Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wine law

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wine law'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wine law"

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TAKAHASHI, Teiji. "Australian Wine law." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 107, no. 6 (2012): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan.107.395.

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Ebihara, K., and M. Omura. "Value and protection of geographical indications by the Japanese Wine Law." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191503004.

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Recently, Japanese wine law has changed dramatically. In October 2015, the definition of “Japan wine” and the labelling rules were introduced, and the registration guidelines for the geographical indication (GI) were formulated. Up to now, the Commissioner of the National Tax Agency has designated two wine GIs: “Yamanashi” and “Hokkaido”. However, it is not easy for Japanese consumers to understand the value and the role of GI. The National Tax Agency, prefectures, municipal authorities and winery associations organise from time to time promotional events of GI wines to spread the notion of GI. Even though the majority of “Japan wine”, including GI wine, is consumed in the internal market, it is necessary to protect the Japanese GIs in foreign countries. Due to the EU-Japan EPA that ensures the mutual protection of GIs, it is quite probable that the GI will play an important role in the export of Japanese wine, liquor and agricultural products.
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Alicic, Samir. "Wine vessels (Vasa vinaria) in roman law." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 65, no. 1 (2017): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/analipfb1701131a.

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Schiemann, Konrad. "Wine and Food in European Union Law." ERA Forum 12, S1 (May 2011): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-011-0210-3.

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Menjucq, Michel, and Laurent Gouiffès. "The grapes of dispute resolution: arbitration and wine." Arbitration International 36, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiaa037.

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Abstract This article explores the interplay between arbitration and wine law and the possibility of having increased recourse to arbitration in wine-related disputes. Since Antiquity, wine production and commercialization have been subject to specific regulations, which have progressively given rise to modern wine law. Wine law is primarily focused on the protection of the geographical origin and branding of wine as well as consumer protection, fields typically inadequate for arbitration. However, wine law also covers wine commercialization and related operations such as vineyard sales, which offer many opportunities for arbitration in the wake of the internationalization of wine production and trade. This is particularly true since the wine sector is characterized by both very specific trade usages and a high degree of technicality, which require adjudicators of wine-related disputes to have a high degree of sectorial expertise. Arbitration therefore appears to be a particularly well-suited means of dispute adjudication for wine-related litigation, as illustrated by the authors’ experience.
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Jaeger, David A., and Karl Storchmann. "Wine Retail Price Dispersion in the United States: Searching for Expensive Wines?" American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.136.

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Similar to other markets in which deviations from Jevons' “law of one price” is the norm rather than the exception, the retail wine market in the United States is characterized by large price dispersions. Drawing on a large sample of retail prices from wine-searcher.com we find an average per-wine coefficient of variation of 23 percent. Some of this is due to differential market conditions, especially state regulations. Our evidence suggests that dispersion also depends positively on price levels, after controlling for consumer, market, and state heterogeneity.
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Shen, Anqi. "‘Being Affluent, One Drinks Wine’: Wine Counterfeiting in Mainland China." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i4.1086.

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This article focuses on wine counterfeiting and the policing of fake wines in mainland China. Relying on rich data drawn from published materials and open sources, it discusses three important themes in relation to product counterfeiting: the definitional issue; the scope, scale and organisation of the counterfeiting business; and law enforcement against product piracy. The aim is to broaden our knowledge about the counterfeiting trade, to develop a clear understanding of the illegitimate market, and to help to renew countermeasures that not only enable the exercising of tighter control over the counterfeiting industry but also disrupt the illegal behaviours of counterfeiters. Rather than place emphasis on the protection of intellectual property rights, this article stresses public health concerns with regard to dangerous counterfeit goods such as fake wines. Examining wine counterfeiting within the existing analytical framework of organised crime research, this article contributes to analysis of the nature of product counterfeiting and the issue of policing counterfeit goods.
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Hicks, Stephen C. "Human Experimentation: New Wine, No Bottles." American Journal of Comparative Law 38 (1990): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840560.

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Kasradze, Tea, Maka Nutsubidze, and Pikria Kapanadze. "Recent Opportunities for Increasing Georgian Wine Export - Incentives or Obstacles to Improving Wine Quality." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/357fcq80.

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Along with the internationally recognized image of Georgian wine and the increase of wine exports, special attention is paid to maintaining and improving the quality of Georgian wine. Taking into account the requirements of the local and international wine markets and, consequently, promoting the development of a competitive market remains a challenge for Georgian law. The creation of favorable conditions for the export of wine at the local and international level implies, first of all, the existence of legal regulations. The aim of the Law of Georgia on Vine and Wine and its accompanying subordinate normative acts is to develop a competitive wine market in Georgia and to protect the interests of consumers, to maintain and grow the international reputation of the Georgian viticulture and winemaking sector. The law was substantially amended in 2017 and the aim of the reform was to adapt to the challenges in the wine sector and bring it closer to international standards. At the same time, the export of Georgian wine to different countries is regulated by a different legal framework. Therefore, it is in our interest to analyze these different legal regulations, which have a direct impact on the opportunities for wine exports from Georgia - the incentive or obstacle to improving the quality of Georgian wine. EU regulations apply to both wines produced in the EU and imported to the EU market, as well as to Georgia, as a third country that has signed the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the EU. Russia, Ukraine and the USA are important export markets for Georgia. Georgia has different international legal relations with each of them and, accordingly, the legal requirements for wine exports to these countries are different. The paper examines the current state of the modern Georgian wine market in the context of domestic and international norms regulating wine exports. It is analyzed whether local legislation and international agreements regulating wine exports contribute to the growth of Georgian wine exports and the improvement of wine quality.
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Wijffels, Alain. "A consultancy on wine imports." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 73, no. 3-4 (2005): 321–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181905774858905.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wine law"

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Han, Yong Qiang. "Pre-contractual Duties in the UK Insurance Law after 2015: Old (or New?) Wine in New Bottles?" Hart Publishing, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17806.

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Georgelin, Clémence. "Fonction identitaire et protection juridique du "terroir" : étude des rapports entre les sciences du vin et le droit vitivinicole." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMD008/document.

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Le terme de terroir est utilisé en France depuis déjà plusieurs siècles. Il faut cependant attendre le début des années 2000 pour que l’Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) lui octroie une définition adaptée au secteur vitivinicole. Le terroir fut alors défini comme, « un concept qui se réfère à un espace sur lequel se développe un savoir collectif, des interactions entre le milieu physique et biologique identifiable et les pratiques vitivinicoles appliquées, qui confèrent des caractéristiques distinctives aux produits originaires de cet espace ». Ainsi semblait se dessiner un axe de qualification du terroir en fonction des caractéristiques scientifiques, les facteurs naturels et humains, déjà connus de l’appellation d’origine protégée (AOP). Cet engouement naissant pour la qualification de produits vitivinicoles du terroir trouve très certainement son origine dans l'utilisation abusive actuelle des AOP dont le nombre va croissant. Cette définition dépourvue de tout effet juridique fragilise cependant sa pérennité. Tout l’enjeu est alors d’identifier les contours scientifiques qui déterminent le terroir pour envisager par la suite un cadre juridique. A partir d’une démarche de juxtaposition des facteurs naturels et humains à l'instar de ce que l'on observe pour les AOP, il sera question de mettre en évidence les facteurs scientifiques induits par le cahier des charges indispensable à la qualification juridique du terroir. La contre-productivité des solutions envisagées pour encadrer juridiquement la théorie du terroir au regard des dénominations géographiques existantes sera ainsi mise en évidence
The term terroir has been used in France for several centuries. However, it was not until the early 21st century that it received a definition specific to the wine sector from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV). The OIV defines terroir as a concept referring to an “area in which collective knowledge of the interactions between the identifiable physical and biological environment and applied vitivinicultural practices develops, providing distinctive characteristics for the products originating from this area”. This implies an axis of qualification of terroir reflecting scientific characteristics, as well as natural and human factors, already contained in the notion of appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC). This nascent enthusiasm for the use of terroir to designate vitivinicultural products most probably stems from the tendency to overuse AOPs, whose number is relentlessly increasing. But this definition, which cannot claim genuine legal foundations, undermines its enduring nature. The challenge is therefore to identify the scientific outlines of the definition of terroir, with a view to establishing a legal framework. Building on a juxtaposition of natural and human factors in the same way as AOPs, we highlight the implied scientific factors within the specifications necessary for the legal qualification of terroir. We then argue that the solutions envisaged to legally frame the theory of the terroir can be counterproductive in view of existing geographical indications
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Roberto, Sobrinho Merenice. "Caracterização físico-química do vinho paulista." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254273.

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Orientador: Helena Teixeira Godoy
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoSobrinho_Merenice_D.pdf: 1477674 bytes, checksum: 5fe6158bfbdcf36f980d7b9780573936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A legislação brasileira define o vinho como um produto elaborado com uvas frescas, sãs e maduras, produzido por processo fermentativo adequado. Não é permitida a adição de água como constituinte do produto; a adição de sacarose na correção do mosto é restrita a 3ºGL (20ºC) e a presença de contaminantes deve controlada a fim de garantir a saúde pública. A vitivinicultura do estado de São Paulo está passando por um processo de revitalização cujo objetivo é a melhoria da qualidade do produto. As variedades de uvas mais utlizadas, Vitis labrusca e híbridas não são as mais indicadas para a vinificação. O uso de matéria prima inadequada ou a realização do processo fermentativo de forma equivocada pode levar à obtenção de um vinho com parâmetros de identidade e qualidade em desacordo com a legislação brasileira, comprometendo a ascenção de mercado. Dentre a literatura consultada, são escassos os dados quanto a composição dos vinhos produzidos no estado de São Paulo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-quimica e investigar os padrões de identidade e qualidade dos vinhos paulistas. Neste estudo, foram realizadas diversas análises a fim de proporcionar dados que possam contribuir para a avaliação da qualidade do vinho paulista e, consequentemente, direcionar as correções necessárias nos processos de vinificação. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises de pH, acidez total, acidez volátil bruta, acidez volátil corrigida, açúcares totais, anidrido sulfuroso total, grau alcoólico, acetaldeído, metanol, razão isotópica de carbono e oxigênio. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de vinhos paulistas, elaborados por 12 produtores, a partir de uvas americanas, híbridas e viníferas na safra de 2011. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível observar que 87,5% das amostras estudadas atenderam aos requisitos legais do Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade. Apenas duas amostras, de produtores diferentes, excederam os limites legais para acidez, que pode ser explicado pelo excesso de chuvas verificado durante a safra de 2011 na região. Quanto ao teor de açúcares, apenas uma amostra apresentou divergência entre o valor referenciado na rotulagem e o encontrado nos ensaios. Todos os vinhos avaliados apresentaram graduação alcoólica adequada aos limites legais, porém houve divergência de até 16,4% entre os teores registrados nos rótulos e os verificados nos ensaios. Os níveis de metanol encontrados estiveram abaixo do limite máximo estabelecido. Para o acetaldeído as concentrações variaram entre 4,51± 0,52 mg.L-1 e 87,22 ± 2,21 mg.L-1, sendo que o recomendado na literatura é de até 50 mg.L-1. Os resultados para a razão isotópica de carbono demonstraram que 55% dos vinhos avaliados se apresentaram fora dos limites legais para a correção da graduação alcoólica. Para a razão isotópica de oxigênio todas as amostras analisadas se encontraram acima dos valores de referência para vinhos de São Paulo da safra de 2011, indicando que não há adição de água exógena. No entanto, amostras que se apresentaram em desacordo com a legislação, indicam que há necessidade de intensificar as orientações aos produtores para que possam realizar um controle mais efetivo no processo de produção para a melhoria da qualidade do produto
Abstract: The wine industry in the state of São Paulo is undergoing a revitalization process aimed at improving the quality of the product. Brazilian law defines wine as a product made from fresh, healthy and ripe grapes, produced by appropriate fermentation. It is not permitted to add water as a constituent of the product; adding sucrose to correct the wort is restricted to 3 GL (20 ° C) and the presence of contaminants must be controlled to ensure public health. The most utilized varieties are vitis labrusca and hybrid, but they are not quite suitable for winemaking. The use of inappropriate raw material or inadequate performance of the fermentation process can lead to obtaining a wine with parameters of quality and identity that differ from the Brazilian legislation, undermining the rising market. Among the literature, there are few data regarding the composition of the wines produced in the state of São Paulo. In this study, several analysis were conducted to provide data that can help to evaluate the quality of the Paulista wine and consequently direct the necessary corrections in the process of winemaking. The aim of this study was to characterize physico-chemically and investigate the patterns of identity and quality of the wines described by Brazilian law. Thus, we performed analyzes of pH, total acidity, volatile acidity crude, volatile acidity adjusted, total sugars, total sulfur dioxide, alcohol content, acetaldehyde, methanol, and carbon isotope ratio of oxygen. We analyzed 24 samples of Paulista wines, processed by 12 producers from American, wine grapes and hybrid grapes from the 2011harvest. From the results, it was observed that 87.5% of the samples met the legal requirements. Only two samples from different producers, exceeded the legal limits for acidity, which can be explained by excessive rainfall occurred during the harvest of 2011. As for the sugar content, only one sample showed divergence between the value found in the assays and the value referenced in labeling. All wines showed high alcohol content appropriate to the legal limits, but there was a difference of up to 15% percent from the levels recorded on labels and checked in for tests. The levels of methanol were found below the limit. For acetaldehyde concentrations ranged between 4.51 ± 0.52 mg.L-1 and 87.22 ± 2.21 mg.L-1, and the recommended is 50 mg.L-1. The results for the carbon isotope ratio demonstrated that 55% of the wines evaluated were out of the legal limits for correction of alcoholic content. For oxygen isotope ratio of all samples were found above the reference values for wines from São Paulo crop of 2011, indicating no addition of exogenous water. However, the samples that are at odds with the legislation indicate that there is a need to strengthen the guidelines for producers and perform a more effective control of the production process
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos
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Pesavento, Matthew Todd. "THE IMPACT OF DIRECT TO CONSUMER SHIPPING LAWS ON THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF WINERIES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564415779784843.

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Ndlovu, Joseph Buyani. "Screening, identification and characterisation of bacteriocins produced by the wine isolated LAB." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80322.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a vital role in reducing wine acidity and also contributing to its aroma and flavour. However, they can also be responsible for many wine spoilage problems that compromise the quality and value of wine. While Oenococcus oeni contributes positive characteristics to the sensory properties of wine, certain species of the genera, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus can affect the wholesomeness of wine by producing undesirable compounds, such as biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate. Chemical preservatives like sulphur dioxide (SO2) are used to prevent the growth of spoilage micro-organisms during the winemaking process. SO2 also acts as a reducing agent and maintains the benefits of antioxidant properties of the polyphenols of wine. However, there is a worldwide demand to reduce SO2 levels due to the increasing health related risks and other factors. All these considerations have increased the interest in research to look for new preservation strategies, and LAB-produced bacteriocins seem to be a potential alternative that has been explored in the last decade. Various types of bacteriocins have been identified and characterized. However, there are few reports on bacteriocins produced by LAB of oenological origin or on bacteriocins present in the finished wine. The present study screened 155 LAB isolates from the IWBT culture collection for bacteriocin production. The isolates originated from South African red wines undergoing spontenous malolactic fermentation (MLF). Eight strains (5%) were identified to be producers, as evidenced by strong inhibition zones formed against sensitive organisms on agar plates. The producers demonstrated a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity by inhibiting Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Listeria monocytogenes and Pediococcus pentosaceus strains. Some of these bacterial genera are important in winemaking since they are potential wine spoilage bacteria. Hence these strains and/or the bacteriocins they produce could possibly find application in the food fermentation industry. The physiological results, biochemical tests and sugar fermentation profiles all gave the same results for the seven isolates, which were indicative of enterococci. The identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the seven tested isolates were all Enterococccus faecium. RAPD-PCR fingerprinting gave the same profile for the seven strains confirming that they were all identical on genetic level. Determining the molecular weight using SDS-PAGE showed the peptides to be below 4.6 kDa in size. PCR amplification of the enterocin P gene, sequencing and BLAST search results confirmed that all eight strains contained the enterocin P gene from Ent. faecium. The enterocin tested in this study was heat stable at 100°C (30 min), but lost 50% of its activity at 121°C (15 min). Factors such as bacteriocin production and heat resistance are among many that enable enterococci to be dominant in fermented products such as dairy foods or meat. Therefore, enterococci producing bacteriocins have potential applications in various foods and fermented products. The pH tests showed enterocin to be active over a broad pH range (2-10). Enterocin activity over a wide pH range make them potentially more suitable as natural preservatives of foods and fermented products where products are acidified or pH decreases due to natural LAB present. They also have potential applications in oenological process where pH levels are as low as 3 and 4. Proteolytic enzyme treatments with lysozyme, lipase, lyticase and catalase could not inhibit enterocin activity. This indicated that their antimicrobial activity was independent of lipid or carbohydrate moieties or hydrogen peroxide. α-Chymotrypsin and proteinase K inactivated enterocin, which indicated that the compound was proteinaceous in nature. Bacteriocin production tested in two of the isolates, #16.3 and 128.1, coincided with the exponential growth phase which occurred after 6 hours of incubation at 30°C, which was an indication of primary metabolite kinetics. The highest production of 400 AU/ml was observed after eight hours and was maintained for several hours (46 hours) in the stationery phase. The bactericidal effect of the cell free supernatants from #16.3 and 128.1 against the sensitive culture of Lactobacillus pentosus DSM 20314 was clearly demonstrated by complete inhibition of growth for most of the experimental period, while the control increased exponentially throughout the experiment. In conclusion, this study has confirmed the isolation and identification of Ent. faecium strains from wine, a genus that is rarely found in the wine environment. Although one can speculate on the origin of this bacterium in the wine e.g. human handling and contaminated water, these bacterial isolates produced enterocin P which have antimicrobial action against wine-related LAB genera and therefore have a potential role in wine spoilage control.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Melksuurbakterieë (MSB) speel ‘n belangrike rol in die redusering van die suurgehalte van wyn en dra ook by tot die aroma en smaak daarvan. Hulle kan egter ook verantwoordelik wees vir vele wynbederfprobleme wat die gehalte en waarde van wyn negatief beïnvloed. Hoewel Oenococcus oeni positiewe karaktertrekke aan die sensoriese eienskappe van wyn verleen, kan sekere spesies van die genus, Lactobacillus en Pediococcus, die heilsaamheid van wyn beïnvloed deur ongewenste verbindings, soos biogeniese amienes en etielkarbamaat, te produseer. Chemiese preserveermiddels, soos swaweldioksied (SO₂), word gebruik om die groei van bederfmikro-organismes tydens die wynbereidingsproses te voorkom. SO₂ fungeer ook as ‘n reduseermiddel en onderhou die voordele van die antioksidant eienskappe van die poli-fenole van wyn. Daar is egter ‘n wêreldwye vraag na die redusering van SO₂-vlakke as gevolg van die toename in gesondheidsverwante risiko’s en ander faktore. Al hierdie oorwegings het belangstelling in die navorsing van nuwe preserveringstrategieë laat toeneem en MSB-geproduseerde bakteriosiene lyk na ‘n potensiële alternatief wat in die laaste dekade ondersoek word. Verskeie tipes bakteriosiene is geïdentifiseer en getipeer. Daar is egter nog weinig gerapporteer oor bakteriosiene wat deur MSB van wynkundige oorsprong geproduseer is of oor bakteriosiene wat in afgeronde wyn teenwoordig is. Die huidige studie het 155 MSB isolate van die Instituut vir Wynbiotegnologie se kultuurversameling vir bakteriosien-produsering gegradeer. Agt stamme (5%) is as produseerders geïdentifiseer, soos gestaaf is deur sterk inhibisiesones wat teen sensitiewe organismes op agarplate gevorm het. Die produseerders het ‘n breë spektrum van antimikrobiese aktiwiteit by inhiberende Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Listeria monocytogenes en Pediococcus pentosaceus stamme gedemonstreer. Sommige van hierdie bakteriese genera is belangrik in wynbereiding, omdat dit potensiële wynbederfbakterieë is. Hierdie isolate en/of die bakteriosiene wat dit produseer, kan dus moontlik toepassing in die voedselfermentasiebedryf vind. Die fisiologiese resultate, biochemiese toetse en suikerfermentasieprofiele het almal dieselfde resultate vir die sewe isolate, wat indikatief van enterococci was, gelewer. Die identifisering deur 16S rRNA-basispaaropeenvolging het onthul dat die sewe getoetste isolate almal Enterococccus faecium was. RAPD-PKR-vingerafdrukke het dieselfde profiel vir die sewe rasse gelewer, wat bevestig dat die rasse almal identies op genetiese vlak was. Deur die molekulêre gewig vas te stel deur middel van SDSPAGE, het dit getoon dat die peptiede kleiner as 4.6 kDa in grootte is. PKR-amplifikasie van die enterosien-P geen, die bepaling van basispaaropeenvolging en BLAST-soekresultate het bevestig dat al agt rasse die enterosien-Pgeen van Ent. faecium bevat. Die enterosien wat in hierdie studie getoets is, was hitte-stabiel teen 100°C (30 min), maar het 50% van sy aktiwiteit teen 121°C (15 min) verloor. Faktore soos bakteriosienproduksie en hittebestandheid, is van die vele faktore wat enterococci in staat stel om dominant in gefermenteerde produkte, soos suiwelprodukte of vleis te wees. Enterococci wat bakteriosiene produseer het dus potensiële toepassings in verskeie kossoorte en gefermenteerde produkte. Die pH-toetse het getoon dat enterosien-P oor ‘n breë pH spektrum (2-10) aktief was. Enterosienaktiwiteit oor ‘n wye pH spektrum maak dit potensieel meer geskik as natuurlike preserveermiddels vir kossoorte en gefermenteerde produkte waar produkte versuur word of die pH afneem as gevolg van natuurlike MSB wat teenwoordig is. Dit het ook potensiële toepassings in enologiese prosessering waar pH-vlakke so laag as 3 en 4 is. Proteolitiese ensiembehandelings met lisosiem, lipase, litikase en katalase kon nie enterosienaktiwiteit inhibeer nie. Daar is getoon dat hul antimikrobiese aktiwiteit onafhanklik was van lipiede, koolhidraatdele óf waterstofperoksied. α-Chymotripsien en proteïenase-K het enterosien onaktief gemaak, wat getoon het dat die samestelling proteïenagtig van nature is. Bakteriosienproduksie wat in twee van die stamme #16.3 en 128.1 getoets is, het ooreengestem met die eksponensiële groeifase wat na 6 ure van inkubasie teen 30°C plaasgevind het, en wat ‘n aanduiding is van primêre metabolitiese kinetika. Die hoogste produksie van 400 AU/ml is na agt ure waargeneem en is vir etlike ure (46 uur) in die stasionêre fase gehandhaaf. Die bakterie-dodende effek van die selvrye supernatant van #16.3 en 128.1 teenoor die sensitiewe kultuur van Lactobacillus pentosus DSM 20314 is duidelik gedemonstreer deur totale inhibisie van groei vir die grootste deel van die eksperimentele periode, terwyl die kontrole eksponensieel deur die hele eksperiment toegeneem het. Hierdie studie het dus die isolering en identifisering van Ent. faecium-stamme, ‘n genus wat baie selde gevind word in ‘n wynomgewing, vanuit wyn bevestig. Alhoewel daar gespekuleer kan word oor die oorsprong van hierdie bakterie in wyn bv. menslike hantering en besmette water, het hierdie rasse wel enterosien geproduseer en daarom die potensiaal om ‘n rol te speel in beheer teen verskeie bederf-MSB-genera.
TIA, NRF and THRIP
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Denson, Razaana. "A comparative exposition of Islamic law relating to the law of husband and wife." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19564.

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Notwithstanding the enactment of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 the recognition of systems of religious, personal or family law for certain cultural and religious groups has either been limited or is virtually non-existent. To this extent, marriages concluded in terms of Islamic rites do not enjoy the same legal recognition that is accorded to civil and customary marriages. Non-recognition of Muslim marriages means there is no legal regulatory framework to enforce any of the consequences that arise as a result of the marriage, or any orders that are made by the Ulama, thereby creating a perilous situation that has dire consequences for spouses to a Muslim marriage. Despite South Africa’s commitment to the right of equality and freedom of religion, the courts have acknowledged that the failure to grant recognition to Muslim marriages on the ground of gender equality, has worsened the plight of women in these marriages, in that they were left without effective legal protection, should the union be dissolved either by death or divorce. Whilst the ad hoc recognition of certain consequences of Muslim marriages by the judiciary has gone a some way to redress the plight of Muslim women, and provided relief to the lived realities of Muslim women, these decisions are in fact contrary to the teachings and principles of Islam and therefore problematic for Muslims. These court decisions, that are in conflict with Muslim Personal Law (MPL), will ultimately lead to the emergence of a distorted set of laws relating to Muslim family law. This is a real cause for concern. This thesis is written from an Islamic legal theory perspective, which is contrary to western legal theory, as the latter adopts a human rights perspective. The basis of modern western democratic societies is a constitution that is premised on human rights and equality and which advocates the notion that the rights contained in the constitution reign supreme in all matters, religion included. Therefore, where a conflict arises in respect of the freedom of religion and the right to equality, western ideologies and philosophies dictate that the latter trump the former. This would inevitably mean that religious law would have to be adapted and ultimately amended so that it is in compliance with the constitution. From an Islamic religious perspective, this is not feasible and practicing Muslims will find this untenable. This may be legally uncomfortable in South Africa as a constitutional democracy but it is the reality for the adherents of the Muslim faith. A draft Muslim Marriages Bill (MMB) was released in 2003, and an amended MMB was tabled in Parliament in 2010. Both MMBs propose the legal recognition and regulation of Muslim marriages in South Africa. However, the two major issues delaying the enactment of the MMB into legislation are, firstly, whether or not the MMB would pass constitutional muster and secondly, the lack of agreement in the Muslim community on whether the MMB is Shari’ah compliant. Despite the largely consultative process that the MMBs underwent the legislative attempts to enact the MMB into legislation has not been successful. This thesis seeks to provide a possible solution whereby legislation regulating MPL law can be implemented in South Africa, notwithstanding the apparent conflict existing between MPL and the rights contained in the Bill of Rights. Notwithstanding the preference shown by the legislature to enact the MMB into legislation which will grant recognition to Muslim marriages, it is submitted there is a need for the legislature to rethink the approach that has to date been adopted. To this extent, it is submitted that the legislature should reconsider granting recognition to Muslim marriages by enacting legislation that takes the form of general legislation where state recognition is granted to all religious marriages, whether it be Muslim, Hindu or Jewish marriages. General legislation would mean that the state would require the marriage to be registered. However, the prescribed requirements, formalities and the consequences of the marriage would be determined by the chosen religious system of the spouses. On a national level a comparative analysis between Islamic law and the South African legal system, relating to the law of marriage is conducted. For the comparative analysis on an international level the law of marriage in England and Wales has been chosen. South Africa and England and Wales share a commitment to human rights and have adopted various approaches in respect of accommodating the application of Islamic law. Furthermore, an internal pluralism exists within the Muslim communities in South Africa, England and Wales as the majority of Muslims in these countries have to varying degrees developed diverse strategies to ensure compliance with Islamic law, and as well as South African and English law. The manner in which MPL is granted recognition needs to be given careful consideration as the implementation of this legislation will only be successful if it is compatible with the rulings and teachings of Islamic law. Caution should therefore be exercised to ensure that the fundamental aspects of MPL are not compromised as this will result in the legislation not being Shari’ah compliant and there will be no buyin from the Muslim community, with the consequence that this legislation will be mere paper law.
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BAUDREY, Xavier. "How to develop onshore wind farm projects in France under the new Grenelle 2 law." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96706.

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With the rising global warming issue and an ever-increasing dependency oil problem, wind power seems to be an alternative source of energy which is clean, non-polluting, and cost effective. The European 20-20-20 goals as well as national targets for the next ten years require a substantial increase in installed renewable capacity in France. Maïa Eolis is a leading French wind project developer and independent renewable energy producer which helps France to meet its new renewable energy targets. Even if the general opinion on wind energy is rather positive, developing a wind power project is a complex process in France because there are many regulations and new environmental constraints due to the Grenelle 2 law. Many administrative and legislative barriers consequently slow down every step of the development process. This includes handling and coordinating the permitting and application process, realizing pre-feasibility studies, and identifying the best suited sites for wind turbines, taking into account obstacles, aesthetics, and other environmental issues, in order to capture as much wind as possible. Ensuring local support is another key element of the success of a project in order to integrate it in the best possible way in its environment.
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Faccani, Maria. "Black-Body Radiation. A Study on Planck's Law and Derivation of Wien's Displacement Law." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Nel primo capitolo di questa tesi, presentero' qualche risultato propedeutico sullo spettro luminoso e la radiazione elettromagnetica. Inoltre, darò una definizione formale di corpo nero e introdurrò le leggi di Kirchhoff. Il secondo capitolo trattera' della legge sulla radiazione di un corpo nero di Planck, ponendo l'accento sul legame che la sua scoperta ha con la meccanica quantistica. La legge dello spostamento di Wien sarà esplicitamente derivata dalla legge di Planck, sia in termini di frequenza che di lunghezza d'onda, cosi' come la legge di Stefan-Boltzmann. Infine, nel terzo capitolo mostrero' alcuni esempi di come le leggi precedentemente introdotte siano di grande utilita' nel campo dell'astronomia e dell'astrofisica. In particolare, nell'ultimo capitolo mi concentrero' sulla Radiazione Cosmica di Fondo , che e' la migliore rappresentazione della radiazione di corpo nero data in natura. Dopo una breve storia della sua prima scoperta, introdurrò il suo spettro e il legame tra lo studio della Radiazione Cosmica di Fondo e la teoria del Big Bang.
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Ameen, Nusrat. ""Keeping a wife at the end of a stick" : law and wife abuse in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1278/.

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This thesis is concerned with wife abuse in Bangladesh and examines the legal position of women in relation to such abuse. However, the thesis also evaluates the socio-economic-cultural and religious aspects because these have an important impact on Bangladeshi women's lives and their relation to the law. To achieve my goal I carried out an empirical study in Bangladesh which consisted of interviews with abused women and the professionals, for example, lawyers, police officers, agency officers and doctors dealing with wife abuse. Marriage being the centrality of women's existence in Bangladesh, women are in a complex situation in upholding this institution in the face of abuse. The thesis shows that in Bangladesh the constitutional provisions granting equal rights, enactments of special legislation to protect women, and women's movements have helped in some degree to liberate women in theory. However, in reality all these efforts are influenced by patriarchy and thus women are accorded an inferior position to that of men in society and are still abused. Therefore, the thesis shows how this male domination cuts across the social boundaries of class and religion thereby resulting in all kinds of exploitation and discriminatory practices. The murders of young wives on account of dowry, wives committing suicides to escape the humiliation and abuse from husbands and/or in-laws are instances of such exploitation and abuse. Wife abuse has become a common practice in a patriarchal society like Bangladesh. The majority of Bangladeshi women who play the role of a faithful wife and a selfeffacing mother are forced to live a passive, powerless life because women are taught to be tolerant of abuse. The social and religious taboos also sanction wife beating. Women believe that wife-hood and mother-hood are the two main reasons for their existence and that they have to be dependent on men. Therefore women also accept the abuse. Nevertheless, the thesis shows that in some cases (especially lower-class) women are now beginning to resist this abuse in their own ways, although their number may be tiny compared with the magnitude of the problem. However, the thesis also argues that wife abuse is condoned by the public/private dichotomy which is also a product of patriarchal ideology. The exploitation takes place at home for women are usually abused behind closed doors. Even when women are ready to break the tradition, they are restrained by this dichotomy which is apparent in the handling of wife abuse cases by the professionals (for example, lawyers, police, agency officers and doctors). Thus women are again restricted by the norms of privacy and social pressures which confine wives to an almost invisible status. The isolation of women observing `purdah' is an instance of such restrictions. The law therefore cannot serve these women. However, the thesis argues that law is an important site of struggle for women, although it is also restrained by patriarchy. The uneven development of law in family issues shows the limitations of law in dealing adequately with wife abuse in Bangladesh. Therefore, suffering the double vulnerability of being both women and mostly illiterate and often unaware of their legal rights and also unable to defend their economic interests, women in Bangladesh become victims of invisible violence from their partners at home. Women are trapped within this vicious circle of abuse and social pressure and their dependent attitude. The law which is also within this circle of patriarchy fails to deal with such violence, thus keeping the issue invisible. Therefore the thesis argues that unless wife abuse is given due recognition in the way that serious dowry violence has been recognised and made a specific offence the character of such abuse will ever remain invisible and obscured. The thesis also argues that there must be a change of attitude of all towards wife abuse and women should be the first to be educated.
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Griffin, Stuart James. "Helicopter control law design using eigenstructure assignment." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21041/.

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Books on the topic "Wine law"

1

Mendelson, Richard. Wine in America: Law and policy. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers, 2011.

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Kramer, M. J. The digest of wine and spirits law. San Francisco, CA (40 Mangels Ave., San Francisco 94131): M.J. Kramer & Associates, 1991.

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Harvey, Matt, and Vickie Waye. Global wine regulation. Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co., 2014.

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Vasche, Jon David. The economic and fiscal effects of a primary source law for California wine imports. Sacramento, Calif. (925 L St., Suite 650, Sacramento 95814): Legislative Analyst, State of California, 1986.

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Jennar, Raoul Marc. Menaces sur la civilisation du vin. Bruxelles: Aden, 2007.

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Bahans, Jean-Marc. Le droit du marché viti-vinicole. Bordeaux: Éditions Féret, 2003.

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Das europäische Weinrecht. Luzern: Books on Demand, 2003.

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Zumbusch, Ludwig von. Das Verhältnis des EG-Weinbezeichnungsrechts zum deutschen Wein- und Wettbewerbsrecht. München: VVF, 1990.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Governmental Organization. Joint hearing of the Senate Committee on Governmental Organization and the Senate Select Committee on California's Wine Industry: "a review of tied-house laws that impinge on the state's wine industry and the status of direct shipment regulations nationwide". Sacramento, CA: Senate Publications, 1999.

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La réglementation vitivinicole champenoise: Une superposition de règles communautaires, nationales et locales. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wine law"

1

Church, John M. "Wine certifications and geographic indications." In Law and Food, 107–27. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Juris diversitas: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003159582-8.

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MacDonald, Graham A. "The Wine Merchant’s Son: Ruskin’s Discovery of the World." In John Ruskin's Politics and Natural Law, 25–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72281-8_2.

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Overton, John, and Warwick E. Murray. "GI Blues: Geographical Indications and Wine in New Zealand." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 197–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53073-4_8.

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Wissa, Myriam. "‘Twenty-five hundred knidia of wine … and two boats to transport the wine to Fustāt’. An Insight into Wine Consumption and Use Amongst the dhimmīs and wider Communities in Umayyad Egypt." In Law and Religious Minorities in Medieval Societies: Between Theory and Praxis, 101–10. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.relmin-eb.5.109352.

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Karton, Joshua, and Jenna-Dawn Shervill. "New Wine in Old Bottles: Corrupt Foreign Contracts in Canadian Private Law." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 37–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19054-9_2.

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Wei, Shen, and Zhang Beibei. "New Bottle or Old Wine? – Major Changes in Foreign Investment Law 2019." In China's Foreign Investment Law in the New Normal, 59–101. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130499-2.

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Taylor, Susanne, and Madeline Taylor. "The Aroma of Opportunity: The Potential of Wine Geographical Indications in the Australia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 81–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53073-4_4.

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Kuijper, Pieter-Jan. "From Dyestuffs to Kosovo Wine: from Avoidance to Acceptance by the European Community Courts of Customary International Law as Limit to Community Action." In On the Foundations and Sources of International Law, 151–76. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-615-2_5.

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"Wine Law in Australia." In Wine Law and Policy, 175–96. Brill | Nijhoff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004438316_008.

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"Exploring Italy’s Wine Law Reforms." In Wine Law and Policy, 99–126. Brill | Nijhoff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004438316_005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wine law"

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I.Y., Mekhantseva, Guseva N.V., Salikhova A.M., and Trokhmanenko A.A. "STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINE-MAKING EQUIPMENT IN THE PERIOD AFTER 2017." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.140-143.

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The article presents an analysis of the law" On viticulture and Winemaking" of 2019, the opinions of experts and farmers on innovations. It is established that the majority of producers of wine-making equipment of the Soviet era either re-profiled or ceased their activities. At the moment, the market is dominated by manufacturers of equipment for low-tonnage wine production. The technical re-equipment of the wine industry is still far from complete, despite a large number of proposals from both domestic and foreign producers.
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Zolotov, S. A., I. Yu Mekhantsev, and N. V. Guseva. "STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN WINE-MAKING EQUIPMENT IN THE PLANNED AND MARKET ECONOMY." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.535-539.

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The article presents an analysis of developers and manufacturers of technological equipment for wine production in the planned and market economy. It was found that most organizations of developers and manufacturers of equipment for wine production were re-profiled or ceased their activities. The wine industry is faced with the task of establishing discrete principles of winemaking with programming of individual processes and devices instead of automated production lines that do not have technological flexibility. And the law "on viticulture and winemaking", signed by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on December 27, 2019, aimed at supporting individual entrepreneurs to promote wine products produced from grapes grown in the territory of the Russian Federation to the domestic consumer market and foreign markets, gives a new incentive to develop and manufacture domestic equipmen
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Wan, M., S. Oughton, S. Servidio, W. H. Matthaeus, M. Maksimovic, K. Issautier, N. Meyer-Vernet, M. Moncuquet, and F. Pantellini. "The third-order law for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with constant shear." In TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3395829.

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Lessig, Lawrence. "The Law of the Horse at 20: Phases of the Net." In The World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313786.

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Wegrzycki, Karol, Piotr Sankowski, Andrzej Pacuk, and Piotr Wygocki. "Why Do Cascade Sizes Follow a Power-Law?" In WWW '17: 26th International World Wide Web Conference. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3038912.3052565.

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Waite, Josiah, Jared A. Grauer, Robert E. Bartels, and Bret Stanford. "Aeroservoelastic Control Law Development for the Integrated Adaptive Wing Technology Maturation Wind-Tunnel Test." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0609.

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Velli, Marco, M. Maksimovic, K. Issautier, N. Meyer-Vernet, M. Moncuquet, and F. Pantellini. "Solar Wind Acceleration: Mechanisms and Scaling Laws." In TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3395823.

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Flores, Antonio, Israel Lugo, Ivan Gonzalez, and Rogelio Lozano. "Vector field guidance law for fixed wing UAV." In 2017 21st International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2017.8107061.

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Hoshen, Joseph, George Drake, and Debra D. Spencer. "Wide-area continuous offender monitoring." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza and Donald Spector. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266737.

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Vidal, Fernando, Jesús T. Pastor, Juan Aparicio, and Lidia Ortiz. "¿Son los Vinos de Pago la figura más eficiente entre las DOP españolas?" In 38th World Congress of Vine and Wine (Part 2). Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/oivconf/201507007.

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Reports on the topic "Wine law"

1

Ghee, Terence A., and Nigel J. Taylor. Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Tests on a Diamond Wing High Lift Configuration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377908.

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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
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Rasson, Joseph E. Low-Maintenance Wind Power System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000354.

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Preus, Robert W., and DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett. ARE660 Wind Generator: Low Wind Speed Technology for Small Turbine Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/927424.

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Murguia, Juan M., Pablo Ordoñez, Leonardo Corral, and Gilmar Navarrete-Chacón. Payment for Ecosystem Services in Costa Rica: Evaluation of a Country-wide Program. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004259.

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Several countries have implemented payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs, buoyed by the promise of these programs as a win-win strategy that would allow both the conservation of natural resources, and the reduction of poverty for rural households and communities. Our study evaluates the effect on deforestation of Costa Rica's PES program, one of the oldest country-wide programs in the world. Costa Rica approved the 1996 Forest Law (Law No. 7575), creating a PES program that compensates landowners for forest conservation. We estimate these effects using an event study design with staggered entry into treatment. Our results show a statistically significant effect for the first year with a decrease in deforestation of 0.21 ha, but not for the following years. Given that the baseline level of deforestation in our sample is low, the magnitude of the effect is large. When compared to the pre-2016 average level of within farm deforestation, our estimated effect would imply a 100% reduction in deforestation for the first year after enrollment. Given the program pays the participants for a 5-year period, and that the effect is significant only during the first year, it may be beneficial for the program to reduce its length and implement required simplified annual contract renewals or other behavioral interventions to reduce noncompliance in subsequent years.
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Todd E. Mills and Judy Tatum. Hi-Q Rotor - Low Wind Speed Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/971423.

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Farrell, S., ed. Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Overview. RFC Editor, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8376.

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Bowen, B. IMPROVED WIND AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS USING A LOW-COST 3-D SONIC ANEMOMETER AT A LOW-WIND SITE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926051.

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Zeler, Ileana, Andrea Oliveira, and Silvia Malaver. La gestión comunicativa de las empresas vitivinícolas de España en las principales redes sociales / Communication management of Spanish wine companies in the main social networks. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Publicas, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-18-2019-09-161-178.

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Chobot, Anthony, Debarshi Das, Tyler Mayer, Zach Markey, Tim Martinson, Hayden Reeve, Paul Attridge, and Tahany El-Wardany. Novel Low Cost, High Reliability Wind Turbine Drivetrain. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050987.

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