Journal articles: 'Wire strain gauges'

1

Bakkehøi, S., K. Øien, and E. J. Førland. "An Automatic Precipitation Gauge Based on Vibrating-Wire Strain Gauges." Hydrology Research 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0015.

Full text

Abstract:

The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NGI, has recently developed and tested a new automatic precipitation gauge for rain and snow which can measure accumulated precipitation with a resolution better than 0.1 mm. The gauge, which is a direct weighing device, is based on the use of vibrating-wire strain gauges. NGI's prototype instrument has a capacity of up to 300 mm precipitation before the gauge must be emptied. A new improved version designed by Geonor has a capacity of 600 mm precipitation. A diagram showing the relationship between the automatic observations and the manual measurements is included. In the NGI prototype the precipitation container is suspended from three small steel wires, each of which is in effect the sensing element in a vibrating-wire type strain gauge. When these gauge wires are set into vibration by an electromagnetic exciter, their resonant frequency of vibration is proportional to the square of the tension in the wire. Thus change in the frequency signals is a measure of the change in tension in the wires and correspondingly a measure of the accumulative weight of precipiation in the container. The distance between the precipitaion gauge and the monitoring station can be up to one kilometre without any loss in performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Peng, Lu, Genqiang Jing, Zhu Luo, Xin Yuan, Yixu Wang, and Bing Zhang. "Temperature and Strain Correlation of Bridge Parallel Structure Based on Vibrating Wire Strain Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030658.

Full text

Abstract:

Deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. This process usually refers to the change in shape, size, and position of an object in the time and spatial domain under various loads. Under normal circumstances, during engineering construction, technicians are generally required to monitor the safe operation of structural facilities in the transportation field and the health of bridge, because monitoring in the engineering process plays an important role in construction safety. Considering the reliability risk of sensors after a long-time work period, such as signal drift, accurate measurement of strain gauges is inseparable from the value traceability system of high-precision strain gauges. In this study, two vibrating wire strain gauges with the same working principle were measured using the parallel method at similar positions. First, based on the principle of time series, the experiment used high-frequency dynamic acquisition to measure the thermometer strain of two vibrating wire strain gauges. Second, this experiment analyzed the correlation between strain and temperature measured separately. Under the condition of different prestress, this experiment studied the influencing relationship of temperature corresponding variable. In this experiment, the measurement repetitiveness was analyzed using the meteorology knowledge of single sensor data, focused on researching the influence of temperature and prestress effect on sensors by analyzing differences of their measurement results in a specified situation. Then, the reliability and stability of dynamic vibrating wire strain gauge were verified in the experiment. The final conclusion of the experiment is the actual engineering in the later stage. Onsite online meteorology in the application provides support.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ballivy, Gérard, Brahim Benmokrane, Roch Poulin, and Kaveh Saleh. "Une nouvelle technique d'inclusion pour la mesure à long terme des déformations dans des barrages en béton." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-104.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the development of a simple yet efficient technique allowing for the long-term measurements of strains and stresses in working concrete dams. The proposed technique consists of installing a cylindrical concrete inclusion instrumented with vibrating wire gauges embedded into the concrete. The 140-mm cylinder is slipped into a 152 mm diameter hole, which is drilled into the dam and then filled with cement grout. This technique, which was tested in the laboratory on instrumented concrete blocks, has shown that it is now possible to measure the deformation variations in a working dam. The inclusion can be instrumented for both bidimensional and tridimensional cases. The volume of the cylinder makes room for a sufficient number (4–8) of vibrating wire gauges. Moreover, during the drilling process, the technique of overcoring makes it possible to determine the initial total stresses. This technique can also be used to instrument heavily loaded rock structures such as mine pillars or underground gallery walls. Current observations show that this technique, contrary to plastic inclusions, can be considered appropriate for permanent structures. Key words: vibrating wire gauges, strain gauges, instrumentation, strain measurements, long term, concrete dams, rock slopes, rock pillars, mines, underground excavations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Liu, Xiao Chun, Jun Wei, and Zhen Yu Wang. "Use of Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges to Monitor Corrosion-Induced Deterioration of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.357.

Full text

Abstract:

Steel reinforcement corrosion is always one of the most significant incentives of concrete structure deterioration, especially under severe chloride erosion environment. In order to describe the whole process of concrete deterioration induced by reinforcement corrosion, the mechanism of rust expansion and crack propagation in concrete was analyzed from the perspective of elastoplastic mechanics and fracture mechanics firstly, and experimental study was carried out to use vibrating wire strain gauges for monitoring corrosion-induced concrete deterioration process. The mechanism analysis of corrosion-induced concrete deterioration indicates that the degradation process of cover concrete can be divided into aggressive medium transmission process, free corrosive expansion process, corrosive expansion stress development process, corrosive expansion crack generation and propagation process, and vibrating wire strain gauges can be used to monitor corrosion-induced cover concrete stress development, crack initiation and propagation process along with the procedure of reinforcement corrosion. The test curve seems to be generally consistent with that of the theoretic analysis, and the signals captured by vibrating wire strain gauges can successfully reflect the durability degradation process of reinforced concrete structure under severe erosion environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chen, Gang, Y. Deng, Liang Sun, and T. Xu. "A Modified Algorithm for Reducing Calculation Errors in Large Strain Measurement with Strain Gauges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (July 2008): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.261.

Full text

Abstract:

There is no simple linear relationship between strain and potential in strain measurement with strain gauges, especially for large strain measurements. In this paper, a modified algorithm was proposed to improve the accuracy of strain obtained from measured voltage. The strain was calculated from a nonlinear relationship between voltage and strain rather than a linear simplification. Moreover, the corrections for different sensitivity factors of strain gauges and lead wire resistance were considered. The proposed method was suitable for both large and small strain measurements using a quarter bridge, and validated by experimental tests. It is also very easy to be implemented as a software form and used in scientific tests and engineering applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Caliendo, Joseph A., Loren R. Anderson, Renέ F. Winward, Steve Dapp, and Samuel C. Musser. "Instrumentation for Laterally Loaded Model Piles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1548, no. 1 (January 1996): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154800110.

Full text

Abstract:

Utah State University is involved with a research project funded by the Utah Department of Transportation and the Mountain Plains Consortium. The reaction of model piles subjected to lateral loading is the subject of ongoing research. The measured response of laterally loaded model pile is compared with predicted results. The model piles are 1524 mm (60 in.) long with approximately 1219.2 mm (48 in.) embedded in a soft clay soil. The piles consist of 1-in. Schedule 40, 33.40 mm (1.315 in.) OD aluminum tubes, with a wall thickness of 8.407 mm (0.331 in.). To measure the pile response to the lateral loads, each pile is instrumented with 14 pairs of foil strain gauges mounted at 91.875mm (3.75-in.) spacings. The gauge pairs were mounted on the inside wall of the seamless tube. A special installation tool was designed and fabricated at Utah State University for this purpose. A wedge-scissors device was used to mount the gauges to the inside wall. The strain gauges (CEA-13-250UW-120) are each wired into a ¼ Wheatstone bridge circuit with a dummy temperature gauge. The 28 two-wire leads along with linear variable deformation transform leads are routed through a multiplexer to a 21X data logger. The pile calibration and load test results are discussed. The measured moments compared favorably with those predicted by LPGSTAN and COM624P.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kim, K., M. Tia, and J. Greene. "Performance Characteristics of Fiber-Optic Strain Sensors as Compared With Electrical Resistance and Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 45, no. 6 (February 3, 2017): 20160281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20160281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zuo, Jia, Jian Feng Zhang, and Shen Ke Teng. "Key Protective Techniques Study for Strain Gauges in the Oil-Water Mixture and Pressurization Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.912.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to improve the survival rate of the strain gauges in the oil-water mixture and pressurization environment in the static/fatigue test of aircraft fuel tank, some key installing and protecting techniques were researched. The protective performance of single and double covering with Different protective agents, the various treatment scopes on the specimen and different lengths of lead wire embedded in the protective coating were investigated in a fuel tank which was designed and manufactured specially for the contrast test. Several effective protective techniques are gained, and when these techniques are applied to the practice, a satisfactory survival rate of strain gauges is reached.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Quirion, Marco, and Gérard Ballivy. "Laboratory investigation on Fabry-Perot sensor and conventional extensometers for strain measurement in high performance concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-025.

Full text

Abstract:

Advances in fiber optic sensing technology have made possible the installation of an extremely precise and reliable sensor in small structural members. Because of the high sensitivity and fast response of the sensor, low strain and dynamic strain can be measured. In this study, a Fabry-Perot strain sensor was cast in a high performance concrete cylinder, which had been submitted to simple compression and thermal tests. These results were compared with measurements obtained using external linear variable differential transformers fixed on concrete samples having the same composition as the fiber optic instrumented concrete cylinder. Comparisons were also done with results from tests on concrete cylinders instrumented with embedment vibrating wire and electrical strain gauges. In addition, thermal tests were performed on the different concrete cylinders and samples in order to compare the behaviour of the different sensors in high performance concrete submitted to temperature variations. The results show that the concrete strains measured with the Fabry-Perot sensor are in agreement with strain measurements made on concrete samples. Consequently, the presence of the embedded fiber optic sensor does not influence greatly the mechanical properties of concrete. Furthermore, for high stress levels (0.4 f 'c) and rapid stress changes (0.25 MPa/s), the fiber optic sensor measures with higher accuracy the strains of high performance concrete than the vibrating wire strain gauge.Key words: high performance concrete, sensor, vibrating wire, strain, extensometer, Fabry-Perot, fiber optic, instrumentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Rui, Zhang, and Wen Liang Lu. "Experimental Study on Transversal Stress of Precast Simply Supported Box Girder during the Pre-Tensioning and Initial Tensioning Stages." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1689.

Full text

Abstract:

Experimental research was conducted on the transverse stress of 32m post-tensioned precast simply supported concrete box girder with ballastless track. Vibrating wire strain gauges were embedded in the key sections to monitor the concrete transverse strain. The concrete strain development law was analyzed. The monitored results showed that there were low transverse tensile stresses and the cracking resistance of the girder was enough during pre-tensioning stage. The research findings provided effective experimental data for design and construction quality control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Vinkler, Marek, and Jan L. Vítek. "Drying Shrinkage of Concrete: Experiments and Numerical Models." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.46.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents some results of experimental program focused on drying and shrinkage of large concrete specimens. Segments of walls with thicknesses 200, 400 and 800 mm and standard cylinders 150x300 mm were used as specimens. Each segment has embedded 4 vibrating wire strain gauges in axis plane for measurements of shrinkage strain and plastic tubes of various lengths for measurements of pore relative humidity in different depths. Relative humidity and temperature of ambient environment were not controlled, however they were recorded very closely. Measure shrinkage strains are compared with prediction based on shrinkage models. The most important predictive models are used for comparison: Model Code 2010, Eurokód 2, Model ACI 209-R92, Model B4 a Model B4s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Denkena, Berend, Benjamin Bergmann, and Björn-Holger Rahner. "Die fühlende Seilschleifmaschine/The feeling diamond wire saw – Development of a force-controlled all-electric mobile diamond wire saw." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 09 (2020): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-09-32.

Full text

Abstract:

Das mobile Seilschleifen ist ein hochflexibles und produktives Trennschleifverfahren. Nachteilig ist jedoch der Einsatz von unterschiedlichen Energieformen. Für einen rein elektrischen Betrieb fehlt das Wissen über die wirkende Seilspannung, sodass eine elektrische Kraftregelung der Seilspannung unzureichend möglich ist (Seilriss). In diesem Beitrag werden ein Ansatz zur kostengünstigen Seilkraftmessung (Dehnungsmessstreifen) und Einflüsse auf die Seilkraftmessung vorgestellt.   Mobile wire sawing is a highly flexible and productive cut-off grinding process. However, a disadvantage is the use of different forms of energy. As there is no knowledge on the wire force applied in a fully electric system, an electric force control of the wire tension can only be performed insufficently (wire break). This paper presents an approach to low-cost wire force measurement (strain gauges) and influences on wire force measurement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Utting, W. S., and N. Jones. "Axial–Torsional interactions and wire deformation in 19-wire spiral strand." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v232079.

Full text

Abstract:

Tensile tests were performed on a straight steel strand of three layer (12/6/1) construction, having a core wire diameter of 3.66 mm and 3.33 mm diameter helical wires, under conditions of full end-fixity, partial restraint, and ends free from torsional restraint. The torque generated under tensile load was recorded as well as the strand extension and rotation over a 600 mm gauge length. Wire tensions and bending moments in the outer layer of helical wires were determined at the mid-strand position from the outputs of strain gauges in groups of three with parallel grids and mounted parallel to the wire axis on the crown of each wire. The rate of strand extension under tensile load was found to be greater in tests with reduced torsional restraint, the greatest rate occurring in the free-end test. The strand rotation rate was also found to be greatest in the free-end test. The greatest difference from the theoretically predicted rates occurred in a free-end test with increasing load; predicted values of extension and rotation underestimated the test results by 12 and 23 per cent, respectively. Displacement of the load-torque plots occurred in the direction of reducing torque as testing proceeded. This appears to indicate the redistribution of the strand load between the layers of wires. Wire tensions showed a more even sharing of load in the fixed-end condition than in the free-end condition. The increase in rate of tension with strand load was less for most wires in tests with reduced torsional restraint, with the lowest tension rates developing in the free-end condition. For most wires, the rate of bending moment change with strand load was greater (in the sense tending to decrease tensile stress on wire crowns) in tests with reduced torsional restraint. However, the bending moment rates varied greatly between wires, the variation being greater in tests with reduced torsional restraint than in fixed-end tests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Varga, Jozef, Marek Sukop, Rudolf Jánoš, Mikuláš Hajduk, Peter Duchovič, and Martin Bezák. "Solutions for Measuring Weight of Bead Wires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 841 (June 2016): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.841.145.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the design options of sensing weight based on the principle of strain gauges. Measuring method is based on the measurement of deformations on the surface of the body, which is converted to the change in electrical resistance. This is an electrical resistance sensor, which consists of smaller cross-section wire of a suitable material and substrate for wire attached. Depending on what principle the sensor works, there are various types: such as bending, membrane, staple, ring and other. Moreover, the sensor can be made of different materials, most often of steel or aluminum alloy. The article describes two options of measuring the bead wires: measurement about the effector and measurement on the measuring stand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Neild, S. A., M. S. Williams, and P. D. McFadden. "Measurement of Low-Amplitude Hysteresis Behaviour of Concrete by High-Precision Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges." Key Engineering Materials 245-246 (July 2003): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.245-246.315.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Coutts, D. R., J. Wang, and J. G. Cai. "Monitoring and analysis of results for two strutted deep excavations using vibrating wire strain gauges." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 16, no. 2 (April 2001): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(01)00032-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Osborne, G. "The use of vibrating wire strain gauges for long term measurements on buried gas mains." Strain 21, no. 1 (February 1985): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1985.tb00564.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tian, Jin, Paul Croaker, Jiasheng Li, and Hongxing Hua. "Experimental and numerical studies on the flow-induced vibration of propeller blades under nonuniform inflow." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 231, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090216654306.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents the experimental and numerical studies on the flow-induced vibration of propeller blades under periodic inflows. A total of two 7-bladed highly skewed model propellers of identical geometries but different elastic characteristics were operated in four-cycle and six-cycle inflows to study the blade vibratory strain response. A total of two kinds of wire mesh wake screens located 400 mm upstream of the propeller plane were used to generate four-cycle and six-cycle inflows. A laser Doppler velocimetry system located 100 mm downstream of the wake screen plane was used to measure the axial velocity distributions produced by the wake screens. Strain gauges were bonded onto the propeller blades in different positions. Data from strain gauges quantified vibratory strain amplitudes and excitation frequencies induced by the wake screens. The propellers were accelerated through the flexible propeller’s fundamental frequency to investigate the effect of resonance on vibratory strain response. The numerical work was conducted using large eddy simulation and moving mesh technique to predict the unsteady forces acting on the propeller blade when operating in a nonuniform inflow.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ni, Yi Qing, Yong Xia, Wei Yang Liao, and Peng Zhang. "Development of a Structural Health Monitoring System for Guangzhou New TV Tower." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.414.

Full text

Abstract:

A long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) system consisting of more than 600 sensors has been designed and is being implemented by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University to the Guangzhou New TV Tower (GNTVT) of 610 m high. This monitoring system is one of few SHM practices that integrate in-construction monitoring and in-service monitoring. It is also designed to perform a special function of verifying the effectiveness of vibration control devices to be installed on the tower. The sensory system for in-construction monitoring includes a weather station, a total station, anemometers, zenithal telescopes, level sensors, theodolites, global positioning systems, vibrating wire gauges, thermometers, digital video cameras, and accelerometers (for ambient vibration monitoring at several construction stages), and the sensory system for in-service monitoring includes a weather station, anemometers, wind pressure sensors, vibrating wire gauges, thermometers, global positioning systems, digital video cameras, accelerometers, a seismograph, corrosion sensors, tiltmeters, and fiber optic sensors (for dynamic strain and temperature monitoring). The strain and temperature at the inner structure during construction are continuously monitored by a wireless data acquisition system. This paper outlines the design and implementation of this SHM system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Antonets, Ivan V., Vladimir A. Borsoev, Vera V. Borsoeva, and Ruslan A. Borisov. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMOMETRIC GAUGE CONSTRUCTIONS USING FORCE COMPENSATION OF THE ELASTIC SENSING ELEMENT DEFORMATION FROM EXTERNAL LOADS." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21, no. 6 (December 26, 2018): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-6-92-104.

Full text

Abstract:

Force-measuring equipment is widely used in all sectors of the economy, primarily in industry. Force measurement is used to determine loads affecting operation capability of various types of equipment and their components to ensure safe operation as well as during tests and research of the systems and mechanisms. The most effective are devices consisting of an elastic element and a transducer of its deformation into an electric signal. An analysis of known force-measuring devices shows that at a large range of loads the most effective form of the elastic element is the ring. As electric transducers of deformation in similar gauges, capacity, inductive, vibrating-wire and strain gauges are used. The disadvantages of existing devices are slow response, suitability for a narrow range of loads, low contact reliability, non-linearity. There are significant prospects of the circular type sensors development with optoelectronic signal transducers, which allows increasing significantly the efficiency, reliability and accuracy of force measurement. The compensation principle is supposed to be used in the dynamometric gauges where as a control input variable, a value of an elastic element deformation is used. The control algorithm of a compensation scheme of undesirable discrepancies of a control variable is made so that to reduce a deformation value to naught. Due to this fact, operation of a dynamometric gauge based on the principle of force compensation is carried out with a lot of accuracy. The construction of the gauge contains a sensing zerobody, an amplifier, feedback and a measuring device.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Vašátko, Radek, and Jan L. Vítek. "Long-Term Monitoring of Concrete Building Structure." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.160.

Full text

Abstract:

Long-term deformations of the concrete are important for determination of behavior of concrete structures. For prediction of the long-term deformations rheological models are used. The models are usually derived from measurements on laboratory specimens. There are only few measurements performed on real structures. The objective of the realized experimental program is to compare predicted values of strains and strains measured on a real structure. Vibrating wire strain gauges have been installed in two columns in underground floors of eight-storey office building. Target of this paper is evaluation of measurement from the initial period (7 to 8 months). Measured values have been compared with results of first calculations and with values measured on laboratory specimens placed at the construction site.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Yang, Yumin, and John J. Myers. "Live-Load Test Results of Missouri’s First High-Performance Concrete Superstructure Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-11.

Full text

Abstract:

For its significant economical savings and greater design flexibility, high-performance concrete (HPC) is becoming more widely used in highway bridge structures. High-performance bridges with HPC and large-diameter prestressed strands are becoming attractive to designers. Bridge A6130 is the first fully HPC superstructure bridge in Missouri. The bridge has HPC cast-in-place deck and high-strength concrete girders reinforced with 15.2-mm (0.6-in.) diameter strands. The bridge was instrumented with embedded strain gauges and thermocouples to monitor the early-age and later-age behavior of the structures from construction through service. To investigate the overall behavior of the bridge under live load, a static live-load test was developed and carried out. During the live-load test, 64 embedded vibrating wire strain gauges and 14 embedded electrical-resistance strain gauges were used to acquire the changing strain rate in the bridge caused by the varying live-load conditions. Girder deflections and rotations were also recorded with external sensors and a data acquisition system. Based on the test results, the load distribution to the girders was studied. The AASHTO specifications live-load distribution factor recommended for design was compared with the measured value and found to be overly conservative. The AASHTO load and resistance factor design live-load distribution factors recommended for design were found to be comparable to measured values. Two finite element models were developed with ANSYS and compared with measured values to investigate the continuity level of the Missouri Department of Transportation interior bent detail.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Batten, M., W. Powrie, R. Boorman, H. T. Yu, and Q. Leiper. "Use of vibrating wire strain gauges to measure loads in tubular steel props supporting deep retaining walls." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 137, no. 1 (January 1999): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gt.1999.370102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Park, Hyo, Hwan Lee, Se Choi, and Yousok Kim. "A Practical Monitoring System for the Structural Safety of Mega-Trusses Using Wireless Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges." Sensors 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2013): 17346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131217346.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kim, Hak Joon. "Investigation on the Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges for the Evaluation of Pipeline Safety in Extreme Cold Region." Journal of Engineering Geology 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.4.583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Choi, Eunsoo, Alireza Ostadrahimi, and Heejung Youn. "Analytical and experimental study of shape memory alloy reinforcement on the performance of butt-fusion welded joints in high-density polyethylene pipe." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 17 (July 21, 2020): 2029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20942583.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, a shape memory alloy wire is employed as confinement to enhance the flexural rigidity of the butt-fusion welded joints in the high-density polyethylene pipes. To this end, analytical and experimental studies are considered, when the shape memory alloy wire is wrapped around a butt-fusion joint and an internal pressure is applied to the high-density polyethylene pipe. To investigate the efficiency of shape memory alloy wire jacket on the performance of butt-fusion welded joint in high-density polyethylene pipe, two cases of perfect butt-fusion joint and imperfect butt-fusion joint are tested. The influence of the number of shape memory alloy wire jacket on the high-density polyethylene pipe joints as well as the effect of different flexural rigidities of the wire and high-density polyethylene pipe, and different diameters are evaluated. The deformation is measured using linear voltage displacement transducer and digital image correlation analysis at different location of the pipe length. In addition, radial strain of the pipes due to bulging is measured by electronic resistance strain gauges. Results show that the shape memory alloy wire jacket has a significant effect (33%) on enhancing imperfect butt-fusion welded joint of high-density polyethylene pipes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wijatmiko, Indradi, Ari Wibowo, and Christin Remayanti Nainggolan. "Characteristics of PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.1.50-56.

Full text

Abstract:

Fiber concrete containing fibrous materials is manufactured to improve the low tensile strength of concrete and its brittle properties. In this research, fiber obtained from PVC coated welded wire mesh with diameter of 1 mm was utilized. There were several variations of fiber concrete samples made. Samples were subjected to tensile and compressive strength tests. The elastic modulus was measured by using extensometer and strain-stress gauges. The results show that the incorporation of PVC coated welded wire mesh increases the tensile strength of concrete, when the percentage of the fiber is 1.5%, with the length of 3.6cm, and the interlocking of 1.2cm. However, the compressive strength is slightly reduced from the normal ones. The elastic modulus results show that the introduction of PVC coated welded wire mesh tends to reduce the flexibility, as the value reduced 15-50% as compared to the normal ones without any fiber

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Tej, Petr, Jindřich Čech, Jiří Kolísko, David Čítek, and Jan L. Vítek. "Experimental Measurements and Computer Analysis of Heat of Hydration and Shrinkage of Large-Scale Model of Reinforced Concrete Slab." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1594.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper deals with the experimental measurements and computer analysis of the development of heat of hydratation and shrinkage in a large-scale model of a reinforced concrete slab. A large-scale model was built in situ to experimentally verify the design of the reinforcement, with the aim of preventing the formation of cracks in slab. The model represents a four times four meters cut of a slab structure of a thickness of 1.6 m. Bars in the horizontal direction of the slab were extended behind the concrete body and welded to a steel frame, which simulated the anchorage of horizontal reinforcement of a continuous slab. Before casting, the reinforcement bars were fitted with vibrating wire strain gauges and with resistance gauges for monitoring the strain, as well as with temperature sensors for determining the temperature field caused by heat of hydration. According to the needs of the experiment, the structure was modelled in GiD 11.0 software and calculated in the AtenaWin program. The experimental results and the results obtained by a numerical analysis were compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Szybinski, Bogdan, and Andrzej Trojnacki. "Analytical And Numerical Solutions Of Metal High-Pressure Wave-Ring Gasket And Comparison With Experimental Results." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2015-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper deals with experimental investigations of a set of metal wave-ring gaskets of different thickness and different assembly interference. The gaskets were examined under assembly conditions, i.e. pressed in their seats with no operating pressure applied. The electric resistance wire strain gauges were used to measure the circumferential and axial strains at the inner surface of the gaskets. The traces of contact at the working surface of the gaskets were measured after disassembly the gaskets from their seats. The material tests were carried out to determine the real mechanical properties of materials applied for the gaskets and the seats. The results of experiment were verified by FEM calculations and compared with the analytical approach based on the simplified shell model proposed for the gasket.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ouaki, B., S. Goudreau, A. Cardou, and M. Fiset. "Fretting fatigue analysis of aluminium conductor wires near the suspension clamp: Metallurgical and fracture mechanics analysis." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 38, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932403321163668.

Full text

Abstract:

Fretting fatigue is the main phenomenon inducing reduction of fatigue strength in overhead transmission conductor lines which are subjected to aeolian vibrations. Using the Bersfort ACSR 48/7 conductor, fatigue tests were conducted under several traction forces and relative vibration amplitudes. By metallographic examinations it has been observed that fretting induces microcracks which are mainly located between the keeper edge (KE) and the last point of the contact (LPC) of the conductor at the mouth of the suspension clamp. Under the fatigue tests conditions, several cross-sections of wires in the external layer of the conductor were instrumented using strain gauges. Wire strains recorded near to the suspension clamp show that the alternating strains were predominantly traction strains near the KE and that bending alternating strains become significant near the LPC. On the basis of fatigue tests results and assuming some simplified hypothesis, stress intensity factors were computed at the tip of cracks. The computed stress intensity factors take into account the combined effect of fretting behaviour at the contact points and both traction and bending stresses. The computed stress intensity factor ranges for low fatigue bending vibration amplitudes show good agreement with the endurance limit of the conductor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Huang, Fu Wei, and Hai Ting Yang. "Research of Self Pre-Stress Test of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Rib." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1307.

Full text

Abstract:

Indirect test method of installing vibrating wire strain gauges as sensors in outer surface of steel tube rib is adopted to carry out the research of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) self pre-stress test for a half-through CFST arch bridge with a main span of 240m. The results show that indirect test method is a practical approach for self pre-stress test, and the measured value of self pre-stress from this method is much smaller than that of being theoretically calculated by concrete free expansion ratio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Jung, Yoo Seok, So Young Shin, Wu Guang Lin, Christopher Jabonero, and Yoon Ho Cho. "Early Age Behavior of Thin Porous Concrete Pavement for Bicycle Road due to Environmental Loading." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1981.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the growing the standard of living, bicycle interest has increased which concerns a negative effect in transportation. Although, bicycle road construction is increasing continuously, distress problem is occurred by empirical design which is conventionally used. To determine the optimum joint spacing, thin porous concrete pavement was constructed and measured with vibrating wire strain gauges. Joint spacing is varied in 1.5m, 3.0m, 6.0m intervals, with slab thickness 7cm. Early age behavior of thin porous concrete pavement is measured. As expected, more restraint occurred at the longer slabs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hu, Peng Hao, Yong Jie Li, and Qian Cheng Zhao. "Development of Micro-Force Sensor Based on 3-RRR Parallel Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.57.

Full text

Abstract:

A new style micro-force sensor based on a 3-RRR parallel micro-motion stage which had been researching recent years was introduced in this paper. The sensor can be used in micro-force and micro-torque detection in precision engineering. The result and experience from 3-RRR micro-motion stage research bring this new idea. In the first place, the branched chain structure in motion stage needs to be simplified and improved to adapt to the requirement of sensor. Secondly, a mechanics model is constructed according to the sense organ structure. The Jacobin Matrix which is the most important matrix on parallel structure is analyzed and deduced. The relationship among key dimension is worked out through isotropy parameters. With the theory analysis, the final structure of sense organ is determined. The elastomeric sensor body was pasted with electrical-resistance strain gauges, after it was manufactured by Wire-EDM. Strain gauges employed Wheatstone bridge and amplifier AD620 to produce measuring data. Experiment has indicated that the new sensor is competent for micro-force detecting in X, Y direction and micro-moment around Z direction with high stability and reliability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tej, Petr, Jindřich Čech, Jiří Kolísko, David Čítek, and Jan L. Vítek. "Experimental Measurements and Computer Analysis of Heat of Hydration and Shrinkage of Large-Scale Model of Reinforced Concrete Wall with Base." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1598.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper deals with the experimental measurements and computer analysis of the development of heat of hydration and shrinkage in a large-scale model of a reinforced concrete wall with a base slab. A large-scale model was built in situ to experimentally verify the design of the reinforcement, with the aim of preventing the formation of cracks in a long massive wall located on a base slab. The model represents a four meter cut of a long wall structure (thickness of 1.6 m) together with its base slab (thickness of 1 m). Bars in the longitudinal direction of the wall and of the base slab were extended behind the concrete body and welded to a steel frame, which simulated an anchorage of longitudinal reinforcement of a continuous wall with a base slab. Before casting, the reinforcement bars were equipped with vibrating wire strain gauges and resistance gauges for monitoring the strain, as well as with temperature sensors for determining the temperature field caused by heat of hydration. According to the needs of the experiment, the structure was modelled in GiD 11.0 software and calculated in the AtenaWin program. The results of the experiment and the numerical analysis were mutually compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Raoof, M. "Free bending fatique of axially pre-loaded spiral strands." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 27, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v273127.

Full text

Abstract:

The response of a large diameter and a multi-layered spiral strand to an applied moment is considered in some detail for a given mean axial load. Carefully conducted large-scale experiments have cast some light on an interesting phenomenon observed in previously reported bending fatigue experiments The first wire to fail was invariably the wire which entered the socket on the bending neutral axis rather than the wires in the ‘extreme fibre’ positions, as might usually be expected. Using a series of electrical resistance strain gauges placed on the individual wires at the mouth of the socket, the previously reported theoretical predictions that interwire slippage is greatest at the neutral axis (in terms of simple beam bending theory), and least at the extreme fibre positions, have been confirmed. In line with the theoretical predictions reported elsewhere, the test results show that, in general, the onset of deviations from no-slip interlayer shear interaction occurs at rather small levels of bending movements near the socket. Based on the theoretical and experimental findings, which identify interlayer fretting as the primary cause of wire fractures, a newly developed parameter capable of predicting spiral strand free bending fatigue life has been proposed. Unlike the traditional extreme fibre maximum direct stress approaches, the proposed parameter takes the interwire/interlayer fretting phenomenon into account.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Casagrande, Brunella, Fernando Saboya, Sergio Tibana, and John S. McCartney. "Mechanical response of a thermal micro-pile installed in stratified sedimentary soil." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020505007.

Full text

Abstract:

Data regarding the behavior of thermal piles in tropical countries is not as readily available as those in European or other temperate climate regions, where most applications are directed toward extracting heat from the subsurface. Similarly, a deep understanding of thermal piles constructed using the micropile technique has not been obtained. In micropiles, the installation process can disturb the surrounding soil, especially at the tip. This paper presents the results from a set of thermal response tests (TRT) performed on a 12 m-long instrumented thermal micro-pile installed in a sedimentary tropical soil. Vibrating wire strain gauges were installed in order to assess the mechanical performance of the pile when subject to thermal loads. Results indicate that the temperature distribution with depth is far from being homogeneous through the entire length of the pile. The resulting induced strains are strongly dependent on the subsoil conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Polyakov, A. L., B. V. Mogil'nyi, N. P. Klokova, M. M. Lupinskii, A. V. Ignatov, L. I. Kosov, and O. B. Lyudmirskaya. "New document of technical standards specifying the evaluation of the error of measuring deformations with wire and foil strain gauges." Measurement Techniques 30, no. 8 (August 1987): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865666.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ahangari, Kaveh, Zahra Najafi, Seyed Jamal Sheikh Zakariaee, and Alireza Arab. "Estimating Strain Changes in Concrete during Curing Using Regression and Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Construction Engineering 2013 (April 21, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/380693.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the cement hydration heat, concrete deforms during curing. These deformations may lead to cracks in the concrete. Therefore, a method which estimates the strain during curing is very valuable. In this research, two methods of multivariable regression and neural network were studied with the aim of estimating strain changes in concrete. For this purpose, laboratory cylindrical specimens were prepared under controlled situation at first and then vibration wire strain gauges equipped with thermistors were placed inside each sample to measure the deformations. Two different groups of input data were used in which variables included time, environment temperature, concrete temperature, water-to-cement ratio, aggregate content, height, and specimen diameter. CEM I, 42.5 R was utilized in set (I) and strain changes have been measured in six concrete specimens. In set (II) CEM II, 52.5 R was employed and strain changes were measured in three different specimens in which the diameter was held constant. The best multivariate regression equations calculated the determined coefficients at 0.804 and 0.82 for sets (I) and (II), whereas the artificial neural networks predicted the strain with higher of 1 and 0.996. Results show that the neural network method can be utilized as an efficient tool for estimating concrete strain during curing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zhou, Chong Yang, Jian Rong Yang, Wei Min Zhu, and Jiao Shi. "Construction Control of a Continuous Beam Arch Composite Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.35.

Full text

Abstract:

The geometric shape and internal forces were monitored during the construction of the hypostatic framework structure which is a composite system of steel beam and arch. The displace settlement was measured for the control of the geometric shape. And nine vibrating wire strain gauges were embedded on the key sections for the real time control of internal force. In order to cancel out the interference of the temperature variation effectively, displace settlement and internal forces were monitored around the clock at different time points. Then the measured values were compared with the theoretical values. Based on the measurement of temperature variation and strain, the settlement during the process of frame construction can be surely ascribed to thermal stress in the high redundancy structure. It should pay close attention to the changes in the future similar steel Beam Arch Composite Bridge construction and monitoring system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

PNG, WH, HS Lin, CH Pua, JH Lim, SK Lim, YL Lee, and FA Rahman. "Feasibility use of in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical fibre sensor in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam on curvature sensing and crack monitoring." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 5 (August 9, 2018): 1277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921718792108.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a novel study on curvature sensing and crack monitoring in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam using the packaged fibre-based in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer curvature sensor. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors which consist of two abrupt biconic tapers were fabricated and packaged into polypropylene slabs to protect the sensors under harsh condition of the real sensing environment, as the sensors were embedded into lightweight foamed concrete structural beams for field tests. Pretest characterizations of Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors based on the packaging thicknesses at different operating wavelengths (1310, 1490 and 1550 nm) were done before the field tests. Three packages with different thicknesses were prepared to justify the effect of the packaging thicknesses on the curvature sensitivity of sensors. Results showed that the Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor with a thicker bottom slab has the highest sensitivity of up to 3.53 µW m−1 which is capable of detecting a minimum curvature of 0.25 km−1 and a maximum curvature radius of up to 4 km. In the field tests, three Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors were embedded into the lightweight foamed concrete structural beams with different polypropylene percentages (0.4%, 0.25% and 0%, respectively) to characterize the sensor performance according to the concrete environments with different tensile capacities. Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor managed to hold up to a maximum loading force of 26 kN in the concrete environment before stopping functioning. Optical powers in response to the loading forces imposed to the beams were mapped to the strains measured by the lead wire alloy foil strain gauges (brand: TML, model: FLK-6-11) with a good correlation value of up to 0.968. Furthermore, the double-sided sensing property of Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors preponderates over the conventional strain gauges in detecting the internal cracking within the concretes before any earlier sighting of the macrocracks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Zhao, Lijun, Tiesheng Dou, Bingqing Cheng, Shifa Xia, Jinxin Yang, Qi Zhang, Meng Li, and Xiulin Li. "Experimental Study on the Reinforcement of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes with External Prestressed Steel Strands." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010149.

Full text

Abstract:

The prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) suffers from cracks and degrades due to the prestress loss which is induced by wire breakage. Reinforcement with external prestressed strands is an option to return the deteriorating pipe’s ability to withstand internal pressures. This reinforcement contributes to actively compensating for the prestress loss caused by broken wires at an economic price. The crack propagation in the core is constrained by the strands. Moreover, the high tensile strength of strands does not decrease with an increase in the bending angle. It is also unnecessary to dewater the pipes during construction. To evaluate the reinforcement effect, a prototype test of a PCCP was performed in an assembled apparatus. The apparatus was mainly constituted by two PCCPs whose internal diameter is 2000 mm. The status of each component of the pipe was measured by resistance strain gauges in three sections along the axial direction at inverted (360°), crown (180°), and spring-line (90°, 270°) orientations. The maximum width of the cracks in the outer concrete core at spring-line reduced from 1.2 to 0.1 mm after strengthening. The cracks of the core concrete changed slightly when the internal water pressure increased to the design pressure of 0.9 MPa. The strengthened pipe was capable of sustaining the design internal water pressure and the water tightness property was in a good state. The strains of the steel strands were all below the tensile strain level. The reinforcement of the PCCP with external prestressed steel strands is able to meet the strengthen requirement of the test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Grzymski, Filip, Tomasz Trapko, and Michał Musiał. "Practical use of distributed fibre optic sensors in research on FRCM composites." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199702019.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes research on FRCM (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) composites, which unlike commonly used FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) composites make use of a mineral matrix instead of epoxy resin, which allows to achieve much higher resistance to elevated temperatures. In the described studies, experimental measurement of deformations with the use of the DFOS (Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors) method was applied. This method allows for geometrically continuous measurement of deformations, which is its significant advantage compared to traditional electric resistance wire strain gauge, as it reduces the possibility of measuring deformations in a place where they are not representative. The tests were carried out using two reinforced concrete slab elements loaded to failure in the 4-point bending scheme. Fibre optic sensors were installed on an unstrengthened control element and on an element strengthened with FRCM composite. During the tests, deformations of the concrete under tension and the external surface of the FRCM reinforcing composite were determined. Measurements were carried out simultaneously in two manners: using the DFOS method, and strain gauges placed at the characteristic points of the element. The test results based on both methods were compared and analysed. The comparative analysis confirmed the usefulness and effectiveness of the DFOS method while measuring deformations in strengthening composites, and showed its significant advantages such as precise indication of the place of elements cracking as well as the possibility of conducting a global analysis of deformations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Doble, M. J., D. J. L. Mercer, D. T. Meldrum, and O. C. Peppe. "Wave measurements on sea ice: developments in instrumentation." Annals of Glaciology 44 (2006): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811303.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTraditional methods of measuring the propagation of waves originating from ocean swell and other sources have relied on wire strain gauges, accelerometers or tiltmeters. All methods required constant attention to keep in range, while data recovery has demanded that the instrument site be revisited. In this paper, we describe the use of ultra-sensitive tiltmeters and novel re-zeroing techniques to autonomously gather wave data from both polar regions. A key feature of our deployments has been the use of the Iridium satellite communications system as a way of ensuring continuous data recovery and remote control of the instrumentation. Currently four instruments have been successfully reporting from the Arctic Ocean for over 18 months, with two further units deployed in 2005, one in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, and one additional unit in the Arctic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hill, S. D., R. L. Elder, and A. B. McKenzie. "Application of casing treatment to an industrial axial-flow fan." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, no. 4 (June 1, 1998): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650981536754.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper deals with an experimental investigation into the influence of a vaned recess casing treatment on the performance of an industrial-type axial-flow fan with a hub-tip ratio of 0.4. The treatment has been tested in a variety of configurations relative to the fan, with an emphasis on the amount of fan blade tip exposure to the treatment. Two sets of blading, one of which is of the fully reversible type, have been investigated. Detailed flow measurements have been carried out with a slanted hot wire probe to provide an insight into the operation of the device and into the nature of the rotating stall in the solid casing configuration. Strain gauges have been employed to enable blade stresses to be recorded and an in-duct microphone to enable comparative tests on fan noise has also been used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ona, Hiroshi, Ihou Shou, and Kiyomasa Hoshi. "On Strain Distributions in the Formation of Flexible Channel Section Development of Flexible Cold Roll Forming Machine." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.137.

Full text

Abstract:

For about 70 years, cold roll forming machine has been used to make products whose cross section are uniform in the longitudinal direction. Products formed by this machine are used as construction materials, aircraft structural parts, automotive body parts, oil pipelines and so on. Research and development on production technology to make products with higher quality and higher dimensional accuracy has been carried out. Furthermore, analytical research using FEM method has been vigorously done. On the other hand, in accordance with the development of computer control system combined with CPU technology in recent years, research on development of the flexible cold roll forming machine that can form products with varying width in the longitudinal direction has been carried out in Japan and Europe (1)〜(4). The new cold roll forming machine combines the normal cold roll forming technology with computer-control technology, making it possible to form the long sized products whose cross sections vary in width. In 2011, we presented a paper that described the design method of flexible cold roll forming machine and the shape defects caused by this machine. In this paper, the behaviors of surface strains occurred in forming flexible section, which are measured by using resistance wire type strain gauges, are described from the view point of making clear the cause of occurrence of shape defect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Strzępek, Paweł, Andrzej Mamala, Małgorzata Zasadzińska, Grzegorz Kiesiewicz, and Tadeusz Antoni Knych. "Shape Analysis of the Elastic Deformation Region throughout the Axi-Symmetric Wire Drawing Process of ETP Grade Copper." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 4713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164713.

Full text

Abstract:

The wire drawing process is commonly perceived as one of the best studied metal forming processes in almost every aspect; however, when considering elastic deformation, researchers usually focus on the uniaxial tensile forces after the material exits the drawing die and not the elastic deformation region before entering the drawing die, even though it may have a significant impact on the strength parameters and the nature of metal flow inside the drawing die. The aim of this research is to theoretically and experimentally identify the deformation in the elastic region and to further link the shape of this region and the values of stress occurring in it with the geometrical parameters of the drawing process and assess its impact on its strength parameters. In order to achieve the assumed goals, numerical analyses using the finite element method and experimental research on the drawing process in laboratory conditions were carried out using Vickers hardness tests and resistance strain gauges measuring deformation in stationary and non-stationary conditions. The obtained results indicate that the shape and the extent of the region of elastic deformations generated in the material before the plastic deformation region during the drawing process depends on the applied deformation coefficient and stationarity of the process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Domalik, Daniel E., Jason F. Shura, and Daniel G. Linzell. "Design and Field Monitoring of Horizontally Curved Steel Plate Girder Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1928, no. 1 (January 2005): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192800109.

Full text

Abstract:

Bridge 207 is a two-span horizontally curved steel plate girder bridge near Port Matilda, Pennsylvania. Although the curvature is not severe, the curvature combined with the unequal span balance caused an unusual distribution of force effects in the girders. A global twisting of the superstructure was caused by the unequal vertical deflections in the two spans. The computer program BSDI-3D was used to analyze the curved superstructure. To account for the out-of-plumb condition of the girders in their final condition, additional lateral flange bending moments were calculated. The magnitude of the additional lateral moments was a function of the vertical bending moments and the degree of twist in the girder. Field monitoring of the structure is focusing on the effects of curvature during construction. This is being accomplished by developing a detailed time line of superstructure erection and deck placement and through monitoring of the bridge by using vibrating wire strain gauges and tiltmeters positioned at critical locations on the girders and cross-frames. Field data were recorded before and after critical construction events, such as girder erection, cross-frame and formwork placement, and the deck pour. This information is being used to determine the effects of curvature on the cross-frames during construction by using axial stresses and strains and on the girders by using warping stresses and strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Gallage, Chaminda, and Chamara Jayalath. "Use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to measure strains in geogrids." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212007.

Full text

Abstract:

Geosynthetics are widely used in Geotechnical Engineering to reinforce soil/gravel in pavements, retaining wall backfills, and embankments. It is important to measure strains in geogrids in the determination of their strength parameters such as tensile strength and secant stiffness, and in evaluating their performances in geogrid-reinforced structures. Strain gauges are commonly used in measuring strains in geogrids. However, it is important to verify the strains measured by strain gauges as these strains are affected by the data logging device, gauge factors, quality of bonding between grain gauge and geogrid, and temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to verify the performance of strain gauges attached to Geogrids and also to investigate the possibility of using PIV technique and GeoPIV-RG software to measure the local strains developed in a geogrid specimen under tensile testing in the laboratory. In the experimental program of this study, six composite geogrid specimens were tested for tensile strength (wide-width tensile tests) while measuring/calculating its tensile strain by using strain gauges attached to the specimens, Geo-PIV-RG analysis and crosshead movements of Instron apparatus. Good agreement between the strains obtained from strain gauges and geoPIV-RG analysis was observed for all the tests conducted. These results suggest that the PIV technique along with geoPIV-RG program can effectively be used to measure the local strain of geogrids in the laboratory tests. It was also able to verify that properly installed strain gauges are able to measure strain in the geogrids which are used in the field applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Abudayyeh, Osama Y., Joseph Barbera, Ikhlas Abdel-Qader, Hubo Cai, and Eyad Almaita. "Towards Sensor-Based Health Monitoring Systems for Bridge Decks: A Full-Depth Precast Deck Panels Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/579631.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic and variable loading conditions greatly influence the performance, durability, and safety of a bridge structure throughout its service life. Continuous monitoring can provide the basis for determining the deterioration rate and for estimating the remaining service life, thus assisting in making important decisions regarding bridge maintenance. This paper presents the design and implementation of a health monitoring system for condition assessment of full-depth precast concrete bridge deck, which was developed for the Parkview Bridge in Kalamazoo, Michigan. This system is composed of a remotely accessible on-site data acquisition system and a sensor network of vibrating wire strain gauges to monitor strain and temperature over given time increments. The system relies on the sensor network embedded in the bridge deck to gather static performance data under different loading conditions to provide condition assessment by collecting, storing, analyzing, and reporting relevant performance data over time. The paper presents a practical case study that mainly focuses on describing the initial steps in the development of the sensor network system, namely, the design (system architecture and data structures) and construction along with examples of how the data is acquired, organized, presented, and analyzed, keeping in mind that the bridge is still early in its life-cycle and has not yet experienced any structural problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ni, Yi Qing, Y. X. Xia, and Xiao Wei Ye. "Structural Health Monitoring of a Tall Building with Huge Floating Platform." Advances in Science and Technology 83 (September 2012): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.177.

Full text

Abstract:

The New Headquarters of Shenzhen Stock Exchange (NHSSE), located in Shenzhen, China, is a high-rise building with a height of 228 m. One salient feature of NHSSE is its huge floating platform. It is a steel truss structure assembled with a total of 14 steel trusses in six types. It overhangs from the main tower 36 m along the long axis and 22 m along the short axis at a height of 36 m above the ground. As a result, the huge floating platform has an overall plan dimension of 98 m × 162 m and a total height of 24 m, making it one of the largest cantilever structures in the world. In view of the uniqueness of the floating platform, a long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) system has been designed and implemented on NHSSE by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. In this monitoring system, the strain and deflection of the cantilever structure are of the utmost concern. A total of 224 vibrating-wire strain gauges have been installed to measure the strain and a novel vision-based displacement tracking system has been employed to monitor the deflection. In addition, accelerometers and a wireless sensing network (WSN) are implemented to monitor dynamic responses and modal properties of the structure. This paper reports the monitoring results of stress evolution of NHSSE during the construction process of dismantling the shoring and modal properties of NHSSE under ambient vibration environment, as well as their comparison with the prediction results through finite element analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Wire strain gauges'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles