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Academic literature on the topic 'Winkler'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Winkler"

1

Chandler, Thomas G. J., and Dominic Vella. "Validity of Winkler’s mattress model for thin elastomeric layers: beyond Poisson’s ratio." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2242 (October 2020): 20200551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0551.

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Winkler’s mattress model is often used as a simplified model to understand how a thin elastic layer, such as a coating, deforms when subject to a distributed normal load: the deformation of the layer is assumed proportional to the applied normal load. This simplicity means that the Winkler model has found a wide range of applications from soft matter to geophysics. However, in the limit of an incompressible elastic layer the model predicts infinite resistance to deformation, and hence breaks down. Since many of the thin layers used in applications are elastomeric, and hence close to incompressible, we consider the question of when the Winkler model is appropriate for such layers. We formally derive a model that interpolates between the Winkler and incompressible limits for thin elastic layers, and illustrate this model by detailed consideration of two example problems: the point-indentation of a coated elastomeric layer and self-sustained lift in soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication. We find that the applicability (or otherwise) of the Winkler model is not determined by the value of the Poisson ratio alone, but by a compressibility parameter that combines the Poisson ratio with a measure of the layer’s slenderness, which itself depends on the problem under consideration.

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Stair, Rose. "The Woman’s Voice in Zionism: Disentangling Paula Winkler from Martin Buber." Religions 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9120401.

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This article calls for a reassessment of the thought of Paula Winkler (1877–1958), paying renewed attention to her contributions to the cultural Zionist movement in her work on the domestic space as a site of Jewish cultural renewal. Criticizing the trend in modern Jewish scholarship of focusing on Winkler’s biography and her relationship with her husband Martin Buber at the expense of appreciating her innovations as a Zionist thinker, it proposes and demonstrates a close reading of her work as a corrective. Focusing on Winkler’s 1901 essays on Zionism and the Jewish woman, this article illustrates the important challenges Winkler leveled to Buber and the young Zionist intellectual community by awarding the Jewish woman and the private sphere an active and positive role in the Zionist transformation of Jewish life. It concludes that questions of Winkler’s identity are best approached through her own careful navigation of her liminal status in the Jewish and Zionist communities, and the way that she engages the perspective awarded to her as a woman and a non-Jew to formulate her arguments.

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Wuketits, F. M. "In memoriam Eike-Meinrad Winkler." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 53, no. 1 (March 20, 1995): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/53/1995/91.

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Li, Bo, Guihe Wang, Cangqin Jia, Jun Ren, Gaofeng Lu, and Nannan Liu. "A Modified Elastic Foundation Beam Method for Analyzing Lateral Wall Deformation in Excavations with Cross Wall." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8838489.

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Cross walls have been used as alternative auxiliary measures to protect buildings in some areas of Asia. Realizing the inadequacy of the classical Winkler foundation to predict the deflection of the diaphragm wall with cross wall, a modified Winkler foundation of the finite element method (MEFB) was formulated in this paper. Then, the MEFB method was verified through two excavation cases and applied in a new well-documented excavation history. Results showed that the wall deflection by the proposed method was line with the 3D numerical analysis and field observations but smaller than that of classical Winkler’s elastic foundation (EFB) method. The maximum deformation calculated by the MEFB method was predicted to have a reduction of 40∼60% compared to those of the EFB method. Meanwhile, the wall deformation was minimum at the location of cross walls and reaches the maximum value at the midline between two cross walls. Besides, the plane strain ratio PSR d based on the MEFB method was defined to study the interval L , the embedded depth, and arrangement of cross walls. The results indicated the MEFB method was used successfully as a more accurate method than Winkler foundation and is simpler than 3D numerical analysis method for the engineering design of the diaphragm-cross wall system during excavation.

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Tinaliah, Tinaliah, and Triana Elizabeth. "Perbandingan Hasil Deteksi Plagiarisme Dokumen dengan Metode Jaro-Winkler Distance dan Metode Latent Semantic Analysis." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.6.1.2018.7-12.

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Various methods are applied in the application of plagiarism detection to help check the similarity of a document. Jaro-Winkler Distance can measure the distance between two strings. However, this method basically depends on the position of the word. Latent Semantic Analysis emphasizes the words contained in the document regardless of its linguistic character. This study compares the results of plagiarism detection using the Jaro-Winkler Distance and the Latent Semantic Analysis method. From comparing results of Jaro-Winkler Distance method and Latent Semantic Analysis method, Jaro-Winkler Distance method is better than Latent Semantic Analysis method if using the same test data. Jaro-Winkler Distance method will give plagiarism result 100% and Latent Semantic Analysis method will give plagiarism result 97,14%.

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Rothenberg, Celia E. "American Metaphysical Judaism." Nova Religio 17, no. 2 (February 2013): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2013.17.2.24.

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American metaphysical Judaism draws on traditional Jewish practices and texts as well as the American metaphysical religious tradition. This article challenges the relegation of American metaphysical Judaism to the category “New Age Judaism” and opens the door to exploring this area of religious expression in its historical and current forms. Drawing on my fieldwork with, and the writings of, rabbi and shaman Gershon Winkler, I offer an ethnographic exploration of Winkler’s life and religious practice as an example of American metaphysical Judaism. Winkler reads Hebrew scriptures through his “shamanic” lens, looking for what he claims has been lost, overlooked or misinterpreted in traditional Jewish interpretations; focuses on healing through manipulation of energy and “flow;” and incorporates (his construction of) Native American religious practice and insight. I argue that metaphysical Judaism should be understood as a product of American values, metaphysical spirituality and Jewish history and thought.

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KAZANTSEV, SERGEY. "Protolycus gedaniensis gen. et sp. nov., the first Baltic amber representative of Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae: Lycinae)." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.5.

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The first amber lycid taxon, Pseudaplatopterus Kleine, 1940, was discovered in Baltic amber in the middle of the 20th century (Kleine, 1940, 1941); after almost five decades another three Baltic amber genera, Hiekeolycus Winkler, 1987, Kolibaceum Winkler, 1987 and Pietrzeniukia Winkler, 1987 (Winkler, 1987) were added to the list of fossil Lycidae. However, Hiekeolycus was soon demonstrated to be synonymous with the extant Palaearctic lycid genus Helcophorus Fairmaire, 1891 (Kazantsev, 1995, 1997, 2004), while Pietrzeniukia turned out to be synonymous with Kolibaceum, representatives of which were found among the extant net-winged beetles of eastern Asia (Kazantsev, 1997, 2012a).

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Rajani, B., and N. Morgenstern. "Comparison of predicted and observed responses of pipeline to differential frost heave." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-098.

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This paper describes the application of a simplified Winkler model to simulate the observed time-dependent responses of a pipeline at Caen, France, subjected to differential frost heave. The numerical Winkler model developed for a semi-infinite beam embedded in a creeping medium was used to evaluate the response of the Caen pipeline. Despite its simplicity, the Winkler model is able to predict the overall response of deflections and stresses which compares satisfactorily with observed data. In a previous study, the same Winkler analysis was applied to small-scale model steel pipelines embedded in polycrystalline ice, and satisfactory comparisons between the predicted and observed responses were obtained. Consequently, the analyses presented in this paper serve to reconfirm that the Winkler model can also be applied to analyze large-diameter pipelines subjected to differential frost heave. Key words : chilled pipelines, creeping foundation, frozen soils, frost heave.

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de Bruyn, Dirk. "Paul Winkler: Migrating from analogue to digital practice." Animation Practice, Process & Production 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ap3_00007_1.

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This article investigates the self-taught experimental animation practice of German-Australian moving image artist Paul Winkler. His practice embraces an array of image manipulation techniques, some of which he invented. This practice originated in 1964, spanning over 50 years, and has recently productively migrated from analogue to digital production. What happens to this practice when we move to digital production? Winkler’s trajectory offers a case study in the shifts and resilience of experimental animation practice through the lens of Vilém Flusser’s ‘technical image’. Flusser’s concept was developed in response to a pervasive digital culture but also reaches back into proto-cinema, maps and prehistoric cave painting.

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Xu, Min Yan, Jian Dong Sun, Shi Qi Cui, and Lei Shi. "Bending Solution of Plates on Winkler Foundation by Element-Free Galerkin Method Based on Mindlin Plate Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 3136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.3136.

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Element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is successfully applied to solve the bending problem of plates on a Winkler foundation. The shape function which is characteristic of high-time continuity is formulated by means of weight function. A way to incorpor- ate the self-adaptive influential radius in weight function is proposed. Based on variational principle, this paper derives control equation for the bending of plates on a Winkler foundation from Mindlin-Reissner plate theory. Using penalty function mothed, assembled stiffness matrix which is real symmetry positive definite matrix is deduced. This method can solve the bending problem of plates with different boundary conditions on a Winkler foundation. The corresponding computer programs of EFGM and post-process programs are also developed. Numerical examples show that EFGM solving the bending of plates on a Winkler found is reasonable and feasible. This present study provides a newly effective numerical method for the Winkler foundation bending problem and expands the application field of EFGM.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Winkler"

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Winkler, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Zelltherapie des Skelettmuskeltraumas / Tobias Winkler." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064113745/34.

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Hoffmann, Alana [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Winkler, and Jürgen [Gutachter] Winkler. "Distinct neuroinflammatory pattern in multiple system atrophy / Alana Hoffmann ; Gutachter: Jürgen Winkler ; Betreuer: Jürgen Winkler." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239898355/34.

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Winkler, Robert [Verfasser]. "Konzept eines aktiven Pulverinhalators / Robert Winkler." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043914501/34.

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Winkler, Olaf [Verfasser]. "Silizium-Nanodots für nichtflüchtige Speicherbauelemente / Olaf Winkler." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1186584793/34.

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Kaindl, Johanna [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Winkler, Jürgen [Gutachter] Winkler, and Dieter [Gutachter] Engelkamp. "Advances in human stem cell-based disease models of neurodegeneration / Johanna Kaindl ; Gutachter: Jürgen Winkler, Dieter Engelkamp ; Betreuer: Jürgen Winkler." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232496995/34.

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Winkler, Karsten [Verfasser]. "Symmetriereduktionen in experimentellen Untersuchungen von Stahlbetonbauteilen / Karsten Winkler." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1138178004/34.

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Winkler, Phillip Michael [Verfasser]. "Technologietransfer im Recht der UNESCO / Phillip Michael Winkler." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042422346/34.

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Winkler, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Ein automatisiertes Verfahren zur aerodynamischen Formentwicklung / Andreas Winkler." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018980768/34.

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Winkler, Thomas Torsten [Verfasser]. "Laser amplification in excited dielectrics / Thomas Torsten Winkler." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155438558/34.

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Morán, Figueroa Pablo. "Centro de investigación del bosque nativo Edmundo Winkler." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100434.

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A lo largo de Chile podemos encontrar una variedad de paisajes y climas que van de un extremo a otro, evocando un potencial característico de recursos naturales, propia de aquella abundante diversidad natural visible en los contrastes a lo largo de la franja continental. Recursos que se encuentran de diversas formas, aunque bien sabemos que este escenario es mayoritariamente comprendido a nivel de lo que significan tales elementos dentro del modelo socioeconómico adoptado no solo en Chile, sino en gran parte del mundo. Lo que partió por un interés personal en cómo sería posible vincular la arquitectura con el estado de los bosques nativos del país y su manejo sostenible, resultó en una investigación preliminar, que arroja algunas importantes claves para desarrollar en conjunto con las instituciones pertinentes. Se hizo clara la necesidad de contar con una infraestructura adecuada no solo para un programa de investigación sino además la posibilidad de acercar al público general a lo que realmente implica el conocimiento y conservación de los bosques naturales a lo largo del país, así como el estado del los recursos naturales como suelos o aguas que conforman parte de los ecosistemas silvestres. El sitio sugerido para tal proyecto se ubica en una reserva forestal que pertenece a la Universidad de Chile hace poco mas de 50 años, ubicada en Frutillar bajo junto a la costa del lago Llanquihue: La reserva forestal Edmundo Winkler. Actualmente la reserva se presta para la experimentación silvícola y prácticas estivales de los mismos alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Sin embargo, su presencia en la localidad es casi desconocida para el público general y tampoco cuenta con una infraestructura adecuada para los programas de investigación nacionales e internacionales que busca promover en este momento la Facultad de Ciencias forestales de la Universidad de Chile. La idea de tal desafío implica desarrollar una respuesta arquitectónica no solo compatible con las necesidades institucionales, sino además plantear un modelo capaz de reconocer las capacidades del entorno del bosque y conllevar una serie de aspectos que evoquen a la sostenibilidad de tal enclave. Por ende, el siguiente proyecto se enfoca en la compatibilidad de aspectos técnicos bioclimáticos en pos de una solución a la altura de un centro de experimentación de estándar internacional.

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Books on the topic "Winkler"

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Winkler, Susanne. Matheforscher: Geometrie / Susanne Winkler ; Volker Winkler. München: Oldenbourg, 2011.

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Marcella, Cattaneo, ed. Othmar Winkler. Milano: Skira, 2007.

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Winkler, Grzegorz. Grzegorz Winkler. Warszawa: QLCO, 2011.

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A, Höfler Günther, and Melzer Gerhard 1950-, eds. Josef Winkler. Graz: Literaturverlag Droschl, 1998.

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Winkler, Andrea. Andrea Winkler. Köln: Snoeck, 2017.

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Winkler, Monika. Monika Winkler, Schmuck. Halle an der Saale: Edition STEKOFOTO, 1994.

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Winkler, Woldemar. Woldemar Winkler: Monographie. Bochum: Museum Bochum, 1990.

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photographer, Winkler Albert 1923-1978, Giger, Bernhard, writer of added commentary, and Kornhausforum Bern, eds. Albert Winkler: Fotografien. Zürich: Limmat Verlag, 2011.

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Pflicht, Stephan. Gerhard-Winkler-Werkverzeichnis (GWWV). München-Lochham: R. Birnbach, 1990.

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Winkler, Woldemar. Woldemar Winkler: Ein Lebenswerk. Köln: Wienand, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Winkler"

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Jung, Ernst Gustav. "Max Winkler." In Pantheon of Dermatology, 1203–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33224-1_205.

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Schuhmann, Karl. "Robert Winkler." In Edmund Husserl: Briefwechsel, 2533–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0745-7_215.

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Pinwinkler, Alexander. "Wilhelm Winkler." In Statisticians of the Centuries, 369–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0179-0_79.

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Diller, Axel. "Winkler, Josef." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19643-1.

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Fischer, Cornelia. "Josef Winkler." In Kindler Kompakt Österreichische Literatur der Gegenwart, 146–47. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05518-7_18.

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Linck, Dirck. "Josef Winkler (*1953)." In Frauenliebe Männerliebe, 472–76. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03666-7_105.

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Diller, Axel. "Winkler, Eugen Gottlob." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19641-1.

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Jung, Ernst Gustav. "Max Winkler (1875–1952)." In Pantheon der Dermatologie, 1107–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34093-5_197.

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Billing, Gerhard. "Friedemann Winkler, Leipzigs Anfänge." In Neues Archiv für sächsische Geschichte, 366–67. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02964-5_64.

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von Hintzenstern, Michael. "Zeitzeuge der „Darmstädter Ferienkurse“." In Hans Winkler (1919−2000), 351–92. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412515461.351.

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Conference papers on the topic "Winkler"

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Konuk, Ibrahim, Shenkai Yu, and Abdelfettah Fredj. "Do Winkler Models Work: A Case Study for Ice Scour Problem." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92335.

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The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) Finite Element (FE) ice scour model and two Winkler models are applied to different diameter pipes. One of the Winkler models is based on an empirical scour displacement function. The second Winkler model utilizes the soil displacements obtained from the continuum ALE model. The results from the Winkler models show that the strains and displacements experienced by the pipe are subject to large variations depending on how the soil is characterized. The results also illustrate that there are significant differences in the displacements and strains predicted by the ALE and Winkler models. It is shown that the Winkler models can be sometimes conservative and sometimes they calculate strains and displacements less than those predicted by the continuum ALE model.

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Brzakala, Wlodzimierz. "WINKLER MODELLING OF A HYBRID RETAINING WALL." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b12/s2.136.

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Gács, Peter. "Compatible sequences and a slow Winkler percolation." In the thirty-third annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/380752.380874.

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Al-Azzawi, Adel A. "Numerical Analysis of Curved Thin Beams on Winkler Foundation." In Architectural Engineering Conference (AEI) 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41002(328)24.

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Durante, Maria Giovanna, Scott J. Brandenberg, Jonathan P. Stewart, and George Mylonakis. "Winkler Stiffness Intensity for Flexible Walls Retaining Inhomogeneous Soil." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481479.049.

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Mullapudi, T. Ravi S., and Ashraf Ayoub. "Soil Structure Interaction Through Two Parameter Foundation." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20055.

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Beams on foundations and piles resisting by surrounding soil are significantly complex due to the behavior of the surrounding semi-infinite soil media. Winkler’s model is the simplest element that account for the behavior of both the foundation and soil. The Winkler model is the one-parameter model which assumes the foundation reaction at a particular point is proportional to the soil displacement. Most of the existing elements assume the soil to be tensionless or even elastic. In reality, the soil cohesiveness plays an important role in the behavior of foundation elements. In this paper a new finite element formulation was developed in which the soil can be viewed as an inelastic element with a combination of cohesive behavior that transmits rotations due to bending, in addition to the well-known Winkler effect known as the two-parameter model. The non linear response of structures resting on this improved foundation model is analyzed following a Pasternak approach with improved soil parameters. The soil parameters are evaluated by an internal iteration which depends upon the loading and foundation parameters. Parametric analyses of a foundation element have been carried out and comparisons were made between different foundation parameters. The numerical performance of the element was further enhanced by adopting the newly developed mixed finite element formulation with fiber discretization. The presented solutions and applications show the superiority of the element in simulating the complex response of foundation structures.

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Raychowdhury, Prishati, and Tara Hutchinson. "Nonlinear Material Models for Winkler-Based Shallow Foundation Response Evaluation." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40972(311)85.

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Lee, T. W., W. L. Cleghorn, and B. Tabarrok. "Static and Dynamic Analyses of Beam-Columns on Winkler Foundation." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0345.

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Abstract A finite element model is developed for static, free and forced vibration analyses of a compressed beam resting on a Winkler-type elastic foundation and subjected to transverse loads. The homogeneous solution of the governing differential equation of static equilibrium is used as shape functions when deriving the load vector, the stiffness and mass matrices. For the static case, a procedure is outlined for improving the internal distributions of deflections, rotations, bending moments and shear forces of the structure. In this procedure, exact results are obtained for concentrated, uniform and ramp distributed loads with a minimum number of elements. When considering free vibrations, natural frequencies converge rapidly with increasing numbers of elements, and are shown to agree with results obtained by other analytical methods. The effects of the axial load and elastic foundation on the natural frequencies are also illustrated. For forced vibrations, the Newmark β Method is employed for obtaining the time history response of a beam-column on an elastic foundation subjected to lateral time-dependent excitations and constant axial load.

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Machalová, Jitka, Horymír Netuka, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, Ch Tsitouras, and Zacharias Anastassi. "Solving the Beam Bending Problem with an Unilateral Winkler Foundation." In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2011: International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3636963.

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Qu, Chengzhong. "The improved foundation modulus for the use of Winkler foundation." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536438.

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Reports on the topic "Winkler"

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Matile, G. L. D. Surficial geology, Winkler, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/215011.

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ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS MODEL FOR SHALLOW EMBEDDED STEEL COLUMN BASES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.308.

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Abstract:

Embedded steel column bases are normally idealized as fixed boundary condition in the analysis of steel frameworks. In practice, the embedded column bases sometimes have embedded depth notably smaller than that recommended by the structural design codes. In such a case, the fixed boundary assumption may overestimate the stiffness of the bases to a large extent. In light of this, this paper proposes a theoretical model for the accurate prediction of the rotational stiffness of the shallow embedded steel column bases, with the combined effects of key influencing factors, including the axial load in the column, the shear deformation of the embedded column, the rotational constraint provided by the column end plate, and the stiffness contribution from the anchor bolts. To achieve this, the calculation of the rotational stiffness of the base plate is refined in this paper based on previous study, which can consider the contribution from the anchor bolts, and incorporated in the Winkler foundation beam model, giving the expression of the initial rotational stiffness of the embedded column base. The proposed model is validated by the experimental and finite element simulation results.

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