosciuta dai consumatori. I consumatori di vino nei nostri campioni sono stati in grado di utilizzare informazioni tecniche e dettagliate sul terroir per inferire la qualità del vino e hanno mostrato un maggiore apprezzamento quando hanno ricevuto le informazioni sul terroir piuttosto che sulla
denominazione di origine Palizzi IGT.
Il secondo capitolo è intitolato "Criminal Firms: Exploring Negative Externalities on Non- Criminal Competitors" ed è coautorato con Antonio Parbonetti e Michele Fabrizi.
L’obiettivo di questo articolo è di fornire evidenza empirica delle conseguenze economiche dovute alla presenza di aziende connesse con organizzazioni criminali di tipo mafioso localizzate in aree sviluppate. In particolare, verifichiamo per la prima volte come le imprese criminali
influenzano la performance dei concorrenti non criminali ed investighiamo le esternalità negative che infliggono ai concorrenti utilizzando dati a livello di impresa. La nostra analisi empirica sfrutta gli shock esogeni imposti da operazioni contro la Mafia (dal 2008 al 2011) a livello comunale per implementare una strategia difference-in-difference che compara il cambiamento nella performance delle aziende non criminali con quello di un gruppo di controllo composto da aziende (non criminali) che operano in settori o aree che non sono stati interessati dalle operazioni di polizia considerate. L’ idea sottostante è che queste operazioni ‘puliscano’ i settori
e i comuni dove le aziende criminali colpite operano, con un conseguente effetto benefico sui concorrenti non criminali localizzati in prossimità geografica. I risultati suggeriscono che i concorrenti trattati presentano un considerevole e statisticamente significativo aumento dell’EBITDA/Totale Attivo e del ROA dopo l’operazione rispetto ai gruppi di controllo che non
sono stati esposti a tale shock. Ulteriori esplorazioni ci permettono di verificare che questo effetto positivo non è semplicemente dovuto ad una diminuzione della dimensione dei settori dopo le operazioni. Il crimine organizzato e le imprese criminali portano inefficienze nell’
ambiente istituzionale in cui operano le imprese che causano numerose distorsioni, come nell’accesso al mercato degli approvvigionamenti, soprattutto per le aziende più piccole.
Il terzo capitolo, "Does Thinking About Death Make Us More Generous? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Cooperation with UNICEF", è a firma unica. In questo studio mi baso sulla Social Identity Theory e Terror Management Theory per espandere la conoscenza del fenomeno dell’ingroup bias nel comportamento altruistico. Il mio obiettivo è investigare l’effetto dell’induzione di pensieri di morte (death priming) nelle campagne caritatevoli ‘emotive’ sulle decisioni dei donatori e l’ingroup bias. In particolare, esploro l’effetto di priming di pensieri di morte relativi ai beneficiari di una campagna per le vaccinazioni contro l’attivazione di pensieri legati alla malattia ed esploro il ruolo di diverse dimensioni dell’autostima dei soggetti nel moderare le loro risposte agli stimoli impliciti. A tal fine, ho condotto un esperimento field in cooperazione con UNICEF che ha coinvolto 547 soggetti. I principali risultati di questo studio mostrano che in media nel gruppo di controllo osserviamo la presenza di ingroup bias a favore di beneficiari appartenenti all’ ingroup (di pelle bianca - caucasici), piuttosto che all’outgroup (pelle nera - africani). Quando vengono indotti pensieri di morte osserviamo un comportamento discriminatorio nei confronti dell’ingroup e favorevole nei confronti dell’outgroup. Inoltre, gli effetti del priming implicito emergono
indipendentemente dal livello e dai domini rilevanti dell’autostima dei soggetti. Questo studioproduce interessanti risultati non solamente per i diretti ambiti di applicazione. L’integrazione della SIT con la TMT offre degli spunti per future analisi di interesse economico dell’ingroup bias in diversi contesti.
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VAN, MILLIGEN FRED JOSEPH. "IN-SITU MONITORING OF THIN FILM GROWTH USING A WIDE-BAND SCANNING MONOCHROMATOR." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188057.
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To augment the monitoring capabilities of a Balzers 760 coating chamber, we replaced the simple, single wavelength optical monitor with a wide-band scanning monochromator system which records transmission data over the visible region of the spectrum. The system is controlled by an IBM-PC. The same computer is also interfaced to a quartz crystal monitoring system which was purchased with the Balzers chamber. The scanning monochromator system required a new brighter light source to deliver sufficient signal to the detector array through the more complex, dispersive optical train. Above the chamber the filter and the photomultiplier pair were removed, and replaced by a flat mirror which diverts the beam horizontally into the scanning monochromator system. The beam passes first through a telescope-slit configuration onto a Jobin-Yvon holographic grating, built to disperse the 400-800 nm band of which we use approximately 360 nm. This reflective grating images the spectrum of the slit onto a Fairchild CCD array, which consists of 1728 elements. These elements are then averaged into 173 data points and recorded by the IBM-PC. The 173 data points allows us a wavelength resolution of about 2 nm. The IBM incorporates a Tecmar A/D board in accepting data from both the quartz crystal monitor and the scanning monochromator system. Although the system is capable of recording data at a faster rate, it is generally stored once every three seconds. This is adequate since at normal deposition rates this gives us information every 10 - 20 Angstroms of deposited material. The system has been used in several applications which will be discussed in this dissertation. They include in situ measurements of water adsorption into a film, derivation of optical constant profiles during the film deposition, both of which may lead us to a better understanding of the growth of a thin film. The monochromator has also been used to analyze the components of a multilayer coating by monitoring the film's transmission spectra while it was sputter-etched off. The extension of the system into the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and some future applications are also considered.
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Altzinger, Wilfried, Christian Bellak, and Rudolf Duris. "The emergence of multinational firms from Eastern Europe in Austria." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1522/1/document.pdf.
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The paper examines the question of the emergence of multinational firms from Eastern Europe in Austria on different levels of aggregation: The first part uses aggregated data on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria from Central- and East European Countries (CEECs). These data show the importance of outward FDI from CEECs directed to Austria. The second part analyses survey data on the basis of a mailing survey sent to 210 firms from CEECs registered in Austria. Although the response rate was low, an interesting picture emerges of outward FDI directed to Austria. Overall, Austria is an important host country for outward foreign direct investment from Central- and East European Countries, yet not a bridgehead to other Western markets.<br>Series: WU-Jahrestagung 2002
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Fink, Michael. "Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224413.
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This diploma thesis deals with the creation of the business plan focused on expansion of the commercial company operating on the market of wine chemistry by one segment of production. More precisely the goal of this thesis is to design the business model of new winery which would use experience of current company management who possesses key factors of production indispensable for realisation of the intended project. Among the main factors we can mention ownership of vineyards with appropriate authorisation to operate in the market, foreign experts on oenology, Italian know-how on cultivation and manufacturing of wine and last but not least the access to capital especially to financial capital and machine facilities. Participation of potential co-investor would play an important role in this business plan. Thanks to his property interests he would help with the acceleration of partial plans and bring specialised market knowledge of the Czech wine-growing sector.
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Hrbatová, Jana. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319209.
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The diploma thesis deals with analysis of the current situation of the company operating in wine industry to suggest a proposal of marketing strategy focusing on wine production, from the point of view of modification conventional production to biowine production. The work includes thorough strategic analysis of external and internal environment which is summarize in SWOT analysis and based on outputs the proposals are suggested in marketing mix 4 P.
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Shapiro, Michael Jay. "Chemical vapor deposition of silver films for superconducting wire applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19168.
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Juříková, Andrea. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224780.
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The object of this Master´s Thesis is proposal of marketing strategy for particular company. First of all, there are described theoretical backgrounds. Then, there is a convenient marketing mix using various analyzes such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, and situational analysis. The thesis specifies concrete proposals, that company could apply.
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Fuková, Pavla. "Marketingová strategie bioproduktů na příkladu vybrané firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72268.
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The thesis is focused on organic foods segment. The aim is to monitor the situation on the Czech market and then identify ways to use organic products, organic food marketing to determine the specifics of the situation and compare our market with the European Union. Another part is to focus on biodynamic víno.cz company engaged in the sale of biodynamic wines in quality characterize this business and establish its market position. Based on the analysis of marketing research and then propose recommendations and a good marketing strategy.
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Cossar, Harper. "Snakes and funerals aesthetics and American widescreen films /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03162007-175907/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Title from file title page. Greg M. Smith, committee chair; Matthew Bernstein, Kathy Fuller-Seeley, Jack Boozer, Angelo Restivo, committee members. Electronic text (349 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 4, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 342-348).
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au, E. Mohamed@murdoch edu, and Eman Mohamed. "Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films Prepared by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapour Deposition." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050421.133523.
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Silicon is widely used in optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. In recent years new forms of silicon have become available, including amorphous, microcrystalline and nano-crystalline material. These new forms have great promise for low cost, thin film solar cells and the purpose of this work is to investigate their preparation and properties with a view to their future use in solar cells.
A Hot Wire-Deposition Chemical Vapour Deposition CVD (HW-CVD) system was constructed to create a multi-chamber high vacuum system in combination with an existing Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system; to study the amorphous to crystalline transition in silicon thin films. As the two chambers were linked by a common airlock, it was essential to construct a transfer mechanism to allow the transfer of the sample holder between the two systems. This was accomplished by the incorporation of two gate valves between the two chambers and the common airlock as well as a rail system and a magnetic drive that were designed to support the weight of, and to guide the sample holder through the system.
The effect of different deposition conditions on the properties and structure of the material deposited in the combined HW-CVD:PECVD system were investigated. The conditions needed to obtain a range of materials, including amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline silicon films were determined and then successfully replicated.
The structure of each material was analysed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The presence of crystallites in the material was confirmed and the structure of the material detected by TEM was compared to the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of each sample was decoupled into three components representing the amorphous, intermediate and crystalline phases. The Raman analysis revealed that the amorphous silicon thin film had a dominant amorphous phase with smaller contribution from the intermediate and crystalline phase. This result supported the findings of the TEM studies which showed some medium range order. Analysis of the Raman spectrum for samples deposited at increasing filament temperatures showed that the degree of order within the samples increased, with the evolution of the crystalline phase and decline of the amorphous phase. The Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns obtained from the TEM were analysed to gain qualitative information regarding the change in crystallite size. These findings have been confirmed by the TEM micrograph measurements.
The deposition regime where the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon took place was examined by varying the deposition parameters of filament temperature, total pressure in the chamber, gas flow rate, deposition time and substrate temperature.
The IR absorption spectrum for Ýc-Si showed the typical peaks at 2100cm-1 and 626cm-1, of the stretching and wagging modes, respectively. The increase in the crystallinity of the thin films was consistent with the evolution of the 2100cm-1 band in IR, and the decreasing hydrogen content, as well as the shift of the wagging mode to lower wavenumber. IR spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive technique for detecting the crystalline phase in the deposited material.
Several devices were also constructed by depositing the Ýc-Si thin films as the intrinsic layer in a solar cell, to obtain information on their characteristics. The p- layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited in the PECVD chamber, and the sample was then transferred under vacuum using the transport system to the HW-CVD chamber where the i-layer (microcrystalline silicon) was deposited. The sample holder was transferred back to the PECVD chamber where the n-layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited.
The research presented in this thesis represents a preliminary investigation of the properties of Ýc-Si thin films. Once the properties and optimum deposition characteristics for thin films are established, this research can form the basis for the optimization of a solar cell consisting of the most efficient combination of amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline materials.
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Mohamed, Eman. "Microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition." Thesis, Mohamed, Eman (2004) Microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/205/.
Full textAbstract:
Silicon is widely used in optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. In recent years new forms of silicon have become available, including amorphous, microcrystalline and nano-crystalline material. These new forms have great promise for low cost, thin film solar cells and the purpose of this work is to investigate their preparation and properties with a view to their future use in solar cells.
A Hot Wire-Deposition Chemical Vapour Deposition CVD (HW-CVD) system was constructed to create a multi-chamber high vacuum system in combination with an existing Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system; to study the amorphous to crystalline transition in silicon thin films. As the two chambers were linked by a common airlock, it was essential to construct a transfer mechanism to allow the transfer of the sample holder between the two systems. This was accomplished by the incorporation of two gate valves between the two chambers and the common airlock as well as a rail system and a magnetic drive that were designed to support the weight of, and to guide the sample holder through the system.
The effect of different deposition conditions on the properties and structure of the material deposited in the combined HW-CVD:PECVD system were investigated. The conditions needed to obtain a range of materials, including amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline silicon films were determined and then successfully replicated.
The structure of each material was analysed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The presence of crystallites in the material was confirmed and the structure of the material detected by TEM was compared to the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of each sample was decoupled into three components representing the amorphous, intermediate and crystalline phases. The Raman analysis revealed that the amorphous silicon thin film had a dominant amorphous phase with smaller contribution from the intermediate and crystalline phase. This result supported the findings of the TEM studies which showed some medium range order. Analysis of the Raman spectrum for samples deposited at increasing filament temperatures showed that the degree of order within the samples increased, with the evolution of the crystalline phase and decline of the amorphous phase. The Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns obtained from the TEM were analysed to gain qualitative information regarding the change in crystallite size. These findings have been confirmed by the TEM micrograph measurements.
The deposition regime where the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon took place was examined by varying the deposition parameters of filament temperature, total pressure in the chamber, gas flow rate, deposition time and substrate temperature.
The IR absorption spectrum for [mu]c-Si showed the typical peaks at 2100cm-1 and 626cm-1, of the stretching and wagging modes, respectively. The increase in the crystallinity of the thin films was consistent with the evolution of the 2100cm-1 band in IR, and the decreasing hydrogen content, as well as the shift of the wagging mode to lower wavenumber. IR spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive technique for detecting the crystalline phase in the deposited material.
Several devices were also constructed by depositing the [mu]c-Si thin films as the intrinsic layer in a solar cell, to obtain information on their characteristics. The p- layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited in the PECVD chamber, and the sample was then transferred under vacuum using the transport system to the HW-CVD chamber where the i-layer (microcrystalline silicon) was deposited. The sample holder was transferred back to the PECVD chamber where the n-layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited.
The research presented in this thesis represents a preliminary investigation of the properties of [mu]c-Si thin films. Once the properties and optimum deposition characteristics for thin films are established, this research can form the basis for the optimization of a solar cell consisting of the most efficient combination of amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline materials.
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Mohamed, Eman. "Microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition." Mohamed, Eman (2004) Microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/205/.
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Silicon is widely used in optoelectronic devices, including solar cells. In recent years new forms of silicon have become available, including amorphous, microcrystalline and nano-crystalline material. These new forms have great promise for low cost, thin film solar cells and the purpose of this work is to investigate their preparation and properties with a view to their future use in solar cells.
A Hot Wire-Deposition Chemical Vapour Deposition CVD (HW-CVD) system was constructed to create a multi-chamber high vacuum system in combination with an existing Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system; to study the amorphous to crystalline transition in silicon thin films. As the two chambers were linked by a common airlock, it was essential to construct a transfer mechanism to allow the transfer of the sample holder between the two systems. This was accomplished by the incorporation of two gate valves between the two chambers and the common airlock as well as a rail system and a magnetic drive that were designed to support the weight of, and to guide the sample holder through the system.
The effect of different deposition conditions on the properties and structure of the material deposited in the combined HW-CVD:PECVD system were investigated. The conditions needed to obtain a range of materials, including amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline silicon films were determined and then successfully replicated.
The structure of each material was analysed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The presence of crystallites in the material was confirmed and the structure of the material detected by TEM was compared to the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of each sample was decoupled into three components representing the amorphous, intermediate and crystalline phases. The Raman analysis revealed that the amorphous silicon thin film had a dominant amorphous phase with smaller contribution from the intermediate and crystalline phase. This result supported the findings of the TEM studies which showed some medium range order. Analysis of the Raman spectrum for samples deposited at increasing filament temperatures showed that the degree of order within the samples increased, with the evolution of the crystalline phase and decline of the amorphous phase. The Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns obtained from the TEM were analysed to gain qualitative information regarding the change in crystallite size. These findings have been confirmed by the TEM micrograph measurements.
The deposition regime where the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon took place was examined by varying the deposition parameters of filament temperature, total pressure in the chamber, gas flow rate, deposition time and substrate temperature.
The IR absorption spectrum for [mu]c-Si showed the typical peaks at 2100cm-1 and 626cm-1, of the stretching and wagging modes, respectively. The increase in the crystallinity of the thin films was consistent with the evolution of the 2100cm-1 band in IR, and the decreasing hydrogen content, as well as the shift of the wagging mode to lower wavenumber. IR spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive technique for detecting the crystalline phase in the deposited material.
Several devices were also constructed by depositing the [mu]c-Si thin films as the intrinsic layer in a solar cell, to obtain information on their characteristics. The p- layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited in the PECVD chamber, and the sample was then transferred under vacuum using the transport system to the HW-CVD chamber where the i-layer (microcrystalline silicon) was deposited. The sample holder was transferred back to the PECVD chamber where the n-layer (amorphous silicon) was deposited.
The research presented in this thesis represents a preliminary investigation of the properties of [mu]c-Si thin films. Once the properties and optimum deposition characteristics for thin films are established, this research can form the basis for the optimization of a solar cell consisting of the most efficient combination of amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline materials.
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Tsoulka, Polyxeni. "Local inhomogeneities in polycrystalline wide band gap Culn1-xGaxSe2 thin-films." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4009/document.
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Les cellules solaires à base de CuIn1-xGaxSe2 sont des dispositifs en couches minces permettant d’atteindre des hauts rendements de conversion photovoltaïque. Le CuIn1-xGaxSe2 est un absorbeur permettant d’adapter l’énergie de la bande interdite de la cellule solaire en changeant la teneur en Ga. Le rendement record de conversion photovoltaïque actuel a été obtenu pour x~0.3, alors que la théorie indique qu’il devrait être obtenu pour un x~0.7. L’origine de cette limite pour x élevé reste en débat. Dans cette thèse, on étudie deux origines liées aux interfaces internes de CuIn1-xGaxSe2 à savoir i) le changement d’élément ségrégé aux joints de grains pour des fortes et faibles teneurs en Ga et ii) la ségrégation défavorable du séléniure du cuivre au volume ou à la surface. Dans une première partie, une étude par premiers principes (DFT) montre que la ségrégation substitutionnelle de l’In par Ga (ou de Ga par In) n’est pas favorisée dans un joint de macle. Dans le cas plus général d’une surface notre étude sur les forces motrices de ségrégation montre qu’il est plus facile de faire ségréger une impureté d’In qui se trouve dans une matrice de CuGaSe2 que l’inverse. Dans la seconde partie, les résultats expérimentaux du CuIn1-xGaxSe2 indiquent qu’en augmentant le taux de Ga la couche devient plus inhomogène. Cela est dû aux inhomogénéités locales de concentration en Cu dans la couche. L’origine de ce phénomène est liée à la cinétique de la formation de CuGaSe2 qui est lente et à la faible diffusion du Cu et du Ga. Nous proposons une étape de relaxation supplémentaire pendant la co-évaporation de CuIn1-xGaxSe2 qui permet de faciliter la croissance des grains, d’améliorer l’homogénéité de la couche et d’atteindre l’équilibre attendu<br>Amongst the different semiconductor materials used as absorber layers, polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 is one of the most promising materials in the thin-film photovoltaic technology. Due to the high efficiency, stability and band gap tunability with x, thin-film solar cells based on CuIn1-xGaxSe2 absorber layer are already industrially implemented. Moreover, in the multi-junction solar cell technology the aim of reaching higher efficiencies while keeping the fabrication costs low, makes the wide band gap indium-free CuGaSe2 absorber layer an interesting candidate as a top cell in a hybrid tandem solar cell based on c-Si bottom cell. However, the actual energy conversion efficiency strongly decreases for x larger than 0.3 and it does not follow the theoretical predictions indicating better performances for x around 0.7. The difficulty to obtain a high device performance for large x has been a worldwide question for several years and many theories have been proposed to explain the limited conversion efficiency. A possible cause of the limited CuIn1-xGaxSe2 performance for large x involves the local inhomogeneities at the inter- or intra-grain regions, since the nature of the accumulated species or compound at the interfaces can be detrimental or beneficial for the solar cell efficiency. In this thesis we investigate two possible phenomena that are likely to occur at the CIGSe interfaces i) a preferential elemental segregation at the grain boundaries and ii) the detrimental copper selenide surface segregation or bulk precipitation. In this work, the elemental segregation is investigated at equilibrium by coupling ab initio calculations and thermodynamic modeling. Our results indicate that substitutional (InGa or GaIn antisite) cannot be expected in the most frequently present interfaces such as the twin grain boundaries. A complementary and simple analysis of the main segregation driving forces was also studied in order to understand the segregation in the more general cases, such as the surface segregation. Our calculations show that In is slightly more favorable to segregate at the surface rather than Ga. The experimental analysis on CuIn1-xGaxSe2 films at intermediate and large x reveals that increasing x the Cu content in the CuIn1-xGaxSe2 film can locally differ, creating detrimental Cu-enriched domains within the bulk of the film. This phenomenon is due to the slow kinetics at large x and the reduced Cu and Ga interdiffusion. In this work, we propose a strategy to avoid these local inhomogeneities by applying a relaxation stage during the CuIn1-xGaxSe2 deposition process. This stage improves the photovoltaic performance, since it leads to a long-range equilibration, grain growth, annihilation of voids and a close to stoichiometry bulk which was expected
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Ament, David Lloyd. "Boiling heat transfer in thin liquid films with a wire mesh screen on the liquid surface." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19483.
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Shannon, Patrick. "Presumptive wing morph and thermal preference in juvenile sand crickets (Gryllus firmus)." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60510.
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The influence of photoperiod and genotype on thermal preference of juvenile Gryllus firmus was explored. Both rearing condition and genotype affect temperature preference. The following results were obtained: (1) the wing morph of juveniles raised at 28$ sp circ$C 16hL:8hD is determined before 20 days post hatching. (2) Crickets distribute themselves on the apparatus differently in the presence of a thermal gradient than in its absence: such controls for positioning preference are rare in the literature. (3) Juveniles younger than 20 days old tend to choose higher surface temperatures and achieve higher body temperatures if either rearing photoperiod or selection predisposes them to microptery and choose lower temperatures if they are predisposed towards macroptery. (4) The differences in thermal preference between presumptive macropters and micropters remains significant after differences in body size are taken into account. The differences in thermal preference could act as a novel mechanism for lowering the heritability of wing morph.
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Vandersand, James Dennis. "Growth of 6H-SiC homoepitaxy on substrates off-cut between the [01-10] planes." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072002-095154.
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Mueller, Eric Victor. "LES Modeling of Flow through Vegetation with Applications to Wildland Fires." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/334.
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Due to continued outward expansion of industry and community development into the wildland-urban interface (WUI), the threat to life safety and property from wildland fires has become a significant problem. Such fire scenarios can be better understood through the use of computation fluid dynamics based fire-spread models. However, current physical fire models must be specifically adapted to handle the phenomena associated with WUI fires. Only then can they be reliably used as research and decision making tools to help mitigate the problem. In this research, the current standard in wildland fire modeling for representing the effect on wind flow from a porous vegetative medium is examined. The technique used employs basic correlations for object drag, and its validity with respect to real vegetation has yet to be examined in detail by the scientific community. The modeling of vegetation is studied within the framework of the existing Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), and the potential need for continued development is assessed. Comparisons are made to both experimental and numerical studies. Additionally, the validity of the model is considered at both the scale of an individual tree, as well as that of a whole forest canopy. Results show that as a first approximation the model is able to perform well in the latter case. At the scale of an individual tree, however, the behavior is governed by theoretical constants. The assumption of cylindrical vegetation elements performs slightly better than the commonly used spherical case, but neither adequately captures experimental tendencies. Accurate flow representation for single trees is crucial to modeling the key driving factors of fire behavior (such as combustion and heat transfer) in small scale WUI scenarios. Ultimately, this study illustrates the need for well-designed experiments, specifically to generate empirical constants which will improve the behavior of the simplified theory.
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Климов, Олексій Володимирович, Алексей Владимирович Климов, Oleksii Volodymyrovych Klymov, et al. "Raman investigation and electro-physical properties of II-VI wide-band gap films." Thesis, Publishing House of Bucharest University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29353.
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В даній роботі розглядались електро-фізичні властивості сполук групи А2В6 та їх дослідження за допомогою раманівської спектроскопії.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29353<br>В данной работе рассматривались электро-физические свойства соединений группы А2В6 и их исследования с помощью рамановского спектроскопии.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29353<br>In this work shown electro-physical properties of the compounds of group A2B6 and their research using Raman spectroscopy.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29353
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Schiaber, Ziani de Souza [UNESP]. "Influência da temperatura e do tipo de substrato em filmes de GaN depositados por magnetron sputtering reativo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99683.
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schiaber_zs_me_bauru.pdf: 1292517 bytes, checksum: a77a9460815db1ad11c8b75efaad7290 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Semicondutores de gap largo são materiais de grande interesse devido às suas amplas aplicações tecnológicas. Entre os semicondutores de gap largo se destaca o GaN que apresenta características desejáveis para tais aplicações, como valor de energia de bandgap de 3,4 eV, alta condutividade térmica e alta dureza. As técnicas convencionais para a produção de filmes finos de GaN são a epitaxia por feixe molecular (MBE) e deposição de vapor químico de precursores metalorgânicos (MOVPE), porém tais técnicas possuem um elevado custo. Este trabalho discorre sobre a preparação e caracterização de filmes policristalinos de GaN pela técnica alternativa de RF magnetron sputtering reativo com diferentes temperaturas e tipos de substratos. Analisou-se o efeito da variação destes dois parâmetros sobre estrutura e propriedades ópticas destes filmes. Utilizou-se medidas de difração de raios-X, microscopia de força atômica, transmitância no ultravioleta/visível/infravermelho e espectroscopia de espalhamento Rutherford (RBS). As medidas realizadas reportaram que tanto a temperatura quanto o tipo de substrato influenciaram na textura de orientação, morfologia e propriedades ópticas dos filmes. Medidas de transmitância no infravermelho indicaram a presença de bandas relacionadas à contaminação com higrogênio e oxigênio em filmes depositados em temperaturas de substratos menores que 500ºC. As referidas contaminações são compatíveis com a análise residual da água detectada no sistema de deposições, e não foram observadas em temperaturas maiores de substrato. Os diafratogramas de raios-X revelaram que somente em temperaturas altas (Ts>500ºC) a textura de orientação dos filmes é influenciada pelo substrato utilizado, podendo apresentar indícios de crescimento epitaxial. As medidas...<br>Wide bandgap semiconductor materials are of great interest due to the broad range of their technological applications. Among the wide bandgap semiconductor GaN stands out due to its desirable characteristics for such aplications as the value of energy bandgap of 3.4 eV, high thermal conductivity and high hardness. Conventional techniques for producing GaN thin films are the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and chemical vapor deposition of metalorganinc precursors (MOVPE), nevertheless these are high techniques. This work brings into focus the preparation and characterization of polycrystalline GaN films by the alternative technique of reactive RF magnetron sputtering with different temperatures and substrates. The effects of varying theses two parameters on structured and optical properties of these films were analysed. Therefore, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical transmittance in the ultraviolet/visible/infrared, and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) were used to characterize the samples. The results show that temperature, substrate type, and substrate orientation influence the texture, morphology and optical properties of the films. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the orientation texture of films is influenced by the substrate used only at high substrate temperature (Ts>500ºC). This evidences a tendency of epitaxial growth. Besides, the atomic force microscopy at temperature above 500ºC showed that the surface morphology is different for amorphous and crystalline substrates. It also became evident that the decrease of deposition rate and bandgap of the films with increasing deposition temperature is possibly due to nitrogen deficiency by the high rate of desorption at these temperatures. In addition, measurements of trasmisttanc in the infrared Fourier Transform indicated the presence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Armstrong, Andrew M. "Investigation of deep level defects in GaN:C, GaN:Mg and pseudomorphic AlGaN/GaN films." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164038818.
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Gahard, Claude F. "An estimation of the ability to forecast boundary layer mixing height and wind parameters through forecast verification over Fort Ord." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FGahard.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Wendell A. Nuss, David S. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66). Also available online.
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Kersting, Rudolf. "Wie die Sinne auf Montage gehen : zur ästhetischen Theorie des Kino Films /." Frankfurt am Main : Stroemfeld : Roter Stern, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37567384t.
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Cooper, Adrienne D. "Two-way communication a win-win model for facing activists pressure : a case study on McDonald's and Unilever's responses to Greenpeace /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/646.
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McGlynn, Andrew G. "Optical and X-ray spectroscopy of wide band gap semiconductors and organic thin films." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/04bbda69-25aa-4feb-90e4-564dc66b3043.
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This thesis reports upon synchrotron based luminescence studies of wide band gap semi-conductors and organic thin films. The optical and structural electronic properties of cubic and hexagonal boron nitride have been studied using X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence (XEOL) and Optically Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (OD-XAS). UV/visible emission was identified in both h-BN and c-BN with additional exciton related deep UV emission for the former. UV excited luminescence measurements were used to determine the band gap energies of h-BN and c-BN, these were found to be 5.96eV ± 0.04eV and 6.36eV ± 0.03eV respectively. Spatially resolved XEOL and OD-XAS was used to investigate c-BN microcrystals revealing lateral differences in luminescence and local structure. Synchrotron/laser pump probe spectroscopy was applied to investigate defect states in h-BN and c-BN. Subsequent correlation to the XEOL emission was made proving these defects states to be responsible for the lowest energy emission bands in both materials. Angular resolved NEXAFS, photo-luminescence (PL) and OD-XAS was used to characterise spin coated thin organic films of poly(phenylamine). The material was shown to exhibit preferred orientation within the film, but spatially resolved imaging OD-XAS revealed lateral variation in the molecular orientation. Electrospray deposition was developed for the growth of thin organic semiconducting films in ultra high vacuum. PL and OD-XAS studies were carried out on pure and mixed films of tetra sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (tsCuPc) and poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO). Only the mixed complexes displayed infrared emission resulting from disstacking of the tsCuPc by the PEO within the film.
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Toporkov, Mykyta. "Growth and Characterization of Wide Bandgap Quaternary BeMgZnO Thin Films and BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructures." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4196.
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This thesis reports a comprehensive study of quaternary BeMgZnO alloy and BeMgZnO/ZnO heterostructures for UV-optoelectronics electronic applications. It was shown that by tuning Be and Mg contents in the heterostructures, high carrier densities of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are achievable and makes its use possible for high power RF applications. Additionally, optical bandgaps as high as 5.1 eV were achieved for single crystal wurtzite material which allows the use of the alloy for solar blind optoelectronics (Eg>4.5eV) or intersubband devices.
A systematic experimental and theoretical study of lattice parameters and bandgaps of quaternary BeMgZnO alloy was performed for the whole range of compositions. Composition independent bowing parameters were determined which allows accurate predictions of experimentally measured values.
The BeMgZnO thin films were grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (P-MBE) in a wide range of compositions. The optimization of the growth conditions and its effects on the material properties were explored. The surface morphology and electrical characteristics of the films grown on (0001) sapphire were found to critically depend on the metal-to-oxygen ratio. Samples grown under slightly oxygen-rich conditions exhibited the lowest RMS surface roughness (as low as 0.5 nm). Additionally, the films grown under oxygen-rich conditions were semi-insulating (>105 Ω∙cm), while the films grown under metal-rich conditions were semiconducting (~102 Ω∙cm). Additionally, with increasing bandgap Stokes shift increases, reaching ~0.5 eV for the films with 4.6 eV absorption edge suggests the presence of band tail states introduced by potential fluctuations and alloying.
From spectrally resolved PL transients, BeMgZnO films grown on a GaN/sapphire template having higher Mg/Be content ratio exhibit smaller localization depth and brighter photoluminescence at low temperatures. The optimum content ratio for better room temperature optical performance was found to be ~2.5.
The BeMgZnO material system and heterostructures are promising candidates for the device fabrication. 2DEG densities of MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures were shown to improve significantly (above 1013 cm-2) by adding even a small amount of Be (1-5%). As an essential step toward device fabrication, reliable ohmic contacts to ZnO were established with remarkably low specific contact resistivities below 10-6 Ohm-cm2 for films with 1018 cm-3 carrier density.
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Piquette, Eric C. McGill T. C. "Molecular beam heteroepitaxial growth and characterization of wide band gap semiconductor films and devices /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1999. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11292006-152956.
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Öhman, Peter, and Aylin Evren. "The largest spender wins? An empirical study of how R&D expenditure drives firm growth in listed Swedish companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446760.
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The main purpose of this study is to enhance the analysis of the impact of R&D expenditure on firms’ growth. This study adopts an OLS regression for a data sample of 46 firms listed on Nasdaq Stockholm for the 2006-2019 period. We present models with R&D expenditure and R&D intensity as the main mechanisms of firm growth, defined as sales growth in this study. Furthermore, firm size, firm age and sector belonging determining the R&D and sales growth relationship are also investigated. We find that R&D intensity has a statistically significant negative impact on firm growth, while R&D expenditure does not show a statistically significant relationship to firm growth. Thus, the results of this paper suggest that devoting a higher proportion of your sales to R&D activities does not translate into firm growth.
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Fay, Michael W. "Advanced electron microscopy of wide band-gap semiconductor materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340213.
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Lipowsky, Peter. "Deposition of metal oxide thin films from solutions containing organic additives." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-33262.
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Опанасюк, Анатолій Сергійович, Анатолий Сергеевич Опанасюк, Anatolii Serhiiovych Opanasiuk, et al. "Structural and optical-properties of CdTe and CdMnTe films." Thesis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30130.
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We undertook a detailed investigation of the structural- and optical-properties of CdTe- and Cd1-xMnxTe-semiconductor films deposited by close-spaced vacuum sublimation using thermal evaporation on non-oriented substrates. From our structural- and phase-analysis of the layers, we obtained information on their structure, deformations, grain size, and content of dislocations for films deposited at different substrate temperatures. We considered that despite the presence of defects in the crystals, the films offer promise for fabrication into x-ray detectors.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30130
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Bhagat, Rajeev. "Application of wide-angle scattering techniques using microfocus X-ray beam to investigate structural variation in polymer laminates." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301486.
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Crnokrak, Peter. "The evolution of alternative morphologies : an empirical investigation in the wing dimorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ44396.pdf.
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DeRose, Marc A. "The effect of inbreeding in various traits in a colonizing wing dimorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0025/MQ50755.pdf.
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Towfie, Nazley. "Dynamic variation of hydrogen dilution during hot-wire chemical vapour deposition of silicon thin films." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3813.
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It has been debated that among all the renewable energy alternatives, only solar energy offers sufficient resources to meet energy demands. Silicon thin film solar cells are at the frontier of commercial solar technology. Hot wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) is the technique of choice for silicon thin film deposition due to the absence of ion bombardment and its independence toward geometry or electromagnetic properties of the substrate, as seen by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). With the implementation of nanostructures in a
multi-band gap tandem solar cell, considerable improvement has been achieved over the single junction solar cells. Defect assisted tunnelling processes at the junctions between individual solar cells in a tandem structure solar cell largely affect the efficiency of these solar cells. In this contribution, the investigation toward the improvement of silicon thin films for tandem solar cell application is initiated. This study reports on the effects of hydrogen dilution and deposition time on six silicon thin films deposited at six specific deposition regimes. The thin film properties are investigated via X-Ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. This investigation revealed the dominating etching effect of atomic hydrogen with
the increase in hydrogen dilution and a bonded hydrogen content (CH) exceeding 10 at.% for each of the six thin films. The optically determined void volume fraction and static refractive index remain constant, for each thin film, with the change in CH. A new deposition procedure, utilising the deposition conditions of the previously investigated thin films, is performed by HWCVD to deposit two silicon thin films. This deposition procedure involved either increasing (protocol 1) or decreasing (protocol 2) hydrogen dilution during deposition. Structural and optical variation with depth was observed for the dynamically deposited silicon thin films, with nano-voids existing across the entire cross section and bond angle variations which are indicative of good structural order. The optical absorption curves differ for the two silicon thin films whereas the optical density remains constant for both.<br>>Magister Scientiae - MSc
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Halindintwali, Sylvain. "A study of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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In this thesis, intrinsic hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films for solar cells application have been deposited by means of the hot &ndash<br>wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) technique and have been characterised for their performance. It is noticed that <br>hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon is similar in some aspects (mainly optical) to its counterpart amorphous silicon actually used as the intrinsic layer in the photovoltaic industry. Substantial differences between the two materials have been found however in their respective structural and electronic properties.<br />
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We show that hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon retains good absorption coefficients known for amorphous silicon in the visible region. The order improvement and a reduced content of the bonded hydrogen in the films are linked to their good stability. We argue that provided a moderate hydrogen dilution ratio in the monosilane gas and efficient process pressure in the deposition chamber, intrinsic hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon with photosensitivity better than 102 and most importantly resistant to the Staebler Wronski effect (SWE) can be produced. <br />
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This work explores the optical, structural and electronic properties of this promising material whose study &ndash<br>samples have been exclusively produced in the HWCVD reactors based in the Solar Cells laboratory of the Physics department at the University of the Western Cape.
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Schiaber, Ziani de Souza. "Influência da temperatura e do tipo de substrato em filmes de GaN depositados por magnetron sputtering reativo /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99683.
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Orientador: José Humberto Dias da Silva<br>Banca: Mario Antonio Bica de Moraes<br>Banca: Jose Roberto Ribeiro Bortoleto<br>Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pequisa em materiais de diversos campi<br>Resumo: Semicondutores de gap largo são materiais de grande interesse devido às suas amplas aplicações tecnológicas. Entre os semicondutores de gap largo se destaca o GaN que apresenta características desejáveis para tais aplicações, como valor de energia de bandgap de 3,4 eV, alta condutividade térmica e alta dureza. As técnicas convencionais para a produção de filmes finos de GaN são a epitaxia por feixe molecular (MBE) e deposição de vapor químico de precursores metalorgânicos (MOVPE), porém tais técnicas possuem um elevado custo. Este trabalho discorre sobre a preparação e caracterização de filmes policristalinos de GaN pela técnica alternativa de RF magnetron sputtering reativo com diferentes temperaturas e tipos de substratos. Analisou-se o efeito da variação destes dois parâmetros sobre estrutura e propriedades ópticas destes filmes. Utilizou-se medidas de difração de raios-X, microscopia de força atômica, transmitância no ultravioleta/visível/infravermelho e espectroscopia de espalhamento Rutherford (RBS). As medidas realizadas reportaram que tanto a temperatura quanto o tipo de substrato influenciaram na textura de orientação, morfologia e propriedades ópticas dos filmes. Medidas de transmitância no infravermelho indicaram a presença de bandas relacionadas à contaminação com higrogênio e oxigênio em filmes depositados em temperaturas de substratos menores que 500ºC. As referidas contaminações são compatíveis com a análise residual da água detectada no sistema de deposições, e não foram observadas em temperaturas maiores de substrato. Os diafratogramas de raios-X revelaram que somente em temperaturas altas (Ts>500ºC) a textura de orientação dos filmes é influenciada pelo substrato utilizado, podendo apresentar indícios de crescimento epitaxial. As medidas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Wide bandgap semiconductor materials are of great interest due to the broad range of their technological applications. Among the wide bandgap semiconductor GaN stands out due to its desirable characteristics for such aplications as the value of energy bandgap of 3.4 eV, high thermal conductivity and high hardness. Conventional techniques for producing GaN thin films are the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and chemical vapor deposition of metalorganinc precursors (MOVPE), nevertheless these are high techniques. This work brings into focus the preparation and characterization of polycrystalline GaN films by the alternative technique of reactive RF magnetron sputtering with different temperatures and substrates. The effects of varying theses two parameters on structured and optical properties of these films were analysed. Therefore, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical transmittance in the ultraviolet/visible/infrared, and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) were used to characterize the samples. The results show that temperature, substrate type, and substrate orientation influence the texture, morphology and optical properties of the films. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the orientation texture of films is influenced by the substrate used only at high substrate temperature (Ts>500ºC). This evidences a tendency of epitaxial growth. Besides, the atomic force microscopy at temperature above 500ºC showed that the surface morphology is different for amorphous and crystalline substrates. It also became evident that the decrease of deposition rate and bandgap of the films with increasing deposition temperature is possibly due to nitrogen deficiency by the high rate of desorption at these temperatures. In addition, measurements of trasmisttanc in the infrared Fourier Transform indicated the presence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Zuniga, Gustavo Camilo Rosero. "Proposta de regulamentação para usinas eólicas através da sua energia firme." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127893.
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Dentro das fontes renováveis de energia, a energia eólica é uma das mais estudadas e que tem uma importante participação na capacidade instalada no mundo. Porém, é uma alternativa que está concentrada em poucos países como uma verdadeira opção para cobrir a demanda de energia elétrica. As principais razões dessa concentração estão ligadas a questões climáticas, econômicas e de regulamentação. Em relação à questão econômica a principal limitação é o custo da energia em comparação com fontes tradicionais; na questão de regulamentação o limitante é a carência de métodos de cálculo e regras que incentivem a instalação de usinas. Para vencer essas limitações é proposta uma regulamentação do tipo econômica baseada na energia firme das usinas eólicas. A influência desse incentivo pode ser medida no comportamento de uma usina eólica hipotética atuando sem regulamentação no mercado elétrico e em um cenário com a regulamentação proposta. A energia firme é um conceito que existe para fontes hidráulicas e térmicas. Usando esse conceito com as características da energia eólica, é possível desenvolver uma metodologia de cálculo que incentiva a implementação de projetos em países com escassa tradição eólica. O resultado permite calcular um fator característico de energia firme para cada tipo de aerogerador e uma forma de remuneração que atua no valor presente líquido do projeto.<br>Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is one of the most studied and has an important stake in installed capacity in the world. However, it is an alternative concentrated in a few countries as a real option to cover the energy demand. The main reasons for this concentration are linked to climate, economic and regulatory issues. Regarding the economic issue the main limitation is the cost of energy production in comparison to other sources; the limitation of the regulatory issue is the lack of calculation methods and rules that encourage the installation of wind power plants. To overcome these limitations, it is proposed an economic regulation based on firm energy of wind farms. The influence of this incentive can be measured in the behavior of a hypothetical wind farm operating in an electricity market without regulation and in a scenario with the proposed regulation. The firm energy is a concept that exists for hydraulic and thermal sources. Using this concept with the characteristics of wind power, it is possible to develop a methodology for calculation that encourages the implementation of projects in countries with small wind power installed capacity. The result allows calculating a characteristic factor of firm energy for each type of wind turbine and a method of remuneration, which operates on the net present value of a project.
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Проценко, Сергій Іванович, Сергей Иванович Проценко, Serhii Ivanovych Protsenko, Олена Вікторівна Федченко, Елена Викторовна Федченко, and Olena Viktorivna Fedchenko. "Strain resistive properties of films on the basis of copper and cobalt in wide deformation range." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20972.
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MacLennan, Gary. "From the actual to the real : left wing documentary film in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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This thesis constructs and develops a critique of the tradition of left wing documentary film in Australia. The critique is from the perspective of the Critical Realist paradigm developed by Roy Bhaskar and others. The thesis is both an attempt to critique a tradition and to provide a new basis for documentary theory and criticism. On the theoretical level the thesis engages the work of the
leading documentary film theorists including Noel Carroll, Bill Nichols, Paula Rabinowitz, Michael Renov and Trinh T. Minh-ha. These theorists take up positions, which range from New Realist to Poststructuralist. It is the contention of this thesis that, because they lack a notion of a stratified ontology, they are unable to sustain either
a critique of or a coherent account of documentary practice.
The definition of left wing that underpins the selection of the films is a narrow one, namely, coming from or influenced by the Marxist tradtion. The criticism of the films begins with Joris Ivens Indonesia Calling (1946) and concludes with Tom Zubrycki's Billal (l996).
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Soh, Tatcha Charles. "Sens et doublage cinématographique : étude de doublage de "Gone with the wind" (David O. Selznick et Victor Fleming, 1939), d'après le roman de Margaret Mitchell, traduit et doublé en français sous le titre "Autant en emporte le vent"." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030169.
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Doublage afin de rendre compte du mécanisme intellectuel mis en œuvre au cours d'un film, nous avons étudié le processus intellectuel de la compréhension et de la déverbalisation en vue d'une réexpression équivalente en version double. à partir d'exemples extraits d'"Autant en emporte le vent", cette analyse a permis d'expliquer les mécanismes de la constitution du sens en doublage, et de présenter les grands types de synchronisme (phonétique, syntaxique et artistique) dont dépend la qualité du doublage. L'étude nous a permis de montrer qu'en dépit de la complexité du texte de doublage qui est le produit de l'association de l'image et du son imposant le respect des différents synchronismes, le sens, objet du doublage et de toute traduction doit être cerné et réexprimé naturellement et spontanément<br>In order to analyse the intellectual mechanism at work in the process of film dubbing, we have studied the intellectual process of film comprehension for an equivalent rewording of the dubbed version of the film. Basing our examples on extracts of "Gone with the wind", this study enables us to explain the mechanism through which meaning is formed and reworded during the process of film dubbing. We also analyse the major types of synchronisation (phonetic, syntactic and artistic) on which dubbing quality also depends. Finally, this study also enables us to show that regardless of the complexity of the film dubbing text which is an association of sound and image entailing the respect of synchronisation, meaning, which is at the heart of any form of translation, be it written or dubbed, should be clearly understood and reworded naturally and spontaneously
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Myers, Alexandra. "A computational study of the effect of cross wind on the flow of fire fighting agent." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMyers.pdf.
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Ichino, Yusuke, Kimihiko Sudoh, Koji Miyachi, et al. "Orientation mechanism of REBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ (RE = Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, Yb) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition." IEEE, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6741.
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Moularé, Éboua Yves Éric Didier. "The Influence of Stakeholders on the Sustainable Development of the Wind Power Industry in Canada: The Firm’s Perspective." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33456.
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We propose making an empirical application of the temporal view of stakeholder management theory by applying it in the particular context of the Canadian wind industry. The temporal view builds on insights from the resource-based view (RBV), institutional theory, and stakeholder salience theory. We argue that both early stage competitive advantage and late stage sustained competitive advantage could be dependent on the use of salient stakeholders as a special network of resources. We contribute to the literature in various ways. First we determine an empirical list of five salient stakeholders specific to the wind industry. Second, we show that, at early stages, the moderating effects of firm size and market conditions determines stakeholder support or rejection. Lastly, we show that, at late stages, the sustainability equation must take into account the introduction of new salient stakeholders. Also, we make practical recommendations for industry players and policy makers. We reached theory refinement by adopting an exploratory qualitative methodology based on interviews with seven cases of large and small wind firms operating in different electricity market types and provinces across Canada.
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Tungasmita, Sukkaneste. "Growth of wide-band gap AIN and (SiC)x(AIN)₁₋x thin films by reactive magnetron sputter deposition /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/tek711s.pdf.
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Svensson, Sofie, and Maria Rothén. "Voluntary carbon offsetting : A case study of Husqvarna AB from a firm, consumer and society wide perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12986.
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<p>Global warming is an international problem which has led to that many corporations today has an increased environmental awareness.</p><p>This thesis includes a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach which evaluates whether carbon offsetting is a profitable alternative for corporations and society wide. The study is predominately focusing on the emissions of the greenhouse gas . The calculations of CBA show the difference between the scenarios with or without the carbon offsetting. In the CBA approach effects are divided into benefits and costs.</p><p>The study includes a case study of Husqvarna AB and is carried through with aim to get a decision support whether or not to make the corporation carbon neutral. Basic data from Husqvarna AB has been used.</p>