Academic literature on the topic 'Wire strain gauges'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wire strain gauges"
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Bakkehøi, S., K. Øien, and E. J. Førland. "An Automatic Precipitation Gauge Based on Vibrating-Wire Strain Gauges." Hydrology Research 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0015.
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The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NGI, has recently developed and tested a new automatic precipitation gauge for rain and snow which can measure accumulated precipitation with a resolution better than 0.1 mm. The gauge, which is a direct weighing device, is based on the use of vibrating-wire strain gauges. NGI's prototype instrument has a capacity of up to 300 mm precipitation before the gauge must be emptied. A new improved version designed by Geonor has a capacity of 600 mm precipitation. A diagram showing the relationship between the automatic observations and the manual measurements is included. In the NGI prototype the precipitation container is suspended from three small steel wires, each of which is in effect the sensing element in a vibrating-wire type strain gauge. When these gauge wires are set into vibration by an electromagnetic exciter, their resonant frequency of vibration is proportional to the square of the tension in the wire. Thus change in the frequency signals is a measure of the change in tension in the wires and correspondingly a measure of the accumulative weight of precipiation in the container. The distance between the precipitaion gauge and the monitoring station can be up to one kilometre without any loss in performance.
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Peng, Lu, Genqiang Jing, Zhu Luo, Xin Yuan, Yixu Wang, and Bing Zhang. "Temperature and Strain Correlation of Bridge Parallel Structure Based on Vibrating Wire Strain Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030658.
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Deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. This process usually refers to the change in shape, size, and position of an object in the time and spatial domain under various loads. Under normal circumstances, during engineering construction, technicians are generally required to monitor the safe operation of structural facilities in the transportation field and the health of bridge, because monitoring in the engineering process plays an important role in construction safety. Considering the reliability risk of sensors after a long-time work period, such as signal drift, accurate measurement of strain gauges is inseparable from the value traceability system of high-precision strain gauges. In this study, two vibrating wire strain gauges with the same working principle were measured using the parallel method at similar positions. First, based on the principle of time series, the experiment used high-frequency dynamic acquisition to measure the thermometer strain of two vibrating wire strain gauges. Second, this experiment analyzed the correlation between strain and temperature measured separately. Under the condition of different prestress, this experiment studied the influencing relationship of temperature corresponding variable. In this experiment, the measurement repetitiveness was analyzed using the meteorology knowledge of single sensor data, focused on researching the influence of temperature and prestress effect on sensors by analyzing differences of their measurement results in a specified situation. Then, the reliability and stability of dynamic vibrating wire strain gauge were verified in the experiment. The final conclusion of the experiment is the actual engineering in the later stage. Onsite online meteorology in the application provides support.
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Ballivy, Gérard, Brahim Benmokrane, Roch Poulin, and Kaveh Saleh. "Une nouvelle technique d'inclusion pour la mesure à long terme des déformations dans des barrages en béton." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-104.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the development of a simple yet efficient technique allowing for the long-term measurements of strains and stresses in working concrete dams. The proposed technique consists of installing a cylindrical concrete inclusion instrumented with vibrating wire gauges embedded into the concrete. The 140-mm cylinder is slipped into a 152 mm diameter hole, which is drilled into the dam and then filled with cement grout. This technique, which was tested in the laboratory on instrumented concrete blocks, has shown that it is now possible to measure the deformation variations in a working dam. The inclusion can be instrumented for both bidimensional and tridimensional cases. The volume of the cylinder makes room for a sufficient number (4–8) of vibrating wire gauges. Moreover, during the drilling process, the technique of overcoring makes it possible to determine the initial total stresses. This technique can also be used to instrument heavily loaded rock structures such as mine pillars or underground gallery walls. Current observations show that this technique, contrary to plastic inclusions, can be considered appropriate for permanent structures. Key words: vibrating wire gauges, strain gauges, instrumentation, strain measurements, long term, concrete dams, rock slopes, rock pillars, mines, underground excavations.
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Liu, Xiao Chun, Jun Wei, and Zhen Yu Wang. "Use of Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges to Monitor Corrosion-Induced Deterioration of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.357.
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Steel reinforcement corrosion is always one of the most significant incentives of concrete structure deterioration, especially under severe chloride erosion environment. In order to describe the whole process of concrete deterioration induced by reinforcement corrosion, the mechanism of rust expansion and crack propagation in concrete was analyzed from the perspective of elastoplastic mechanics and fracture mechanics firstly, and experimental study was carried out to use vibrating wire strain gauges for monitoring corrosion-induced concrete deterioration process. The mechanism analysis of corrosion-induced concrete deterioration indicates that the degradation process of cover concrete can be divided into aggressive medium transmission process, free corrosive expansion process, corrosive expansion stress development process, corrosive expansion crack generation and propagation process, and vibrating wire strain gauges can be used to monitor corrosion-induced cover concrete stress development, crack initiation and propagation process along with the procedure of reinforcement corrosion. The test curve seems to be generally consistent with that of the theoretic analysis, and the signals captured by vibrating wire strain gauges can successfully reflect the durability degradation process of reinforced concrete structure under severe erosion environment.
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Chen, Gang, Y. Deng, Liang Sun, and T. Xu. "A Modified Algorithm for Reducing Calculation Errors in Large Strain Measurement with Strain Gauges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (July 2008): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.261.
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There is no simple linear relationship between strain and potential in strain measurement with strain gauges, especially for large strain measurements. In this paper, a modified algorithm was proposed to improve the accuracy of strain obtained from measured voltage. The strain was calculated from a nonlinear relationship between voltage and strain rather than a linear simplification. Moreover, the corrections for different sensitivity factors of strain gauges and lead wire resistance were considered. The proposed method was suitable for both large and small strain measurements using a quarter bridge, and validated by experimental tests. It is also very easy to be implemented as a software form and used in scientific tests and engineering applications.
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Caliendo, Joseph A., Loren R. Anderson, Renέ F. Winward, Steve Dapp, and Samuel C. Musser. "Instrumentation for Laterally Loaded Model Piles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1548, no. 1 (January 1996): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154800110.
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Utah State University is involved with a research project funded by the Utah Department of Transportation and the Mountain Plains Consortium. The reaction of model piles subjected to lateral loading is the subject of ongoing research. The measured response of laterally loaded model pile is compared with predicted results. The model piles are 1524 mm (60 in.) long with approximately 1219.2 mm (48 in.) embedded in a soft clay soil. The piles consist of 1-in. Schedule 40, 33.40 mm (1.315 in.) OD aluminum tubes, with a wall thickness of 8.407 mm (0.331 in.). To measure the pile response to the lateral loads, each pile is instrumented with 14 pairs of foil strain gauges mounted at 91.875mm (3.75-in.) spacings. The gauge pairs were mounted on the inside wall of the seamless tube. A special installation tool was designed and fabricated at Utah State University for this purpose. A wedge-scissors device was used to mount the gauges to the inside wall. The strain gauges (CEA-13-250UW-120) are each wired into a ¼ Wheatstone bridge circuit with a dummy temperature gauge. The 28 two-wire leads along with linear variable deformation transform leads are routed through a multiplexer to a 21X data logger. The pile calibration and load test results are discussed. The measured moments compared favorably with those predicted by LPGSTAN and COM624P.
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Kim, K., M. Tia, and J. Greene. "Performance Characteristics of Fiber-Optic Strain Sensors as Compared With Electrical Resistance and Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 45, no. 6 (February 3, 2017): 20160281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20160281.
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Zuo, Jia, Jian Feng Zhang, and Shen Ke Teng. "Key Protective Techniques Study for Strain Gauges in the Oil-Water Mixture and Pressurization Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.912.
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In order to improve the survival rate of the strain gauges in the oil-water mixture and pressurization environment in the static/fatigue test of aircraft fuel tank, some key installing and protecting techniques were researched. The protective performance of single and double covering with Different protective agents, the various treatment scopes on the specimen and different lengths of lead wire embedded in the protective coating were investigated in a fuel tank which was designed and manufactured specially for the contrast test. Several effective protective techniques are gained, and when these techniques are applied to the practice, a satisfactory survival rate of strain gauges is reached.
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Quirion, Marco, and Gérard Ballivy. "Laboratory investigation on Fabry-Perot sensor and conventional extensometers for strain measurement in high performance concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-025.
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Advances in fiber optic sensing technology have made possible the installation of an extremely precise and reliable sensor in small structural members. Because of the high sensitivity and fast response of the sensor, low strain and dynamic strain can be measured. In this study, a Fabry-Perot strain sensor was cast in a high performance concrete cylinder, which had been submitted to simple compression and thermal tests. These results were compared with measurements obtained using external linear variable differential transformers fixed on concrete samples having the same composition as the fiber optic instrumented concrete cylinder. Comparisons were also done with results from tests on concrete cylinders instrumented with embedment vibrating wire and electrical strain gauges. In addition, thermal tests were performed on the different concrete cylinders and samples in order to compare the behaviour of the different sensors in high performance concrete submitted to temperature variations. The results show that the concrete strains measured with the Fabry-Perot sensor are in agreement with strain measurements made on concrete samples. Consequently, the presence of the embedded fiber optic sensor does not influence greatly the mechanical properties of concrete. Furthermore, for high stress levels (0.4 f 'c) and rapid stress changes (0.25 MPa/s), the fiber optic sensor measures with higher accuracy the strains of high performance concrete than the vibrating wire strain gauge.Key words: high performance concrete, sensor, vibrating wire, strain, extensometer, Fabry-Perot, fiber optic, instrumentation.
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Rui, Zhang, and Wen Liang Lu. "Experimental Study on Transversal Stress of Precast Simply Supported Box Girder during the Pre-Tensioning and Initial Tensioning Stages." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1689.
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Experimental research was conducted on the transverse stress of 32m post-tensioned precast simply supported concrete box girder with ballastless track. Vibrating wire strain gauges were embedded in the key sections to monitor the concrete transverse strain. The concrete strain development law was analyzed. The monitored results showed that there were low transverse tensile stresses and the cracking resistance of the girder was enough during pre-tensioning stage. The research findings provided effective experimental data for design and construction quality control.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wire strain gauges"
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Herranz, Alvarez Juan F. "Minimisation of the wire position uncertainties of the new CERN vacuum wire scanner." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398303.
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The particle production of an accelerator is characterised by the accelerated species of particles, by their number and energy. The particle rate is determined by the production cross section, a natural constant and the accelerator dependent parameter luminosity. The luminosity is proportional to the number of particles in each beam and inversely proportional to the particle beam transverse dimensions. The luminosity increases with the particle beam density and therefore the probability of interactions too. To optimize the transverse beam sizes, profile monitors are used to measure parameter depending changes.
Different monitors can provide beam transversal profile measurements (Wire Scanners, Synchrotron Light Monitors, Rest Gas Profile Monitors), however the wire scanner monitor is considered to be the most accurate of all monitors. Wire scanner instruments measure the transverse beam density profile in a particle accelerator by means of moving a thin wire in an intermittent manner.
In the next years the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be significantly increased and more accurate beam profile measurement will necessary. The new performance demands a wire travelling speed up to 20 m.s-1 and a position measurement accuracy of the order of few micros. The existing wire scanners does not reach the new requirements as their accuracy achieved is limited by the motorization, the angular position measurement system located outside of the vacuum vessels and the vibration of the thin carbon wire which has been identified as one of the major error sources reducing the knowledge of the wire position. Therefore the development of a new device whose accuracy meets the new requirements was mandatory.
This thesis work aims to provide suitable inputs for the design and operation of this new fast wire scanner in order to minimize the uncertainties in the wire position. To accomplish the aims the understanding of the wire vibrations in such a system is one of the main goals of this work. More specifically, the development of a suitable vibration measurement system and the construction of dynamic models of the system are the two goals aimed. For the new scanner design this work intend to propose, the conceptual design, the optimization of the most critical parts and the operation procedure that will allow the new device to reach the required performances imposed by the forthcoming LHC conditions.La producción de partículas de un acelerador se caracteriza por las especies de partículas aceleradas, por su número y energía. La tasa de partículas se determina a partir de la sección transversal de producción, una constante natural, y de un parámetro que depende del acelerador, la luminosidad. La luminosidad es proporcional al número de partículas por haz e inversamente proporcional a la dimensión transversal de los haces. La luminosidad aumenta con la densidad de partículas y por lo tanto también aumenta la probabilidad de interacciones entre los haces. Para optimizar la sección trasversal del haz, se utilizan monitores de perfil de haz. Diversos tipos de monitores pueden proporcionar mediciones del perfil transversal del haz (Escáneres de hilo, Monitores de luz de sincrotrón, Monitores de análisis de gas residual), sin embargo el escáner de hilo está considerado como el más preciso de todos ellos. Los escáneres de hilo miden el perfil del haz atravesándolo con un hilo muy delgado de manera intermitente. En los próximos años la luminosidad del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) se incrementará de manera significativa, por lo que serán necesarios sistemas de medida de perfil de haz más precisos que lo actuales. Las nuevas características, requerirán velocidad de desplazamiento del hilo de hasta 20 ms-1 y una precisión en la medida de posición del hilo de tan solo unas micras. Los escáneres actuales no pueden alcanzar estos requerimientos ya que su precisión está limitada por el sistema de motorización, por el medidor angular de posición que está situado fuera del tanque de vacío y por las vibraciones del hilo, la cuales han sido identificadas como una de las mayores fuentes de error a la hora de conocer la posición real del hilo. Por todo esto, el desarrollo de un nuevo dispositivo cuyas características cumplan los nuevos requerimientos era necesario. Este trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo proporcionar criterios adecuados para el diseño y operación de un nuevo escáner, con el fin de minimizar las incertidumbres en la posición del hilo. Para lograr estos objetivos, el entender las vibraciones del hilo en un sistema de este tipo es un objetivo primordial. De manera más específica el desarrollo de sistemas de medida de vibración adecuados y la construcción de modelos dinámicos del sistema son los dos objetivos concretos perseguidos por este trabajo. De cara al nuevo diseño, este trabajo pretende proponer un diseño conceptual así como definir los criterios para la optimización de las partes más críticas y establecer un procedimiento de operación que permita al nuevo dispositivo alcanzar los requerimientos impuestos por las futuras condiciones del LHC.
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Forsling, Ekblom Albin, and Rickard Ohlén. "Balkböjning och signalbehandling." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299794.
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I laborationssalarna på KTH i Södertälje, som i huvudsak används till elektrorelaterade ämnen, har det funnits ett antal balkmodeller med monterade töjningsgivare. Dessa har inte använts på många år och det saknas vidare uppgifter om modellerna. Uppdraget bestod av att utarbeta en laboration till KTH:s undervisning. Laborationen skulle handla om balkböjning och signalbehandling, med tonvikt på̊ det senare. Som hjälpmedel skulle vi använda oss av balkmodellerna. I uppdraget ingick det också att undersöka balkmodellernas elektriska och mekaniska egenskaper. Med teknisk balkteori skulle en möjlig relation mellan nedböjning och töjning tas fram. Med balkmodellen i en bryggkoppling kunde dess signal via ett DAQ-kort överföras till en PC och LabVIEW för vidare behandling. I LabVIEW kan ett anpassat gränssnitt tas fram och för visning av valda parametrar. Bryggkopplingen balanseras med hjälp av en potentiometer. I gränssnittet kan spänningsförändringen i bryggan observeras när balken påverkas av nedböjning. Efter kalibrering av systemet kan töjning och nedböjning presenteras efter beräkningar i LabVIEW. För att erhålla en så stabil och brusfri signal som möjligt har gruppen använt sig avbåde ett hårdvarufilter av lågpass-typ och ett mjukvarufilter i LabVIEW. Signalen förstärks med hjälp av en OP-förstärkare innan den matas in i DAQ-kortet. Trots sin ålder kunde balkmodellerna fortfarande användas och ge stabila signaler för vidarebehandling. Modellerna kan med fördel användas i en laboration för studenter och färdigt underlag finns för detta. Laborationen bör öka förståelsen för hur en signal från en givare kan förstärkas, filtreras och behandlas vidare i detta fall för grundläggande hållfasthetsberäkningar.In the laboratory at KTH in Södertälje, which are mainly used for electro-related subjects, there are a number of beam models with mounted strain gauges. These have not been used for many years and there is no further information about the models. The assignment consisted of preparing a laboratory task for KTH's teaching. The laboratory would consist of beam bending and signal processing, with emphasis on the latter. As an aid, the beam models will be used, these consisted of a fixed aluminum beam with mounted strain gauges. The assignment also includes examining the electrical and mechanical properties of the beam models. With technical beam theory, a possible relationship between deflection and strain would be developed. With the beam model connected in a bridge connection, its signal could be transferred via a DAQ card to a PC and LabVIEW for further processing. In LabVIEW, a custom interface can be created and for displaying selected parameters. The bridge coupling is balanced with the help of a potentiometer. In the interface, the voltage change in the bridge can be observed when the beam is affected by deflection. After calibration of the system in the interface, strain and deflection can be presented according to calculations in LabVIEW. To obtain as stable and noise-free a signal as possible, the group has used both a low-pass hardware filter and a LabVIEW software filter. The signal is amplified by an OP amplifier before being fed into the DAQ card. Despite their age, the beam models could still be used and give stable signals for further treatment. The models can be used to advantage in a laboratory for students and there is a ready basis for this. The laboratory should increase the understanding of how a signal from a sensor can be amplified, filtered and further processed in this case for basic strength calculations.
Book chapters on the topic "Wire strain gauges"
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Kamal, Abhishek, Vinayak Kulkarni, and Niranjan Sahoo. "Measurement of Strain Using Strain Gauge and Piezoelectric Sensors." In Applications and Techniques for Experimental Stress Analysis, 91–101. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch006.
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Today, measurement of strain plays a crucial role in different areas of research such as manufacturing, aerospace, automotive industry, agriculture, and medical. Many researchers have used different types of strain transducers to measure strain in their relevant research fields. Strain can be measured using mainly two methods (i.e., electrical strain sensors and optical strain sensors). Electrical strain sensors consist basically of strain gauges, piezo film, etc. In electrical strain sensors, the strain gauge is one of the oldest and reliable strain sensors which are available in different types (i.e., wire strain gauge, foil strain gauge, and semiconductor strain gauge). Piezofilm is also playing an important role in the field of strain measurement due to easy availability and less cost.
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"vibrating-wire strain gauge." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1487. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_220636.
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Manning, Jane. "JOHN RITCHIE (1921–2014)Four Zhivago Songs (1977)." In Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 1, 257–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391028.003.0071.
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This chapter explores some New Zealand music from John Ritchie. Compact and tightly structured, this cycle is a model of its kind. It carries a powerfully evocative atmosphere with touching simplicity and directness. Ritchie has a gift for creating distinctive, repeated motifs that stay indelibly in the mind. He writes expertly for the voice, with arching lines in practicable spans, stretching over a wide range without strain. Vocal lines are so finely chiselled that pitches can be plotted with jewel-like precision, with time to gauge each interval cleanly in relation to the piano. The music maintains a natural fluency through changes of tempo and mood, from confiding intimacy and bitter reflection to emotional outpourings.
Conference papers on the topic "Wire strain gauges"
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Dewar, Douglas, Andy Tong, Edward McClarty, and Greg Van Boven. "Technical and Operational Guidelines When Using Strain Gauges to Monitor Pipelines in Slow Moving Landslides." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64594.
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Vibrating wire (VW) strain gauges have been used by the pipeline industry for over 50 years as part of landslide hazard management programs. This paper provides technical and operational guidelines for the use of these strain gauges based on 20 years of experience managing active but slow moving landslides. Guidelines are provided for the use of strain gauges during 1) routine monitoring 2) cut outs and 3) strain relief. Examples of expected strain gauge responses are provided along with technical considerations for interpreting data. Given the relatively small size of the gauges in relation to the length of pipeline within most landslides, techniques are provided to best locate the gauges including the use of 1) visual/on-site geotechnical assessments, 2) geotechnical monitoring technologies and 3) smart pigging technologies (caliper, IMU and axial strain technologies). Limitations, reliability, and alternatives to VW gauges are also discussed.
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Lopes, Diogo, Italo Souza, Gelson Falcao, Judimar Clevelario, and Terry Sheldrake. "Analysis of Stress Levels and Indication of Ruptures of Flexible Pipes Tensile Armor Wires During a Fatigue a Dynamic Tension to Tension Test." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83700.
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Flexible pipes are widely used in the exploration of oil at ultra-deepwater depths due to their properties of resistance to bending forces and ease of installation, compared to rigid pipe lines. For each specific service application, several tests are required to qualify the flexible pipe’s design. One of the most important is the dynamic tension to tension test, the purpose of which is to qualify the end fitting assembly procedure and evaluate the design methodology used to predict the pipe’s service life. During the development of the test, several sensors were fitted to the pipe sample to monitor the behavior of the armor wires. In order to monitor this test and identify any possible failure of the tensile armor wires, strain gauges were applied to all the wires of the external tensile armor layer in the area outside of the end fittings. Additionally, strain gauges were also applied to some of the internal and external tensile armor layer wires inside the end fittings. Other sensors, such as inclinometers and a tri-axial accelerometer were also applied to the pipe sample. Analyses of the signals from the test sample instrumentation enabled detection of rupture of the tensile armor wire while instrumentation redundancy confirmed the tensile armor wire’s failure. This paper presents the methodology used to identify the first 5 tension armor wire ruptures, which were identified by some of the sensors, i.e., the accelerometer, the inclinometer, and the strain gauges together with a comparison of the data of all the wire ruptures during the test.
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Pesek, Ludek, Ladislav Pust, Vitezslav Bula, Frantisek Vanek, and Jan Cibulka. "Investigation of Dry Friction Effect of Shroud Damping Wire on Model Test Bladed Wheel." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12851.
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This paper presents the numerical and experimental solutions of inter-slip damping of the shroud wire of the test bladed disk. The numerical approach is based on a space finite element model which presents ten blades connected by the wire in their heads. The couplings are considered to be surface-to-surface contacts with friction. The damping effect is evaluated from the free attenuation after a resonant vibration. The resonant vibration of the blades was excited by synchronic pulses of a electromagnets during the experiment. The responses of the blades were measured by strain-gauges with a slip-ring signal transmission at rotation. The calculated damping ratios of dynamic responses of the bladed wheel are in a good accordance with the experimental results.
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Wang, Chunsheng, Yifan Wu, Haipeng Si, and Lan Duan. "Acoustic emission monitoring of bridge cable wires crack propagation." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.106.
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<p>This paper introduces a method for monitoring the fatigue crack propagation rate of bridge cable wires using acoustic emission technology. Through the prefabricated damage notch, the comprehensive use of strain gauges and acoustic emission for real-time monitoring of high- strength steel wire specimens in cables，establishing the corresponding relationship between AE count rate and stress intensity factor ΔK. Based on the correlation among crack propagation rate, AE count rate and stress intensity factor range, the relationship between AE count rate and crack propagation rate is derived. The results show that the application of the acoustic emission sensor can intelligently detect the propagation state and rate of fatigue cracks on the cable wire. Acoustic emission count rate can be used to effectively monitor the fatigue crack propagation of cable high- strength steel wire, and then the damage and residual life can be evaluated and predicted.</p>
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Skarbøvik, Reidar André, Henry Piehl, Sverre Torben, Mette Lokna Nedreberg, and Vilmar Æsøy. "Experimental Investigation of Stresses in Winch Drums Subjected to Multilayer Spooling Loads From Synthetic Fibre Ropes." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95283.
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Abstract In many marine applications, modern high-performance synthetic fibre ropes have replaced, and are continuing to replace, well-known steel wire rope solutions due to the low weight of the synthetic ropes removing limitations for operations at large water depths. In some cases, replacement of steel wires with synthetic ropes has caused permanent deformations and damage to multilayer winch drums, indicating that synthetic fibre ropes can cause larger pressure on winch drums than steel wire. This paper presents the first results from a novel experimental investigation of a multilayer winch subjected to a selection of braided high-performance synthetic fibre ropes and a reference steel wire rope. The tested ropes, with nominal diameters between 12 and 20mm, are spooled at different tensile loads and with maximum number of layers in the range of 10 to 19. The experiments utilize a test rig with two winch drums, controllable spooling gear and sheaves with load cells to apply and control required load and speed during spooling. Measurements from twelve biaxial strain gauges on the inside of a thick high-strength drum are used to measure stresses in the structure. The results show that the selected fibre ropes induce considerably larger stress in the winch drum than the steel wire rope. This confirms that design of multilayer winch drums with high-performance synthetic fibre ropes requires special considerations and that the guidance for multilayer stress calculations, related to steel wire ropes, in DNV-GL-0378 “Standard for offshore and platform lifting appliances” is not applicable for synthetic fibre rope applications.
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Cauchi, Sam, Thierry Cherpillod, Don Morison, and Ed McClarty. "Fiber Optic Sensors for Monitoring Pipe Bending Due to Ground Movement." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10608.
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This paper describes an installation of fiber optic sensors designed to measure pipe bending due to ground movement at three sites on a 16” gas transmission line. The sour gas pipeline had failed in December, 2004 from excessive forces related to ground movement. As temporary mitigation the pipeline was daylighted to reduce the soil traction forces but a comprehensive monitoring program had to be developed before placing the pipeline back into conventional service. During the time when the section of pipeline was daylighted, three linear and three coiled fiber optic sensors were installed at each of three sites selected as part of a system designed to measure bending strains in the 0.01–1.0% range. The two types of sensors were placed in pairs approximately at the 12, 4, and 8 o’clock positions. Conventional vibrating wire (VW) strain gauges were also installed at the fiber optic sensor locations for comparison purposes. Slope inclinometers were installed at each of the instrumentation sites to correlate ground movement to pipe bending. Following pipeline re-coating, and back-filling, visits to the site were made at approximately monthly intervals to gather data at conveniently placed break-out boxes. The complete fiber optic sensor system functionality is described and results are presented that show how the raw strain data are transformed into bending using software that also serves as a secure database.
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Alam, Shah, and Guoqiang Li. "A Study of Hybrid Composite Sandwich Beam." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11845.
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Abstract This study presents the testing and numerical modeling results of composite sandwich beams. The sandwich beams are constructed from balsa wood in the core and high strength steel wire and E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite in the facings. The testing of these beams is performed using a monotonic static four-point loading to failure in accordance with ASTM C393-00. Local strain distribution in the mid-span of the beams is obtained using strain gauges. Mid-span deflections of the beams are real-time measured using linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT). From the experimental results, flexural properties of the beams are calculated, including bending stiffness, bending strength, core shear strength, and facing modulus, core modulus, etc. The experimental results have shown that the beams have all failed in the compression zone by local buckling of the top face and shear of the core. The bottom skin does not exhibit any type of premature failure or distress. No bond failure of the composite in the tension zone is observed in any of the tested beams. Finite element modeling of the beam has been conducted using ANSYS. The mechanical properties of the skin and core material used in finite element modeling have been determined by testing of coupons. The predicted results are compared to experimental results, with a reasonable agreement.
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Gkiolas, D., F. Mouzakis, and D. S. Mathioulakis. "Stall Flutter Measurements on a Rectangular Wing." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83162.
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The continuous development of wind turbine technology gradually leads to larger, more flexible blades with increasing aspect ratios and high tip speeds, while in everyday operation or extreme cases the blades experience stalled flow conditions. These aforementioned facts create the need for further study and physical understanding of stall induced vibrations – stall flutter. In this context an aeroelastic setup was constructed at the NTUA subsonic wind tunnel with a rigid rectangular wing (500 mm × 1400 mm) of a NACA 64-418 airfoil supported by a spring system that enables pitching and plunging motions. The elastic axis of the wing is located 35% of the chord far from the leading edge while its center of mass at 46%. Increasing the free stream velocity (up to Re = 670 000) under various initial static angles of attack, the wing was set at fluid induced oscillations (pitching and plunging). The response of the wing under these conditions was recorded employing two accelerometers and two wire sensors for both the rotational and linear wing displacements. At the same time, in the middle of the wing span thirty (30) fast responsive pressure transducers measured the pressure distribution along the chord, while strain gauges attached to the wing rotating shaft measured the applied unsteady aerodynamic loading. Based on the above simultaneously measured quantities various aspects of the aeroelastic instability of the examined wing were revealed.
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Arutunian, S. G., N. M. Dobrovolski, S. L. Egiazarian, M. R. Mailian, I. G. Sinenko, A. V. Sinjavski, and I. E. Vasiniuk. "Magnetic field distribution measurement by vibrating wire strain gauge." In Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.1999.795584.
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Yoon, Hwan-Sik, and Sanket K. Khedkar. "A Wireless Strain Sensor Using Frequency Modulation Technique." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1429.
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A compact wireless strain sensor using a Frequency Modulation (FM) technique is proposed. The sensor employs a conventional resistive strain gauge such that the resistance changes as the measured structure is mechanically strained. When the strain gauge is connected to a frequency modulation circuit, the change in the resistance appears as a frequency shift in the output signal that is transmitted wirelessly to a remote station. The received signal is then demodulated and the buried strain measurement data can be retrieved. Using this technique, a dynamic strain measurement is possible without any wire connection between the sensing point and the measurement equipment. This type of sensors have numerous applications in the strain or vibration measurement of moving or rotating structures such as fans on a turbine engine. The proposed concept of the wireless strain sensor is experimentally demonstrated by measuring vibration of a cantilevered beam with a wired transmission of the measurement data from the transmitter to the receiver.