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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wingss

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Academic literature on the topic 'Wingss'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wingss"

1

Frias, Daniel, and Juan Atria. "Chromosomal variation, macroevolution and possible parapatric speciation in Mepraia spinolai (Porter) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 21, no. 2 (June 1998): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571998000200002.

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Mepraia spinolai is an endemic species in Chile that lives in wild and domestic habitats. It is the only species of the Reduviidae family that shows alate polymorphism; females are always wingless, but males can be found with and without wings. The M. spinolai karyotype consists of 10 pairs of autosomes and a complex sex determination system. Males from the northernmost regions I and II (latitude 18°-26° South) are always winged (braquipterous) and are X1X2Y, with a large Y chromosome. From region III to the metropolitan region (latitude 26°-33° South), males may be either winged or wingless but appear to be polymorphic for a small neo-Y chromosome, which may have originated by fracture of the large holocentric Y chromosome found in populations from farther north. Experimental crosses suggest that the genes for wings are linked in the Y chromosome and also that there are two cytologically indistinguishable types of neo-Y chromosomes. One form (Y1) bears a gene or genes for wings while the other (Y2) lacks such genes. Males that are X1X2Y1, X1X2Y1Y1 and X1X2Y1Y2 are winged, while the absence of Y1 (X1X2Y2 and X1X2Y2Y2 ) results in a wingless male. These chromosomes and morphological changes are correlated with a shift of the southern population into more arid habitats of the interior in the metropolitan region and region III.

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Yang, Hongru, Xiangchu Yin, Xiaodan Lin, Chen Wang, Chungkun Shih, Weiwei Zhang, Dong Ren, and Taiping Gao. "Cretaceous winged stick insects clarify the early evolution of Phasmatodea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1909 (August 21, 2019): 20191085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1085.

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Wingless and shorter winged stick insects are very common today, but most known extinct stick insects had fully developed wings, leading to contentious affinities among the extinct winged and extant groups. We report herein three male winged stick insects, assigned to Pterophasmatidae fam. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Pterophasmatidae fam. nov. are regarded as transitional taxa from extinct winged to modern wingless and shorter winged stick insects based on their similar tegmina venation with extinct Susumanioidea and some body features the same as extant Phasmatodea. However, their symmetric phallic organs comprising two consistent phallomeres are different from those of all living groups. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the extinct winged taxa, including the new family, are the stem groups of modern stick and leaf insects, and all of them constitute the clade of Phasmatodea. New findings indicate winged and wingless stick insects' morphologies diversified significantly during or before the mid-Cretaceous.

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Lee, Chi-Feng. "The genus Lochmaea Weise, 1883 in Taiwan: results of taxonomic expeditions by citizen scientists (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)." ZooKeys 856 (June 17, 2019): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.30838.

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More than 520 specimens of the chrysomelid genus Lochmaea were available for study as the result of collecting efforts by citizen scientists. Taiwanese species of Lochmaea can be separated into two species groups based on presence or absence of hind wings. The Lochmaealesagei group (winged) contains L.lesagei Kimoto, 1996 and L.tsouisp. n. The L.smetanai group (wingless) contains L.smetanai Kimoto, 1996, L.chenisp. n., and L.jungchanisp. n. Members of the L.smetanai group inhabit alpine microhabitats and are the only wingless galerucines in Taiwan that occur in harsh environments, as is the case with most brachelytrous Chrysomelidae.

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Michel, Nicoletta Antognelli. "WINGLESS GRIFFINS AMONG PAPYRUS PLANTS FROM NEOPALATIAL KNOSSOS? A RECONSTRUCTION PROPOSAL OF THE SEAL IMPRESSION CMS II8, 321." Annual of the British School at Athens 115 (August 25, 2020): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245420000088.

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This paper offers a new interpretation of the motifs preserved on the fragmentary Late Minoan (LM) I seal impression from Knossos CMS II8, 321, proposing a reconstruction of the original scene as two couchant overlapping griffins without wings among papyrus plants. If correct, the combination of all these elements is quite exceptional, since this scene would provide a unique reflection in glyptic art of the famous Throne Room decoration of Knossos, with its imposing wingless griffins immersed in a lush landscape of papyrus-reeds. Although a well-known ivory plaque from Mycenae displays a similar composition with a single, ‘classical’, winged griffin, no seal image seems to show also the wingless beast and the overlapping pose of two couchant griffins. The present investigation explores several parallels not only for this rare, yet well-attested, compositional scheme in Aegean art, but also for the figure of the wingless griffin. Both will be found in the Pylian palace decorative programme, which offers further griffins without wings – even in glyptic art – a meaningful parallel, since the interconnections between the Palace of Nestor and the Palace of Minos provide some of the most intriguing material in the study of Aegean imagery.

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Medved, Victor, James H. Marden, Howard W. Fescemyer, Joshua P. Der, Jin Liu, Najmus Mahfooz, and Aleksandar Popadić. "Origin and diversification of wings: Insights from a neopteran insect." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 52 (December 14, 2015): 15946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509517112.

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Winged insects underwent an unparalleled evolutionary radiation, but mechanisms underlying the origin and diversification of wings in basal insects are sparsely known compared with more derived holometabolous insects. In the neopteran species Oncopeltus fasciatus, we manipulated wing specification genes and used RNA-seq to obtain both functional and genomic perspectives. Combined with previous studies, our results suggest the following key steps in wing origin and diversification. First, a set of dorsally derived outgrowths evolved along a number of body segments including the first thoracic segment (T1). Homeotic genes were subsequently co-opted to suppress growth of some dorsal flaps in the thorax and abdomen. In T1 this suppression was accomplished by Sex combs reduced, that when experimentally removed, results in an ectopic T1 flap similar to prothoracic winglets present in fossil hemipteroids and other early insects. Global gene-expression differences in ectopic T1 vs. T2/T3 wings suggest that the transition from flaps to wings required ventrally originating cells, homologous with those in ancestral arthropod gill flaps/epipods, to migrate dorsally and fuse with the dorsal flap tissue thereby bringing new functional gene networks; these presumably enabled the T2/T3 wing’s increased size and functionality. Third, “fused” wings became both the wing blade and surrounding regions of the dorsal thorax cuticle, providing tissue for subsequent modifications including wing folding and the fit of folded wings. Finally, Ultrabithorax was co-opted to uncouple the morphology of T2 and T3 wings and to act as a general modifier of hindwings, which in turn governed the subsequent diversification of lineage-specific wing forms.

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Nicholson, David B., Andrew J. Ross, and Peter J. Mayhew. "Fossil evidence for key innovations in the evolution of insect diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1793 (October 22, 2014): 20141823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1823.

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Explaining the taxonomic richness of the insects, comprising over half of all described species, is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Previously, several evolutionary novelties (key innovations) have been posited to contribute to that richness, including the insect bauplan , wings, wing folding and complete metamorphosis, but evidence over their relative importance and modes of action is sparse and equivocal. Here, a new dataset on the first and last occurrences of fossil hexapod (insects and close relatives) families is used to show that basal families of winged insects (Palaeoptera, e.g. dragonflies) show higher origination and extinction rates in the fossil record than basal wingless groups (Apterygota, e.g. silverfish). Origination and extinction rates were maintained at levels similar to Palaeoptera in the more derived Polyneoptera (e.g. cockroaches) and Paraneoptera (e.g. true bugs), but extinction rates subsequently reduced in the very rich group of insects with complete metamorphosis (Holometabola, e.g. beetles). Holometabola show evidence of a recent slow-down in their high net diversification rate, whereas other winged taxa continue to diversify at constant but low rates. These data suggest that wings and complete metamorphosis have had the most effect on family-level insect macroevolution, and point to specific mechanisms by which they have influenced insect diversity through time.

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LOPES, SONIA MARIA, EDIVAR HEEREN DE OLIVEIRA, and ANDRÉA KHOURI. "Reexamination of the five species of Blaberidae deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Zootaxa 2683, no. 1 (November 22, 2010): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2683.1.7.

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The family Blaberidae is diverse, including large wingless, brachypterous, or fully winged species. Wings of the fully winged species have many-branched veins and reach beyond the apex of the abdomen. Some species are smaller and green in color. These cockroaches are more than 40mm long; species have front femora with 1 to 3 spines on the ventroposterior margin and 1 at the tip; and lack arolia. The females of Blaberidae possess a brood sac, wherein the ootheca or loose eggs are retained until the eggs hatch (ovoviviparity). The phylogeny of roach families was explored by McKittrick (1964), Grandcolas (1994, 1996), Kambhampati (1996) and Klass (1997, 1998, 2001) (Grimaldi & Engel, 2004). We update knowledge of five species of Blaberidae from Brazil, based on a literature review and examination of the Blattaria collection in the Department of Entomology at the Museu Nacional of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ).

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Harbig, R. R., J. Sheridan, and M. C. Thompson. "Relationship between aerodynamic forces, flow structures and wing camber for rotating insect wing planforms." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 730 (July 30, 2013): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.335.

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AbstractWing deformation is observed during the flight of some insect species; however, the effect of these distorted wing shapes on the leading edge vortex (LEV) is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of one of these deformation parameters, (rigid) wing camber, on the flow structures and aerodynamic forces for insect-like wings, using a numerical model of an altered fruit fly wing revolving at a constant angular velocity. Both positive and negative camber was investigated at Reynolds numbers of 120 and 1500, along with the chordwise location of maximum camber. It was found that negatively cambered wings produce very similar LEV structures to non-cambered wings at both Reynolds numbers, but high positive camber resulted in the formation of multiple streamwise vortices at the higher Reynolds number, which disrupt the development of the main LEV. Despite this, positively cambered wings were found to produce higher lift to drag ratios than flat or negatively cambered wings. It was determined that a region of low pressure near the wing’s leading edge, combined with the curvature of the wing’s upper surface in this region, resulted in a vertical tilting of the net force vector for positively cambered wings, which explains how insects can benefit from wing camber.

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El-Keblawy, Ali A., Arvind Bhatt, and Sanjay Gairola. "Perianth colour affects germination behaviour in wind-pollinated Salsola rubescens in Arabian deserts." Botany 92, no. 1 (January 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0183.

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Salsola rubescens Franch. is a wind-pollinated halophytic shrub that produces fruits with red and yellow winged perianths. Germinability of seeds from both fruit types was determined under various light, temperature, and salinity treatments. Red seeds, with and without winged perianths, were heavier than yellow seeds. Germination percentage and germination rate index (speed) were significantly affected by the perianth colour, presence of wings, and temperature and light of incubation and most of their interactions. Germination percentage was greater for yellow-winged seeds than for red-winged seeds. Wing removal significantly enhanced the germination percentage and germination speed in the two types. The presence of wings enhanced germination at lower temperatures, but wing absence enhanced germination at higher temperatures. Wing removal enhanced germination to a greater degree in yellow than in red seeds. There was no light requirement during germination of red-winged seeds, but yellow-winged seeds germinated significantly more in light than in darkness. Red-winged and dewinged seeds were more tolerant to salinity than yellow seeds. Removal of wings significantly increased salinity tolerance for seeds of both wing colours. It is concluded that the showy perianth colours have an ecological role in wind-pollinated plants in regulating dormancy and germination behaviour in the heterogeneous unpredictable hyperarid deserts.

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Engels, Thomas, Henja-Niniane Wehmann, and Fritz-Olaf Lehmann. "Three-dimensional wing structure attenuates aerodynamic efficiency in flapping fly wings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 164 (March 2020): 20190804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0804.

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The aerial performance of flying insects ultimately depends on how flapping wings interact with the surrounding air. It has previously been suggested that the wing's three-dimensional camber and corrugation help to stiffen the wing against aerodynamic and inertial loading during flapping motion. Their contribution to aerodynamic force production, however, is under debate. Here, we investigated the potential benefit of three-dimensional wing shape in three different-sized species of flies using models of micro-computed tomography-scanned natural wings and models in which we removed either the wing's camber, corrugation, or both properties. Forces and aerodynamic power requirements during root flapping were derived from three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling. Our data show that three-dimensional camber has no benefit for lift production and attenuates Rankine–Froude flight efficiency by up to approximately 12% compared to a flat wing. Moreover, we did not find evidence for lift-enhancing trapped vortices in corrugation valleys at Reynolds numbers between 137 and 1623. We found, however, that in all tested insect species, aerodynamic pressure distribution during flapping is closely aligned to the wing's venation pattern. Altogether, our study strongly supports the assumption that the wing's three-dimensional structure provides mechanical support against external forces rather than improving lift or saving energetic costs associated with active wing flapping.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wingss"

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Liu, Si-Pei [Verfasser], Rolf G. [Gutachter] Beutel, Thomas [Gutachter] Hörnschemeyer, and Alexey [Gutachter] Solodovnikov. "Four wings, two wings, no wings : patterns of wing reduction in Holometabola (Insecta) / Si-Pei Liu ; Gutachter: Rolf G. Beutel, Thomas Hörnschemeyer, Alexey Solodovnikov." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179805135/34.

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Biswas, Anindita. "Unwrapping the wings of the television show The West Wing /." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2008. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/37493.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Communication, 2008.
Title from electronic thesis title page. Thesis advisor: Mary M. Dalton. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-108).

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Ng, Medard Hein Tsoeng. "Genetic and molecular analyses of nubbin, a gene involved in proximal-distal patterning of the Drosophila wing." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309862.

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Allen, Sheri L. "From the wings." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013367.

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Weisfeld, Matthias. "Biomimicry of the Manduca sexta Hawkmoth in Artificial Wings for use in a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554846397349269.

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Janiszewska, Jolanta M. "Three dimensional aerodynamics of a simple wing in oscillation including effects of vortex generators." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086190848.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 147 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Gerald Gregorek, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Graduate Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).

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Karlsson, Lotta. "Construction of inflected wings." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26095.

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Yun, Seunghyun. "Wings-2 for orchestra." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/178.

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Thesis (D.M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: School of Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Cory, Rick E. (Rick Efren). "Perching with fixed wings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43045.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-46).
Human pilots have the extraordinary ability to remotely maneuver small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) far outside the flight envelope of conventional autopilots. Given the tremendous thrust-to-weight ratio available on these small machines [1, 2], linear control approaches have recently produced impressive demonstrations that come close to matching this agility for a certain class of aerobatic maneuvers where the rotor or propeller forces dominate the dynamics of the aircraft [3, 4, 5]. However, as our flying machines scale down to smaller sizes (e.g. Micro Aerial Vehicles) operating at low Reynold's numbers, viscous forces dominate propeller thrust [6, 7, 8], causing classical control (and design) techniques to fail. These new technologies will require a different approach to control, where the control system will need to reason about the long term and time dependent effects of the unsteady fluid dynamics on the response of the vehicle. Perching is representative of a large class of control problems for aerobatics that requires and agile and robust control system with the capability of planning well into the future. Our experimental paradigm along with the simplicity of the problem structure has allowed us to study the problem at the most fundamental level. This thesis presents methods and results for identifying an aerodynamic model of a small glider at very high angles-of-attack using tools from supervised machine learning and system identification. Our model then serves as a benchmark platform for studying control of perching using an optimal control framework, namely reinforcement learning. Our results indicate that a compact parameterization of the control is sufficient to successfully execute the task in simulation.
by Rick E. Cory.
S.M.

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Wood, Alice. "Of wings and wheels." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2022.

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What are the biblical cherubim? In the Hebrew Bible, the physical appearance and cultic role of the cherubim are never explicitly elucidated. Largely, the authors assume their audience is familiar with the form and function of these heavenly beings. Yet the portrayal of the cherubim varies from text to text and, sometimes, we are given conflicting information. Previous studies of the cherubim have placed too great an emphasis on archaeological and etymological data. This thesis presents a new synthetic study which prioritises the evidence supplied by the biblical texts. Biblical exegesis, using literary and historical-critical methods, forms the large part of the investigation (chapter 2). The findings arising from the exegetical discussion provide the basis upon which comparison with etymological and archaeological data is made (chapters 3 and 4). It is argued that, with the exception of the book of Ezekiel, the biblical texts are quite consistent in their portrayal of the cherubim. Cherubim are intimately connected with the manifestation of Yahweh and have an apotropaic function in relation to sacred space. They are envisaged with one face and one set of wings. Ps 18:11 = 2 Sam 22:11 suggests that they are quadrupedal. The traditions in the final form of Ezekiel 1-11 mark a shift in the conception of the biblical cherubim. Physically, the cherubim are transmogrified and become enigmatic beasts with four faces and four wings. Their function also changes. Depicted elsewhere as menacing guardians, in Ezekiel they become agents of praise. The results suggest that traditions envisaging the cherubim as tutelary winged quadrupeds were supplanted by traditions that conceived of them as more enigmatic, obeisant beings. In the portrayal of the cherubim in Ezekiel and Chronicles, we can detect signs of a conceptual shift that prefigures the description of the cherubim in post-biblical texts, such as The Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice and the Enochic texts.

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Books on the topic "Wingss"

1

Tavella, Domingo A. An analysis of conical augmentor/delta wing integration. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987.

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Green, John A. Static aeroelastic analysis of a three-dimensional generic wing. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1990.

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Ken, Campbell. -'S wings, -'s wings. [London?: K. Campbell, 1999.

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Myers, Christopher. Wings. New York: Scholastic Press, 2000.

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Stratton-Porter, Gene. Wings. Princess Anne, MD: Yestermorrow, Inc., 1987.

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Leake, Diyan. Wings. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library, 2007.

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Danielle, Steel. Wings. London: BCA, 1994.

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Danielle, Steel. Wings. London: Transworld, 2009.

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Wings. London: Bantam Press, 1995.

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Collard, Sneed B. Wings. Watertown, Mass: Charlesbridge, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wingss"

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Filipovitch, Anthony, Samiul Hasan, Damien Rousseliere, Klodjan Seferaj, Sabine Campe, Damien Rousseliere, Harry Bauer, et al. "WINGS." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 1644–45. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_480.

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Vogel, Harold L. "Wings." In Travel Industry Economics, 47–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27475-1_2.

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Cope, David. "Mottled Wings." In On the Bridge, 84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4830-9_78.

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Alderman, Belle. "Rites of Passage: Adolescent Literature." In Give Them Wings, 290–307. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15154-7_18.

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Megson, T. H. G. "Wings." In Introduction to Aircraft Structural Analysis, 587–618. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-932-4.00022-1.

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"Wings." In Travel Industry Economics, 35–74. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139167130.003.

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"Wings." In Towards Democracy, 215–16. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645391-42.

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"Wings." In Small Unmanned Fixed-wing Aircraft Design, 31–44. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119406303.ch3.

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Wootton, Robin J. "Wings." In Encyclopedia of Insects, 1055–61. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374144-8.00277-0.

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"Wings." In The Girl with the Brown Crayon, 15–20. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk12sm9.7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wingss"

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Bou-Mosleh, Charbel, and Samir Patel. "CFD-Based Aerodynamic Analysis of Damaged Delta Wings." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38420.

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This paper addresses the aerodynamic response of damaged delta wings using steady-state Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Two types of delta wings are investigated: a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) wing and a F16 Block 40 Wing. These types of analyses are required to help predict wings’ remaining flight capability, after damage is inflicted (during battle). The damage is represented by a hole in the CFD model of both wings. Variations in the shape, size, location and orientation of holes are investigated. The lift and drag (at relatively low angles of attack) of the undamaged and damaged wings are predicted and compared. The obtained numerical results indicate that the location of the hole has a significant effect on the performance of the wing. Furthermore, straight-edged holes seem to have a larger impact on the wing’s aerodynamics as opposed to cylindrical-shaped holes. To make the shape of the hole as realistic as possible, petals emerging above the surface of the wing are introduced and their effect is also investigated. Results show a greater increase in drag compared to smooth cylindrical holes. Finally, and to better simulate the jet in cross flow mainly the strong-jet phenomenon, preliminary time-accurate high angles of attack simulation results will be presented.

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Mateti, Kiron, Zheqian Zhang, Srinivas A. Tadigadapa, and Christopher D. Rahn. "Thrust Modeling and Measurement for Clapping Wing Nano Air Vehicles Actuated by Piezoelectric T-Beams." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3664.

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Insects that use a Weis-Fogh clap and fling mechanism, where their wings clap together and fling apart, show an increase in thrust per unit muscle mass compared to conventional flapping insects. This has motivated the development of macroscale clapping winged ornithopters with four wings. Most clapping wing ornithopters use electric motors with gears and linkages that are inefficient at the sub-millimeter (meso)scale. Piezoelectric actuators are attractive for Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs) because they have high power density, high efficiency, and new fabrication processes have been developed at this scale. Recently developed piezoelectric T-beam actuators are monolithically fabricated from bulk PZT and function like unimorph actuators without the need to bond passive layers. These bending actuators drive a novel four-winged clapping NAV that produces thrust. This paper studies thrust force generation of a clapping wing NAV using a model-based approach. A three degree of freedom dynamic model of the clapping wing nano air vehicle is derived including unsteady aerodynamic forces and torques. The model is validated using experimental data from a NAV prototype.

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Noughabi, Amir Karimi, and Mehran Tadjfar. "Cross-Wind Influence on Low Aspect Ratio Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16523.

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The aerodynamics of the low aspect ratio (LAR) wings is of outmost importance in the performance of the fixed-wing micro air vehicles (MAVs). The flow around these wings is widely influenced by three dimensional (3D) phenomena: including wing-tip vortices, formation of laminar bubble, flow separation and reattachment, laminar to turbulent transition or any combination of these phenomena. All the recent studies consider the aerodynamic characteristics of the LAR wings under the effect of the direct wind. Here we focus on the numerical study of the influence of cross-wind on flow over the inverse Zimmerman wings with the aspect ratios (AR) between 1 and 2 at Reynolds numbers between 6×104 and 105. We have considered cross-wind’s angles from 0° to 40° and angle of attack from 0° to 12°. The results show that lift and drag coefficient generally decrease when the angle of the cross-wind is increased.

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Mojgani, Rambod, and Mehran Tadjfar. "Effects of Kinematics on Low Reynolds Number Wing." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16531.

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Insects’ aerodynamic performance has been an area of interest for years, for both biologists and engineers. Micro-air vehicles developments require more research in this area to determine best flight performance. Their flapping wings’ effectiveness in producing both lift and thrust has been enabled them to hover and fly forward. Recent studies have proved that with capabilities of CFD calculations, parametric investigation of the associated parameters is possible. The purpose of present investigation is to numerically study the effects and phenomena caused by different kinematics of flapping wing, so different flapping kinematics has been simulated and investigated to better understand fluid characteristics in such cases. Effect of wing’s vertical displacement as well as the effects of wing rotation (pitch angle) is studied. Dynamic mesh with laminar finite volume flow solver is used and the method is validated. Results show that how wing-vortex interaction and angle between flapping direction and wing inclination can control hovering (vertical) force.

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Roberts, Luke, Hugh A. Bruck, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Autonomous Loitering Control for a Flapping Wing Miniature Aerial Vehicle With Independent Wing Control." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34752.

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Flapping wing miniature aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) offer advantages over traditional fixed wing or quadrotor MAV platforms because they are more maneuverable than fixed wing aircraft and are more energy efficient than quadrotors, while being quieter than both. Currently, autonomy in FWMAVs has only been implemented in flapping vehicles without independent wing control, limiting their level of control. We have developed Robo Raven IV, a FWMAV platform with independently controllable wings and an actuated tail controlled by an onboard autopilot system. In this paper, we present the details of Robo Raven IV platform along with a control algorithm that uses a GPS, gyroscope, compass, and custom PID controller to autonomously loiter about a predefined point. We show through simulation that this system has the ability to loiter in a 50 meter radius around a predefined location through the manipulation of the wings and tail. A simulation of the algorithm using characterized GPS and tail response error via a PID controller is also developed. Flight testing of Robo Raven IV demonstrated the success of this platform, even in winds of up to 10 mph.

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Yamauchi, Kohei, Tomohiro Fukui, and Koji Morinishi. "Numerical Simulation of Influences of the Body’s Presence on Flow Around the Wings in Insect Flapping Flight." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5176.

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Abstract In this research, we numerically investigated the influences of the body’s presence on flow around the hovering fruit fly with regularized lattice Boltzmann method. In recent years, insect’s flapping flight system has been investigated because their superior flight mechanisms are expected to improve the flight abilities of micro air vehicles. Because of the simplification of experimental equipment and computational simulation, the insect model without body is often used to investigate the flow around the hovering flight insect. However, the gap between the wing and body can significantly change the flow around the wing root. Thus, we conducted investigations of the influences of the body’s presence on the vortical flow structure and cycle-averaged lift coefficient. As a result, the aerodynamic forces on the wings were enhanced by the body’s presence. The flow at the gap between wing and body enhanced the vortex strength and aerodynamic forces on the wing root region. Also, the cycle-averaged lift coefficient of the with body model was slightly higher than that of the without body model. If the wing’s flapping motion or the shape of the wing is changed, the effects of the body’s presence will cause different flow around the wing root. Therefore, it is necessary to take body’s presence into consideration.

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Reade, Joseph, and Mark A. Jankauski. "Deformable Blade Element and Unsteady Vortex Lattice Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of a 2D Flapping Wing." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22638.

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Abstract Flapping insect wings experience appreciable deformation due to aerodynamic and inertial forces. This deformation is believed to benefit the insect’s aerodynamic force production as well as energetic efficiency. However, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models used to estimate wing deformations are often computationally demanding and are therefore challenged by parametric studies. Here, we develop a simple FSI model of a flapping wing idealized as a two-dimensional pitching-plunging airfoil. Using the Lagrangian formulation, we derive the reduced-order structural framework governing wing’s elastic deformation. We consider two fluid models: quasi-steady Deformable Blade Element Theory (DBET) and Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM). DBET is computationally economical but does not provide insight into the flow structure surrounding the wing, whereas UVLM approximates flows but requires more time to solve. For simple flapping kinematics, DBET and UVLM produce similar estimates of the aerodynamic force normal to the surface of a rigid wing. More importantly, when the wing is permitted to deform, DBET and UVLM agree well in predicting wingtip deflection and aerodynamic normal force. The most notable difference between the model predictions is a roughly 20° phase difference in normal force. DBET estimates wing deformation and force production approximately 15 times faster than UVLM for the parameters considered, and both models solve in under a minute when considering 15 flapping periods. Moving forward, we will benchmark both low-order models with respect to high fidelity computational fluid dynamics coupled to finite element analysis, and assess the agreement between DBET and UVLM over a broader range of flapping kinematics.

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Jankauski, Mark A. "Passive Pitch Mechanics of Elastic Flapping Wings." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-8942.

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Many flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) utilize a flexible joint that allows the wing to passively rotate about the pitching axis. Generally, simple rigid body models are used to estimate the passive pitching dynamics. However, evidence suggests elastic wings increase aerodynamic force generation and expend less energy relative to rigid wings. As a result, elastic wings are becoming an integral part of FWMAV design. But, the effect of wing elasticity on passive pitching mechanics is unclear. To explore this, we develop a coupled model of an elastic wing attached to a flexible pitching joint. Aerodynamic moments are included through a simple blade element approach. The model is applied to an idealized insect forewing subject to prescribed roll rotation. The simulation results suggest (1) aerodynamic moments, not rigid body inertia or elastic forces, are primarily responsible for lift-generating passive pitch, (2) joint stiffness influences pitching mechanics more than wing elasticity does, and (3) flexible wings can increase net lift by as much as 20% if the pitching joint is mistuned. The framework developed in this paper can be used to design and optimize FWMAV systems in terms of both elastic wings and flexible passive pitch joints.

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Hiche, Cristobal, Clyde K. Coelho, Albert Moncada, Masoud Yekani Fard, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "Damage Characterization of Composite Wing Subjected to Impact Loading: An Experimental Study." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1420.

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Damage on woven composites is a phenomenon that is difficult to characterize due to complex weave geometry. A woven composite wing structure adds to the complexity of characterizing damage through Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. The present paper studies the FBG response and damage characterization of foam core and hollow composite wings. Plain and twill weave wings were manufactured and subjected to low energy (52.5J) and high energy (150J) impacts. Damage was assessed using FBG sensors, flash thermography, and visual inspection of the wings. Two FBG sensors were placed along the chord length and the spanwise direction at equal distances from the impact site to measure the axial strain as a function of time. The main failure modes of foam core wings were fiber breakage and foam crushing for high energy impacts, while core crushing and delamination between the core and the composite wing was found for low energy impacts. The hollow wings had a significant reduction in stiffness, resulting in a ripple effect where the wing would go into tension, then compression. This phenomenon varied depending on the location of the sensors on the wing. Although the impact zone was near the middle of the chord length of the wing, the resulting stress has caused large damage at the leading edge and significant debonding at the trailing edge of the hollow wing. An FE model was created to validate the experimental results and showed good correlation between the high stress areas in the model, the FBG response, and the damage sites on the wing.

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Patterson, Grant T., Brian A. Binkley, and Jerome C. Jenkins. "A-10 Wing Leading Edge Effects on Engine Stability: Part 1 — Analysis and Evaluation of Wing Leading Edge Configurations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-44155.

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The A-10 aircraft has fuselage mounted engines with inlets just above the rear of the wing. The A-10 employs a deployable slat system to delay wing stall directly in front of the engines. Wing stall can lead to high inlet distortion and ultimately engine stall for this aircraft. To enhance overall performance of the A-10 Close Air Support Aircraft, wing leading-edge designs that do not employ slats were considered. Fifteen potential wing leading-edge proposals including drooped wings, wings with fences, wings with vortex generators, an optimized slat and a specially designed wing were evaluated through test and analysis for replacing the A-10 slat system. The performance of the wing leading-edge candidates were characterized by their inlet engine distortion effect on the loss of stability pressure ratio (ΔPRS) on the TF-34 engine fan and compressor. The drooped wings or “droops” were designated by the amount of droop in a percent of chord. Droops tested were 3, 5, 7, 10, and 10-5% twisted (5% outboard, 10% inboard). The 7, 10, and 10-5% droops were tested with outboard fences. The 10% droop and designed wing were tested with vortex generators. The paper discusses the previous work and technical basis for selecting the wing leading edge candidates, the analysis tools and techniques, the test and analysis of the candidate configurations, the overall effectiveness of the best candidate.

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Reports on the topic "Wingss"

1

Khan, Zaeem A., and Sunil K. Agrawal. Wing Force & Moment Characterization of Flapping Wings for Micro Air Vehicle Application. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433708.

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Van Dommelen, L. Thrust-Induced Effects on a Pitching-Up Delta Wing Flow Field: Control of Stalled Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329654.

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Rade, Domingos A., and Francisco J. de Souza. Variable Camber Morphing Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1009258.

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Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J., Chane L. Fullmer, Ewerton Madruga, David Beyer, and Thane Frivold. Wireless Internet Gateways (WINGS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461596.

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Ude, Lauren Ashley, and Marian O'Rourke-Kaplan. Winged. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1005.

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Jensen, Harry. To Clip an Osprey's Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440796.

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Egge, William L. Logistics Implications of Composite Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275381.

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Russell, Horace, and Reginald G. Williams. Cross Flow Over Double Delta Wings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363041.

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Telionis, Demetri. Post Stall Control of Swept Wings,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299820.

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Dailey, Ashlee R., and Karen A. McCall. Summary Report: WINGS 2014 Interoperability Drill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242499.

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