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Journal articles on the topic 'Wing web structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Wang, Yu, Lei Liu, Yu Xing, and Zhenbo Yang. "Investigation of wing structure layout of aerospace plane based on the finite element method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (2017): 168781401771370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017713701.

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The aerospace plane is an innovative kind of reusable aircraft, which is able to reach the low earth orbit flying like the conventional plane. Two kinds of aerospace plane wing structures are designed and parameterized for the delta wing with a strake, one of which is an equal percentage multi-web structure, and the other is a parallel multi-web structure. The two types of structure layouts were analyzed in the subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic conditions using the finite element method. Contrasting the strength and stiffness characteristics, and estimating the structure weight,

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2

Makanya, Andrew N., and Jacopo P. Mortola. "The structural design of the bat wing web and its possible role in gas exchange." Journal of Anatomy 211, no. 6 (2007): 687–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13532451.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The structure of the skin in the epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) wing and body trunk was studied with a view to understanding possible adaptations for gas metabolism and thermoregulation. In addition, gas exchange measurements were performed using a respirometer designed for the purpose. The body skin had an epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles and sweat glands and a fat-laden hypodermis. In contrast, the wing web skin was made up of a thin bilayered epidermis separated by a connective tissue core with collagen and elastic fibr

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3

Makanya, Andrew N., and Jacopo P. Mortola. "The structural design of the bat wing web and its possible role in gas exchange." Journal of Anatomy 211, no. 6 (2007): 687–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13532451.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The structure of the skin in the epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) wing and body trunk was studied with a view to understanding possible adaptations for gas metabolism and thermoregulation. In addition, gas exchange measurements were performed using a respirometer designed for the purpose. The body skin had an epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles and sweat glands and a fat-laden hypodermis. In contrast, the wing web skin was made up of a thin bilayered epidermis separated by a connective tissue core with collagen and elastic fibr

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4

Newman, D. J. S., and R. J. Wootton. "An Approach to the Mechanics of Pleating in Dragonfly Wings." Journal of Experimental Biology 125, no. 1 (1986): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125.1.361.

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A structural engineering approach to the pleated wings of Odonata has been developed during a functional study of wing morphology in the group. The wing can be regarded as a folded plate structure within which each pleat-side acts as a deep plate-girder. Small cross-veins act as stiffeners within the girders, allowing the membrane to carry web shearing forces as pure tension, through a stressed-skin effect. Bending experiments confirm that the membrane significantly increases the rigidity of wing components. The properties of the membrane are unknown. It lacks birefringence, is very thin, and

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Lendon, Jon E. "BATTLE DESCRIPTION IN THE ANCIENT HISTORIANS, PART I: STRUCTURE, ARRAY, AND FIGHTING." Greece and Rome 64, no. 1 (2017): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383516000231.

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When Endymion, king of the Moon, devised war upon Phaethon, king of the Sun, he decreed that a race of spiders as big as the Cyclades should weave a web between Venus and his lunar dominion, to serve as the battlefield for their regal rumble. And in that region of the heavens he arrayed his army: the king himself led his elite Hippo-vultures in the clouds on the right wing, 80,000 strong; his other cavalry, mounted on giant birds with wings like lettuce leaves, held the left. The Moon's stalwart infantry held the centre, posted on the spider web: Millet-launchers and Garlic-fighters, and his l

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Kong, Chang Duk, Hyun Bum Park, Jae Huy Yoon, and Kuk Jin Kang. "Conceptual Design on Carbon-Epoxy Composite Wing of a Small Scale WIG Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.353.

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Conceptual structural design of the main wing for the 20 seats WIG(Wing in Ground Effect)flight vehicle, which will be a high speed maritime transportation system for the next generation in Rep. of Korea, was performed[1,2]. The high stiffness and strength Carbon-Epoxy material was used for the major structure and the skin-spar with a foam sandwich structural type was adopted for improvement of lightness and structural stability. As a design procedure for this study, firstly the design load was estimated through the critical flight load case study, and then flanges of the front and the rear sp

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Dvorak, Milan, Miroslav Kabrt, and Milan Růžička. "The Use of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors during the Static Load Test of a Composite Wing Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.102.

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The article describes process of implementation of optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors into the composite wing structure and their behavior during the strength test. The wing is of all-composite construction. The upper and lower skins are made of glass/epoxy composite. The spar caps are made of carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite. Optical fibers were integrated directly into the spar caps and into the adhesive joints. They were oriented in parallel with the main spar axis. The first optical fiber with chain of multiple FBG sensors was integrated into the structure of upper spar cap. An

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8

Кушнір, Д. І., та Д. І. Конотоп. "АВТОМАТИЗОВАНЕ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ЛОНЖЕРОНУ КРИЛА БЕЗПІЛОТНОГО ПОВІТРЯНОГО СУДНА". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 98 (15 квітня 2024): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2023.98.02.

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One of the most crucial objective in designing aircraft structures is to ensure their strength while meeting the requirement for minimal weight. In operation, the structure must withstand loads without failure, as well as be designed with the lowest possible weight and, in most cases, volume.The determined geometric model of the structure based on the minimum weight criteria, reduces the overall weight of the aircraft which leads to: reducing the power requirements of the engine, and thus the cost of the aircraft; decreasing fuel consumption, making the aircraft cheaper in operation.The weight

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Kachel, Stanisław. "The Parametric Optimization of Structure Mass of Swept Wing in Compliance to Stiffness and Strength Boundary Conditions." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.692.

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The paper presents the method suitable for optimization of parameters and applied to design aircraft subassemblies on the example of a swept wing. It outlines the assumptions that are necessary to develop a mathematical model and describes constraints that served as the basis to develop an algorithm and describe the corresponding procedures in the GRIP (Graphics Interactive Programming) language that is a part of the CAD/CAM/CAE Unigraphics system. The further part of the study comprises discussion how the wing parameters and the mass functional are affected by rigidity constraints and strengt

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Cann, Tristan J. B., Iain S. Weaver, and Hywel T. P. Williams. "Ideological biases in social sharing of online information about climate change." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250656.

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Exposure to media content is an important component of opinion formation around climate change. Online social media such as Twitter, the focus of this study, provide an avenue to study public engagement and digital media dissemination related to climate change. Sharing a link to an online article is an indicator of media engagement. Aggregated link-sharing forms a network structure which maps collective media engagement by the user population. Here we construct bipartite networks linking Twitter users to the web pages they shared, using a dataset of approximately 5.3 million English-language t

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11

Thomas, G. H., D. C. Zarnescu, A. E. Juedes, et al. "Drosophila betaHeavy-spectrin is essential for development and contributes to specific cell fates in the eye." Development 125, no. 11 (1998): 2125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.11.2125.

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The spectrin membrane skeleton is a ubiquitous cytoskeletal structure with several cellular roles, including the maintenance of cell integrity, determination of cell shape and as a contributor to cell polarity. We have isolated mutations in the gene encoding βHeavy-spectrin in Drosophila, and have named this essential locus karst. karst mutant individuals have a pleiotropic phenotype characterized by extensive larval lethality and, in adult escapers, rough eyes, bent wings, tracheal defects and infertility. Within karst mutant eyes, a significant number of ommatidia specifically lack photorece

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Chandrasekaran, Aishwarya, Guofan Shao, Songlin Fei, Zachary Miller, and Joseph Hupy. "Automated Inventory of Broadleaf Tree Plantations with UAS Imagery." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (2022): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081931.

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With the increased availability of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) imagery, digitalized forest inventory has gained prominence in recent years. This paper presents a methodology for automated measurement of tree height and crown area in two broadleaf tree plantations of different species and ages using two different UAS platforms. Using structure from motion (SfM), we generated canopy height models (CHMs) for each broadleaf plantation in Indiana, USA. From the CHMs, we calculated individual tree parameters automatically through an open-source web tool developed using the Shiny R package and asse

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Chai, Hongmei, Xiaojun Luo, Peixin Li, et al. "Design and analysis of hundred-meter wind turbine blade trailing edge based on finite element method (FEM)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2854, no. 1 (2024): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2854/1/012110.

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Abstract The trailing edge region of composite wind turbine blades usually has a large deformation under wind load and the accidents caused by the damage of blade trailing edge accounts for a large proportion among blade accidents. With the development of large blade size, higher requirements are put forward for the stability of wind turbine blade trailing edge. Therefore, the trailing edge region is critical in the design of blade. A detailed study of the design and analysis for wind turbine blade trailing edge region was carried out in which the structure stability was regarded as the key. T

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Thome, Karim Marini, and Vitoria A. Leal Paiva. "Sparkling Wine International Market Structure and Competitiveness." Wine Economics and Policy 9, no. 2 (2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/web-8433.

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This paper aims to analyse the Sparkling Wine international market structure and competitiveness, focusing on the 2004–2018 period. It used the data regarding exports and imports of sparkling wine available in the International Trade Centre’s Trade Map database. The method used to examine sparkling wine’s international market structure and competitiveness consisted of calculation of: (i) Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA); (ii) Relative Position in the Market (RPM); (iii) Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI); and (iv) Net Export Index (NEI). The paper analyses the growth of the sparkling wine tr

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15

Prajapati, Hiren, Prachi Patel, and M. Y. Patil. "Estimation of Stress Concentration Factor for a plate with hole under Axial Tension Loading." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 2 (2023): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-15.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hole/holes on stress concentrations in a plate using a current industry standard software - Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Plate with hole/holes is a common engineering application such as in automobile, marine, aerospace and mechanical structures. Hole/Holes can be seen in many thin-walled mechanical and automobile structures and components. For example, hole/holes are found in residential/commercial buildings’ steel structural studs to allow plumbing installation, web or flange of steel box girders in bridges is furnished with holes

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16

Dai, Shuhao, Hongli Ji, Chongcong Tao, Chao Zhang, and Jinhao Qiu. "Design and thermal protection performance analysis of insulated wing storage box for hypersonic variable-sweep aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2764, no. 1 (2024): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2764/1/012043.

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Abstract Utilizing variable-sweep wing technology can further enhance the flight performance of hypersonic aircraft in a wide range of high-altitude, high-speed environments. Existing research on hypersonic variable-sweep flying wings has mainly focused on aerodynamic shape design, with limited research on the internal thermal protection of the aircraft. This study firstly investigates the performance improvement of a hypersonic flying wing using variable-sweep technology through CFD simulations. Secondly, to address the high-temperature issues induced by variable-sweep wings, an insulated win

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17

Liu, Zengwu, Min Yao, Qiuya Wang, and Yunhao Ren. "Research on the Vertical Temperature Gradient Model of Long-Span Concrete Box Arch Without Flange Plate Based on Measured Data." Coatings 15, no. 3 (2025): 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030288.

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In view of the fact that the specification does not specify the calculation model for the temperature gradient of the concrete box-shaped arch rib without wing plates, and there is also a lack of relevant research on the temperature model of this type of arch rib, this paper carries out research on the impact of sunshine temperature on a section of concrete box arch rib without a flange plate based on the 355 m Shuiluohe Bridge. Firstly, a temperature experiment of the arch rib without flange plates was conducted. According to the experimental data, the temperature distribution and changing ru

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18

Schwarz, Carl Michael, Sebastian Ehrich, and Joachim Peinke. "Wind turbine load dynamics in the context of turbulence intermittency." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 4 (2019): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-581-2019.

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Abstract. The importance of a high-order statistical feature of wind, which is neglected in common wind models, is investigated: non-Gaussian distributed wind velocity increments related to the intermittency of turbulence and their impact on wind turbine dynamics and fatigue loads are the focus. Gaussian and non-Gaussian synthetic wind fields obtained from a continuous-time random walk model are compared and fed to a common aero-servo-elastic model of a wind turbine employing blade element momentum (BEM) aerodynamics. It is discussed why and how the effect of the non-Gaussian increment statist

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Wang, Bin, Ying Li, Shan Gao, et al. "Stability Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Based on Different Structural Models." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (2023): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061106.

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In order to better simulate the actual working conditions of wind turbines more realistically, this paper adopts the two-way fluid–structure coupling method to study the NREL 5 MW wind turbine, considering the blade coupling deformation and equivalent stress and strain distribution of the blades with different internal structures under different working conditions. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress and strain distribution of the beam–structure wind turbine blade was near the leading edge of the blade. The maximum equivalent stress and strain distribution of the shell structur

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20

Kitahara, Masaru, and Takeshi Ishihara. "Seismic soil–structure interaction analysis of wind turbine support structures using augmented complex mode superposition response spectrum method." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 3 (2022): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1007-2022.

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Abstract. In this study, the seismic soil–structure interaction (SSI) of wind turbine support structures is investigated based on the complex mode superposition approach. For accurate and efficient estimation of seismic loadings on wind turbine support structures, an augmented complex mode superposition response spectrum method (RSM) is developed, where the maximum shear force and bending moment of the non-classically damped system are analytically derived. An empirical formula of the modal damping ratios with a threshold value for the allowable damping ratio is also proposed to improve the pr

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Ehteshami, Aref, and Mostafa Varmazyar. "Wake characteristics of a balloon wind turbine and aerodynamic analysis of its balloon using a large eddy simulation and actuator disk model." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 12 (2023): 1771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1771-2023.

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Abstract. In the realm of novel technologies for generating electricity from renewable resources, an emerging category of wind energy converters called airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) has gained prominence. These pioneering systems employ tethered wings or aircraft that operate at higher atmospheric layers, enabling them to harness wind speeds surpassing conventional wind turbines' capabilities. The balloon wind turbine is one type of AWESs that utilizes the buoyancy effect to elevate the turbine to altitudes typically ranging from 400 to 1000 m. In this paper, the wake characteristics an

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Avila Correia Martins, Flavio, Alexander van Zuijlen, and Carlos Simão Ferreira. "Proof of concept for multirotor systems with vortex-generating modes for regenerative wind energy: a study based on numerical simulations and experimental data." Wind Energy Science 10, no. 1 (2025): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-41-2025.

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Abstract. This study investigates the potential of regenerative wind farming using multirotor systems equipped with paired multirotor-sized wings, termed atmospheric boundary layer control (ABL-control) devices, positioned in the near-wake region of the multirotor. These ABL-control devices generate vortical flow structures that enhance vertical momentum flux from the flow above the wind farm into the wind farm flow, thereby accelerating the wake recovery process. This work presents numerical assessments of a single multirotor system equipped with various ABL-control configurations. The wind f

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Amirafshari, Peyman, Feargal Brennan, and Athanasios Kolios. "A fracture mechanics framework for optimising design and inspection of offshore wind turbine support structures against fatigue failure." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 3 (2021): 677–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-677-2021.

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Abstract. Offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures need to be designed against fatigue failure under cyclic aerodynamic and wave loading. The fatigue failure can be accelerated in a corrosive sea environment. Traditionally, a stress–life approach called the S–N (stress–number of cycles) curve method has been used for the design of structures against fatigue failure. There are a number of limitations in the S–N approach related to welded structures which can be addressed by the fracture mechanics approach. In this paper the limitations of the S–N approach related to OWT support structure

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24

Li, Zhong Yuan, Bin Duan, and Wei Yang. "Implementation and Application of Mapping between IEC61400-25 of Wind Farm and Web Services." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4336.

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Along with the development of domestic wind power and the maturement of technology, equipment in the wind farm and monitoring system provided by multiple vendors will not be compatible with each other and it is not easy to make unified maintenance and management on wind power plant. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has drafted the IEC61400-25 series standard which faces communication for monitoring and control wind power plant for the problems above. In the demand of market competition and expansion of wind farm, IEC61400 will finally become a trend that monitoring system of

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25

Orduña-Malea, Enrique, Cristina I. Font-Julian, José Antonio Ontalba-Ruipérez, and Raúl Compés-López. "Masters of Wine on Twitter: presence, activity, impact and community structure." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-9055.

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Globalisation, the Internet and social media have changed the kind of actors with influence in the wine industry and the way these actors create signals to communicate credible information about experience and trust attributes. Among the most prestigious experts in the world of wine are the Masters of Wine (MW). Although initially devoted to international trade, they have spread their activities and their opinion is more and more appreciated by producers and consumers. The main objective of this article is to determine this community of experts’ behaviour on Twitter. In order to do so, four fa

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Sharma, Tushar, Santanu Choudhury, V. Murari, and KK Shukla. "The effect of shear web on the dynamic response of a wind turbine blade subjected to actual dynamic load." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 8 (2021): 1868–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211015264.

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The advent of wind turbines has enabled mankind to utilize renewable energy sources for the development of power. The blade being the most crucial part and the design of the same remains a challenge since it is subjected to dynamic loads due to the rotation of the blade along with unsteady wind velocity. The prediction of the dynamic wind loads acting on the blade is a difficult task and thus this has been analyzed in the present work. Two different approaches have been proposed to predict accurately the variation of the wind loads acting on the rotor using the unsteady blade element momentum

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Sharma, Aastik, Lei Zhang, Jianjun Qu, Sagar Panthi, and Janak Kumar Tharu. "Blade Structure Analysis of 2 MW V-Shaped Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Numerical Simulation." Kathford Journal of Engineering and Management 3, no. 1 (2023): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjem.v3i1.62889.

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The intensive research on large-scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) couldprovide an alternative to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) in offshore deployment for the future. Regarding this fact, this article develops a conceptual design of the VAWT blade structure and analyzes its feasibility using numerical simulation. The blade structure is designed for 2 MW Darrieus type V- shaped VAWT. The blade is tapered, 90m long, and inclined at 35° to the vertical axis. Initially, the blade design is tested for ultimate strength test according to IEC 61400-01 standard using aluminum alloy and homo

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28

Nardi, Bonnie A., and Yrjö ENgeström. "A Web on the Wind: The Structure of Invisible Work." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 8, no. 1-2 (1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008694621289.

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Oehler, Johannes, and Roland Schmehl. "Aerodynamic characterization of a soft kite by in situ flow measurement." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-1-2019.

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Abstract. Wind tunnel testing of large deformable soft kites for wind energy conversion is expensive and in many cases practically not feasible. Computational simulation of the coupled fluid–structure interaction problem is scientifically challenging and of limited practical use for aerodynamic characterization. In this paper we present a novel experimental method for aerodynamic characterization of flexible membrane kites by in situ measurement of the relative flow, while performing complex flight maneuvers. We find that the measured aerodynamic coefficients agree well with the values that ar

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30

Bitsch, Linda, Barbara Richter, and Jon H. Hanf. "The competitive landscape in transitioning countries: the example of the Armenian wine industry." Wine Economics and Policy 11, no. 1 (2022): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-10657.

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Scholars showed that in transition and developing countries originating from the Soviet period, the degree of market competition is rather low, as large corporates that had been operating were still prevailing. One can assume that the markets had been highly attractive and many newcomers must have been interested in entering the market, due to fewer market participants, i.e. processors and retailers, but numerous farmers are engaged in the commodity production. This had provoked relatively high profitability for downstream firms acting on the local market and likely increased the market compet

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Wang, Shijin, Genhui Wang, and Zichen Zhang. "Static Characteristics of Improved Composite Box Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3205521.

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In order to accurately calculate the cross-sectional stresses and deflections of the improved composite box girder with corrugated steel webs, the control differential equations and boundary conditions are established based on the energy variational principle, taking into account the effects of corrugated steel web properties, shear lag, and shear deformation. A cantilever composite box girder is used as a numerical example. The influence of width span ratio and corrugated steel web bending angle on the shear lag and fold effect is analyzed. The results show that the analytical solution is in

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Alonso, Gustavo, Isabel Pérez-Grande, and José Meseguer. "Galloping instabilities of Z-shaped shading louvers." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 9 (2014): 1198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x14557337.

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Modern design of civil constructions such as office blocks, airport terminal buildings, factories, etc. incorporates more and more environmental considerations that lead to, amongst other elements, the use of glazed façades with shading devices to optimize energy consumption. These shading devices, normally slats or louvers, are very flexible structures exposed to the action of wind, and therefore aeroelastic effects such as galloping must be taken into account in their design. A typical cross-section for such elements is a Z-shaped profile made out of a central web and two side wings. The res

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Ali, Naseem, Nicholas Hamilton, Dominic DeLucia, and Raúl Bayoán Cal. "Assessing spacing impact on coherent features in a wind turbine array boundary layer." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 1 (2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-43-2018.

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Abstract. As wind farms become larger, the spacing between turbines becomes a significant design consideration that can impose serious economic constraints. To investigate the turbulent flow structures in a 4 × 3 Cartesian wind turbine array boundary layer (WTABL), a wind tunnel experiment was carried out parameterizing the streamwise and spanwise wind turbine spacing. Four cases are chosen spacing turbines by 6 or 3D in the streamwise direction, and 3 or 1.5D in the spanwise direction, where D = 12 cm is the rotor diameter. Data are obtained experimentally using stereo particle image velocime

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Shkara, Yasir, Martin Cardaun, Ralf Schelenz, and Georg Jacobs. "Aeroelastic response of a multi-megawatt upwind horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) based on fluid–structure interaction simulation." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-141-2020.

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Abstract. With the increasing demand for greener, sustainable, and economical energy sources, wind energy has proven to be a potential sustainable source of energy. The trend development of wind turbines tends to increase rotor diameter and tower height to capture more energy. The bigger, lighter, and more flexible structure is more sensitive to smaller excitations. To make sure that the dynamic behavior of the wind turbine structure will not influence the stability of the system and to further optimize the structure, a fully detailed analysis of the entire wind turbine structure is crucial. S

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Lee, Myoung Keon, Chang Min Cho, and Se Yong Jang. "HALE UAV Composite Wing Structure Design." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.105.

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HALE (High Altitude Long Endurance) UAVs are aircraft systems for surveillance and reconnaissance for over 25 hours. Most of UAVs consist of fuselage and high aspect ratio wing because of long-endurance flight mission. The structural weight of HALE UAV is one of the most critical design requirements. In addition, the structural stiffness for the high aspect ratio wing is another critical design requirement because the UAV has to keep the minimum clearance between wing tip and ground when the UAV is being towed. For above design requirements, the wing structure of the UAV has been designed by i

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Najafi, Nadia, and Allan Vesth. "Establishing a robust testing approach for displacement measurement on a rotating horizontal-axis wind turbine." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 1 (2018): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-301-2018.

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Abstract. Health monitoring by conventional sensors like accelerometers or strain gauges becomes challenging for large rotating structures due to the issues with feasibility, sensing and data transmission. In addition, acceleration measurements have low capability of presenting very small frequencies, which happen very often for large structures (for instance, frequencies between 0.2 and 0.5 Hz in horizontal-axis wind turbines). By contrast, displacement measurement using stereo vision is rapid, non-contacting and distributed over the structure. The sensors are cheaper and more easily applied

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Syed, Abdul Haseeb, Jakob Mann, Andreas Platis, and Jens Bange. "Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-125-2023.

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Abstract. The flow inside and around large offshore wind farms can range from smaller structures associated with the mechanical turbulence generated by wind turbines to larger structures indicative of the mesoscale flow. In this study, we explore the variation in turbulence structures and dominant scales of vertical entrainment above large offshore wind farms located in the North Sea, using data obtained from a research aircraft. The aircraft was flown upstream, downstream, and above wind farm clusters. Under neutrally stratified conditions, there is high ambient turbulence in the atmosphere a

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Hermann, Thomas M., Dharmaraj Mamarthupatti, and James E. Locke. "Postbuckling Analysis of a Wind Turbine Blade Substructure." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 4 (2005): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2037093.

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Postbuckling analysis of composite laminates representative of wind turbine blade substructures, utilizing the commercial finite element software ANSYS, is presented in this paper. The procedure was validated against an existing postbuckling analysis. Three shell element formulations, SHELL91, SHELL99, and SHELL181, were examined. It was found that the SHELL181 element with reduced integration should be used to avoid shear locking. The validated procedure was used to examine the variation of the buckling behavior, including postbuckling, with lamination schedule of a laminate representative of

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Lynch, B. J., N. M. Viall, A. K. Higginson, L. Zhao, S. T. Lepri, and X. Sun. "The S-Web Origin of Composition Enhancement in the Slow-to-moderate Speed Solar Wind." Astrophysical Journal 949, no. 1 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc38c.

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Abstract Connecting the solar wind observed throughout the heliosphere to its origins in the solar corona is one of the central aims of heliophysics. The variability in the magnetic field, bulk plasma, and heavy ion composition properties of the slow wind are thought to result from magnetic reconnection processes in the solar corona. We identify regions of enhanced variability and composition in the solar wind from 2003 April 15 to May 13 (Carrington Rotation 2002), observed by the Wind and Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, and demonstrate their relationship to the separatrix–web (here

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Moreno, Daniela, Jan Friedrich, Matthias Wächter, Jörg Schwarte, and Joachim Peinke. "Periods of constant wind speed: how long do they last in the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer?" Wind Energy Science 10, no. 2 (2025): 347–60. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-347-2025.

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Abstract. We perform a statistical analysis of the occurrence of periods of constant wind speed in atmospheric turbulence. We hypothesize that such periods of constant wind speed are related to characteristic wind field structures that, when interacting with a wind turbine, may induce particular dynamical responses. Therefore, this study focuses on characterizing the constant wind speed periods in terms of their lengths and probability of occurrence. Atmospheric offshore wind data are analyzed. Our findings reveal that long constant wind speed periods are an intrinsic feature of the marine atm

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Ferto, Imre, and Stefan Bojnec. "Subsidies and the income inequality in the Hungarian wine sector." Wine Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (2023): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-14091.

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The paper investigates the impact of different sources of income on wine farm total income inequality in Hungary using Farm Accountancy Data Network data for the period 2013-2019. The decomposition of the Gini coefficient is applied to focus on the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) shift from market to government budgetary support on wine farm total income inequality. Off-farm income has a rather stable impact on wine farm total income inequality. CAP Pillar 1 subsidies have remained more important than CAP Pillar 2 subsidies, both in the structure of wine farm total income and in

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Leimeister, Mareike, Maurizio Collu, and Athanasios Kolios. "A fully integrated optimization framework for designing a complex geometry offshore wind turbine spar-type floating support structure." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 1 (2022): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-259-2022.

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Abstract. Spar-type platforms for floating offshore wind turbines are considered suitable for commercial wind farm deployment. To reduce the hurdles of such floating systems becoming competitive, in situ aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations are applied to support conceptual design optimization by including transient and non-linear loads. For reasons of flexibility, the utilized optimization framework and problem are modularly structured so that the setup can be applied to both an initial conceptual design study for bringing innovative floater configurations to light and a subsequent optimizati

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Hauck, Katharina, Gergely Szolnoki, and Evelyn Pabst. "Motivation factors for organic wines. An analysis from the perspective of German producers and retailers." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 2 (2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-9893.

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This study investigates the motives for producers that inform decisions to convert or not convert to organic wine production as well as the motives for retailers to offer or not offer organic wine and promotion of organic wine from producers’ and retailers’ perspectives. In total, 100 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 different types of retailers, 50 organic wineries and 25 non-organic wineries were conducted and analysed using content analysis and grounded theory. Additionally, the wine offers of 25 stores were analysed to develop an understanding of the distribution and promotion o

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Ebbehøj, Kristian Ladefoged, Philippe Jacques Couturier, Lars Morten Sørensen, and Jon Juel Thomsen. "Experimental validation of a short-term damping estimation method for wind turbines in nonstationary operating conditions." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 4 (2024): 1005–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1005-2024.

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Abstract. Modal properties and especially damping of operational wind turbines can vary over short time periods as a consequence of environmental and operational variability. This study seeks to experimentally test and validate a recently proposed method for short-term damping and natural frequency estimation of structures under the influence of varying environmental and operational conditions from measured vibration responses. The method is based on Gaussian process time-dependent auto-regressive moving average (GP-TARMA) modelling and is tested via two applications: a laboratory three-storey

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Müller, Sara, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, and David Robert Verelst. "Tropical cyclone low-level wind speed, shear, and veer: sensitivity to the boundary layer parametrization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 5 (2024): 1153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1153-2024.

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Abstract. Mesoscale modeling can be used to analyze key parameters for wind turbine load assessment in a large variety of tropical cyclones. However, the modeled wind structure of tropical cyclones is known to be sensitive to the boundary layer scheme. We analyze modeled wind speed, shear, and wind veer across a wind turbine rotor plane in the eyewall and outer cyclone. We further assess the sensitivity of wind speed, shear, and veer to the boundary layer parametrization. Three model realizations of Typhoon Megi are analyzed over the open ocean using three frequently used boundary layer scheme

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Taruffi, Federico, Simone Di Carlo, Sara Muggiasca, and Marco Belloli. "A large-scale wind turbine model installed on a floating structure: experimental validation of the numerical design." Wind Energy Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-71-2023.

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Abstract. In the field of floating wind energy, large-scale wind turbine models deployed in natural environments represent a key link between small-scale laboratory tests and full-scale prototypes. While implying smaller cost, design and installation effort than a full-scale prototype, large-scale models are technologically very similar to prototypes, can be tested in natural sea and wind conditions, and reduce by a consistent amount the dimensional scaling issues arising in small-scale experiments. In this framework the presented work report the aerodynamic and control system assessment of a

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Störtenbecker, Sven, Peter Dalhoff, Mukunda Tamang, and Rudolf Anselm. "Simplified support structure design for multi-rotor wind turbine systems." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 3 (2020): 1121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1121-2020.

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Abstract. In this study different multi-rotor wind turbine systems (MRSs) are designed in such a way that the space frame, forming the connection between rotor nacelle assemblies (RNAs) and the tower, is modeled as an ideal truss work. To dimension the tube diameters and wall thicknesses, a simplified load case is used with an adjusted safety factor for loads. This simplified approach allows for fast computations of a large variety of different support structure designs. By variation of rotor number, space frame topology, space frame depth and positioning of yaw bearings, it is possible to gai

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Stieng, Lars Einar S., and Michael Muskulus. "Reliability-based design optimization of offshore wind turbine support structures using analytical sensitivities and factorized uncertainty modeling." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-171-2020.

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Abstract. The need for cost-effective support structure designs for offshore wind turbines has led to continued interest in the development of design optimization methods. So far, almost no studies have considered the effect of uncertainty, and hence probabilistic constraints, on the support structure design optimization problem. In this work, we present a general methodology that implements recent developments in gradient-based design optimization, in particular the use of analytical gradients, within the context of reliability-based design optimization methods. Gradient-based optimization is

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Bergua, Roger, Will Wiley, Amy Robertson, et al. "OC6 project Phase IV: validation of numerical models for novel floating offshore wind support structures." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 4 (2024): 1025–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1025-2024.

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Abstract. This paper provides a summary of the work done within Phase IV of the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project, under International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme Task 30. This phase focused on validating the loading on and motion of a novel floating offshore wind system. Numerical models of a 3.6 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine atop the TetraSpar floating support structure were compared using measurement data from a 1:43-Froude-scale test performed in the University of Maine's Alfond Wind–Wave (W2) Ocean

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Mann, Jakob, and Abdul Haseeb Syed. "Simulating low-frequency wind fluctuations." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 6 (2024): 1381–91. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1381-2024.

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Large-scale flow structures are vital in influencing the dynamic response of floating wind turbines and wake meandering behind large offshore wind turbines. It is imperative that we develop an inflow wind turbulence model capable of replicating the large-scale and low-frequency wind fluctuations occurring in the marine atmosphere since the current turbulence models do not account well for this phenomenon. Here, we present a method to simulate low-frequency wind fluctuations. This method employs the two-dimensional (2D) spectral tensor for low-frequency, anisotropic win

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