Academic literature on the topic 'Wine growers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wine growers"
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Goetz, Jill. "Wine growers face new complexities." California Agriculture 54, no. 3 (May 2000): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n03p5.
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Fares, M'hand, and Luis Orozco. "Tournament Mechanism in Wine-Grape Contracts: Evidence from a French Wine Cooperative." Journal of Wine Economics 9, no. 3 (December 2014): 320–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2014.29.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the contractual relationship between a wine cooperative (winery) and its member (growers). This relationship is plagued by moral hazard and adverse selection problems in grape quality. Indeed, growers can be opportunistic since the cooperative is unable to observe: (1) their effort level due to imperfect monitoring technology; and (2) their productive abilities (types) due to adverse selection. Because the growers' vineyard practices and efforts are one of the main determinants of grape quality, the cooperative implements an incentive compensation system to induce growers to make the maximum effort toward the achievement of quality. This compensation scheme is similar to that in tournaments (Green and Stokey, 1983; Knoeber, 1989; Lazear and Rosen, 1981; Prendergast, 1999). In our case, the cooperative promotes competition between growers by offering a promotion to a higher-quality contract, while, at the same time, organizing the contest by creating homogeneous groups of growers using a menu of contracts and monitoring through regular visits to the vineyard. Using a database of 1,219 contracts, we test the effect of: (1) the cooperative's tournament compensation scheme; (2) the menu of contracts and monitoring mechanism. The results of our econometric estimations provide some confirmation of both effects. (JEL classifications: L14, D82, Q13)
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Thèlier-Huché, Lydie, and René Morlat. "Anjou wine growers perception and valorization of the terroir." OENO One 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.1.1016.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">A “terroir” study, based on the “Basic Terroir Unit” concept (B.T.U.), has been realized in the french vineyard of Anjou (Loire Valley). In the characterization of B.T.U.’s natural factors, the geological component (geological stage and lithology) is the first key used to B.T.U. identification. The second affects the soil and its variability. A ground model has been elaborated as suitable to mapping small areas showing a sufficient homogeneous vine behavior. This pattern, based on the soil depth and the weathering intensity of the parent rock, allows to distinguish three main type of environments : “ rock, alteration, alterite”.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Furthermore, a viticultural survey based on parcels has been carried out and coupled to the characterization and mapping of B.T.U. The data crossing, by an information geographic system (I.G.S.), of these two approaches allowed an analysis of the wine growers empirical perception and valorization of “terroir”.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The survey has been realized among all wine-growers’ home, in the twelve main viticultural municipalities of the studied area. The different kinds of questions were about to : the socio-economical farm aspects, the vine and its ecophysiological behavior, the viticultural and oenological wine grower practices, the wine grower’s soil empirical knowledge, the climate and the parcel potentiality. Most questions presented three modalities of answers for each variable : “in the average, higher or lower than the average”. Results were treated with two methods : crossing selection and multiple factor analysis. These analysis were realized at two scales : the first one which was the ground model " rock, alteration, alterite " applied in the whole studied area, so called “general ground model” ; and the second one which was the B.T.U. for the both main geological systems : the metagrauwacke of the brioverian period and the green to grey sandstone schist of the ordovician-devonian period. At the first scale, the wine growers have well differentiated the both opposite rock and alterite environments, by climatic (air temperature, frost risk), pedoclimatic (temperature and soil moisture regime) and pedological (soil depth and stone content) criteria. The environment “ alteration ” is less well characterized from the survey but also from the characterization method of natural factors. The vine behavior (bud break earliness, canopy development in the both normal year and dry year) is also influenced, according to the survey, by the environment type. Wine growers have partly integrated these detected differences between parcels on their viticultural (grape variety, number of selection for grape harvesting) and oenological practices (kind of wine, vinification and marketing of wine per parcel, yeast using).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The analysis at the B.T.U. scale have confirmed the pertinence of the ground model “ rock, alteration, alterite ” on the perception of pedologic and pedoclimatic characteristics and a great influence of the geological system on the local climatic factors and on the vine behavior.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The coherence of results between these two approaches (survey and integrated characterization) would allow the data acquisition, per survey, about several variables that are not directly collected during the B.T.U. mapping phasis.</p>
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Hillis, Vicken, Mark Lubell, Jonathan Kaplan, and Kendra Baumgartner. "Preventative Disease Management and Grower Decision Making: A Case Study of California Wine-Grape Growers." Phytopathology® 107, no. 6 (June 2017): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-16-0274-r.
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Preventative disease management is challenging to farmers because it requires paying immediate costs in the hopes of returning uncertain future benefits. Understanding farmer decision making about prevention has the potential to reduce disease incidence and minimize the need for more costly postinfection practices. For example, the grapevine trunk-disease complex (esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) significantly affects vineyard productivity and longevity. Given the chronic nature of the infections and inability to eradicate the fungal pathogens, the preventative practices of delayed pruning, applications of pruning-wound protectants, and double pruning (also known as prepruning) are the most effective means of management. We surveyed wine-grape growers in six regions of California on their use of these three practices. In spite of acknowledging the yield impacts of trunk diseases, a substantial number of respondents either choose not to use preventative practices or incorrectly adopted them in mature vineyards, too late in the disease cycle to be effective. Growers with more negative perceptions of cost efficacy were less likely to adopt preventative practices or were more likely to time adoption incorrectly in mature vineyards. In general, preventative management may require strong intervention in the form of policy or extension to motivate behavioral change.
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McWilliam, Wendy, and Andreas Wesener. "Attitudes and Behaviours of Certified Winegrowers towards the Design and Implementation of Biodiversity Farming Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031083.
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Substantial environmental impacts and loss of resilience occurs with conventional vineyard designs characterized by monotonous specialized production. Studies support the restoration of green infrastructure (GI) and introduction of other production systems as promising biodiversity design strategies. However, little is known about the degree to which winegrowers are implementing them. We surveyed Willamette valley, Oregon, certified sustainable winegrowers as potential early adopters of innovative biodiversity design strategies. Results revealed growers were implementing up to 11 different types of GI components, providing them with up to 16 different ecosystem services, and six disservices. The GI was implemented at three spatial scales, with growers pursuing a sharing GI design strategy at fine scales, and a sharing and sparing strategy at intermediate and farm-wide scales. Only biodynamic certified farmers had implemented valued additional production systems. Growers can improve the implementation of their biodiversity GI designs by adopting an integrated multi-system whole farm design approach. Key enablers for grower implementation of GI and/or additional production systems included: (1) Grower awareness and value of strategy’s ecosystem services and functions, (2) grower knowledge of their design and management, (3) certifier requirements for GI, (4) availability of land incapable of growing quality grapes, (5) availability of GI backup systems in case of failure, (6) low risk of regional pest outbreaks, (7) premium wine prices, and (8) strong grower environmental and cultural heritage ethics. Further research is required to identify effective ways to advance these enablers among growers, and within certification and government programmes, to improve the implementation of these strategies among growers.
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Ollat, Nathalie, Jean-Marc Touzard, and Cornelis van Leeuwen. "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations: New Challenges for the Wine Industry." Journal of Wine Economics 11, no. 1 (May 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2016.3.
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AbstractClimate change will have a profound effect on vine growing worldwide. Wine quality will also be affected, which will raise economic issues. Possible adaptations may result from changes in plant material, viticultural techniques, and the wine-making process. Relocation of vineyards to cooler areas and increased irrigation are other options, but they may result in potential conflicts for land and water use. Grapes are currently grown in many regions around the world, and growers have adapted their practices to the wide range of climatic conditions that can be found among or inside these areas. This knowledge is precious for identifying potential adaptations to climate change. Because climate change affects all activities linked to wine production (grape growing, wine making, wine economics, and environmental issues), multidisciplinary research is needed to guide growers to continue to produce high-quality wines in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. An example of such an interdisciplinary study is the French LACCAVE (long-term adaptation to climate change in viticulture and enology) project, in which researchers from 23 institutes work together on all issues related to the impact of climate change on wine production. (JEL Classifications: Q1, Q5)
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Summerson, Vasiliki, Claudia Gonzalez Viejo, Alexis Pang, Damir D. Torrico, and Sigfredo Fuentes. "Review of the Effects of Grapevine Smoke Exposure and Technologies to Assess Smoke Contamination and Taint in Grapes and Wine." Beverages 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages7010007.
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Grapevine smoke exposure and the subsequent development of smoke taint in wine has resulted in significant financial losses for grape growers and winemakers throughout the world. Smoke taint is characterized by objectional smoky aromas such as “ashy”, “burning rubber”, and “smoked meats”, resulting in wine that is unpalatable and hence unprofitable. Unfortunately, current climate change models predict a broadening of the window in which bushfires may occur and a rise in bushfire occurrences and severity in major wine growing regions such as Australia, Mediterranean Europe, North and South America, and South Africa. As such, grapevine smoke exposure and smoke taint in wine are increasing problems for growers and winemakers worldwide. Current recommendations for growers concerned that their grapevines have been exposed to smoke are to conduct pre-harvest mini-ferments for sensory assessment and send samples to a commercial laboratory to quantify levels of smoke-derived volatiles in the wine. Significant novel research is being conducted using spectroscopic techniques coupled with machine learning modeling to assess grapevine smoke contamination and taint in grapes and wine, offering growers and winemakers additional tools to monitor grapevine smoke exposure and taint rapidly and non-destructively in grapes and wine.
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Lanette, Hervé, and Daniel Steichen. "The Dynamics of Advertising and Contract Choice on the Champagne Wine Market." Journal of Wine Economics 5, no. 2 (2010): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100000961.
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AbstractThere are two main players in the Champagne wine industry; grape growers and Champagne houses. The former grow grapes and either produce their own Champagne wine or sell their fruit to Champagne houses. The latter only produce Champagne wine and do not grow grapes. However, Champagne houses invest heavily in advertisements to establish and maintain their brand's reputation. The grape market is characterized by the dominance of long-term supply contracts over spot contracts. Drawing on various theoretical models we suggest that the Champagne houses' advertising strategy and its associated positive externalities (spillover effects) on grape growers is a way of stabilizing vertical relations, i.e., keeping grape growers from producing Champagne wine themselves and thus maintaining a certain degree of monopoly power. (JEL Classification: C78, M37, D86, L14, Q18)
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Santos, Micael, Ana Marta-Costa, Cátia Santos, and Aníbal Galindro. "Efficiency of wine grape growers at farm level: a case study." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001010.
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To determine the key variables of the vineyard efficiency is imperative to account the combined effects of the inputs interactions since they have implications on the overall final production. This paper estimates the productive efficiency of a wine-farm sample from the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) while identifies economic, social and environmental indicators that characterizes the DDR grape production system. The data was collected by face-to-face surveys performed at farm level to build a pilot study. The majority of the sampled twenty farms are dedicated to mountain viticulture and mainly feature the cordon (simple and double) training system. Through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, the productive efficiency of the sampled was performed and the results clinched different efficiency scores. The main explanation is related to the heterogeneity of the adopted production system. In addition, they revealed how grape producers could improve their productive efficiency by adopting particular practices and identifying the key factors of their system.
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Lacoste, Pablo. "Wine and Women: Grape Growers and Pulperas in Mendoza, 1561–1852." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-329.
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Abstract This article examines the role of entrepreneurial women in colonial Mendoza, a trade and transport center characterized by wine production. In other economic activities, such as cattle raising and transportation, female ownership of the local means of productions was practically nonexistent. Women were increasingly important in the cultivation of vineyards and in the production and selling of wine in taverns and stores (pulperías). This development was brought about by three factors: first, Hispanic ideology allowed women a privileged space in the cultivation of vineyards, as is illustrated in Fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583). Second, as a transportation center, Mendoza had many men who worked as muleteers, on wagon trains, and on cattle drives; their extended absences generated greater responsibilities and independence for women. Third, the example set by the first taverns and wineries in Mendoza created models for other women to pursue. For all these reasons, women took advantage of opportunities in vineyards and taverns, thus advancing their own economic and mental emancipation. This study is based on unpublished documents in the Archivo Histórico de Mendoza and the Archivo Nacional in Santiago, Chile.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wine growers"
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Boidron, Valérie. "Culture vigneronne : vignerons, pratiques et ampélographie populaire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30092.
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Certains vignerons français développent une démarche originale quant aux cépages qu’ils cultivent. Ils repensent leurs pratiques selon une approche qui repose sur des choix délibérés où la référence à l’histoire et la fonction mémorielle sont essentielles. Une première partie montre comment, depuis la fin du XIXème siècle, la science et la technique ont peu à peu investi la viticulture jusque là empirique et traditionnelle. Il en résulte aujourd’hui un contexte où la production de vin en France est dominée par un cadre technique et réglementaire, conditionné par les perspectives économiques et une politique européenne. Les vignerons sont désormais contraints dans le choix de leurs cépages. L’enquête ethnobiographique montre qu’il existe, à côté d’une viticulture conventionnelle, des vignerons qui pratiquent une ampélographie populaire et appliquée, où le cépage autochtone est un élément identitaire essentiel, vecteur de la mémoire du groupe à travers les savoirs, les savoir-faire transmis et le goût du vin qu’il véhicule. Maîtrisant l’ensemble du processus de production, ces vignerons repensent chacune de ses étapes -du choix et de la mise en culture des variétés de vigne à la commercialisation de leur vin- en référence à l’histoire locale et à des usages ancestraux qu’ils ont recherchés et remettent en pratique. En lien avec le terroir et ses particularités, ces cépages originaux constituent un patrimoine revalorisé. Ils permettent aux vignerons d’élaborer des vins à l’originalité et à la personnalité propre, qui témoignent de la richesse d’une culture vigneronne résolument ancrée dans son histoire, et dont le succès commercial garantit la pérennitéCertain French wine growers develop an original approach towards the grape variety they cultivate. They reconsider their practice with calculated choices where the reference to history and memory are essential. The first part shows how, since the end of the XIXème century, science and technology have little by little invested the wine growing, which until then was empirical and traditional. The result today is a context where the production of wine in France is dominated by a technical and lawful framework, conditioned by the economics and European policies. The wine growers are from now on constrained in their choice of wine varietals. The ethnobiographic investigation shows that there exists next to a conventional wine growing, “wine growers” who practice a popular ampelography which is applied where the indigenous grape variety is an essential identity element, vector of the memory of the group through knowledge, know-how and the taste of the wine that it conveys. Controlling all of the production process, these wine growers reconsider each one of its stages - from the choice and planting of the grape varieties to the marketing of their wines - in reference to the local history and ancestral know-how that they rediscovered and use. In connexion with the soil and its characteristics, these original grape varieties constitute a revalorized inheritance. They make it possible for the wine growers to develop original wines, with their own personality, which testifies the richness of a culture resolutely anchored in its history, and whose commercial success guarantees its durability
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Schmidt, Carla Maria. "Criação e apropriação de valor no sistema agroindustrial do vinho do Vale dos Vinhedos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-17122010-100342/.
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O que motivou a realização desse trabalho foi estudar estruturas organizacionais complexas, uma vez que tais formas - pouco exploradas empiricamente - têm sido muito atuantes no atual cenário econômico. Além disso, investigações nesse campo são importantes porque a literatura da área não apresenta consenso sobre o impacto e o desempenho desses modelos organizacionais. Assim, esta pesquisa colabora com um maior entendimento sobre as estruturas complexas, investigando uma rede inserida no sistema agroindustrial do vinho, no Vale dos Vinhedos - RS. Esta é uma região rural formada por vinícolas, produtores de uva, hotéis, pousadas, restaurantes e artesanatos. Dentro desse sistema complexo ocorrem várias ações coletivas, destacando-se a obtenção do Selo de Indicação de Procedência dos vinhos finos da região, em 2002. Essa certificação afeta vários atores, sendo que se desconhecia o impacto da ação para os diferentes agentes envolvidos. Assim, este estudo identificou como a rede do Vale dos Vinhedos possibilita a criação de valor para os atores coletivos nela inseridos, além de analisar como ocorre a apropriação do valor gerado na rede entre os agentes. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e questionários realizados com produtores e vinícolas. Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os métodos econométrico e descritivo. Em relação ao primeiro, realizaram-se regressões e os dados foram organizados em modelo painel. Os principais resultados apontam para um cenário de criação de valor na rede vitivinícola. O selo de Indicação de Procedência possui impacto positivo sobre a venda de vinhos finos das vinícolas, além de influenciar de forma positiva a venda de vinhos comuns dessas firmas, o que conduz a um contexto de formação de externalidades. Também comprovou-se que a certificação apresenta influência positiva sobre a renda por hectare dos produtores de uva da região. Porém, no que tange à apropriação do valor gerado pela rede, evidenciou-se que os atores possuem ganhos diferenciados. Os resultados sugerem que as vinícolas conseguem se apropriar mais do que os viticultores do valor criado pela rede. Ainda cumpre destacar que a rede possibilita criação de valor para outros atores envolvidos, como hotéis, restaurantes, comércios, pousadas e artesanatos, uma vez que promove geração de externalidades positivas, como: aumento do número de turistas na região; geração de empregos; reconhecimento da região em todo o país e no exterior; fortalecimento dos diversos estabelecimentos comerciais inseridos no vale e valorização dos imóveis rurais. De maneira geral, a pesquisa demonstra que os ganhos e as fontes de criação de valor existentes em redes superam os riscos e custos de tais sistemas coletivos. Esse estudo apresenta relevante contribuição, principalmente, se considerado que o Vale dos Vinhedos serve de modelo para outras regiões do país, uma vez que é pioneiro em termos de certificação geográfica no Brasil.What motivated the realization of this research was to study complex organizational structures, since such forms - little explored empirically - have been active in the current economic scenario. Moreover, investigations in this field are important, since the literature regarding this subject does not present a consensus on the impact and performance of these organizational models. Therefore, this research contributes with a greater understanding on complex organizational systems, by investigating a network inserted in the agro-industrial system of wine, in Vale dos Vinhedos - RS. This is a rural region formed by wineries, grape growers, hotels, restaurants, inns and craftworks. Within this complex system, it occurs several collective actions, with special mention to the acquisition of the Indication of Origin Label of fine wines, in 2002. This certification affects several actors in the collective system, but the impact of the action on the agents involved is unknown. Therefore, this study identify how the network of Vale dos Vinhedos enables the value creation for the collective actors involved, as well as analyses how the value appropriation occurs between the agents. The empirical data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires conducted with wineries and grape growers. Econometric and descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. In relation to the first method, regressions were performed and the data were organized in a panel model. The main results point to a value creation scenario in the investigated network. The Indication of Origin Label has a positive impact on the sales of fine wines from wineries and also has a positive influence on the sales of common wines of these firms, leading to a formation context of externalities. The survey also found that the certification has a positive influence on the local wine producers income. However, regarding to the appropriation of the value generated by the network, it became evident that the actors have different gains. The results suggest that wineries can appropriate more the value created by the network than the growers. It should also be noted that the network enables value creation for other stakeholders, such as hotels, restaurants, shops, inns and crafts, since it promotes the generation of positive externalities as: increasing numbers of tourists, employment generating, recognition of the region around the country and abroad, strengthening of various shops in the region and valuation of rural properties. In general, the research shows that the gains and the sources of value creation in networks outweigh the risks and costs of such collective systems. This study presents relevant contribution, especially when considering that Vale dos Vinhedos is a model for other regions of the country, since it is a pioneer in terms of geographic certification in Brazil.
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MAFFI, LUCIANO. "Territorio e vitivinicoltura nell'Oltrepò Pavese: dall'indagine geostorica alle sfide attuali della geoeconomia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/383.
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La ricerca analizza l’evoluzione della vitivinicoltura nell’Oltrepò Pavese quale elemento caratterizzante il paesaggio di questo territorio. Tale settore produttivo risulta essere una delle principali attività svolte nell’area in esame e ne caratterizza l’economia, il paesaggio collinare, le tradizioni e le forme identitarie, specialmente nellla zona centro-orientale, ossia nei territori che gravitano sui centri urbani di Casteggio, Broni e Stradella.
Il lavoro si propone di approfondire anzitutto la valorizzazione della tipicità e del locale, riassunti e rappresentati nel termine terroir, che indica l’insieme degli elementi geomorfologici, climatici, antropici e culturali che rendono unico un prodotto (in questo caso il vino), mettendo così il locale al centro di un’analisi che si può estendere poi a riflessioni di ordine generale.
L’indagine geografica ha studiato gli aspetti ambientali e quelli antropici, nonché le loro relazioni. Si è fatto riferimento ai fattori geologici, pedologici e climatici, che altresì sono gli elementi imprescindibili degli studi di «zonazione» che si occupano proprio dell’interazione tra viticoltura e ambiente.
L’indagine geostorica-territoriale si è rivolta soprattutto ai seguenti temi: il paesaggio vitivinicolo; i tipi di vitigni impiantati e i relativi sistemi di coltivazione; le produzioni e la commercializzazione del prodotto; la rappresentazione delle proprietà e del territorio attraverso i catasti.
Inoltre si approfondiscono i temi geoeconomici sia a scala globale sia a scala locale, grazie alla rielaborazione delle informazioni relative al settore produttivo. Il contesto locale pertanto è confrontato con quello regionale, nazionale e globale, al fine di comprenderne i legami, soprattutto in relazione alle attuali sfide geoeconomiche.In this thesis we analyse the evolution of grape growing and wine making as two of the elements which have contributed to the shaping of the landscape in the Oltrepò Pavese and represent two of the main economic activities of this geographic area, with is often identified with them – particularly in the mid-western part, i.e., the areas around the towns of Casteggio, Broni and Stradella. My main goal is to investigate the ways in which the values of locality and typicity – represented by the term terroir – are promoted. “Terroir” stands for, and comprises, a number of elements such as geo-morphological and climatic features, as well as human and cultural factors, all of which contribute to the uniqueness of a product like wine. My research thus starts from, and gives prominence to, the local level, in order to formulate a set of observations from which more general conclusions may then be drawn. The geographical investigation focusses on the environmental and human factors as well as their interrelationships. In its course, we refer to factors such as geology, pedology and climate, the crucial elements of all studies of «zoning», which describe precisely the complex interaction between grape growing and the environment. The geo-historical analysis concentrates especially on thematic areas such as the landscape; the varieties of grape that are planted and the respective growing techniques; the production and marketing of the produce; the ways in which property boundaries and the territory have been represented in land registries. The geo-economic factors, at both the local and global levels, are investigated through the analysis of the data from the production sector. The local context is thus compared to the regional, national and global ones in order to better understand the nature of their interactions and provide useful insights in relation to the challenges posed by the current geo-economic scenarios.
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Osičková, Věroslava. "Analýza fungování Vinařského fondu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193688.
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Following the examples of foreign countries, there are institutions founded in the Czech Republic engaging with viticulture and winemaking. The Wine-grower's Fund is the most important and is the only institution winemakers are obliges to pay contributions from every litre of wine launching the market and from every hectare of vineyard. Furthermore, the Wine-grower's Fund is the only wine-growing institution financed from 50% from the state budget. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the status of VF and commitments of which it generates, such as procurement contracts and to analyse if the projects financed by the Wine-grower's Fund are transparent. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter pays attention to the wine-growing history and the origin of each institution in the Czech Republic. The second chapter discusses the Wine-grower's Fund and is focused on the income and expenses of the Wine-grower's Fund. Lastly, the third chapter analyses selected projects financed by the Wine-grower's Fund.
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Schorb, Natasha Colette. "Informing agricultural adaptation policy : risk management insights from wine-grape growers in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18142.
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This study addresses the need for greater understanding of both the process of autonomous adaptation to climate change and the factors that must be considered in the development of agricultural water policy in the Okanagan Basin of British Columbia. It argues that government adaptation policies pursued in the near term should be developed to complement the strategies adopted, or likely to be adopted, by individuals or groups. Previous research from the Okanagan has identified water scarcity as the stimuli to which adaptation may be required and suggested that irrigation water could be used more efficiently. This research explores the ways in which farmers use water and are likely to respond to future scarcity. To achieve these objectives, this study examines growers’ perceptions of the risk of water scarcity and defines the ways in which growers use water to manage other business risks. It investigates the influence of the political and institutional environment on growers’ perceptions of adaptation trade-offs and their financial capacity to make decisions. The research concludes with an examination of growers’ preferences for policy to complement individual adaptation. The research results suggest that growers do not perceive the need to use water efficiently for its own sake. However, their adoption of deficit irrigation as an adaptation to market risk leads to low water consumption. While levels of regional knowledge, industry experience and income do affect growers’ Willingness and ability to adapt to risks, all of the study participants have the capacity to reduce their exposure to water shortages if they regard it as necessary. Participants’ opposition to water conservation regulations is related to perceptions of inequity and mistrust of government rather than fear of imposed costs. Further research should examine the influence of risk perceptions and government policy on adaptive capacity and water efficiency in other sectors.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Osičková, Jitka. "Vinohradnictví a vinařství z pohledu práva." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298107.
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This thesis deals with the legislation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic. The main goal of this thesis is to introduce to the readers both, professionals and non-professionals, viticulture and wine law in its full extensity. For this reason, we deeply analyze the Act No. 321/2004 describing viticulture and winemaking as amended by subsequent law. The thesis is composed of seven main chapters. The abbreviations, witch are subsequently used in the work, are defined in the separate chapter. The first part is an introduction to the topic and describes the origin of growing grape-wine and winemaking. The second part deals with the historical development of vineyard and wine law in the Czech Republic. For the sake of clarity, second part is divided into five subsections. The third chapter defines the position of vineyard and wine law in legal system of Czech Republic and characterizes this specific agriculture sector. The fourth part provides a review of written sources of vineyard and wine law. The chapter is hierarchically separated into the categories: international law, EU law and Czech law. Part five is major and it is the most extensive part of this diploma. It deals with the current legislation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic by Act No. 321/2004 Coll. It...
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Ou, Jehn, and 歐震. "Growths and Characterizations of Wide-Bandgap III-Antimonide and III-Nitride Epilayers and Their Device Structures." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74590427695931909661.
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博士國立交通大學
電子物理系
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We have carried out systematic studies on the epitaxial growth of AlAs1-xSbx, GaN and InxGa1-xN compounds using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy technique. Experimental data indicate that the solid composition of AlAsSb depends strongly on the input reactant flow rates and the growth temperature. A high Sb concentration of AlAsSb alloy can only be obtained at a V/III ratio close to 1, whereas too high the Sb flow rates and too low the V/III ratio will lead to the formation of Sb droplets and Al metal platelets, respectively. For AlAsSb prepared at high growth temperatures, the side reaction of TBAs, b-elimination, is believed to response for the result in a decrease of the As solid concentration. By employing a thermodynamic analysis, a novel phase diagram for AlAsSb with simpler solid-vapor distribution relationship was obtained, according to which the As solid concentration can be directly determined by the input As/Al mole flow rate ratio. The AlAs1-xSbx alloy was also used to fabricate two novel diodes, the enhanced InP Schottky diode and the In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs0.44Sb0.56/In0.53Ga0.47As single barrier tunneling diode. By introducing AlAsSb into the conventional Schottky structure, the InP Schottky barrier height was improved greatly from 0.45eV to 0.76eV. For single-barrier tunneling diode, a negative differential resistance characteristic was successfully observed at 100 and 300K. A high peak-to-valley current ratio of 4.2 is obtained at 100K, which is the best value ever reported for such type of device. For GaN, the film quality appears to be very sensitive to the buffer layer property and the growth temperature. The optimized buffer layer thickness, temperature ramping rate and growth temperature are found to be around 100~300A, 75~100℃/min, and 1,000~1,050℃, respectively. A phase transition from hexagonal to cubic structure for GaN has been evidenced at a growth temperature around 750℃. The best quality of our GaN films in terms of FWHMs of x-ray and 300K-PL are as narrow as only 160 arcsec and 28meV, respectively. The corresponding electron mobility and carrier concentration also exhibit superior values of 330 cm^2/V and 1.1x10^17 cm^-3, respectively. Regarding to the InGaN growth, our experimental results indicate that the solid composition and characteristic of InGaN are determined not only by the growth temperature, but also by the TMGa and TMIn flow rates. The films with the good structural and optical properties can only be obtained at temperatures above 750℃. For the solid distribution, we found that too high the TMIn flow rate and too low the TMGa flow rate will both bring a decrease of In concentration solid, unfavorable to the high-In content InGaN growth. Besides, the thermodynamic analysis was also performed in our InGaN study. By introducing an empirical high-temperature factor in our modified InGaN growth model, we can successfully predict the solid-vapor distribution in InGaN and the appearance of In-droplets during growth. Based on thermodynamic arguments, the maximum allowed In solid concentration for a single phase InGaN is constrained primarily by the high temperature effect, such as In desorption, and the In saturation vapor pressure. By optimizing the growth conditions, we can obtain high quality InGaN epilayers with the narrow FWHMs of 150 arcsec and 92 meV for (0002) x-ray diffraction and 300K-PL peaks, respectively.
Books on the topic "Wine growers"
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Steven, Spurrier, ed. Clarke & Spurrier's fine wine guide: Wines, growers, vintages. New York: Harcourt, 2001.
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Clarke, Oz. Clarke & Spurrier's fine wine guide: Growers, wines, vintages. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998.
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Clarke, Oz. Clarke & Spurrier's fine wine guide: Wines, growers, vintages. London: Websters, 2001.
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Veronelli, Luigi. I vignaioli storici =: Historic Italian wine-growers. Milano: Mediolanum, 1986.
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Peninou, Ernest P. History of the Sonoma Viticultural District: The grape growers, the wine makers, and the vineyards. Santa Rosa, CA: Nomis Press, 1998.
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Steinberner, Angela J. Kaiser Stuhl, the growers' winery: A history of the Barossa Co-operative Winery Limited, 1931-1982. Beulah Park, SA: Crito, 1994.
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Monod de Froideville, Gilbert, and Mark Verheul. An Experts' Guide to International Protocol. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981058.
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Although modern life grows increasingly casual, in many sectors, protocol still reigns supreme. An Expert's Guide to International Protocol offers an overview of its associated practices, including those found within the context of diplomatic relations and the business world. Focusing on a wide range of countries and cultures, the book covers topics like seating arrangements, the history and use of flags, ceremonies, invitations and dress codes, and gifts and decorations. Throughout, influential diplomatic, business, cultural, and sports figures share their own experiences with protocols around the world.
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Monod de Froideville, Gilbert, and Mark Verheul. An Experts' Guide to International Protocol. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727167.
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Although modern life grows increasingly casual, in many sectors, protocol still reigns supreme. An Expert's Guide to International Protocol offers an overview of its associated practices, including those found within the context of diplomatic relations and the business world. Focusing on a wide range of countries and cultures, the book covers topics like precedence, seating arrangements, flags, ceremonies, invitations, dress codes, gifts and honours, and the roles of the protocol officer, guest and host. Throughout, influential diplomatic, business, and cultural figures share their own experiences with protocols around the world, also throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
Book chapters on the topic "Wine growers"
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Coelli, Tim, and Orion Sanders. "The Technical Efficiency of Wine Grape Growers in the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia." In Wine Economics, 231–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137289520_12.
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"Wine Growers and Worlds of Wine." In Burgundy, 52–79. Berghahn Books, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04ffz.7.
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Simpson, James. "Surviving Success in the Midi: Growers, Merchants, and the State." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0003.
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This chapter looks at the experience of the Midi, France's cheapest wine producer. After examining long-run changes in France's domestic wine supply, and in particular merchants' attempts to augment supply during the phylloxera epidemic by adulteration, it shows how the changes in political strength of small farmers and workers increased during the Third Republic, especially after the 1884 law permitting the formation of syndicates. Despite the presence of large vineyards in the Midi, the wine industry was relatively united in its attempt first to tackle phylloxera and replant, and then to demand state intervention to control fraud. Finally, the chapter considers how smaller growers started to establish cooperatives in response to another threat to their livelihood, namely, the increasing economies of scale and skills required for wine production and marketing.
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"CHAPTER EIGHT. Conditions of Life: Propertied Growers." In The Wine Revolution in France, 212–43. Princeton University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400861163.212.
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Simpson, James. "Big Business and American Wine: The California Wine Association." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0009.
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This chapter looks at how the Californian wine industry developed. It first shows how producers adapted grape growing and wine making to local conditions; the chapter then considers the relationship between growers, winemakers, and San Francisco's merchants that led to the creation of the California Wine Association (CWA). Finally, the chapter examines the difficulties in selling to consumers accustomed to drinking beer and whisky rather than wine. Despite the success of the CWA, consumption of dry wines was strictly limited outside the small group of immigrants from southern Europe, and it was dessert wines that proved to be the most dynamic sector in the decade or two prior to Prohibition.
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Simpson, James. "Argentina: New World Producers and Old World Consumers." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0011.
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This chapter takes a look at the Argentinian wine industry. It first examines the growth of the industry after 1885 and its organization at the turn of the century. The chapter then examines the response of different groups to the major slump in 1901–3 and shows that although attempts to self-regulate the industry were generally successful, wine quality remained poor because consumer choice was determined by price. Finally, the chapter considers the response of different sectors to the collapse in wine prices after 1913 and shows the difficulties leading producers faced in passing the costs of adjustment on to growers and restricting supply.
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Simpson, James. "Port." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0007.
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This chapter begins by looking at the development of port wine for the British market, and the geographical separation between grape production in the Douro valley and the maturing and exporting houses in Porto. It then discusses the development of different types of port wine and how the sector responded to the challenges of the second half of the nineteenth century, namely, the problems of maintaining supplies and product quality during the phylloxera epidemic, and the opportunities and difficulties faced by producers in creating a mass market for cheap ports. Finally, the chapter considers the conflicts between the British exporters and Portuguese growers over regulation and regional appellations from the eighteenth century.
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Simpson, James. "Bordeaux." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0005.
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This chapter follows the long history of commercial relations between many British ports and Bordeaux. It begins by examining the long-run changes in wine production and trade during the nineteenth century and the organization of wine production in the region. After a period of prosperity that lasted from the mid-1850s to the early 1880s, there followed three decades of depression. Moreover, information problems for consumers of fine wines were reduced by the 1855 classification, but the growth in market power and economic independence of the leading estates was checked in the late nineteenth century. Finally, small growers successfully used their political voice to achieve legislation to establish a regional appellation, which limited to wines of the Gironde the right to carry the Bordeaux brand.
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Simpson, James. "Conclusion." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0012.
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This concluding chapter takes a brief look at the changes that took place among traditional producer countries in Europe and then offers some comments concerning the obstacles facing the producers in the New World. It finishes with reflections on the extent to which the organization of the wine industry today is the result of changes that took place before 1914. These changes were not uniform, and by 1914 major differences were found in the organization of production and marketing of commodity wines in places as far-flung as France, California, South Australia, and Mendoza. Even within a country such as France, new and differing institutions had appeared that altered market incentives for growers, winemakers, and merchants in places such as Bordeaux, Reims, and Montpellier.
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Simpson, James. "From Sherry to Spanish White." In Creating Wine. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136035.003.0008.
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This chapter shows the nature and limits of organizational change in the production and sale of sherry over the nineteenth century. Despite an apparent flexibility in responding to increased demand in international markets, a decline in the reputation of sherry caused a rapid drop in sales, as merchants in Jerez and especially Britain sold adulterated and cheap imitation wines. Although there was much talk about protecting the name of sherry in Jerez, this proved difficult because of the diversity of interests within the producing region itself. The big export houses responded to weaker demand for their fine sherries by moving down-market to achieve volume. While the political influence of small growers in France allowed them to capture market power from the merchants by establishing regional appellations and cooperatives, this did not happen in Jerez.
Conference papers on the topic "Wine growers"
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Richardson, S., J. Bettle, and A. G. L. Holloway. "Development of a Trailing Vortex Formed With Spanwise Tip Blowing." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77130.
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Trailing vortices were formed with strong core jets and high turbulence levels in a wind tunnel using a NACA 0015 rectangular semi-span wing having a full span aspect ratio of 5 and a chord Reynolds number of 105. The jet on the vortex core was generated by air blown from the wing tip through small holes arranged along the periphery of the wing cross-section. Experiments covered a wide range of tip jet blowing rates for a wing incidence of 5°. Measurements of mean velocity, mean vorticity and turbulence kinetic energy were made up to 32 chords downwind using a hot wire probe. At zero wing incidence the flow was observed to have the form of a jet in cross-flow with counter-rotating streamwise vortices of zero net circulation and a very high turbulence level. With the wing at incidence, the tip vortex envelopes the jet and as it develops its diameter grows and the jet velocity and circumferential velocity decline sharply. Further downwind the vortex formed with tip jets evolves into an axisymmetric form similar to a natural vortex but with a diameter up to 5 times larger. The turbulence intensities measured on the core without blowing were ∼2.5% of the free stream velocity while with blowing they were ∼15% in the near wake and ∼9% in the far wake.
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Rahai, Hamid R., Huy T. Hoang, Jeremy Bonifacio, and Raymond H. Horstman. "Subsonic Venturi Interaction With Free-Stream Flow." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78225.
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Numerical and experimental investigations of a venturi flow into a cross flow have been performed. The numerical analyses were performed using the CD-Adapco CCM+ commercial software with non-uniform mesh and the standard k-ε turbulence model. The analyses were performed for the venturi outlet directly connected to the bottom surface of the wind tunnel and for the venturi connected to the wind tunnel bottom surface with a 15.24 cm long tube extension of the same diameter. The experimental investigations were carried out in a subsonic open-circuit wind tunnel facility of the Center for Energy and Environmental Research and Services (CEERS) in conjunction with a single hot wire sensor and a LabView-National Instrument data acquisition system. For the experimental investigations, the venturi was connected to the bottom surface of the wind tunnel without the extension tube. For the numerical investigations, the ratios of the venturi flow momentum to the cross flow momentum, r, were 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0. For the experimental investigations, the momentum ratios were 0.5, 0.85, and 1.0. For all analyses, isothermal condition is assumed. Results indicate when r = 0.25 and 0.5, the venturi flow is confined to an area near the wind tunnel surface with high static pressure within the venturi and the extension tube. However, for momentum ratios higher than 0.5, the venturi flow penetrates into the cross flow, before being tilted into the cross flow. For high r values, there is a counter-rotating vortex pair which grows in downstream direction. The adverse pressure gradient upstream of the venturi flow affects the flow characteristics inside the venturi at low momentum ratios. However, there were no indications of flow separation or flow recirculation within the venturi or the extension tube.
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Ziegler, Lisa, and Michael Muskulus. "Comparing a Fracture Mechanics Model to the SN-Curve Approach for Jacket-Supported Offshore Wind Turbines: Challenges and Opportunities for Lifetime Prediction." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54915.
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Accurate lifetime predictions are needed for support structures of offshore wind turbines to optimize operation and maintenance and to decide about lifetime extension of aging wind farms. A comparison of a facture mechanics model to the SN-curve approach for jacket supported offshore wind turbines shows that it is attractive for lifetime extension decisions; however major challenges are calibration of material parameters and assumptions for initial crack size. Crack growths on a Y-joint connecting brace and jacket leg was analysed with simulations of structural response to aero- and hydrodynamic loading and Paris’ law for crack propagation. The model was calibrated to yield an identical fatigue life as obtained from the SN-curve analysis. The effect of weather seasonality on crack growth was evaluated with a Markov weather model and Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that crack growth is sensitive to parameter calibration and follows seasonal weather trends.
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Akhavan-Behabadi, M. A., M. Saeedinia, and S. M. Hashemi. "An Empirical Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of CuO/Base Oil Nanofluid Flow in a Tube With Coiled Wire Inserts." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24242.
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In the present study, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of CuO/Base oil nanofluid flow inside horizontal oiled wire inserted tubes (roughed tubes) under constant heat flux. The nanofluids with CuO nanoparticles weight fraction ranging from 0 to 2% are prepared. The oiled wires with different wire wire diameteres and different oil pitches are used as inserts inside a horizontal plain copper tube. The nanofluid flowing inside the tube is heated by electrical heating coil wrapped around it. The convective heat transfer characteristis of the prepared nanofluids are measured during laminar fully developed flow inside horizontal plain and roughed tubes under constant heat flux. The effect of different parameters such as mass velocity, wire wire diameter, oil pith, nanofluid particles concentration and heat flux on heat transfer coefficient is studied. The heat transfer coefficient is increased when a roughed tube is used instead of a plain tube. Moreover, at the same flow conditions, by increasing of wire wire diameter and decreasing of oil pitch, the heat transfer performance is improved. Observations also show that by using nanofluid instead of base fluid, the heat transfer coefficient increases and this increase grows at higher nanoparticles concentrations. As a result, it an be concluded that increasing of wire wire diameter, decreasing of oil pitch and increasing the concentration of nanoparticle, contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient.
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Kamplade, Jens, Tobias Mack, Andre Küsters, and Peter Walzel. "Break-Up of Threads From Laminar Open Channel Flow Influenced by Cross-Wind Gas Flow." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21243.
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The breakup process of threads from laminar operating rotary atomizer (LamRot) is in the scope of this investigation. A similarity trail is used to investigate the influence of the thread deformation within a cross-wind flow on the thread breakup process. The threads emerge from laminar open channel flow while the liquid viscosity, the flow rate, the pipe inclination towards the gravity as well as the cross-wind velocity is varied. The breakup length and drop size distribution are analyzed by a back-light photography setup. The results thus obtained are compared with results of previous examination by Schröder [1] and Mescher [2]. It is found that the breakup length decreases and that the drop size grows with rising cross-wind intensity, while the width of the drop size distribution increases. At the same operating conditions, the breakup length for laminar open channel flow is smaller compared to completely filled capillaries. In contrast to this observation, the drop size distribution remains nearly unchanged. The critical velocity for the transition from axisymmetric to wind-induced thread breakup was found to be smaller than for completely filled capillaries.
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Jeong, Jae-Ho, and Soo-Hyun Kim. "Investigation of Flatback Airfoil Effect in the Wind Turbine Blade." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-09806.
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The flatback airfoil effect in the inboard region of large wind turbine blade has been investigated by numerical analysis. Complicated flow phenomena in the wind turbine blade were captured by Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow simulation (RANS) with SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model. The inboard region of the blade without the flatback airfoils is dominated by the separated vortex. The separated vortex starts to be formed near the blade mid-chord. The separated vortex core is generated by the large pressure difference in the blade inboard trailing edge region. The separated vortex grows nearly in the outboard direction, which is so-called secondary flow on the blade surface. The flatback airfoils are designed, and applied to the wind turbine inboard region. The scale of the separated vortex can be decreased, and the blade performance enhanced up to nearly 6% in the flatback airfoil region. However, the blade with large wake thickness due to the flatback airfoil has a negative impact on the aerodynamic noise. Regardless of the flatback airfoils, the tip vortex core of the outboard region is formed on the suction surface leading edge, and strongly rolled-up by the pressure surface boundary layers due to the large pressure difference between the suction surface and the pressure surface in the blade tip region. This remarkably strong tip vortex develops downstream, and rakes up the blade trailing edge boundary layer with low energy.
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Nicolas, Ghassan, Fariba Seiyedzadeh Khanshan, Hameed Metghalchi, and Richard H. West. "Reduction Techniques Methods for Simplifying Complex Kinetic Systems: A General Review." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36351.
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The development of kinetic models to describe the time evolution of chemically reacting systems is a fundamental objective of chemical kinetics. Ideally, the most accurate approach to this problem is to include all possible species and reactions of any importance to predict, within the specified uncertainty, a wide variety of experimental data. The complexity of these detailed models grows with an increase in the number of fuel components. When the detailed kinetic model is to be coupled to transport equations, the computational tasks often become formidable due to the intrinsic presence of a wide range of time and length scales, which result in the well-known stiffness problem. Such difficulties have motivated the development of numerous model order reduction techniques during the past three decades. In this paper, the most used reduction techniques for detailed kinetic models are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each are explained.
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Pederson, Mark, and Manohar Kulkarni. "A More Direct and Cost Effective Use of Wind Power for Buildings in Cold Climates." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54295.
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In cold climates heating a home or building can consume a large amount of energy. The heating load on a building grows even larger when the cold is accompanied by wind. This paper proposes an environmentally friendly concept that offsets this load by directly and instantaneously using wind power. Current wind turbines that produce electricity have a high cost per energy unit. A large part of this cost comes from the generator, inverter, wiring, and their inefficiencies. This concept bypasses these components and creates low cost heat directly off of the turbine shaft. The heat is produced by rotating strong magnets inside a copper housing. Fields of the magnets induce a current in the copper housing which acts like a short circuit causing the energy to become heat. The heat that the housing produces can be transported by water lines or air ventilation to the building. With a promising low payback period this concept is very appealing to consumers interested in alternative energy systems. It can be added to any building design or any existing structure. The system is also maintenance free and in relation to other alternative energy systems its initial investment is very low. The turbine of choice for this concept is a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. It performs well in industrial or residential areas even though these areas create turbulence in the wind. An experimental setup has been constructed for this concept and tested to find its performance characteristics.
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Fuchiwaki, Masaki, Taichi Kuroki, Kazuhiro Tanaka, and Takahide Tabata. "Vortex Structure of a Vortex Ring Over a Butterfly Wing and its Dynamic Behavior." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-19010.
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Micro-Air-Vehicles (MAVs) that mimic the flight mechanisms of insects have been attracting significant attention in recent years. These technologies are developed with the aim of lifesavings in the area with the risk of secondary disasters, maintenance works for constructions such as bridges, information collection on planet searches, monitoring of security risks for the purpose of security means. A number of researchers have attempted to develop small flap flying objects and MAV with various actuators and devices. However, these robots were not practical. One of the reasons for this is that the flying mechanism of insects has not yet been clarified sufficiently. We have clarified that a couple of large-scale vortex is formed over the wing. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the dynamic behavior and the detailed structure of the vortices of the flapping butterfly wing, and we carried out the PIV measurement around the flapping butterfly wing. The vortex ring develops over the wings when the wings flap downward to the bottom dead position and then passes through the butterfly completely and grows until reaching the wake at the bottom dead position. The vortex ring develops over the wing while growing from the leading edge toward the trailing edge. The maximum vorticity of the vortex ring over the wing moves from the leading edge to the trailing edge with the downward flapping. On the other hand, the vorticity of the LEV decays with downward flapping.
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Subramanian, Sivakumar, A. S. Sekhar, and B. V. S. S. S. Prasad. "Performance Analysis of a Rotating Labyrinth Seal With Radial Growth." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95708.
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A computational methodology is proposed to predict the running clearance of a six-tooth straight-through rotating labyrinth seal numerically by taking into account both the centrifugal and thermal growths. Four different angular velocities ranging from 0 to 3000 rad/s are chosen to study the influence of rotation on the leakage flow rate. The detailed leakage flow fields and the structural deformations are presented. Further, different pressure ratios in the range of 1.1 to 2.5 have been investigated for a wide range of initial clearances. The methodology is validated against the available data in the literature. It is found out that there is a significant reduction in leakage flow rate by incorporating the radial growth for a particular operating condition. However, for a given initial clearance, the rotation has negligible effect on the reduction in the leakage flow rate, except at pressure ratios lower than 1.7. Further; the rotation has more prominent effect for smaller clearance values.
Reports on the topic "Wine growers"
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anon. Global wind energy market report. Wind energy industry grows at steady pace, adds over 8,000 MW in 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836859.
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Brodie, Katherine, Brittany Bruder, Richard Slocum, and Nicholas Spore. Simultaneous mapping of coastal topography and bathymetry from a lightweight multicamera UAS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41440.
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A low-cost multicamera Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is used to simultaneously estimate open-coast topography and bathymetry from a single longitudinal coastal flight. The UAS combines nadir and oblique imagery to create a wide field of view (FOV), which enables collection of mobile, long dwell timeseries of the littoral zone suitable for structure-from motion (SfM), and wave speed inversion algorithms. Resultant digital surface models (DSMs) compare well with terrestrial topographic lidar and bathymetric survey data at Duck, NC, USA, with root-mean-square error (RMSE)/bias of 0.26/–0.05 and 0.34/–0.05 m, respectively. Bathymetric data from another flight at Virginia Beach, VA, USA, demonstrates successful comparison (RMSE/bias of 0.17/0.06 m) in a secondary environment. UAS-derived engineering data products, total volume profiles and shoreline position, were congruent with those calculated from traditional topo-bathymetric surveys at Duck. Capturing both topography and bathymetry within a single flight, the presented multicamera system is more efficient than data acquisition with a single camera UAS; this advantage grows for longer stretches of coastline (10 km). Efficiency increases further with an on-board Global Navigation Satellite System–Inertial Navigation System (GNSS-INS) to eliminate ground control point (GCP) placement. The Appendix reprocesses the Virginia Beach flight with the GNSS–INS input and no GCPs.