Journal articles: 'Winter Quarters'

1

Chapman., Stephen E. "THE PACIFIC WINTER QUARTERS OF SABINE'S GULL." Ibis 111, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1969.tb02576.x.

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Holmes, Richard T., and Peter Lack. "Symposium: Migrant passerines in tropical winter quarters." Journal of Ornithology 135, no. 3 (July 1994): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01639998.

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Hartley., P. H. T. "THE BIOLOGY OF THE MOURNING CHAT IN WINTER QUARTERS." Ibis 91, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1949.tb02289.x.

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Risebrough, Robert W., Brock W. De Lappe, and Christopher Younghans-Haug. "PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 11 (November 1990): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90300-w.

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BOERTMANN, DAVID, PETER LYNGS, FLEMMING RAVN MERKEL, and ANDERS MOSBECH. "The significance of Southwest Greenland as winter quarters for seabirds." Bird Conservation International 14, no. 2 (June 2004): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270904000127.

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The coastal and offshore waters of Southwest Greenland are internationally important winter quarters for seabirds. We crudely estimate a minimum of 3.5 million seabirds using the region in winter, mainly from Arctic Canada, Greenland and Svalbard, with smaller numbers also from Alaska, Iceland, mainland Norway and Russia. The most numerous species are Common Eider Somateria mollissima, King Eider S. spectabilis, Brünnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia and Little Auk Alle alle. The most immediate threat to the seabirds in Southwest Greenland is hunting, and current levels of usage of the Greenland breeding populations of Brünnich's Guillemot and Common Eider are considered unsustainable. Conservation measures are required for these populations.

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Mmoreau, R. E. &. W. M. "Food-offering and Copulation by European Reller in Winter Quarters." Ibis 83, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1941.tb00652.x.

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Nisbet, Ian C. T., Carolyn S. Mostello, Richard R. Veit, James W. Fox, and Vsevolod Afanasyev. "Migrations and Winter Quarters of Five Common Terns Tracked using Geolocators." Waterbirds 34, no. 1 (March 2011): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.034.0104.

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Lehikoinen, E., and J. Hakala. "Variation in weight of migratory DippersCinclus cinclusin their Finnish winter quarters." Bird Study 35, no. 2 (July 1988): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063658809480386.

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9

Hötker, Hermann. "Sex ratios and weights of Meadow PipitsAnthus pratensisin their winter quarters." Ringing & Migration 10, no. 2 (October 1989): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03078698.1989.9673951.

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Salewski, Volker, Res Altwegg, Birgit Erni, Karl H. Falk, Franz Bairlein, and Bernd Leisler. "Moult of three Palaearctic migrants in their West African winter quarters." Journal of Ornithology 145, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-004-0020-2.

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Andersen, J. "Winter quarters of wetland ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in South Scandinavia." Journal of Insect Conservation 15, no. 6 (January 23, 2011): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-011-9378-7.

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12

Price, Trevor. "THE ECOLOGY OF THE GREENISH WARBLER PHYLLOSCOPUS TROCHILOIDES IN ITS WINTER QUARTERS." Ibis 123, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1981.tb00920.x.

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13

Borychowski, Michał. "SEASONALITY ELEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF LIQUID BIOFUELS IN POLAND AND GERMANY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5145.

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The aim of the paper is to identify elements of seasonality in supply and demand in the liquid biofuels sector in Poland and Germany. An additional purpose is to present forecasts for selected aggregates until 2020. Two research questions have been formulated for their implementation: (1) is biofuel production in Poland higher in spring or summer (due to the seasonality of agricultural raw material production) than e.g. in winter?; (2) Is the consumption of biofuels seasonal in both countries? The research applies quarterly data for the following aggregates from the biofuels sector: for Poland – production and sale of biofuels in the quarters of 2006-2018, for Germany – biofuel consumption in the quarters of 2007-2017, import and export of bioethanol in the quarters of 2007-2015, import and export of esters in the quarters of 2007-2017. The work focuses on identifying seasonal fluctuations in order to identify purified seasonality indicators, so that it is possible to present forecasts for the biofuels sector. The research conducted in the article leads to the conclusions that, in the liquid biofuels sector, in Poland and Germany, there are elements of seasonality, especially in the field of sales / consumption of biofuels, which in turn is the effect of the changing demand for traditional fuels in which liquid biocomponents are admixed or (less often) used separately as fuel. Differences in the values of variables in Poland and Germany in quarters, in the analysed periods, can be significant – they usually reach several dozen (up to even over 100%), although in nominal terms these differences are usually several or several percentage points. The consumption of biofuels in both countries was higher in the second and third quarters, i.e. in the spring-summer period than others.

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Kok, Ordino B., Aletta C. Kok, and Cor A. Van Ee. "Diet of the Migrant Lesser KestrelsFalco naumanniin their Winter Quarters in South Africa." Acta Ornithologica 35, no. 2 (December 2000): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/068.035.0207.

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15

Savours, Ann. "Travels with mules: Antarctica 1912." Polar Record 39, no. 3 (June 26, 2003): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247403243175.

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Seven pack mules were taken from India to the Antarctic in 1912. Their preparations for the voyage and for use in exploration are described. The names of the animals and of their leaders are recorded from the account of their expedition from winter quarters to find the last camp of Scott's Polar Party.

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Urbanczyk, Zbigniew. "Northern Europe's most important bat hibernation site." Oryx 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034542.

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In western Poland an underground fortification dating from the 1930s is the winter quarters for the largest aggregation of hibernating bats in northern Europe. Although a major threat has been averted, the bats remain vulnerable to disturbance. The author has been studying these animals since the mid-1970s and, with others, has been pressing for improved protection.

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17

Kallberg, Veli-Pekka. "Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300105.

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An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

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Verfuß, Ursula K., Christopher G. Honnef, Anja Meding, Michael Dähne, Roger Mundry, and Harald Benke. "Geographical and seasonal variation of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence in the German Baltic Sea revealed by passive acoustic monitoring." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 1 (February 2007): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407054938.

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The harbour porpoise is the only resident cetacean species in the German Baltic Sea. Within the last several decades this harbour porpoise stock declined drastically, causing deep concern about its status. Plans of the German government for proposing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to implement Natura 2000 and for assessing the impact of offshore windmill constructions on the marine environment led to an increased research effort on the harbour porpoise in German waters. For the first time, long-term passive acoustic monitoring has been conducted in the German Baltic Sea from the Kiel Bight to the Pomeranian Bay from August 2002 to December 2005. Porpoise detectors (T-PODs) have been installed five to seven metres below the water surface at up to 42 measuring positions throughout the investigated area, registering the exact times of echolocation signals of passing harbour porpoises. The proportion of monitored days with porpoise detection in each quarter of the years has been analysed. A correlation of the results with the longitude of the measuring position revealed a significant decrease from west to east in the percentage of days with porpoise detections. Comparison of data gathered in the first quarters with the third quarters of the monitoring years displayed a seasonal variation with fewer days of porpoise detections in winter time than in summer time. Nevertheless, harbour porpoises have been detected year-round at most of the measuring positions in the German Baltic Sea. The present study clearly indicates a regular use of the German Baltic Sea by harbour porpoises with a geographical and seasonal variation in the usage of the German Baltic Sea. The larger numbers of harbour porpoise detections in spring to autumn compared with winter suggests that the German Baltic Sea is an important breeding and mating area for these animals.

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Tian, Yudong, Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Robert F. Adler, Takuji Kubota, and Tomoo Ushio. "Evaluation of GSMaP Precipitation Estimates over the Contiguous United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1190.1.

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Abstract Precipitation estimates from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) project are evaluated over the contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period of 2005–06. GSMaP combines precipitation retrievals from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite and other polar-orbiting satellites, and interpolates them with cloud motion vectors derived from infrared images from geostationary satellites, to produce a high-resolution dataset. Four other satellite-based datasets are also evaluated concurrently with GSMaP, to provide a better perspective. The new Climate Prediction Center (CPC) unified gauge analysis is used as the reference data. The evaluation shows that GSMaP does well in capturing the spatial patterns of precipitation, especially for summer, and that it has better estimation of precipitation amount over the eastern than over the western CONUS. Meanwhile, GSMaP shares many of the challenges common to other satellite-based products, including that it underestimates in winter and overestimates in summer. In winter, GSMaP has on average one-half less precipitation over the western region and one-third less over the eastern region, whereas in summer it has about three-quarters and one-quarter more estimated precipitation over the two respective regions, respectively. Most of the summer overestimates (winter underestimates) are from an excessive (insufficient) number of strong events (>20 mm day−1). Overall, GSMaP’s performance is comparable to other satellite-based products, with slightly better probability of detection during summer, and the different satellite-based estimates as a group have better agreement among themselves during summer than during winter.

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20

Reichlin, Thomas S., Keith A. Hobson, Steven L. Van Wilgenburg, Michael Schaub, Leonard I. Wassenaar, Manuel Martín-Vivaldi, Raphaël Arlettaz, and Lukas Jenni. "Conservation through connectivity: can isotopic gradients in Africa reveal winter quarters of a migratory bird?" Oecologia 171, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2418-5.

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21

Dowsett, Robert J. "The separate African winter quarters of Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and Collared Flycatcher F. albicollis." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 17, no. 1 (March 2010): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309899.

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22

Shah, Ashish, Samuel Huntley, Eildar Abyar, Eva Lehtonen, Sameer Naranje, Matthew Anderson, Rishi Kalra, Alan Hsu, and Nicholas Dahlgren. "Postoperative infection in foot & ankle surgery." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00428.

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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections of the incision site, organ, or space at or near the surgical incision within 30 days of the procedure or within 90 days for prosthetic implants. Being the most common nosocomial infection, SSI’s are a burden to the healthcare system as they increase costs, duration of stay, antimicrobial resistance, morbidity, and mortality. While there is limited evidence in the orthopaedic literature suggesting that the incidence of SSI increases during the summer months, this association has not been examined in the setting of foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether seasonal variation plays a role in developing SSI’s after orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) years 2011-2015 were used in this study. The pooled and individual incidences of superficial incisional SSI, deep SSI, and organ space SSI were calculated and stratified by quarter of admission. The quarters of admission represent the various seasons (1=winter, 2=spring, 3=summer, 4=fall). Differences in the incidence of SSI as well as various demographic, comorbidity, and complication variables were evaluated using ANOVA for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi-Square for categorical variables. Results: A total of 17,939 patients were identified. After pooling the superficial, deep, and organ space infections, the overall SSI rate was highest in the summer months (July-September, 3rd quarter) at 2.68% as compared to 2.20%, 2.33%, and 2.14% in the other respective quarters (p=0.338). There was a total of 218 cases of superficial incisional SSI. The summer months had the highest incidence of superficial SSI at 1.38% compared to 1.14%, 1.13%, and 1.21% for 1st, 2nd, and 4th quarters, respectively (p=0.677). There were 145 cases of deep incisional SSI. The third quarter again had the highest rate at 1.02% compared to 0.72%, 0.93%, and 0.60% for 1st, 2nd, and 4th quarter respectively (p=0.105). Conclusion: Our results show that superficial incisional SSI, deep incisional SSI, and open wound infections have increased likelihood during the summer months in the setting of orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery. Some studies have associated the increased temperature and humidity during the summer months with increased rates of infections and our results show similar trends. Additional evidence with larger sample sizes is needed to determine which specific procedures are at highest risk of infection during the summer months.

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23

Van Impe, Jacques. "The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska disaster? A Hungarian story." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 20–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0014.

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Abstract The well-known Russian ornithologist Prof. Peter Sushkin described it as a distinct species from Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) in 1897, a highly acclaimed discovery. However, its breeding grounds never been discovered. Since then, there has been a long-standing debate over the taxonomic position of Anser neglectus. Taxonomists have argued that Anser neglectus belongs to the group of A. fabalis Lath. because of its close resemblance with A. f. fabalis. At the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of the Sushkin’s goose were observed in three winter quarters: on two lakes in the Republic of Bachkortostan, in the surroundings of the town of Tashkent in the Republic Uzbekistan, and in the puszta Hortobágy in eastern Hungary. It is a pity that taxonomists did not thoroughly compare the Russian and Hungarian ornithological papers concerning the former presence of Anser neglectus in these areas, because these rich sources refer to characteristics that would cast serious doubt on the classification of Anser neglectus as a subspecies, an individual variation or mutation of A. f. fabalis. Sushkin’s goose, though a typical Taiga Bean Goose, distinguished itself from other taxa of the Bean Goose by its plumage, its field identification, by its specific “Gé-gé” call, the size of its bill, and by its preference for warm and dry winter haunts. A. neglectus should therefore be considered a separate, fully distinct species, sensu Stegmann (1935) and Stegmann in Schenk (1931/34), if we follow the established criteria in bird systematics of Tobias et al. (2010). Between 1908 and 1911, an estimation of up to 150.000 individuals of A. neglectus wintered in the Hortobágy puszta. Approximate counts for both other winter quarters are not available. The last living birds were seen in the zoological garden of Budapest in 1934. Since then, A. f. fabalis and A. s. rossicus “Type neglectus” (i.e. A. f. fabalis and A. s. rossicus with a color of the bill and the legs, similar to the former A. neglectus) have been observed sporadically on the breeding grounds and in the winter quarters of both taxa. However, the true A. neglectus seems to be extinct. Its sudden disappearance may be related to the Tunguska event, the catastrophe in 1908 that may have caused genetic mutations. This hypothesis is considered to be the most likely, among other available hypotheses about its extinction.

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Fox, Anthony D., and Alyn Walsh. "Warming winter effects, fat store accumulation and timing of spring departure of Greenland White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostris from their winter quarters." Hydrobiologia 697, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1173-2.

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25

Dany, O. P. "Livy and the chronology of the years 168–167." Classical Quarterly 50, no. 2 (December 2000): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/50.2.432.

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All our ancient sources agree on the basic sequence of events after the battle of Pydna on 22 June 168: the consul L. Aemilius Paullus advanced to take possession of the whole of Macedonia and finally managed to capture Perseus, the defeated king, who had taken refuge on Samothrace. Once in complete control of the situation he sent his troops into winter quarters and himself set off on a trip that was to take him round the most famous sights of Greece. Only when he heard of the arrival of the customary senatorial commission did he return to Macedon, settle its affairs, hold magnificent games, and finally return to Italy. Thus far there is little cause for concern, but what most of these events lack is a properly established date. Livy, our only ancient source venturing to date them, places everything up to sending the troops into winter quarters (45.8.8–9) in the same consular year as Pydna and assigns the remaining events to autumn and winter 167 (45.27ff). He thereby creates an awkward gap of somewhat more than a year between the battle of Pydna and the subsequent actions of Aemilius Paullus. A majority of scholars either seem to have ignored this point altogether or silently corrected Livy's chronology by simply shifting the events in question back to 168/ (Julian calendar). Others, ranging from Miiller and Weissenborn to Hammond and Walbank in their magisterial History of Macedonia, have kept Livy's date,4 while only one scholar has actually attempted to argue for a correction of Livy.

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Morehead, Sally, Paul Montagna, and Mahlon C. Kennicutt. "Comparing fixed-point and probabilistic sampling designs for monitoring the marine ecosystem near McMurdo Station, Ross Sea, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 20, no. 5 (May 16, 2008): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001326.

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AbstractFixed-point and probabilistic sampling designs were compared to investigate which design best detected known contamination gradients in the marine ecosystem adjacent to McMurdo Station, Antarctica. The fixed-point sampling design included transects along historical contamination and physical disturbance gradients. The probabilistic sampling design used randomly selected hexagons spaced at 50 m intervals. In both designs, 15 stations were sampled over a small area (~1 km2) that extended from Winter Quarters Bay to Cape Armitage. Sediment quality triad components (sediment chemical contaminants, sediment toxicity, and a benthic index of biotic integrity) were measured to indicate chemical, toxicological, and biological effects. There were higher correlations between sediment quality triad components for the fixed-point sampling design than for the probabilistic design. The fixed-point design was better at detecting the intensity of alteration because disturbance of the marine ecosystem at McMurdo Station is localized within a small area. Based on these results, a limited fixed-point design with nine stations detected no significant change in macrofaunal community structure over a four year period from 2000–2004. However, the macrofaunal assemblages present in the contaminated portions of Winter Quarters Bay are indicative of a disturbed benthic community that has been subject to organic enrichment and toxic chemical exposure.

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Childs, John. "V Captain Henry Herbert's Narrative of his Journey through France with his Regiment, 1671–3 and Ane Account of Our Regements Marches from the Winter Quarters to ther Entrance in France." Camden Fourth Series 39 (July 1990): 271–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068690500004621.

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Acknowledgement 273Abbreviations 274Introduction 276Editorial Practice 291Note on Biographies 293Captain Henry Herbert's Narrative of his Journey Through France with his Regiment, 1671–3 294Chronology of Herbert's Travels, 1671–3 363Ane Account of Our Regementes Marches from the Winter Quarters to ther Entrance in France, 1673 366The transcripts from the Herbert Manuscripts in the National Library of Wales are reproduced with the kind permission of the Librarian and the Trustees of the Powis Castle Estate.

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Salewski, V. "Niche partitioning of two Palearctic passerine migrants with Afrotropical residents in their West African winter quarters." Behavioral Ecology 14, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arg021.

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Stephens, John. "Metafiction and Interpretation: William Mayne's Salt River Times, Winter Quarters, and Drift." Children's Literature 21, no. 1 (1993): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.0.0162.

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Salewski, Volker, Bruno Bargain, Ibrahima Diop, and Martin Flade. "Quest for a phantom - the search for the winter quarters of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 16, no. 1 (March 2009): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309868.

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Last, F. T., and A. M. I. Roberts. "Onset of Flowering in Biennial and Perennial Garden Plants." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 10 (October 31, 2012): 85–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2012.69.

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Observations were made weekly over a period of 30 years of 208 species (trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants and geophytes) from more than 1,000 growing in a garden located 18km east of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Scotland (lat. 55º 56ʹN: long. 3º 09ʹW). Of these species, 27 were British native or naturalised.The First Flowering Dates (FFD) of 67 species were without significant temperature association with variable weather; the FFDs of the other 141 species reflected, in contrast, the net outcome of ‘major’ associations with late winter/spring temperatures and smaller impacts of autumn/early winter temperatures. Increases in late winter and spring temperatures advanced the onset of flowering in the current year; in contrast, increases in autumn and early winter temperatures tended to be associated with delayed flowering in the following year.With stepwise regression, penalised signal regression and thermal-time models, it was possible to identify species with ‘strong’ associations with both air and soil temperatures and species with ‘weak’ associations with either air or soil temperatures.Thermal-time models for each of 120 species, whose FFDs were associated with temperature, enabled the characterisation of (1) base temperatures, Tb(°C), at, and above which, development towards open flowers is possible; and (2) thermal constants (degree days accumulated between the start of development and the onset of flowering). Together these attributes suggested that each base temperature cohort has species with widely different degree-day requirements. Between 1978 and 2007 mean air temperatures significantly increased by 0.080°C, 0.044°C and 0.026°C yrˉ¹ in the first, second and third quarters; soil temperatures increased by 0.060ºCyrˉ¹in the first quarter. Over the 30-year period, the trends in flowering showed the early (February/March) flowering species flowering c. 24 days sooner; the later flowering species (April/May) advanced by only c. 12 days.

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Teich, A. H., T. Welacky, A. Hamill, and A. Smid. "Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-005.

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This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

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Saino, Nicola, Tibor Szep, Maria Romano, Diego Rubolini, Fernando Spina, and Anders Pape Moller. "Ecological conditions during winter predict arrival date at the breeding quarters in a trans-Saharan migratory bird." Ecology Letters 7, no. 1 (January 2004): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00553.x.

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Townrow, K., and P. D. Shaughnessy. "Fur seal skull from sealers' quarters at Sandy Bay, Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean." Polar Record 27, no. 162 (July 1991): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400012651.

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AbstractFur seals were exterminated from Macquarie Island about 20 years after discovery of the island in 1810. Their specific identity is unknown. Few fur seals were reported at the island until it was occupied by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1948. Fur seal numbers are now increasing. An archaeological excavation at a sealers' quarters at Sandy Bay in 1988 revealed the fragmented skull of a young Antarctic fur sealArctocephalus gazella1.1 m below the surface in a layer dated in the 1870s and 1880s. This period coincides with the recovery of fur seal populations in the South Atlantic Ocean following earlier harvesting. Elsewhere it has been argued that the Antarctic fur seal is unlikely to have been the original fur seal at Macquarie Island because few individuals of that species are ashore in winter, which is the season when the island was discovered and fur-seal harvesting began. It is concluded that the Sandy Bay skull is from a vagrant animal.

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Biddle, Martin, and Birthe Kjølbye-Biddle. "Repton and the Vikings." Antiquity 66, no. 250 (March 1992): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081023.

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In 873 the Viking Great Army took winter quarters at the Anglo-Saxon monastery of Repton in the heart of Mercia. Excavations 1974–88 found their D-shaped earthwork on the river bank, incorporated in the stone church. Burials of Viking type were made at the east end of the church, and an existing building was cut down and converted into the chamber of a burial mound containing at least 249 individuals. Here is a first account of the evidence for the Vikings at Repton in and after the campaigning season of 873-4.

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Dong, Ying, Jian Hua Zhou, and Xi Jun Wu. "Water Quality Evaluation Research Based on Fuzzy Mathematics in Weihe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.869.

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Weihe is the largest river in Shaanxi province. The comprehensive evaluation of the monitoring datas in 2012 in Weihe Tongguan drawbridge section was presented in this paper by using the FCE method. The results showed that the water quality pollution levels in this section are Class V, I, IV and V respectively in the four quarters which are spring, summer, autumn and winter, the main pollutant is NH3-N. Compared with the traditional method of single factor assessment, this method can reflect the water quality more comprehensively and reasonably.

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Gulacar, O., C. Cox, E. Tribble, N. Rothbart, and R. Cohen-Sandler. "Investigation of the correlation between college students’ success with stoichiometry subproblems and metacognitive awareness." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 11 (November 2020): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0384.

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The development of problem-solving skills — particularly with stoichiometry concepts — is paramount for succeeding in a general chemistry sequence. Key concepts related to problem solving and stoichiometry were analyzed and reported in this paper. The study analyzed retention of stoichiometry concepts over two consecutive quarters, the correlations between metacognition and success, and the correlations between the COSINE (Coding System for Investigating Subproblems and the Network) codes with the categories measured by the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI). Two cohorts, identified as the general and focus groups, were evaluated in the study. The general group (n = 39) took MAI in the Fall quarter and completed one multi-step question as a part of their regular exam. Concurrently, the focus group (n = 20) participated in a think-aloud session in which they solved six stoichiometry questions. Using a 95% confidence level, statistical differences between the fall and winter problem-solving performances were observed with the focus group. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations (using a 95% level of confidence) were observed between the MAI categories and the COSINE codes.

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Robertson, LN. "Population dynamics of false wireworms (Gonocephalum macleayi, Pterohelaeus alternatus, P. darlingensis) and development of an integrated pest management program in central Queensland field crops: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930953.

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False wireworms (particularly Pterohelaeus alternatus and Gonocephalum macleayi) are major pests of seedling field crops in central Queensland. Population densities are spatially and temporally dynamic, with high densities (>2/m2) of large larvae and adults generally not persisting at a location for more than 1 year. Adult movement in summer in response to changes in habitat suitability is suggested as the cause of population changes. Natural enemies, particularly entomopathogenic fungi, may also have a role in suppressing high population densities. One-half to three-quarters of fields that have grown summer crops including sorghum, sunflower, soybeans, and mungbeans in the preceding season are infested at densities that could cause economic losses in subsequent crops sown in wide rows with a low seed-sowing rate. Winter-grown wheat results in a significantly lower infestation rate (one-quarter of the fields sampled), but winter chickpea is a suitable crop for development of false wireworm infestations. Cultivation per se does not reduce numbers of false wireworms, but stubble removal may depress densities. False wireworms feed on stubble, and crop damage may be increased in low-stubble fields (following long fallows for example) despite low false wireworm numbers, due to lack of alternative food. The dynamic nature of false wireworm population size makes prediction of pest levels difficult. The presence of false wireworms should be assessed in each fallow field before planting. Management strategies based on preplanting sampling, economic injury levels, stubble management, crop rotation, and insecticide control are discussed.

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Marques, Paulo A. M., and Paulo E. Jorge. "Winter Latitudinal Population Age-Structure of a Migratory Seagull (Larus fuscus) Differs between Its Two Major Migratory Flyways." International Journal of Ecology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/737616.

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The migration is energy-demanding and is expected to greatly affect the distribution of individuals over the species range and condition the choice of migratory routes. We investigated the wintering distributions and migratory flyways use of geographically contiguous populations of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) and difference in population winter age structure between migratory flyways. Recoveries of metal ringed pulli from Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were used. The results showed that contiguous populations can have distinct wintering distribution patterns and migratory flyways. More importantly, we found that depending on the place of origin, the population winter distribution may or may not show a latitudinal cline in the age structure. The population migrating via the eastern Atlantic flyway (western flyway) showed a winter age-related latitudinal cline, with adults staying at more northern latitudes than immatures. In contrast, no such pattern was found in the population migrating along the Mediterranean/Black sea flyway (eastern flyway). Interestingly, immatures within the eastern population showed a more dispersed pattern of migratory bearings. Overall, our results enhance the importance of the migration flyway in shaping the age structure of populations in the winter quarters and how it may influence the effect of other factors like sexual maturation.

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Graham, Christopher A. "Music along the Rapidan: Civil War Soldiers, Music, and Community during Winter Quarters, Virginia by James A. Davis." Journal of the Civil War Era 5, no. 3 (2015): 458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2015.0044.

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Harris, J. Lloyd. "Development of honey bee colonies on the Northern Great Plains of North America during confinement to winter quarters." Journal of Apicultural Research 48, no. 2 (January 2009): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.48.2.01.

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Bowen-Murphy, Ashley. "Music Along the Rapidan: Civil War Soldiers, Music, and Community during Winter Quarters, Virginia by James A. Davis." Civil War History 61, no. 4 (2015): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2015.0075.

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Stanley, Matthew E. "MUSIC ALONG THE RAPIDAN: Civil War Soldiers, Music, and Community during Winter Quarters, Virginia by James A. Davis." American Studies 54, no. 1 (2015): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2015.0017.

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Budevich, A. I., E. V. Petrushko, D. M. Bogdanovich, V. N. Kuznetsova, and Iu K. Kirikovich. "Influence of the season and lactation on the milk composition of goats-producers of biosimilar human lactoferrin." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-58-1-81-91.

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The seasonal variability of the physicochemical parameters of milk of both ordinary goats and goats producers of a biosimilar human lactoferrin has been established. The average values of the mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose, nonfat milk solids, density index in the second and third quarters were lower than in the first and fourth quarters. At the same time, the difference between the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods in the mass fraction of fat was 25%. In the mass fraction of protein, lactose, nonfat milk solids, density it was 5–7%. Comparative analysis of milk from goats-producers of a biosimilar human lactoferrin of various lactations revealed a number of changes in the physicochemical composition of raw materials in comparison with non-transgenic animals: an increase in the mass fraction of protein by 4–6% (P˂0.05), of lactose by 2–6 (P˂0.05), nonfat milk solids by 1–6, density by 2–5% (P˂0.05), freezing temperature by 5 and a decrease in the mass fraction of fat by 5–8% (P˂0, 05). At the same time, the indicators of active and titratable acidity of milk were similar in all groups of animals. At the same time, the concentration of human lactoferrin in the milk of producers of the second and third lactation had almost identical seasonal changes in the increase and decrease in the synthesis of lactoferrin in the mammary gland during the year: in the first quarter – 2.88 and 2.97 g/l, in the second – 4.76 and 4.63, in the third – 7.44 and 7.55 and in the fourth – 7.97 and 6.72 with an average annual value of 5.84 and 5.72 g/l, respectively.

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Helbig, A. "Genetic basis, mode of inheritance and evolutionary changes of migratory directions in palaearctic warblers (Aves: Sylviidae)." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.49.

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The genetic basis, mode of inheritance and recent evolutionary changes of migratory directions in birds are discussed on the basis of published and new experimental evidence. Displacement experiments with wild-caught migrants and orientation tests with hand-reared passerines illustrate that inexperienced young birds possess genetic information about the direction and approximate distance of migration, but not about the geographic location of the winter quarters. Hand-raised blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla from east and west of the Central European migratory divide, when tested under identical conditions, exibited population-specific migratory directions in orientation cages. Cross-breeding of birds from these two populations demonstrated an intermediate mode of inheritance of this behavioural character. New data on the orientation of an F2 generation suggest that the directional information is encoded by only a few major genes. Migratory adaptations may have evolved recently, in some cases rapidly, as is illustrated by the establishment of a new migration route of central European blackcaps to winter quarters in the British Isles. This new route is shown (in a captive breeding experiment) to be based on a novel, genetically programmed westnorthwesterly migratory direction. It must have spread from almost zero to 7-11 % frequency in parts of central Europe within only three decades. The novel direction is also inherited phenotypically intermediately; its rapid evolution may be mediated by assortative mating based on differential arrival times at the breeding grounds. The evolutionary flexibility of migratory adaptations is discussed in relation to changes in the environment, both natural and accelerated by man.

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Barta, Zoltán, John M. McNamara, Alasdair I. Houston, Thomas P. Weber, Anders Hedenström, and Orsolya Feró. "Optimal moult strategies in migratory birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1490 (August 6, 2007): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2136.

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Avian migration, which involves billions of birds flying vast distances, is known to influence all aspects of avian life. Here we investigate how birds fit moult into an annual cycle determined by the need to migrate. Large variation exists in moulting patterns in relation to migration: for instance, moult can occur after breeding in the summer or after arrival in the wintering quarters. Here we use an optimal annual routine model to investigate why this variation exists. The modelled bird's decisions depend on the time of year, its energy reserves, breeding status, experience, flight feather quality and location. Our results suggest that the temporal and spatial variations in food are an important influence on a migratory bird's annual cycle. Summer moult occurs when food has a high peak on the breeding site in the summer, but it is less seasonal elsewhere. Winter moult occurs if there is a short period of high food availability in summer and a strong winter peak at different locations (i.e. the food is very seasonal but in opposite phase on these areas). This finding might explain why only long-distance migrants have a winter moult.

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G.S., Dhameeth,, and Diasz, L. "US Real GDP Growth and Impact of Covid-19." Research in Economics and Management 6, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): p20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v6n2p20.

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The global pandemic, COVID-19, has exacerbated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of the global economy since its outbreak in December 2019. One of the most affected economies, due to the global pandemic, is the US economy, currently crippled by an increased number of COVID-19 related deaths, layoffs, reduced work hours, and other related natural disasters, such as winter storms. Hence, it is imperative that the damage done to the GDP growth is evaluated meticulously to craft favorable monetary and fiscal policies to uplift economic performance. One of the key yet debated methods used by many economists is utilizing real GDP per capita as an economic performance measurement tool. Using two economic datasets and a multiple regression model, we compared real GDP per capita performance in the US economy between the second and third quarters of 2020. The study finds that the impact seems detrimental due to restrictions imposed on economic activities, such as business closures, disturbances in the supply chain, employee layoffs and reduced work hours. However, in the third quarter of 2020 COVID-19 after some of the COVID-19 imposed restrictions were lifted, the real GDP per capita significantly increased.

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Frick, B., and A. G. Thomas. "Weed surveys in different tillage systems in southwestern Ontario field crops." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-166.

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A weed survey of 593 corn, soybean and winter wheat fields in southwestern Ontario was conducted during 1988 and 1989 to determine the abundance and distribution of weeds under a variety of tillage systems. The survey was conducted after all weed-control measures had been carried out. A total of 82 weed species and groups of species were recorded. Many weeds were found infrequently. The most abundant weeds were green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), quack grass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber). These weeds accounted for 54% of the total relative abundance. Weed communities in individual fields were highly variable. Most fields had fewer than 10 species, and nearly half of the fields had fewer than 6 weeds m−2. Six weeds, yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.), quack grass, crab grass spp. (Digitaria spp.), lamb’s-quarters, green foxtail and chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.), occurred at densities greater than 100 plants or shoots m−2 in at least one field. Similar weed communities were found in fields that had different tillage histories. Annual weeds were found at higher densities and perennial weeds at lower densities in reduced tillage than in conventional tillage. Weeds were found at highest total densities in fields with no tillage. The six most abundant weeds in the current study were present in Ontario prior to the 1900s.Key words: Weed survey, reduced tillage, green foxtail, lamb’s-quarters, quack grass, redroot pigweed

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Cama, Albert, Pere Josa, Joan Ferrer-Obiol, and José Manuel Arcos. "Mediterranean Gulls Larus melanocephalus wintering along the Mediterranean Iberian coast: numbers and activity rhythms in the species’ main winter quarters." Journal of Ornithology 152, no. 4 (March 6, 2011): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0673-6.

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Ma, Yu Xia. "Characteristics and Causes of Air Pollution in Lanzhou, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.808.

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Ten of the top 20 polluted cities are in China, while Lanzhou is the most famous one in the ten. Relevant foreign researches show that urban air pollution generated economic losses reached the city of 3% of national income. In this paper, air pollutants, air pollution index (API for short) and meteorological data of 2000-2008 are analyzed using statistical methods and results show that: (1) Air pollution index (API) in Lanzhou shows an obvious seasonal change with high value in winter and low in summer.(2) Its primary air pollutants are particulate pollutants, in total 3113 days during 2000-2008, only 96days of air quality are good and taking 3.08%; there are severe polluted 168 days, moderate polluted 114 days and light polluted 1106 days.(3) Primary pollution particles of 2928 days are inhalable particles, accounting for 94.06%. Second pollution is SO2 and taking 2.97%. (4) Seasonal distribution of pollution, severe pollution and moderate pollution occurs mostly in winter and spring quarters. Seasonal variation shows the number of severe polluted days in the four months of Jan, March, April, and Dec account for 78.6% of total severe polluted days during 2000-2008. The most severe polluted and second polluted days mainly occurred in winter and spring, closely related with winter house heating and spring dust storm. The number of excellent air quality days is more in the rainy days, indicating that deposition of pollutants or the dilution effect precipitation is apparent. (5) There are close relationship between API and meteorological factor such as precipitation, humidity and wind speed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Winter Quarters'

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