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Journal articles on the topic 'Wire-bending'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

France, Michel Mendès, and J. O. Shallit. "Wire bending." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 50, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(89)90002-2.

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2

Firoozabadi, Reza, Patricia A. Kramer, and Stephen K. Benirschke. "Kirschner Wire Bending." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 27, no. 11 (November 2013): e260-e263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bot.0b013e318290f818.

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3

Hamid, Rahimah Abdul, and Teruaki Ito. "Verification of Sheet Metal based Wire Bending Procedures." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2016.26 (2016): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2016.26.1403.

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4

Kim, Chun-Ho, and Dae-Suk Jung. "Analysis of Bending Wire Mesh." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 9, no. 6 (December 20, 2009): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2009.9.6.169.

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5

Barnett, David. "Wire bending or preformed arches?" Faculty Dental Journal 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/204268513x13776914744998.

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The concept of placing bespoke bends in a wire seems to be alien to some. Has the skill and art of bending wire been all but lost in the rush to embrace whichever version of the straight wire appliance that is currently in vogue?
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6

Morain, D. O. "Manual of wire bending techniques." British Dental Journal 211, no. 1 (July 2011): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.561.

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7

Jacobson, Alex. "Manual of wire bending techniques." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 138, no. 5 (November 2010): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.009.

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8

Zhou, Yiming, Nianchun Deng, and Tao Yang. "A Study on the Strength and Fatigue Properties of Seven-Wire Strands in Hangers under Lateral Bending." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062160.

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Hangers are important tensile members in half-through arch bridges and through arch bridges (HTABs and TABs). The floating deck structures of HTABs and TABs will commonly produce longitudinal deformation and rotate under the effect of temperature and the temperature gradient, which will cause bending deformation at anchorages of fixed-end hangers. This bending deformation can generate adverse bending stress for hangers and decrease the strength and fatigue properties of the seven-wire strands in the hangers. Firstly, theoretical derivation and finite element analysis are conducted to study the bending stress of hangers that is caused by bending deformation. We find that bending stress of hangers is mainly generated by lateral bending caused by the difference in longitudinal displacement at both ends of the hangers under the effect of temperature. Subsequently, the ultimate tensile strength of the seven-wire strands under lateral bending is obtained by FEM and an experimental study. The ultimate tensile strength of the seven-wire strands could decrease by 23.3% when lateral bending is considered. Moreover, the relationship between the fatigue properties of the seven-wire strands and lateral bending is obtained based on observing the ultimate tensile strength under lateral bending. Lateral bending significantly influences the fatigue properties of the seven-wire strands. When the lateral bending angle reaches about 50 mrad, the fatigue resistance of the seven-wire strands drop by almost 40%. The considerable decrease in the strength and fatigue properties of the seven-wire strands indicates that lateral bending has a significant adverse influence on hangers that consist of seven-wire strands. Finally, it is advised to use the tied arch structure for HTABs and TABs to mitigate the adverse influence of lateral bending on hangers.
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9

Hu, Zhi Hui, and Ji Quan Hu. "The Fatigue and Degradation Mechanisms of Wire Ropes Bending-over-Sheaves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.344.

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Fatigue failure behaviors caused by wire ropes bending-over-sheaves are discussed in the paper. Stress conditions of wire ropes bending-over-sheaves and the mechanism of damage to wire rope caused by fleet angel and angle of wrap is analyzed, the fatigue failure mechanism of wire ropes is investigated in the paper. The investigation indicates that the load and the mechanical damage of ropes bending-over-sheaves is very complex, and the fatigue failure of ropes bending-over-sheaves is the result of combined action of bending fatigue and various kinds of damage. The research will have implications to design and use of wire rope.
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10

Kono, Hiroshi, and Masafumi Kikuchi. "Analysis of orthodontic wire springback to simplify wire bending." Orthodontic Waves 79, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13440241.2020.1741070.

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11

HANEISHI, Keigo, Ryouichi IKEDOU, and OSAWA Motoaki. "Laser Bending of Stainless Steel Wire." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers 2013, no. 58 (2013): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2013.21.

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12

Kim, Sung Ho, Rjeon Hwan Bae, and Jae Do Kwon. "Bending fatigue characteristics of wire rope." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 26, no. 7 (July 2012): 2107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0524-2.

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13

Wang, Xiao Ming, Sheng Zhu, Zhi Hao Zhao, Qi Wei Wang, and Xi Hua Peng. "Microstructure and Bending Property of Welding Joint Prepared by 5356 Welding Wire Added Sc, Zr and Er." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2003.

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7A52 aluminum alloy was welded by using 5356 welding wire added Sc, Zr and Er. Microstructure of the welding joint was observed by using optical microscope (OM). Bending property was tested by bending tester. The results demonstrated that, compared to employ traditional 5356 welding wire, the grains in welding zone (WZ) were much finer; The grains in fused zone (FZ) nucleated and grew from the matrix; The grain size along heat affected zone (HAZ) dercearsed gradually.The welding joint prepared by using 5356 welding wire added single 0.3%Sc possessed maxium face bending strength. The welding joint fabricated by using 5356 welding wire added compond 0.1%Sc+0.2% Er possessed maxium rear bending strength. The fine isometric crystal and isometric dendrite generated at the welding zone when the new type 5356 wire added gingle Sc or compound Sc+Er was employed, which make the welding joint represent excellent bending property, respectively.
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14

Furuichi, Yuji, Hisaaki Tobushi, and Ryosuke Matsui. "GSW0097 Bending fatigue properties of a TiNi shape-memory alloy wire." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _GSW0097–1—_GSW0097–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._gsw0097-1.

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15

Matsui, Ryosuke, Hisaaki Tobushi, and Yoshiyasu Makino. "Influence of Strain Ratio on Bending Fatigue Life in TiNi Shape Memory Thin Wire." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1193.

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In this study, we performed the bending fatigue test and investigated the influence of strain ratio on fatigue life in TiNi shape memory thin wire. The pulsating plane bending, alternating plane bending and rotating bending fatigue tests were carried. Additionally, we carried out the observation of the fatigue fracture surface by a scanning electron microscope. The behavior of fatigue crack was investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) The martensitic transformation (MT) stress of the superelastic thin wire (SE-NT) is higher than that of the SMA thin wire (SME-NT) and the fatigue life of SE-NT is shorter than that of SME-NT. Maximum bending strain at the fatigue limit is the MT starting strain. (2) The low-cycle fatigue life curve in plane bending for SE-NT is expressed by a power function of maximum strain εmax and the number of cycles to failure Nf. The smaller the strain ratio for the same εmax, the shorter the fatigue life. (3) In both the rotating bending and the plane bending, fatigue cracks nucleate on the surface of the wire and one fatigue crack grows preferentially. The region in which fatigue crack propagated is fan-shaped.
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16

Hobbs, R. E., and S. Nabijou. "Changes in wire curvature as a wire rope is bent over a sheave." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 30, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v304271.

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The changes in curvature in single and double helices as they are bent into circular arcs are derived from first principles. This analysis is applied to wire ropes to examine the bending strains in the wires of a frictionless rope as it is bent over a sheave. It is shown that the free bending strains in the wires in the innermost layer of a strand in a rope taken as an example are higher than those in the outer layer wires, while the second wire layer has the lowest bending strains.
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17

Zhang, Yong De, and Ji Xiong Jiang. "Analysis and Experimentation of the Robotic System for Archwire Bending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3805.

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Archwire bending is one of the key components in orthodontic treatment. However, it is a very difficult work due to the high stiffness and superelasticity of orthodontic wire. The traditional way of acquiring the formed archwire curve is based on manual operation, which will randomly bring numerous errors caused by human factors. This paper proposes a novel robotic system to bend archwire into desired configuration. Structure and elements of robotic system for archwire bending was studied. Coordinate systems of robotic system were built up. Control points of end effector and control angle of each control point were planned. Preliminary orthodontic wire bending experimentation has been done using the robotic system. The experimental results verified the feasibility of the manufacture strategy of formed orthodontic wire fulfilled by robotic system for orthodontic wire bending.
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18

Utting, W. S., and N. Jones. "Wire tensions and bending moments in axially loaded seven wire strand." Strain 23, no. 3 (August 1987): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1987.tb00629.x.

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19

Zhang, Dekun, Cunao Feng, Kai Chen, Dagang Wang, and Xiang Ni. "Effect of broken wire on bending fatigue characteristics of wire ropes." International Journal of Fatigue 103 (October 2017): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.06.024.

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20

Buryakin, Aleksey V., Nikita S. Nesterenko, and Pavel A. Tsirkov. "Some design features of sliding current leads." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-3-154-159.

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Plastic bending of the electrode wire causes an increase in the required force of its supply to the current supply. This can lead to uneven feed and instability of welding, surfacing and spraying processes. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the behavior of the supplied electrode wire in the current supply and suggest ways of reducing the force of its pushing. (Materials and methods) In order to reduce the force of feeding the wire to the current supply, its bend must be elastic. If the wire must be deformed plastically, it must be bent before entering the current supply and the bend of the current supply channel must correspond to the curvature of the wire. The article presents calculations of the radius of curvature of the wire to assess the behavior of the wire when it bends, at which it begins to deform plastically. (Results and discussion) The article presents results for the bending radii of wires made of various materials, at which they begin to deform plastically. Authors selected for calculations the wire materials and their diameters, which are most often used for electric arc welding and sputtering. With an increase in strength properties and a decrease in wire diameters, their bending occurs elastically at a smaller radius. This information and the described behavior of the wire when it is fed into a sliding current supply can be useful for developers in creating metallization and surfacing equipment. (Conclusions) In order to reduce the force of pushing the wire into the current supply channel, it is desirable to deform it elastically when feeding. For the most commonly used materials for arc welding, surfacing and metallization, the values of the bending radii of the wires at which plastic deformation begins are calculated and presented. When plastic bending of the wire is used to reduce the feed force, it must be bent before the entrance to the current supply channel. The bend of the wire must correspond to the radius of the channel.
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21

Lee, Kuang-Yao, Shing-Tung Lin, and Ting-Chi Wang. "Enhanced Double Via Insertion Using Wire Bending." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 29, no. 2 (February 2010): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2009.2035559.

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22

Kim, Sung-Ho, Sung-Hoon Ham, and Jae-Do Kwon. "Bending fatigue characteristics of corroded wire ropes." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (July 2014): 2853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-0639-8.

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23

Furuichi, Y., H. Tobushi, T. Ikawa, and R. Matsui. "Fatigue properties of a TiNi shape-memory alloy wire subjected to bending with various strain ratios." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 217, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070321700201.

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A fatigue-test machine for alternating bending of a wire under strain-controlled conditions was developed. Bending-fatigue tests on a TiNi shape-memory alloy wire were then performed for various strain ratios. The results obtained can be summarized as: (1) the fatigue life curves under alternating bending and pulsating bending, as expressed by the relationship between maximum strain and the number of cycles to failure, systematically follow the order of strain ratio; (2) the larger the strain ratio, the longer the fatigue life; (3) the fatigue life under rotating bending is shorter than that under alternating bending; (4) the increase in temperature during cyclic bending becomes larger in the order: rotating bending, alternating bending, pulsating bending. The fatigue life decreases in proportion to the increase in temperature; and (5) the fatigue limit of strain for alternating bending, pulsating bending and rotating bending is in the region of R-phase transformation.
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24

Lewis, D. D., S. Rigaud, G. B. Mackinzie, A. J. Rapoff, and A. R. Cross. "Effects of wire tension on the biomechanics of asymmetric four-ring circular external skeletal fixator constructs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 15, no. 01 (2002): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632712.

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SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of fixation wire tension (0 kg, 30 kg, 60 kg, and 90 kg) on the biomechanics of a four ring asymmetric circular external fixator construct in four testing modes (axial compression, medio-lateral bending, craniocaudal bending, and torsional loading) using a gap fracture model. Wire tension had a significant direct effect on gap stiffness in all of the testing modes. Axial compression load-deformation curves exhibited non-linearity, characteristic of the self-tensioning effect observed with fine wire fixation. Bending loaddeformation curves had two discrete linear segments, attributable to slipping of the bone models on the fixation wires, once a critical bending moment was exceeded. Torsional loading caused a gradual ‘windup’ of the construct which was followed by a linear load-displacement curve. Increasing wire tension had a small but significant effect on gap stiffness, which generally diminished as higher tensions were applied, thus demonstrating the need for adequate initial construct design to achieve sufficient stability during fracture healing.
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25

Raoof, M., and Y. P. Huang. "Wire Stress Calculations in Helical Strands Undergoing Bending." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919973.

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Steel cables play an important role in many offshore applications. In many cases, an understanding of the magnitude and pattern of bending stresses in the individual component wires of a bent strand is essential for minimizing the risk of their failure under operating conditions. Following previously reported experimental observations, a theoretical model is proposed for obtaining the magnitude of wire bending stresses in a multi-layered and axially preloaded spiral strand fixed at one end and subsequently bent to a constant radius of curvature. The individual wire bending stresses are shown to be composed of two components. The first component is the axial stress generated in the wires due to interwire/interlayer shear interactions between the wires in a bent cable, and the second component is associated with the wires bending about their own axes. Using the theoretical model, which includes the effects of interwire friction, parametric studies on a number of realistic helical strands with widely different cable (and wire) diameters and lay angles subjected to a range of practical mean axial loads, and subsequently bent to a range of radii of curvature with one end of the cable fixed against rotation, have been carried out. It is shown that for most practical applications, the axial component of wire stresses due to friction is much greater than the second component of bending stresses associated with the individual wires bending about their own axes.
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26

Keshtta, Alaa Mahmoud, and Mohamed Abdel Hady Gepreel. "Shape Memory Effect in New Ti-Nb-Ta Alloy." Materials Science Forum 889 (March 2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.889.165.

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Recently, Ni-free shape memory Ti-based alloys (composed of the biocompatible β-stabilizing elements such as Ta and Nb) are extensively studied. In this work, new Ni-free Ti-17Nb-6Ta is presented as a candidate for shape memory alloys with high biocompatibility. This alloy produced using arc-melting in argon atmosphere, followed by solution annealing at 900° C for 30 min. β-phase is the predominant phase beside α” martensite phase. Stress induced martensitic transformation is observed after cold rolling and during bending tests as measured by XRD. The hardness of the bended wire in the solution treated condition was around 330HV. While the cold rolled wire hardness before bending was 300 HV. The superelasticity and shape memory effect was investigated through bending tests of alloy wires. The cold rolled wire showed higher superelasticity than shape memory effect. But superelasticity and the shape memory effect were almost similar with the solution treated wire. Also, the total spring back in cold rolled wire is higher compared with solution treated wire.
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27

Pons, Dirk J., Gareth Bayley, Christopher Tyree, Matthew Hunt, and Reuben Laurenson. "Material Properties of Wire for the Fabrication of Knotted Fences." International Journal of Metals 2014 (November 26, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/123195.

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This paper describes the materials properties of galvanised fencing wire, as used in the fabrication of knotted wire fences. A range of physical properties are investigated: tensile strength, ductility in tension, Young’s modulus, three-point bending, and bending span. A range of commercially available wire products were tested. The results show that most, but not all, high tensile wire samples met the minimum tensile and ductility requirements. Young’s modulus results failed to provide any meaningful insights into wire quality. Flexural modulus results also failed to provide any insight into wire quality issues, with no statistically significant differences existing between acceptable and problematic wire batches. The implications are that premature fence failures are unlikely to be caused solely by reduced tensile properties. Existing test methods, including tensile strength and ductility, are somewhat incomplete, perhaps even unreliable, as measures of wire quality.
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28

Rutz, Christian, Shoko Sugasawa, Jessica E. M. van der Wal, Barbara C. Klump, and James J. H. St Clair. "Tool bending in New Caledonian crows." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 8 (August 2016): 160439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160439.

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‘Betty’ the New Caledonian crow astonished the world when she ‘spontaneously’ bent straight pieces of garden wire into hooked foraging tools. Recent field experiments have revealed that tool bending is part of the species' natural behavioural repertoire, providing important context for interpreting Betty's iconic wire-bending feat. More generally, this discovery provides a compelling illustration of how natural history observations can inform laboratory-based research into the cognitive capacities of non-human animals.
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29

Tangit, Nathaphon, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Pornkiat Churnjitapirom, and Peerapong Tua-Ngam. "Properties of Three Commercial Orthodontic Round Stainless Steel Wire." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.619.

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Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the diameter, mechanical properties (tensile strength: flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength and springback: three point bending test: bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force) and chemical properties (composition and corrosion resistance) of three commercial orthodontic round stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: The samples of this study are three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires, Highland (USA), Dentaurum (Germany) and W&H (China), 0.016 inch and 0.018 inch in size. The diameter was measured by micrometer and the mechanical properties were analyzed with tensile strength and three point bending test by Universal Testing Machine according to ISO 15841:2006. The composition was evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and the corrosion resistance was analyzed by a potentiodynamic polarization technique according to ISO 10271:2001. The data were analyzed with the Kolmoforov-Smith test, One-way ANOVA and Tukeys test. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in diameter of the three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires in both size except 0.016 in diameter between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel wire. In terms of tensile strength, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and springback in each variable, except W&H stainless steel wire with flexural strength in 0.016 and 0.018 wire size and springback in 0.018 wire size. However, in 0.2% yield strength, there was no significant difference in each brand and size except Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.018 wire size. For the three point bending test, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force of each brand and size except 0.1mm. offset bending force between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.016 wire size. In terms of chemical properties, there were the same elements but difference was found in percentage of each element, and W&H stainless steel had the least corrosion resistance. Conclusion: There were significant differences among three commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires in diameters, mechanical properties and chemical properties which will produce different force on each wire during tooth movement. All three brands, however, are acceptable for orthodontic use. The orthodontist should be aware of these differences in using stainless steel for orthodontic treatment.
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30

Onur, Y. A., and C. E. İmrak. "The influence of rotation speed on the bending fatigue lifetime of steel wire ropes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2275.

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This article presents experimental investigations to determine the influence of rotation speed on the bending fatigue lifetime of rotation-resistant rope and non-rotation-resistant rope. Heat generated by the rotation speed on steel wire rope samples has been measured by a thermal camera. Two sheaves with different diameters have been used to obtain the effect of sheave diameters on the heat alterations and bending fatigue lifetime. Two experimental tests have been conducted to determine the effect of insufficient lubrication on the bending fatigue lifetime. The results indicate that rotation speed affects the steel wire rope lifetime subjected to bending fatigue.
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31

ABDUL HAMID, Rahimah, and Teruaki ITO. "505 A Review of Computer-aided Wire Bending Systems for Prosthodontics and Orthodontics." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2016.54 (2016): _505–1_—_505–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2016.54._505-1_.

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32

PEHLIVAN, Ö., A. KIRAL, M. MAHIROGULLARI, O. KOKSAL, and H. KAPLAN. "Four-Point Bending Strength of Transverse Osteotomies Stabilized with Various Kirschner Wire and Tension Wire Band Configurations." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 4 (August 2005): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.04.002.

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Four different fixation configurations of K-wires of two different diameters were used to stabilize a transverse osteotomy in chicken humerus bones. Four-point bending was applied to these to assess their apex dorsal bending rigidity. The configurations of K-wires included intramedullary, crossed and two with different tension wire band designs. One of these consisted of two transverse K-wires which did not cross the fracture line, around which the tension wire band was placed. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two different tension band wiring techniques and that both were superior to the intramedullary and crossed K-wire fixation techniques.
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33

Astley, Victoria, Julianna Scheiman, Rajind Mendis, and Daniel M. Mittleman. "Bending and coupling losses in terahertz wire waveguides." Optics Letters 35, no. 4 (February 11, 2010): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.000553.

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34

Ridge, I. M. L., J. Zheng, and C. R. Chaplin. "Measurement of cyclic bending strains in steel wire rope." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 35, no. 6 (August 1, 2000): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324001514288.

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This paper reports strain gauge measurements of cyclic bending strain in the wires of a six-strand right-handed Lang's lay steel wire rope running on and off a pulley. The paper describes the measurement procedures and presents the results for the two tests conducted which had different gauge configurations along and around the sample. It was found that the strain waveforms observed had some similarities with those reported elsewhere and the magnitudes of strains matched theoretical predictions. However, in contrast with behaviour reported for fluctuating tension, the initial differences between and along wires rapidly attenuated. This observation helps to explain reported similarities in bending fatigue performance of ropes from different sources which contrasts with the very significant differences in characteristics found in tensile fatigue. The dependence of wire strain amplitude on rope bending deformation further contrasts with tensile fatigue in which wire strain range is dependent on the local sharing of axial load.
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35

Lin, Yi Wei, Sui Min Meng, Zhi Min Li, and Xiang Hui Yin. "Comparative Study on Different Wire Breakage Codes of Towers." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4603.

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Analysed three design standards on the combination of wire breakage load and the value of tension load over the past decade , According to 1M module of State Grid Tower "typical design-110kV transmission line volumes", selected a straight pole and a corner pole to carry out comparative studies, mainly calculated and analyzed the towers bending moments on the different standards or codes of wire breakage situation and wire breakage tension changes , discussed the change of safety factors of lines’ impact on the tower's bending moments; analyzed synthetically the changes of the pole actual bending moments and weight resulting from inequable ice-coating and other load combination; finally drew a conclusion that national standard increased the tower design standards, and project investment corresponding increased, then put forward reasonable proposals considering the security and economic aspects. Analysis and study are very meaningful and valuable to the different parts of towers calculation and checksum.
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36

LI, JINGMEI, and SHELDON I. GREEN. "Fiber interaction with a forming fabric." August 2012 11, no. 8 (September 1, 2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.8.39.

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During sheet forming, the structure of the forming fabric leaves wire marks on the pulp mat. Paper nonuniformity caused by the wire mark can lead to ink nonuniformity in printing. We investigated wire mark numerically through simulations of the interaction of individual fibers with a forming fabric. In the simulations, the flow field through the forming fabric was taken to be that of single-phase water flow without disturbance of fibers. A particle level simulation method was applied to simulate the motion of fibers in the flow through a single layer sine-wave fabric. A hundred fibers of random initial distribution were placed into the flow above the fabric. Those fibers were advected onto the fabric, forming a fiber mat. The surface roughness of the resulting fiber mat was then calculated. The results show that during the initial formation, topographic wire mark is caused partially by fiber bending and partially by the geometry of the fabric. For the specific fibers and sinusoidal forming fabric considered, more than 50% of topographic wire mark is the result of geometry, with the remainder attributed to fiber bending. Fabrics with different geometries (e.g., different filament pitches or a nonsinusoidal geometry) will have different relative influences from geometry and fiber bending.
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37

Tu, Shaowu, Xiaofeng Lu, and Xiaolei Zhu. "Effect of Structure Parameters on Polycal Wire Rope Isolator Stiffness-Damping Characteristics." Shock and Vibration 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4525798.

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Wire rope isolators are mainly used to isolate vibration and protect precise equipment. However, the issue of regulation of vibration isolators taking into account the nonlinearity of their characteristics was poorly understood in the modern literature. In this paper, the influence of structural parameters (diameter ratio and lay pitch of the single strand, and lay pitch and bending radius of the wire rope) on stiffness-damping characteristics of the Polycal WRI was investigated by the simplified finite element analysis method. The stiffness and damping prediction models including structural parameters and material properties were established. The results showed that the stiffness-damping characteristics were the best; when the diameter ratio of wire strand was 1.1, the inside layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand, the outside layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, the pitch length of the wire rope was 7.5 times its diameter, and the bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm. The errors of the prediction for prestiffness and softened stiffness were within 5%, and the errors of prediction for the energy dissipation coefficient were within 10%.
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38

Xu, Ying Lei. "Effect of Drawing Processes on Wire Breaking in Steel Wire Production." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1667.

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Wire breaking is a major factor in the impact of wire drawing production, and drawing process is an important factor causing the wire breaking, which cannot be ignored. In this paper, the impact of tension, bending stresses, centrifugal stresses, compression ratio of die arrangement and drawing speed in the process of the wire drawing process on wire breaking were calculated theoretically. Then the corresponding measurements to reduce the rate of wire breaking were proposed. The results show that the the tension of drawing process was the main factor, while choosing the right compression ratio and drawing speed according to the actual situation, the rate of wire breaking could be reduced effectively.
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39

Utting, W. S., and N. Jones. "Axial–Torsional interactions and wire deformation in 19-wire spiral strand." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v232079.

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Tensile tests were performed on a straight steel strand of three layer (12/6/1) construction, having a core wire diameter of 3.66 mm and 3.33 mm diameter helical wires, under conditions of full end-fixity, partial restraint, and ends free from torsional restraint. The torque generated under tensile load was recorded as well as the strand extension and rotation over a 600 mm gauge length. Wire tensions and bending moments in the outer layer of helical wires were determined at the mid-strand position from the outputs of strain gauges in groups of three with parallel grids and mounted parallel to the wire axis on the crown of each wire. The rate of strand extension under tensile load was found to be greater in tests with reduced torsional restraint, the greatest rate occurring in the free-end test. The strand rotation rate was also found to be greatest in the free-end test. The greatest difference from the theoretically predicted rates occurred in a free-end test with increasing load; predicted values of extension and rotation underestimated the test results by 12 and 23 per cent, respectively. Displacement of the load-torque plots occurred in the direction of reducing torque as testing proceeded. This appears to indicate the redistribution of the strand load between the layers of wires. Wire tensions showed a more even sharing of load in the fixed-end condition than in the free-end condition. The increase in rate of tension with strand load was less for most wires in tests with reduced torsional restraint, with the lowest tension rates developing in the free-end condition. For most wires, the rate of bending moment change with strand load was greater (in the sense tending to decrease tensile stress on wire crowns) in tests with reduced torsional restraint. However, the bending moment rates varied greatly between wires, the variation being greater in tests with reduced torsional restraint than in fixed-end tests.
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40

Bruski, Dawid. "Determination of the Bending Properties of Wire Rope Used in Cable Barrier Systems." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 3842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173842.

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This paper presents research on the bending properties of 3 × 7 19-mm wire rope commonly used in road cable barriers. A total of 19 experimental tests were conducted. In addition, two nonlinear 3D numerical models of the wire rope using beam and solid finite elements were developed. Based on these models, four numerical simulations were carried out. The numerical results were validated against the experimental ones and a very good agreement was obtained. The main result of the research is the determination of the moment–curvature relationship for the wire rope considered. The effect of prestretching on the rope performance is discussed. The numerical results are analyzed in this paper in detail, including the behavior of the wire rope under bending and analyses of the cross-sectional and contact stresses. Suggestions concerning the type of finite element for wire rope modeling are also given. The results can be used, for example, in numerical simulations of crash tests of cable barriers.
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41

Yang, Jinhui, Hui Xiong, Zhitao Yan, and Yifan Zha. "Variation law of equivalent bending stiffness of steel-cored aluminum stranded wire under bending." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 676, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/676/1/012035.

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42

Matsui, R., H. Tobushi, Y. Furuichi, and H. Horikawa. "Tensile Deformation and Rotating-Bending Fatigue Properties of a Highelastic Thin Wire, a Superelastic Thin Wire, and a Superelastic Thin Tube of NiTi Alloys." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789952.

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The tensile deformation and rotating-bending fatigue properties of a highelastic thin wire, a superelastic thin wire and a superelastic thin tube, all made of NiTi alloys, were investigated experimentally. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The stress-strain curve of the highelastic thin wire is approximately linear up to a strain of 4 percent with a stress of 1400 MPa and shows little dependency on temperature and strain rate; (2) The modulus of elasticity for the initial loading stage of both the highelastic wire and the superelastic tube is low, showing superior bending flexibility as is necessary for medical applications; (3) The slopes of the strain-life curves of the alloys are steep in the low-cycle fatigue region (the strain amplitude of the fatigue limit is in the region of 0.6–0.8 percent); and (4) In the tube, fatigue cracking initiates on the rougher inner surface, resulting in a shorter fatigue life than in the case of the wire.
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43

Sasmito, Agus, and Yudi Irawadi. "DESIGN OF UNDIRECT GUY WIRE TENSION METER BASED ON STRAIN GAUGE." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v13i2.2922.

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The safety of the tower is depend the tension of guy wire, where it must have the same tensile stress at all positions. To meet this requirement, the load cell guy wire is designed based on strain gauge. Load cell guy wire is designed portable and it can detect stress of the guy wire indirectly. The main component of load cell is a beam, two hooks and a cylinder to form a bending moment force in the beam, the value of the bending moment on the beam will be directly proportional to the increase or decrease in force drag on guy wire. Design process of load cell doone using mathematical analysis, and then the load cell is calibrated by standard load cell, based on the data result of calibration is known that the stress at the guy wire load cell is close and under the yield stress of the load cell material, it is proved that load guy wire cell’s design result is safe to use.
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44

Ma, Gang, Ke He Wu, and Pan Pan. "Application of Monitoring Technology Based on Aeolian Vibration in Smart Grid." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.672.

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The aeolian vibration of overhead transmission lines frequently brings about the breaking fatigue of wires, which makes a serious threat to the security of transmission lines.Today, more and more attentions have been paid to the aeolian vibration both in research and commercial realms . As aeolian vibration monitoring can accurately monitor wire damage, it is conducive to timely maintenance and avoiding accidents. In our paper, we propose a system model adopting bending amplitude method to estimate bending amplitude, calculate dynamic bending strain of wire and obtain early warning tips by comparing with strain chart based on the research of principles of aeolian vibration. Besides, A prototype system is developed to realize the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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45

Moriyasu, Ryuta, Hidefumi Wakamatsu, Eiji Morinaga, Eiji Arai, Shigeki Shimada, and Ken Manabe. "Bending and Torsional Deformation Analysis of a Twisted Wire." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 30, no. 8 (2012): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.813.

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46

Fann, Kuang-Jau, and Pao Min Huang. "Cold Bending a Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Wire." Key Engineering Materials 661 (September 2015): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.661.98.

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Because of being in possession of shape memory effect and superelasticity, Ni-Ti shape memory alloys have earned more intense gaze on the next generation applications. Conventionally, Ni-Ti shape memory alloys are manufactured by hot forming and constraint aging, which need a capital-intensive investment. To have a cost benefit getting rid of plenty of die sets, this study is aimed to form Ni-Ti shape memory alloys at room temperature and to age them at elevated temperature without any die sets. In this study, starting with solution treatments at various temperatures, which served as annealing process, Ni-rich Ni-Ti shape memory alloy wires were bent by V-shaped punches in different curvatures at room temperature. Subsequently, the wires were aged at different temperatures to have shape memory effect. As a result, springback was found after withdrawing the bending punch and further after the aging treatment as well. A higher solution treatment temperature or a smaller bending radius leads to a smaller springback, while a higher aging treatment temperature made a larger springback. This springback may be compensated by bending the wires in further larger curvatures to keep the shape accuracy as designed. To explore the shape memory effect, a reverse bending test was performed. It shows that all bent wires after aging had a shape recovery rate above 96.3% on average.
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47

Jolicoeur, Claude, and Alain Cardou. "Semicontinuous Mathematical Model for Bending of Multilayered Wire Strands." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 122, no. 7 (July 1996): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1996)122:7(643).

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48

Mbonye, Marx, Rajind Mendis, and Daniel M. Mittleman. "A terahertz two-wire waveguide with low bending loss." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 23 (December 7, 2009): 233506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3268790.

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49

Kojima, Yukio, and Hisao Fukui. "A numerical simulation of tooth movement by wire bending." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 130, no. 4 (October 2006): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.028.

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50

TOBUSHI, Hisaaki, Akira IKAI, Shinya YAMADA, and Ping-hua LIN. "Rotating-Bending Fatigue of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Wire." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 62, no. 599 (1996): 1543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.62.1543.

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