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Raj Kumar Naik, M., and P. Samundiswary. "Survey on multi-channel schemes in wireless body area network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18795.
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The evolution and empowerment of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is achieved through the rapid advancement in the wireless communication technologies. The use of different kinds of sensors which are utilized in the health care applications for patient monitoring are helped for diagnosis of life threatening disease which can be improved by using WBAN. These wearable systems help in controlling the life of patient is as they play essential role to save patient’s life. In recent past, the system architecture is constructed for WBAN for monitoring of health care application and enhancing the technical requirements in a WBAN network. Although, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is one of the emanate technology which utilizes the patient health condition for monitoring in real time, several issues that are faced by WBAN are Quality of Service (QoS), security, data loss, authentication, channel issues and energy efficiency. Most of the WBANs utilizes wireless channel for process of communication in which these typical sensors with single transceiver device transmits the information with low power by utilizing a single channel using Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in WBAN. However, the degradation in performance of these devices is high when the sensors density is increased. The solution to overcome this performance degradation is carried out by making use of multiple channels, due to which the channels are optimally utilized and the cooperation among the sensor nodes is achieved. In this paper, the survey of different protocols used for WBAN under different channel conditions is discussed in WBANs with its merits.
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Sunil Kumar Nandal. "Network Design Issues in Wireless Body Area Network." International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT) 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46828/ijrisat.v1i1.23.
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This paper presents a survey on various aspects of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and its utility in healthcare system. Along with applications of WBAN in healthcare different areas of research with other prospective opportunities and prominent challenges are also discussed. Development in the field of wireless communication, particularly in the field of Personal Area Network and mobile networks, has lead to development of mobile healthcare system. As WBAN essentially consist of body sensors to sense various physical properties related to health. Apart from applications of WBAN, communication in WBAN and other important aspects like security, scalability are discussed. Some of the other important issues are physical and MAC layer design and network protocols being analysed.
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Qi, Xin, Kun Wang, AnPeng Huang, Haifeng Hu, and Guangjie Han. "MAC Protocol in Wireless Body Area Network for Mobile Health: A Survey and an Architecture Design." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/289404.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have become a leading solution in mobile health (mHealth). Typically, a WBAN consists of in-body or around-body sensor nodes for collecting data of physiological feature. For a WBAN to provide high throughput and low delay in an energy-efficient way, designing an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol is of paramount importance because the MAC layer coordinates nodes’ access to the shared wireless medium. To show the difference of MAC protocols between Energy-Harvesting wireless body area networks (EH-WBANs) and battery powered WBANs (BT-WBANs), this paper surveys the latest progresses in energy harvesting techniques and WBAN MAC protocol designs. Furthermore, a novel energy utility architecture is designed to enable sensor node lifetime operation in an EH-WBAN.
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Vandana. T, Santhi, and Sreenivasa Ravi. K. "A survey overview: on wireless body area network and its various applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11428.
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With the remarkable change of mobile radio communication over the past years in the wireless communication technologies, makes the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) services to be adopted by most of the people around the world. Wireless body area network is such a special purpose sensor network that was made for continues monitoring the health parameters in real time with the different wire-less sensors by implanting internally or externally of a human body. This wireless sensed information from the vital organs of the human body may be in the form of data, voice, video signals are communicated wirelessly through WBAN. This survey article presents an overview on- the WBAN communication architecture, comparison of WBAN and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), WBAN operating protocols- those are intended for short range wireless communication, and its applications in the medical and non- medical field have been out lined.
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Salayma, Marwa, Ahmed Al-Dubai, Imed Romdhani, and Youssef Nasser. "Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)." ACM Computing Surveys 50, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3041956.
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Kargar, Mohammad Javad, Samaneh Ghasemi, and Omolbanin Rahimi. "Wireless Body Area Network." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 2, no. 4 (October 2013): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2013100104.
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The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) promises a great revolution in the field of electronic health technology in the future. These types of networks are, in fact, collections of low-priced small sensors with low voltage and computational power as well as insufficient energy capacitors which are located on the human body. As the wireless body area network should send the critical information gathered from the patient's body to the physician, the hospital, or the emergency for a supervision in real time, it needs strong mechanisms to protect the security and personal limits of the patient in order to avoid damaging invasions to the system and minimize the system vulnerability. Evaluation of previous works in WBAN security show different levels of threats and security solutions must be considered in accordance with each level. This paper aims at studying current methods of the wireless body area network and considering the levels, evaluation of the security requirements and existing threats. Furthermore, the paper is an attempt to present security solutions to improve the current status of the wireless body area network.
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Sulaiman Wali, Sondous, and Mohammed Najm Abdullah. "Review of wireless body sensor networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i4.31193.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks that are applicable in various fields. WBAN gives its users access to body sensor data and resources anywhere in the world with the help of the internet. These sensors offer promising applications in areas such as real-time health monitoring, interactive gaming, and consumer electronics. WBAN does not force the patient to stay in the hospital which saves a lot of physical movement. This paper reviews a review of WBANs. We study the following: prior researches, applications and architectures of WBAN, and compression sensing techniques.
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Bradai, Nourchene, Lamia Chaari, and Lotfi Kamoun. "A Comprehensive Overview of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2011070101.
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In recent years, the wireless body area network (WBAN) has emerged as a new technology for e-healthcare applications. The WBANs promise to revolutionize health monitoring. However, this technology remains in the first stages and much research is underway. Designers of such systems face a number of challenging tasks, as they need to address conflicting requirements. This includes managing the network, the data, while maximizing the autonomy of each network node. Reducing the consumption of a node, the management of network resources and security insurance are therefore major challenges. This paper presents a survey of body area networks including the WBANs challenges and -architecture, the most important body sensor devices, as well as sensor board hardware and platforms. Further, various applications of WBANs in the medical field are discussed, as well as wireless communications standards and technologies. The newest researches related to WBANs at physical and MAC layers are presented. Finally the paper identifies data security and privacy in WBANs as well as open research issues.
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Ullah, Farman, M. Zahid Khan, Gulzar Mehmood, Muhammad Shuaib Qureshi, and Muhammad Fayaz. "Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1090131.
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In this paper, we have reviewed and presented a critical overview of “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” in the field of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition, we have theoretically analysed the importance of energy efficiency and reliability and how it affects the stability and lifetime of WBANs. WBAN is a type of wireless sensor network (WSN) that is unique, wherever energy-efficient operations are one of the prime challenges, because each sensor node operates on battery, and where an excessive amount of communication consumes more energy than perceiving. Moreover, timely and reliable data delivery is essential in all WBAN applications. Moreover, the most frequent types of energy-efficient routing protocols include crosslayer, thermal-aware, cluster-based, quality-of-service, and postural movement-based routing protocols. According to the literature review, clustering-based routing algorithms are the best choice for WBAhinwidth, and low memory WBAN, in terms of more computational overhead and complexity. Thus, the routing techniques used in WBAN should be capable of energy-efficient communication at desired reliability to ensure the improved stability period and network lifetime. Therefore, we have highlighted and critically analysed various performance issues of the existing “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” for WBANs. Furthermore, we identified and compiled a tabular representation of the reviewed solutions based on the most appropriate strategy and performance parameters for WBAN. Finally, concerning to reliability and energy efficiency in WBANs, we outlined a number of issues and challenges that needs further consideration while devising new solutions for clustered-based WBANs.
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Goyal, Reema, Nitin Mittal, Lipika Gupta, and Amit Surana. "Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Classification." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (January 17, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9229297.
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The wireless body area network (WBAN) is a branch of the wireless sensor network (WSN) intended for tracking essential patients’ physiological signals and transferring this knowledge to the coordinator. During the routing of data, WBANs encounter critical routing problems like WSNs. Moreover, the particular constraints of WBANs make it more challenging that they need to be addressed. This survey article categorizes and briefly analyzes a range of current routing methods utilized in WBANs. The routing protocol is essential to the creation of any efficient and reliable wireless body area network due to a limited size of battery in the body sensor nodes. A comparison study of numerous routing protocols has been made in this paper, which is helpful in selecting the optimal routing protocol for the application being targeted. The article describes the WBAN architecture and addresses numerous challenges in the context of successful WBAN routing. In this paper, several existing WBAN routing methods are presented which are influenced by network structure, energy, quality of service (QoS), node temperature, human position, node transmission range, and other factors. The protocols, including cross-layered, cluster-based, QoS-aware, postural movement-based, temperature-aware, postural movement-based, and routing protocols, are given in an expressive taxonomy. Different routing protocols that have already been developed for WBANs are compared with more advanced protocols. The pros and cons of each protocol are looked at based on factors like delay, packet delivery ratio, and energy use. The researchers can utilize this survey paper as a reference for studying various routing protocols particularly in the medical and healthcare systems.
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Tavera, Carlos A., Jesús H. Ortiz, Osamah I. Khalaf, Diego F. Saavedra, and Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani. "Wearable Wireless Body Area Networks for Medical Applications." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (April 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574376.
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In recent times, there has been a significant growth in networks known as the wireless body area networks (WBANs). A WBAN connects distributed nodes throughout the human body, which can be placed on the skin, under the skin, or on clothing and can use the human body’s electromagnetic waves. An approach to reduce the size of different telecommunication equipment is constantly being sought; this allows these devices to be closer to the body or even glued and embedded within the skin without making the user feel uncomfortable or posing as a danger for the user. These networks promise new medical applications; however, these are always based on the freedom of movement and the comfort they offer. Among the advantages of these networks is that they can significantly increase user’s quality of life. For example, a person can carry a WBAN with built-in sensors that calculate the user’s heart rate at any given time and send these data over the internet to user’s doctor. This study provides a systematic review of WBAN, describing the applications and trends that have been developed with this type of network and, in addition, the protocols and standards that must be considered.
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Monga, Chetna, K. Srujan Raju, P. M. Arunkumar, Ankur Singh Bist, Girish Kumar Sharma, Hashem O. Alsaab, and Baitullah Malakhil. "Secure Techniques for Channel Encryption in Wireless Body Area Network without the Certificate." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2598465.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have seen an increase in popularity in recent years. Electromagnetic waves created by the body have the capacity to connect nodes all over the epidermis and throughout the body. If the gadget does not cause discomfort or harm, it can be linked to or implanted in the body. This is something that is currently being worked on. Other factors influence an individual’s genuine mobility and the ease with which they can use something. Participating in social networks may enhance the lives of members. WBANs equipped with sensors can monitor a user’s heart rate and communicate that information to the user’s physician. WBAN has been shown to be a dependable electronic health solution. WBAN technology allows you to follow your patient’s data no matter where they are, when they are, or what they are doing. However, because it runs in an open Wi-Fi environment and can conceal users’ physiological data, it is more vulnerable to assault. To deal with resource-constrained WBAN sensors and devices, a cryptographic solution that is both very efficient and extremely secure is required. Our primary priority will be the safeguarding of the WBAN network. WBAN contains several significant security weaknesses that must be addressed immediately. WBANs might benefit from certificateless signature encryption that uses a hyperelliptic curve and works over a secure channel. We are outpaced by the opposition by 4.58 milliseconds.
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Meharouech, Amira, Jocelyne Elias, and Ahmed Mehaoua. "Moving Towards Body-to-Body Sensor Networks for Ubiquitous Applications: A Survey." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020027.
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Thanks to their arising abilities to influence the human lifestyle, along with reducing the healthcare systems’ cost, wireless body area networks (WBANs) still form a strongly growing research field. Recent advances focus on the opportunities of coexistence and communication between a group of WBANs, that will forward the sensing data, using persons as network relays, until reaching a remote analysis server or cloud servers via the Internet, forming thus a body-to-body network (BBN). Such new-style networks support a range of innovative and promising applications, including ubiquitous healthcare (U-health), interactive games, and military, to cite a few. In this paper, we first present the evolution of the single WBAN concept to the cooperative network of multiple WBANs, giving rise to the BBN concept. A synopsis of the WBAN and BBN respective standards and applications is given, and the emerging BBN challenges are highlighted. Then, we present and discuss the existing WBAN proposals, especially the candidate WBAN protocols that could be adapted and used in BBNs, focusing on four intrinsically related axes of great importance for BBN design: energy efficiency, mobility prediction, quality of service (QoS) and security. Further BBN open issues are also investigated, namely, the wireless propagation between humans carrying wearable devices, the interference, storage and privacy issues as well as the heterogeneity of BBN devices and traffic.
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Muthuvel, Somasundaram, Sivakumar Rajagopal, and Shamala K. Subramaniam. "Analysis of Security Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks in Heterogeneous Networks." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 7588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197588.
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Body Area Network (BAN) is one of the most important techniques for observing patient health in real time and identifying and analyzing diseases. For effective implementation of this technology in practice and to benefit from it, there are some key issues which are to be addressed, and among those issues, security is highly critical. WBAN will have to operate in a cooperative networking model of multiple networks such as those of homogeneous networks, for the purpose of performance and reliability, or those of heterogeneous networks, for the purpose of data transfer and processing from application point of view, with the other networks such as the networks of hospitals, clinics, medical experts, etc. and the patient himself/herself, who may be moving from one network to another. This paper brings out the issues related to security in WBAN in separate networks as well as in multiple networks. For WBAN working in a separate network, the IEEE 802.15.6 standard is considered. For WBANs working in multiple networks, especially heterogeneous networks, the security issues are considered. Considering the advancements of artificial intelligence (AI), the paper describes how AI is addressing some challenges faced by WBAN. The paper describes possible approaches which can be taken to address these issues by modeling a security mechanism using various artificial intelligence techniques. The paper proposes game theory with Stackelberg security equilibrium (GTSSE) for modeling security in heterogeneous networks in WBAN and describes the experiments conducted by the authors and the results proving the suitability of the modeling using GTSSE.
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Zou, Shihong, Yanhong Xu, Honggang Wang, Zhouzhou Li, Shanzhi Chen, and Bo Hu. "A Survey on Secure Wireless Body Area Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3721234.
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Combining tiny sensors and wireless communication technology, wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the most promising fields. Wearable and implantable sensors are utilized for collecting the physiological data to achieve continuously monitoring of people’s physical conditions. However, due to the openness of wireless environment and the significance and privacy of people’s physiological data, WBAN is vulnerable to various attacks; thus, strict security mechanisms are required to enable a secure WBAN. In this article, we mainly focus on a survey on the security issues in WBAN, including securing internal communication in WBAN and securing communication between WBAN and external users. For each part, we discuss and identify the security goals to be achieved. Meanwhile, relevant security solutions in existing research on WBAN are presented and their applicability is analyzed.
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Noor, Fazal, Turki A. Kordy, Ahmad B. Alkhodre, Oussama Benrhouma, Adnan Nadeem, and Ali Alzahrani. "Securing Wireless Body Area Network with Efficient Secure Channel Free and Anonymous Certificateless Signcryption." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5986469.
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In the last few years, the wireless body area network (WBAN) has emerged as an appealing and viable option in the e-health application domain. WBAN technology is primarily used to offer continuous screening of health data to patients, independent of their location, time, or activity. A WBAN, on the other hand, is vulnerable to different cyberattacks due to the openness of the wireless environment and the privacy of people’s physiological data. A highly efficient and secure cryptographic scheme that can fulfill the needs of resource-constrained WBAN sensors and devices is considered necessary. First, we take a look at the most up-to-date security solutions for WBANs. Then, we go through some of the underlying concerns and challenges with WBAN security. We propose a new framework called secure channel free certificateless signcryption scheme for WBANs based on a hyperelliptic curve that can meet security requirements such as confidentiality, anonymity, integrity, resistance against unauthorized users, unforgeability, public verifiability, forward secrecy, and antireplay attack, all of which can be achieved with low computation and communication costs. The computation cost of the proposed scheme is 3.36 ms, which is much better than its counterpart schemes.
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Rasool, Shaik Mahammad, Abdul Wasay Mudasser, and Shad Aqueel Ahmed Abdul Gafoor. "Energy Efficient and Quality of Service Compromise Techniques for Wireless Body Area Networks." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 5055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8563.
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In the present era the use of e-health plays a major role in the field of medical science. Today a significant attraction interest is towards Wireless Body area network (WBAN). The major challenges of Wireless Body area network (WBAN) technique are to maintain the quality service and to track the network stability for a longer time, e.g., probability of delivery, and latency. The main important issue is to maintain the energy efficiency within the formed network. Here we propose a protocol for WBANs based on MAC using the multi-dimension (MD) graph optimization to compromise the energy consumption and QoS in data transmission. In WBANs, low battery performing on-body or inculcate biomedical sensor nodes are applicable to observe and gathers the physiological signals like body temperature, blood pressure, ECG and EEG. The MAC protocol design utilizes an optimization algorithm to optimize the scheduled traffic and channel of WBAN. The proposed protocol simulation results will be better than TDMA, CA-MAC and IEEE 802.15.6 MAC in terms of energy efficiency and QoS for large network conditions.
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E. Ramya, Mrs, and Dr R. Gobinath. "Delay metric in wireless body area sensor net-works." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 8, 2018): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14208.
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Wireless Sensor Networks have the potential to greatly impact many aspects of medical care. This paper focuses on fundamental idea about the Protocols, standards, Technologies and measurements taken by the Researchers in the area of Wireless Body Area Sensor. This paper also listed various constraints in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks and noticed the best suitable techniques for analyzing the Sensor Data. The quality of service is the most fundamental characteristics of any applications like Wireless Network, Wireless Sensor Network and Wireless Body Area Network. The performance factor in WBAN still remains trivial whereas performance issues are also a great concern. This paper given the effort to analyze and present some of the protocols and technologies developed toward performance issues in WBAN.
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Ullah, Fasee, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Muhammad Qasim Jan, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Patient Data Prioritization in the Cross-Layer Designs of Wireless Body Area Network." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/516838.
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In Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), various biomedical sensors (BMSs) are deployed to monitor various vital signs of a patient for detecting the abnormality of the vital signs. These BMSs inform the medical staff in advance before the patient’s life goes into a threatening situation. In WBAN, routing layer has the same challenges as generally seen in WSN, but the unique requirements of WBANs need to be addressed by the novel routing mechanisms quite differently from the routing mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The slots allocation to emergency and nonemergency patient’s data is one of the challenging issues in IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Superframe structures. In the similar way, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 PHY layers have also unique constraints to modulate the various vital signs of patient data into continuous and discrete forms. Numerous research contributions have been made for addressing these issues of the aforementioned three layers in WBAN. Therefore, this paper presents a cross-layer design structure of WBAN with various issues and challenges. Moreover, it also presents a detail review of the existing cross-layer protocols in the WBAN domain by discussing their strengths and weaknesses.
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Xie, Zhijun, Baocheng Wang, Jiancheng Yu, Huanming Wu, Guangyan Huang, Roozbeh Zarei, and Jing He. "An Optimal Backoff Time-Based Internetwork Interference Mitigation Method in Wireless Body Area Network." Journal of Sensors 2020 (March 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4365191.
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When multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are aggregated, the overlapping region of their communications will result in internetwork interference, which could impose severe impacts on the reliability of WBAN performance. Therefore, how to mitigate the internetwork interference becomes the key problem to be solved urgently in practical applications of WBAN. However, most of the current researches on internetwork interference focus on traditional cellular networks and large-scale wireless sensor networks. In this paper, an Optimal Backoff Time Interference Mitigation Algorithm (OBTIM) is proposed. This method performs rescheduling or channel switching when the performance of the WBANs falls below tolerance, utilizing the cell neighbour list established by the beacon method. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the channel utilization and the network throughput, and in the meantime, reduces the collision probability and energy consumption, when compared with the contention-based beacon schedule scheme.
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Zhang, Li, Tian Tian Shi, and Chang Biao Xu. "Centralized Inter-Network Resource Allocation Scheme in Wireless Body Area Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.95.
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In this paper, a centralized inter-network resource allocation scheme is proposed aiming at the inter-network interference problem in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). To achieve the goal, a centralized inter-network resource allocation algorithm called CRAS is proposed. Extensive simulation results show the effectiveness of CRAS in ensuring the normal communication of WBAN users and reducing allocation failure number, comparing with RAN.
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Zong Chen, Dr Joy Iong, and Lu-Tsou Yeh. "Data Forwarding in Wireless Body Area Networks." June 2020 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2020.2.002.
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One of the most crucial application of Wireless Body Area Networks in healthcare applications is the process of monitoring human bodies and gather physiological data. Network performance degradation in the form of energy efficiency and latency are caused because of energy depletions which arises due to limited energy resource availability. The heterogeneity of body sensors will lead to variation in the rate of energy consumption. Based on this, a novel Data Forwarding Strategy is presented in this research work to enhance collaborative WBAN operations, improve network lifetime and restrict energy consumption of the sensors. In this paper, we have contributed towards reducing the size of data to be transmitted by compressed sensing and selection of relay sensor based on sampling frequency, energy levels and sensor importance. Using the proposed methodology, it is possible to improve both reliability and energy-efficiency of WBAN data transmission. moreover, it is also possible to adapt to the changing WBAN topologies when the proposed methodology is used, balancing energy efficiency and consumption.
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Chaari, Lamia, and Lotfi Kamoun. "QoS Concepts and Architecture Over Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2011100104.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) applications have emerged as one of the most recent research areas of wireless sensor networks. Lots of research is improving QoS factors in sensor networks. However, QoS requirements vary from application to application, WBAN applications are very sensitive, and QoS issues in WBAN need major concern and focus. This paper outlines the WBANs QoS requirements and factors and reviews with emphasis on their strengths some medium access mechanisms that response to some QoS challenges. Moreover, the authors have defined and specified a QWBAN MAC protocol that can allow the integration of QoS architecture over WBAN. A set of QoS modules such as admission control (CAC), bandwidth allocation and scheduling are discussed. Besides that, an integrated QoS architecture is suggested for WBAN to support healthcare applications.
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Su, Yu, Wan Lin Gao, Li Na Yu, Hui Hu, and Xuan Luo. "Wireless Body Area Network Data Storage Method Based on HBase." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2273.
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With the further development of cloud computing and wireless body area network (WBAN), uploading the massive body signs parameters to the Internet for storage in real time has become possible. For the requirement of how to store the massive WBAN data, this thesis proposes the WBAN data storage method based on HBase, and elaborates how to design the storage architecture, the storage system and data query client by using HBase, a kind of tool in Hadoop platform. The WBAN data storage method based on HBase is important to efficiently manage the massive WBAN data.
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Takabayashi, Kento, Hirokazu Tanaka, and Katsumi Sakakibara. "Performance Evaluation of an On-Body Wireless Body Network Based on an Ultra-Wideband Physical Layer under a Dynamic Channel Model." Electronics 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213491.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are attracting attention as an important technology for realizing the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In addition, ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the wireless communication technologies suitable for the IoMT and WBANs. Our previous study investigated the feasibility of WBANs utilizing UWB under ideal and static wearable WBAN channel models. The present research applies a dynamic on-body UWB channel model to a WBAN as a more realistic channel model. The feasibility of a high-reliability UWB-WBAN is demonstrated by evaluating the physical layer performance. Numerical results reveal the maximum number of retransmissions needed to achieve the desired transmission failure ratio for each link type and the corresponding energy efficiency and average number of retransmissions. These findings contribute to the realization of a highly reliable IoMT utilizing UWB-WBANs in a practical environment.
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Kim, Sungwook. "Bargaining Solution-Based Resource Allocation Scheme for Cloud-Assisted Wireless Body Area Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (February 18, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5470428.
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Wireless body area network (WBAN) is an emerging technology that has enormous potentials for continuous health monitoring of various diseases. For different medical and healthcare applications, the collected physiological data from multiple WBANs are further transmitted to the remote medical cloud servers. However, several technical issues and challenges are associated with the integration of WBANs and cloud computing services. In this study, we develop a new cloud-assisted WBAN control scheme to effectively use the limited system resource. By employing the main ideas of Generalized Gini and Choquet bargaining solutions, our approach unfolds into dual stages of bargaining processes while increasing the flexibility and adaptability. In particular, we consider the unique features of cloud-assisted WBAN applications and provide a generalized fair-efficient solution for the resource allocation problem. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that we can verify the superiority of our proposed scheme over the existing protocols. Lastly, major further challenges and future research directions about the cloud-assisted WBAN paradigm are summarized and discussed.
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Caballero, Egberto, Vinicius Ferreira, Robson Araújo Lima, Julio César Huarachi Soto, Débora Muchaluat-Saade, and Célio Albuquerque. "BNS: A Framework for Wireless Body Area Network Realistic Simulations." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165504.
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Simulation is a useful and common technique to evaluate the performance of networks when the implementation of a real scenario is not available. Specifically for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN), it is crucial to perform evaluations in environments as close as possible to the real conditions of use. To achieve that, simulations must include different protocol layers involved in WBAN and models close to reality to create realistic simulation environments for e-health applications. To satisfy these needs, this work presents the BNS framework, a flexible tool for WBAN simulations. The proposal is an extension of the Castalia framework, which includes: (1) a new wireless channel model considering real radio-propagation over the human body; (2) an updated implementation of the WBAN MAC protocol in Castalia, with functionalities and requirements in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard; (3) a new comprehensive and configurable mobility model for simulating intra-WBAN communication; (4) a temperature module based on the Pennes bioheat transfer equation, to model the temperature of a WBAN node based on the activity of the node; and (5) a Healthcare Application Layer that implements data representation and a communication protocol between Personal Health Devices (PHD) following the ISO/IEEE 11073 standard. Three use cases are presented, where WBAN scenarios are simulated and evaluated using the proposed BNS framework. Results show that BNS is a valid and flexible tool to evaluate WBAN solutions through simulation.
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Yaghoubi, Mohammad, Khandakar Ahmed, and Yuan Miao. "Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN): A Survey on Architecture, Technologies, Energy Consumption, and Security Challenges." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 11, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan11040067.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are a new advance utilized in recent years to increase the quality of human life by monitoring the conditions of patients inside and outside hospitals, the activities of athletes, military applications, and multimedia. WBANs consist of intelligent micro- or nano-sensors capable of processing and sending information to the base station (BS). Sensors embedded in the bodies of individuals can enable vital information exchange over wireless communication. Network forming of these sensors envisages long-term medical care without restricting patients’ normal daily activities as part of diagnosing or caring for a patient with a chronic illness or monitoring the patient after surgery to manage emergencies. This paper reviews WBAN, its security challenges, body sensor network architecture and functions, and communication technologies. The work reported in this paper investigates a significant security-level challenge existing in WBAN. Lastly, it highlights various mechanisms for increasing security and decreasing energy consumption.
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Rangarajan, Anuradha. "Review: Emerging Trends in Healthcare Adoption of Wireless Body Area Networks." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 50, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-50.4.264.
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Abstract Real-time personal health monitoring is gaining new ground with advances in wireless communications. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) provide a means for low-powered sensors, affixed either on the human body or in vivo, to communicate with each other and with external telecommunication networks. The healthcare benefits of WBANs include continuous monitoring of patient vitals, measuring postacute rehabilitation time, and improving quality of medical care provided in medical emergencies. This study sought to examine emerging trends in WBAN adoption in healthcare. To that end, a systematic literature survey was undertaken against the PubMed database. The search criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles that contained the keywords “wireless body area network” and “healthcare” or “wireless body area network” and “health care.” A comprehensive review of these articles was performed to identify adoption dimensions, including underlying technology framework, healthcare subdomain, and applicable lessons-learned. This article benefits healthcare technology professionals by identifying gaps in implementation of current technology and highlighting opportunities for improving products and services.
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Iyobhebhe, Matthew, Aliyu D. Usman, A. M. Tekanyi, and Ezekiel Ehimen Agbon. "Hop-Count Aware Wireless Body Area Network for Efficient Data Transmission." Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v4i1.248.
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This work focuses on the clustering in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Recently, it was found that less attention was given to Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) clustering in WBAN. Past works on LoS clustering WBAN consider the problem of enhancing the network throughput and end-to-end delay of the network. However, the problem of necessary hop count for packet transmission has not been considered. The non-consideration of necessary nodes hop count degrades the performance of cluster-based WBAN as throughput of the network is reduced in addition to high end-to-end delay. This work develops a hop count aware WBAN for enhancing the performance of body nodes called improved Dual Sink Approach using Clustering in Body Area Network (iDSCB). The simulation results depicted that the hop distance criterion of iDCSB improved the performance of WBAN in terms of end-to-end delay and throughput by 3.16% and 6.59%, respectively.
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Wang, Xintong, Guoqiang Zheng, Huahong Ma, Weiwei Bai, Honghai Wu, and Baofeng Ji. "Fuzzy Control-Based Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks." Journal of Sensors 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8830153.
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Advances in medical and communication technologies have empowered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs interconnect with miniature sensors placed on the human body to enable medical monitoring of patient health. However, the limited battery capacity, delay, and reliability of data transmission have brought challenges to the wider application of WBAN. Minimum consumption of energy and maximum satisfaction with the QoS requirements are essential design aims of the WBAN schemes. Therefore, a fuzzy control-based energy-aware routing protocol (EARP) is proposed in this paper, the proposed protocol establishes a fuzzy control model composed of remaining node energy and link quality, and the best forwarder node is determined by the processes of fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification. The simulation results showed that compared with the performance of the existing EERDT and M-TSIMPLE protocols, the proposed EARP has better performance, including extending network lifetime and improving the reliability of data transmission.
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Ren, Yongjun, Yan Leng, Fujian Zhu, Jin Wang, and Hye-Jin Kim. "Data Storage Mechanism Based on Blockchain with Privacy Protection in Wireless Body Area Network." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 25, 2019): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102395.
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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are expected to play a vital role in the field of patient-health monitoring shortly. They provide a convenient way to collect patient data, but they also bring serious problems which are mainly reflected in the safe storage of the collected data. The privacy and security of data storage in WBAN devices cannot meet the needs of WBAN users. Therefore, this paper adopts blockchain technology to store data, which improves the security of the collected data. Moreover, a storage model based on blockchain in WBAN is proposed in our solution. However, blockchain storage brings new problems, for example, that the storage space of blockchain is small, and the stored content is open to unauthorized attackers. To solve the problems above, this paper proposed a sequential aggregate signature scheme with a designated verifier (DVSSA) to ensure that the user’s data can only be viewed by the designated person and to protect the privacy of the users of WBAN. In addition, the new signature scheme can also compress the size of the blockchain storage space.
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Radhika Rani, CH, Lakku Sai Jagan, Ch Lakshmi Harika, and V. V. Durga Ravali Amara. "Light weight encryption algorithms for wireless body area networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.11754.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) emerges as a major network in today’s world. WBAN comprise of sensors used for applications like health monitoring, military, etc. These sensors are embedded within or out of the body. Security is a major factor in WBAN’s and hence it is essential to provide security for patient’s data. So we study about various encryption algorithms in this paper to provide security. The WBAN comprise of body sensors in which the energy resources are limited and since consumption of energy will be more it is essential to go for light weight algorithms to provide security and decrease energy consumption.
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Fan, Hongbin, and Yiheng Luo. "An Efficient Multi-dimensional Data Aggregation Scheme for Fog-Assisted Wireless Body Area Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012097.
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Abstract The rapid development of wireless body area network and monitoring technology has brought new opportunities for the later rehabilitation of patients. Due to the limited computing power and power of wireless body area network (WBAN) sensor nodes, combining WBAN with fog computing is one of the feasible solutions for remote monitoring. Wireless body area network can exchange medical information in real time, which is an effective way to improve medical services. The WBAN is inefficient and vulnerable to attacks, leading to leakage of user privacy information. This paper proposes an efficient data aggregation scheme for fog-assisted WBAN. The analysis shows that the scheme can resist the existing attack. The security analysis shows that the scheme meets the privacy and security requirements of data aggregation in WBAN. Compared with existing schemes, this scheme has an efficiency advantage.
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Shrivastava, Vineeta, and Mayank Namdev. "A Review on Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i11.246.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a new trend in the technology that provides remote mechanism to monitor and collect patient’s health record data using wearable sensors. It is widely recognized that a high level of system security and privacy play a key role in protecting these data when being used by the healthcare professionals and during storage to ensure that patient’s records are kept safe from intruder’s danger. It is therefore of great interest to discuss security and privacy issues in WBANs. In this paper, we reviewed WBAN communication architecture, security and privacy requirements and security threats and the primary challenges in WBANs to these systems based on the latest standards and publications. This paper also covers the state-of-art security measures and research in WBAN.
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Shrivastava, Vineeta, and Mayank Namdev. "A Review on Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i11.246.
Full textAbstract:
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a new trend in the technology that provides remote mechanism to monitor and collect patient’s health record data using wearable sensors. It is widely recognized that a high level of system security and privacy play a key role in protecting these data when being used by the healthcare professionals and during storage to ensure that patient’s records are kept safe from intruder’s danger. It is therefore of great interest to discuss security and privacy issues in WBANs. In this paper, we reviewed WBAN communication architecture, security and privacy requirements and security threats and the primary challenges in WBANs to these systems based on the latest standards and publications. This paper also covers the state-of-art security measures and research in WBAN.
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Al-Barazanchi, Israa, Haider Rasheed Abdulshaheed, and Madya Safiah Binti Sidek. "Innovative technologies of wireless sensor network: The applications of WBAN system and environment." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v1i2.69.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) has risen as a key innovation for providing real-time patient health care and diagnosing many life-threatening diseases. The principle adopted by health service providers is providing convenience for patients in need of health care, allowing them comfortable of movement and constant monitoring with a reduction in health care costs. In this study presented the basic concept and general background of the main WBAN system with applications. The current models for on-body and embedded WBANs, sensor node features, and sensor schemes for information via negation used in the WBAN.
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Chen, Yee Ming, and Yi Jen Peng. "Thermal Energy Harvesting Aware Routing for Wireless Body Area Network in Medical Healthcare System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.482.
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Extracting an electrical energy from various environmental sources, called energy harvesting (or energyscavenging), has been an issue and attracting researchers attention in energy replenish networks.Thermal energy harvesting holds a promising future for generatinga small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicatingelectronics devices. Reducing power consumption has also become a major challenge in wireless body area network (WBAN). The reliability ofthe WBAN is greatly dependent on the life span of theenergyaware routing in networks.In this paper presented a fuzzy controller for thermal energyaware routing in WBAN.The paper concludes with performance analysis of the thermal energy harvesting aware routing, comparison of fuzzy and other traditional energy management techniques,while also looking at open research areas of thermoelectric harvesting and management for wireless body area networks.
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Zhong, Lisha, Shuling He, Jinzhao Lin, Jia Wu, Xi Li, Yu Pang, and Zhangyong Li. "Technological Requirements and Challenges in Wireless Body Area Networks for Health Monitoring: A Comprehensive Survey." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093539.
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With the rapid growth in healthcare demand, an emergent, novel technology called wireless body area networks (WBANs) have become promising and have been widely used in the field of human health monitoring. A WBAN can collect human physical parameters through the medical sensors in or around the patient’s body to realize real-time continuous remote monitoring. Compared to other wireless transmission technologies, a WBAN has more stringent technical requirements and challenges in terms of power efficiency, security and privacy, quality of service and other specifications. In this paper, we review the recent WBAN medical applications, existing requirements and challenges and their solutions. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of WBANs, from the sensor technology for the collection to the wireless transmission technology for the transmission process, such as frequency bands, channel models, medium access control (MAC) and networking protocols. Then we reviewed its unique safety and energy consumption issues. In particular, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-based WBAN scheme is presented to improve its security and privacy and achieve ultra-low energy consumption.
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Ramaswamy, Sangeetha, and Usha Devi Gandhi. "Trust-Based Data Communication in Wireless Body Area Network for Healthcare Applications." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040148.
Full textAbstract:
A subset of Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is an emerging technology. WBAN is a collection of tiny pieces of wireless body sensors with small computational capability, communicating short distances using ZigBee or Bluetooth, an application mainly in the healthcare industry like remote patient monitoring. The small piece of sensor monitors health factors like body temperature, pulse rate, ECG, heart rate, etc., and communicates to the base station or central coordinator for aggregation or data computation. The final data is communicated to remote monitoring devices through the internet or cloud service providers. The main challenge for this technology is energy consumption and secure communication within the network and the possibility of attacks executed by malicious nodes, creating problems for the network. This system proposes a suitable trust model for secure communication in WBAN based on node trust and data trust. Node trust is calculated using direct trust calculation and node behaviours. The data trust is calculated using consistent data success and data aging. The performance is compared with an existing protocol like Trust Evaluation (TE)-WBAN and Body Area Network (BAN)-Trust which is not a cryptographic technique. The protocol is lightweight and has low overhead. The performance is rated best for Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, and Minimum delay. With extensive simulation on-off attacks, Selfishness attacks, sleeper attacks, and Message suppression attacks were prevented.
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El Azhari, Maryam, Nadya El Moussaid, Ahmed Toumanari, and Rachid Latif. "Equalized Energy Consumption in Wireless Body Area Networks for a Prolonged Network Lifetime." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4157858.
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The phenomenal advances in electronics contributed to a widespread use of distributed sensors in wireless communications. A set of biosensors can be deployed or implanted in the human body to form a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), where various WBAN PHY layers are utilized. The WBAN allows the measurement of physiological data, which is forwarded by the gateway to the base station for analysis purposes. The main issue in conceiving a WBAN communication mechanism is to manage the residual energy of sensors. The mobile agent system has been widely applied for surveillance applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It consists in dispatching one or more mobile agents simultaneously to collect data, while following a predetermined optimum itinerary. The continuous use of the optimal itinerary leads to a rapid depletion of sensor nodes batteries, which minimizes the network lifetime. This paper presents a new algorithm to equalize the energy consumption among sensor motes. The algorithm exploits all the available paths towards the destination and classifies them with respect to the end-to-end delay and the overall energy consumption. The proposed algorithm performs better compared to the optimal routing path. It increases the network lifetime to the maximum by postponing routing of data via the most-recently used path, and it also maintains data delivery within the delay interval threshold.
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Vikas Shinde, Shilpa, and Dr Santosh S. Sonavane. "Performance analysis of static wireless body area network for different routing protocols." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30200.
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Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a special type of wireless sensor network. It consists of sensors mounted on a human body to measure important body parameters. WBAN network uses different technologies such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6. In this paper, research outcomes focused on WBAN architecture design and performance analysis in a simulation environment for different routing protocols are done for IEEE 802.15.6. A comparative report is prepared for WBAN technology. Routing protocols are compared with each other based on energy consumption, throughput, and delay. For simulation purposes, a sensor network is designed by placing three sensors in a single hop star topology with a single central hub. The test run was successfully carried out to check the network configuration. A performance of three routing protocols for WBAN wireless technologies is investigated. These three routing protocols include AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing), DSDV (Destination Sequenced –Distance Vector routing) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). In three sets of simulation, the effect of various routing protocols on throughput, delay, and the energy consumption is calculated by increasing packet rate up to 2000 Kbps with an increment of 250 Kbps. Simulation results have shown that WBAN with AODV routing protocol is the most suitable to reduce power consumption and delay, and to increase throughput. Detailed analysis is discussed in the paper.
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Shahbazi, Zeinab, and Yung-Cheol Byun. "Towards a Secure Thermal-Energy Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Body Area Network Based on Blockchain Technology." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123604.
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The emergence of biomedical sensor devices, wireless communication, and innovation in other technologies for healthcare applications result in the evolution of a new area of research that is termed as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBAN originates from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which are used for implementing many healthcare systems integrated with networks and wireless devices to ensure remote healthcare monitoring. WBAN is a network of wearable devices implanted in or on the human body. The main aim of WBAN is to collect the human vital signs/physiological data (like ECG, body temperature, EMG, glucose level, etc.) round-the-clock from patients that demand secure, optimal and efficient routing techniques. The efficient, secure, and reliable designing of routing protocol is a difficult task in WBAN due to its diverse characteristic and restraints, such as energy consumption and temperature-rise of implanted sensors. The two significant constraints, overheating of nodes and energy efficiency must be taken into account while designing a reliable blockchain-enabled WBAN routing protocol. The purpose of this study is to achieve stability and efficiency in the routing of WBAN through managing temperature and energy limitations. Moreover, the blockchain provides security, transparency, and lightweight solution for the interoperability of physiological data with other medical personnel in the healthcare ecosystem. In this research work, the blockchain-based Adaptive Thermal-/Energy-Aware Routing (ATEAR) protocol for WBAN is proposed. Temperature rise, energy consumption, and throughput are the evaluation metrics considered to analyze the performance of ATEAR for data transmission. In contrast, transaction throughput, latency, and resource utilization are used to investigate the outcome of the blockchain system. Hyperledger Caliper, a benchmarking tool, is used to evaluate the performance of the blockchain system in terms of CPU utilization, memory, and memory utilization. The results show that by preserving residual energy and avoiding overheated nodes as forwarders, high throughput is achieved with the ultimate increase of the network lifetime. Castalia, a simulation tool, is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, and its comparison is made with Multipath Ring Routing Protocol (MRRP), thermal-aware routing algorithm (TARA), and Shortest-Hop (SHR). Evaluation results illustrate that the proposed protocol performs significantly better in balancing of temperature (to avoid damaging heat effect on the body tissues) and energy consumption (to prevent the replacement of battery and to increase the embedded sensor node life) with efficient data transmission achieving a high throughput value.
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Ventura, Jay Manalastas, Arnel Fajardo, and Ruji Medina. "Priority Based Data Transmission for WBAN." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3671. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3671-3677.
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<span>Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) or Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a growing field in healthcare applications. It enables remote monitoring of patient’s physiological data through wireless communication. It is composed of sensor network which collects physiological data from the patient. There are several issues concerning WBAN such as security, power, routing protocol to address QoS metrics (reliability, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency), etc. The focus of the study is the issue on different QoS metrics. There were several QoS aware routing protocol that has been proposed which implements multiple queues for different types of data. However, one issue on multiple queue system is starvation, end-to-end delay, and reliability. The study proposed an efficient priority queue based data transmission that improves the end-to-end delay, reliability, and queuing delay of QoS aware routing protocol.</span>
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Hayajneh, Abdullah Al, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, and Ian McAndrew. "Security of Broadcast Authentication for Cloud-Enabled Wireless Medical Sensor Devices in 5G Networks." Computer and Information Science 13, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v13n2p13.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has become one of the fastest growing technologies nowadays. There are some characteristic limitations in WBAN, especially when it comes to health-related applications that are used to monitor human bodies. To overcome and mitigate theses limitations in WBAN, cloud computing technology can be combined with the WBAN as a solution. We can classify the WBAN sensors in the cloud-based WBAN into i) nodes that monitor the human body and ii) WBAN actuators that take action upon the order commands from the medical staff. The biggest concern is the security of the medical commands to the WBAN actuators because if they are altered or tampered with, there can be serious consequences. Therefore, authentication plays an important role in securing cloud-based WBANs. In this article, we explore the security and privacy issues of Wireless Body Area Network combined with Mobile Cloud Computing (wMCC) with 5G mobile networks and investigate public-key based security solutions. At first, the paper presents a detailed description of wMCC architecture, discussing its main advantages and limitations. The main features of 5G mobile network are then presented, focusing on the advancement it may provide if integrated with wMCC systems. We further investigate the security issues of wMCC with 5G mobile networks while emphasizing the challenges that face this system in healthcare applications. The authentication techniques in wMCC are then classified and discussed with the feasibility of deploying practical solutions. Finally, we outline the main challenges and metrics of an ideal authentication protocols to be used in wMCC with 5G. The metrics are helpful for researchers in this field to evaluate, analyze, and compare the authentication protocols to decide the suitable application for each protocol.
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N.S.Kalpana, R., and Dr P.Nallathai. "Survey on Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Neural Network in WBAN." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.16731.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is the sensor network used for monitoring health information in e-health systems. WBAN is a combination of sensors used to obtain vital information from the body. It is a special type of WSN. WBAN technology should handle the data in a smart way by reacting to the monitored data and to evaluate the data. It requires fault detection and diagnosis methods for sensors used in WBAN. This paper gives a survey of different types of neural-network approaches for faults detection and diagnosis in WBAN using neural network.
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Puspitaningayu, Pradini, Arif Widodo, and Eppy Yundra. "Wireless Body Area Networks dan Pengaruhnya dalam Perkembangan Teknologi m-Health." INAJEEE : Indonesian Journal of Electrical and Eletronics Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/inajeee.v1n1.p24-30.
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Abstrak – Dunia digital kini telah sampai pada era di mana begitu banyak unsur fisik dapat terhubung dandimonitor secara jarak jauh dengan penggunaan sensor yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan komunikasinirkabel yang berbasis internet (internet of things). Pelayanan kesehatan juga tak luput dari sorotanpenggunaan IoT terutama dengan meningkatnya berbagai isu penyakit kronis yang dapat menurunkanharapan hidup manusia. Jaringan yang secara khusus menggunakan berbagai sensor yang ditempatkan padatubuh manusia ini disebut wireless body area network (WBAN). Artikel ini mengulas tentang bagaimanaperkembangan WBAN dalam menjawab berbagai kebutuhan peningkatan layanan kesehatan secarakomprehensif dan kontinyu tanpa terhalang keterbatasan jarak dan waktu antara pasien dengan paramedis.Teknologi pemantauan kesehatan yang bersifat mobile (m-Health) terus dikembangkan demi meningkatkanefektivitas dan efisiensi layanan kesehatan. Berbagai isu dan tantangan juga dikemukakan sehingga dapatmenjadi telaah referensi untuk berbagai penelitian lanjutan.Kata Kunci: WBAN, IoT, WSN, pelayanan kesehatan, jaringan sensor Abstract – The digital world has now arrived in an era where every physical thing can be remotelymonitored by using sensors connected to an internet-based wireless communication network (internetof things). Health care services is also become a concern for the development of this service especiallybecause the increasing chronic health problem which can decrease the life expectancy. The networkwhich specifically worked by a set of sensors which attached around human’s body is called wirelessbody area network (WBAN). This article is meant to discuss about the development of WBAN insolving various health care services comprehensively and continuously without any restrictions relatedto distance and time between the patient and the paramedics. Mobile health monitoring (m-Health)continues to be developed to improve the effectivity and efficiency of health care services. Issues andopen challenges are also discussed in the article as a reference for the further researches.Keywords: WBAN, IoT, WSN, health care service, sensor networks
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Jain, Seemandhar, Prarthi Jain, Prabhat K. Upadhyay, Jules M. Moualeu, and Abhishek Srivastava. "An Energy Efficient Health Monitoring Approach with Wireless Body Area Networks." ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3501773.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) comprise a network of sensors subcutaneously implanted or placed near the body surface and facilitate continuous monitoring of health parameters of a patient. Research endeavours involving WBAN are directed towards effective transmission of detected parameters to a Local Processing Unit (LPU, usually a mobile device) and analysis of the parameters at the LPU or a back-end cloud. An important concern in WBAN is the lightweight nature of WBAN nodes and the need to conserve their energy. This is especially true for subcutaneously implanted nodes that cannot be recharged or regularly replaced. Work in energy conservation is mostly aimed at optimising the routing of signals to minimise energy expended. In this article, a simple yet innovative approach to energy conservation and detection of alarming health status is proposed. Energy conservation is ensured through a two-tier approach wherein the first tier eliminates “uninteresting” health parameter readings at the site of a sensing node and prevents these from being transmitted across the WBAN to the LPU. The second tier of assessment includes a proposed anomaly detection model at the LPU that is capable of identifying anomalies from streaming health parameter readings and indicates an adverse medical condition. In addition to being able to handle streaming data, the model works within the resource-constrained environments of an LPU and eliminates the need of transmitting the data to a back-end cloud, ensuring further energy savings. The anomaly detection capability of the model is validated using data available from the critical care units of hospitals and is shown to be superior to other anomaly detection techniques.
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Muka, Romina, Sule Yildrim-Yayilgan, and Kozeta Sevrani. "Security Analysis of Wireless BAN in e-Health." Spring 2017 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2017.5.2.02.
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The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has gained popularity as a new technology for e-Health, and is considered as one of the key research areas in computer science and healthcare applications. WBAN collects patients’ data, monitors constantly their physiological parameters, using small implantable or wearable sensors, and communicates these data using wireless communication techniques in short range. WBAN is playing a huge role in improving the quality of healthcare. Still, due to sensitive and concurrent nature of e-Heath systems, current research has showed that designers must take into considerations the security and privacy protection of the data collected by a WBAN to safeguard patients from different exploits or malicious attacks, since e-Health technologies are increasingly connected to the Internet via wireless communications. In this paper we outline the most important security requirements for WBANs. Furthermore, we discuss key security threats to avoid. Finally, we conclude with a summary of security mechanisms to follow that address security and privacy concerns of WBANs, and need to be explored in an increasingly connected healthcare world.
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Zhang, Junsong, Qikun Zhang, Zhigang Li, Xianling Lu, and Yong Gan. "A Lightweight and Secure Anonymous User Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4939589.
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The recent development of wireless body area network (WBAN) technology plays a significant role in the modern healthcare system for patient health monitoring. However, owing to the open nature of the wireless channel and the sensitivity of the transmitted messages, the data security and privacy threats in WBAN have been widely discussed and must be solved. In recent years, many authentication protocols had been proposed to provide security and privacy protection in WBANs. However, many of these schemes are not computationally efficient in the authentication process. Inspired by these studies, a lightweight and secure anonymous authentication protocol is presented to provide data security and privacy for WBANs. The proposed scheme adopts a random value and hash function to provide user anonymity. Besides, the proposed protocol can provide user authentication without a trusted third party, which makes the proposed scheme have no computational bottleneck in terms of architecture. Finally, the security and performance analyses demonstrate that the proposed scheme can meet security requirements with low computational and communication costs.