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1
Persson, Karl E. "A PROTOCOL SUITE FOR WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/698.
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A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is an ad hoc network that consists of devices that surround an individual or an object. Bluetooth® technology is especially suitable for formation of WPANs due to the pervasiveness of devices with Bluetooth® chipsets, its operation in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) frequency band, and its interference resilience. Bluetooth® technology has great potential to become the de facto standard for communication between heterogeneous devices in WPANs.
The piconet, which is the basic Bluetooth® networking unit, utilizes a Master/Slave (MS) configuration that permits only a single master and up to seven active slave devices. This structure limitation prevents Bluetooth® devices from directly participating in larger Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). In order to build larger Bluetooth® topologies, called scatternets, individual piconets must be interconnected. Since each piconet has a unique frequency hopping sequence, piconet interconnections are done by allowing some nodes, called bridges, to participate in more than one piconet. These bridge nodes divide their time between piconets by switching between Frequency Hopping (FH) channels and synchronizing to the piconet's master.
In this dissertation we address scatternet formation, routing, and security to make Bluetooth® scatternet communication feasible. We define criteria for efficient scatternet topologies, describe characteristics of different scatternet topology models as well as compare and contrast their properties, classify existing scatternet formation approaches based on the aforementioned models, and propose a distributed scatternet formation algorithm that efficiently forms a scatternet topology and is resilient to node failures.
We propose a hybrid routing algorithm, using a bridge link agnostic approach, that provides on-demand discovery of destination devices by their address or by the services that devices provide to their peers, by extending the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) to scatternets.
We also propose a link level security scheme that provides secure communication between adjacent piconet masters, within what we call an Extended Scatternet Neighborhood (ESN).
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Ma, Junkang. "Ubiquitous communications for wireless personal area networks in a heterogeneous environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6497.
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The widespread use of wireless technologies has led to a tremendous development in wireless communication systems. Currently, an individual mobile user may carry multiple personal devices with multiple wireless interfaces, which can interconnect with each other to form a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) which moves with this user. These devices exist in a heterogeneous environment which is composed of various wireless networks with differing coverage and access technologies and also the topology, device conditions and wireless connections in the WPAN may be dynamically changing. Such individual mobile users require ubiquitous communications anytime, anywhere, with any device and wish content to be efficiently and continuously transferred across the various wireless networks both outside and inside WPANs, wherever they move. This thesis presents research carried out into how to implement ubiquitous communications for WPANs in such an environment. Two main issues are considered. The first is how to initiate content transfer and keep it continuous, no matter which wireless network is used as a user moves or how the WPAN changes dynamically. The second is how to implement this transfer in the most efficient way: selecting the most suitable transfer mode for a WPAN according to the user’s and application’s requirements. User-centric (personal-area-centric) and contentcentric mechanisms are proposed in this thesis to address these issues. A scheme based on a Personal Distributed Environment (PDE) concept and designed as a logical user-based management entity is presented. This is based on three mechanisms which are proposed to overcome the technical problems in practical scenarios, which cannot be solved by existing approaches. A novel mechanism is proposed to combine local direct and global mobile communications, in order to implement ubiquitous communications in both infrastructure-less and infrastructurebased networks. This enables an individual user’s ubiquitous communications to be initiated in an infrastructure-less network environment and kept continuous when they move across infrastructure-based networks. Its advantages are evaluated by a performance analysis model and compared to existing solutions and verified by experiments. A cooperation and management scheme is also proposed for dynamic changes of multiple mobile routers and flexible switching of personal device roles in a WPAN while keeping ongoing ubiquitous communications continuous. This adopts a novel view of WPANs which solves the addressing problems caused by changes of mobile routers and makes these transparent to personal devices in the WPAN and external content sources. It provides an efficient method for changing the mobile router of a single WPAN or a WPAN merging with another moving network. Its benefits are demonstrated through performance analysis models. Finally, a novel user-centric and contentcentric mechanism for decision making, to select the most appropriate mobile router in a dynamically changing WPAN environment is proposed. This selects the most suitable content transfer mode for the WPAN to fulfil an individual user’s various requirements. It has different strategies to suit various types of applications. Selection results are demonstrated to verify the proposed mechanism in multiple scenarios of changing user requirements, applications and WPAN conditions.
3
Alberts, Marthinus. "Analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4a ultra wideband physical layer through wireless sensor network simulations in OMNET++." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23103.
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Wireless Sensor Networks are the main representative of pervasive computing in large-scale physical environments. These networks consist of a large number of small, wireless devices embedded in the physical world to be used for surveillance, environmental monitoring or other data capture, processing and transfer applications. Ultra wideband has emerged as one of the newest and most promising concepts for wireless technology. Considering all its advantages it seems a likely communication technology candidate for future wireless sensor networks. This paper considers the viability of ultra wideband technology in wireless sensor networks by employing an IEEE 802.15.4a low-rate ultra wideband physical layer model in the OMNET++ simulation environment. An elaborate investigation into the inner workings of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB physical layer is performed. Simulation experiments are used to provide a detailed analysis of the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB physical layer over several communication distances. A proposal for a cognitive, adaptive communication approach to optimize for speed and distance is also presented. AFRIKAANS : Draadlose Sensor Netwerke is die hoof verteenwoordiger vir deurdringende rekenarisering in groot skaal fisiese omgewings. Hierdie tipe netwerke bestaan uit ’n groot aantal klein, draadlose apparate wat in die fisiese wêreld ingesluit word vir die doel van bewaking, omgewings monitering en vele ander data opvang, verwerk en oordrag applikasies. Ultra wyeband het opgestaan as een van die nuutste en mees belowend konsepte vir draadlose kommunikasie tegnologie. As al die voordele van dié kommunikasie tegnologie in ag geneem word, blyk dit om ’n baie goeie kandidaat te wees vir gebruik in toekomstige draadlose sensor netwerke. Hierdie verhandeling oorweeg die vatbaarheid van die gebruik van die ultra wyeband tegnologie in draadlose sensor netwerke deur ’n IEEE 802.15.4a lae-tempo ultra wyeband fisiese laag model in die OMNET++ simulasie omgewing toe te pas. ’n Breedvoerige ondersoek word geloots om die fyn binneste werking van die IEEE 802.15.4a UWB fisiese laag te verstaan. Simulasie eksperimente word gebruik om ’n meer gedetaileerde analiese omtrent die werkverrigting van die IEEE 802.15.4a UWB fisiese laag te verkry oor verskillende kommunikasie afstande. ’n Voorstel vir ’n omgewings bewuste, aanpasbare kommunikasie tegniek word bespreek met die doel om die spoed en afstand van kommunikasie te optimiseer.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
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Vokál, Martin. "Principy zabezpečení bezdrátových standardů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412795.
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Computer networks are in the scope of the IEEE organization normalized by the 802 board which currently comprises six working groups for wireless communications. IEEE 802.11 for wireless local area networks, IEEE 802.15 for wireless personal area networks, IEEE 802.16 for wireless metropolitan area networks, IEEE 802.20 for mobile broadband wireless access, IEEE 802.21 for media independent handover and IEEE 802.22 for wireless regional area networks. This master's thesis focuses on a security analysis of particular standards, describes threats, vulnerabilities, current security measures and mutually compares wireless specifications from a security point of view. The conclusion is devoted to overall evaluation of the project, to its contributions, possible enhancements and continuation in the form of consequential studies.
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Adam, M. "The use of multiple antenna techniques for UWB wireless personal area networks (UWB-MIMO WPANS)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34326/.
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The research activities over the three years were presented in this thesis. The work centred on the use of multiple spatial elements for Ultra wide band wireless system in order to increase the throughput, and for wireless range requirement applications, increases the coverage area. The challenges and problems of this type of implementation are identified and analysed when considered at the physical layer. The study presents a model design that integrates the multiple antenna configurations on the short range wireless communication systems. As the demand for capacity increases in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN); to address this issue, the framework of the Wi-Media Ultra Wide Band (UWB) standard has been implemented in many WPAN systems. However, challenging issues still remain in terms of increasing throughput, as well as extending cellular coverage range. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is a well-established antenna technology that can increase system capacity and extend the link coverage area for wireless communication systems. The work started by carrying out an investigation into integrated MIMO technology for WPANs based on the Wi-Media framework using Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM). It considered an extensive review of applicable research, the potential problems posed by some approaches and some novel approaches to resolve these issues. The proposed ECMA-368 standard was considered, and a UWB system with a multiple antenna configuration was undertaken as a basis for the analysis. A novel scheme incorporating Dual Circular 32 - QAM was proposed for MB-OFDM based systems in order to enhance overall throughput, and could be modified to increase the coverage area at compromise of the data rate. The scheme was incorporated into a spatial multiplexing model with measured computational complexity and practical design issues. This way the capacity could be increased to twice the theoretical levels, which could pay the way to high speed multi-media wireless indoor communication between devices. Furthermore, the range of the indoor wireless network could be increased in practical wireless sensor networks. The inherent presence of spatial and frequency diversity that is associated with this multiple radiators configuration enlarge the signal space, by introducing additional degrees of freedom that provide a linear increase in the system capacity, for the same available spectrum. By incorporating the spatial elements with a Dual Circular modulation that is specified within the standard, it can be shown that a substantial gain in spectral efficiency could be possible. A performance analysis of this system and the use of spatial multiplexing for potential data rates above Gigabit per second transmission were considered. In this work, a model design was constructed that increases the throughput of indoor wireless network systems with the use of dual radiating elements at the both transmitter and receiver. A simulation model had been developed that encapsulate the proposed design. Tests were carried out which investigate the performance characteristics of various spatial and modulation proposals and identifies the challenges surrounding their deployments. Results analysis based on various simulation tests including the IEEE802.15.3a UWB channel model had shown a lower error rate performance in the implementation of the model. The proposed model can be integrated in commercial indoor wireless networks and devices with relatively low implementation cost. Further, the design used in future work to address the current challenges in this field and provides a framework for future systems development.
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Wahab, Junaid, and Zubair Ali. "Improved Energy Modelling of Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2615.
Full textAbstract:
Wireless sensors networks are used in a variety of environments ranging from environment
monitoring such as humidity and temperature, to environments like patient monitoring, habitat
monitoring etc. Sometimes sensors are deployed in inaccessible or hazardous places, and they
are battery operated; recharging or changing the sensor’s battery is almost impossible.
In such scenarios, where the battery can not be recharged or changed, it is crucial to know in
advance how long the battery will last so that the old sensor node can be replaced by a new
one. Normally, in order to effectively utilize the battery the components of a wireless sensor
node are turned off when not needed.
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the importance of switching sensor node
components, and its impact on the life time prediction. A new energy model is presented
which caters for the current and time consumed in switching from one mode to another. A
comparison is made between scenarios where current consumption while switching is catered
with the one where it is not catered. This was achieved by using on chip fuel gauge, with
some limitation, which was verified by using digital multimeter.
7
Prokić, Miloš. "Low-rate wireless personal area network coordinator design and implementation." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99009.
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This thesis presents low-rate personal area network coordinator design and implementation on both hardware and software fronts.It portrays integration techniques used to enhance the existing wireless sensor network infrastructure previously developed by the Microelectronics research group. The infrastructure was made for data collection and sharing during educational conferences and alike gatherings. The system is designed to be flexible and rapidly reprogrammable, while keeping low-power and low-cost as the primary design objectives.
Augmenting the hardware is the wireless network protocol specifically conceived for low-power and low-rate applications - IEEE 802.15.4. Both application and implementation aspects were covered in order to produce a portable and expandable embedded software design.
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Sulaiman, Thafer. "Improvement of High Rate Wireless Personal Area Network Protocol (IEEE 802.15.3)." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485724.
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The IEEE 802.15.3 is a High Rate (HR) Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard, which is standardised by IEEE in 2003. This standard is· MACIPHY specifications for wireless connections ofpersonal devices. This thesis proposes enhancements for the HR WPAN standard including the Piconet Coordinator (PNC) selection criteria and power management. The following topics have been studied, analysed, simulated and presented in this thesis: 1. Piconet Coordinator Selection Criteria 2. User Centricity in WPAN using the Personal Identification Device (PID) 3. User Detection (using the PID) 4. WPAN Routing Due to the vital functionality of the PNC in the WPAN, the most capable device in the WPAN is selected as the PNC. The original WPAN standard has presented a set of PNC criteria based on the PNC candidate potential capabilities such as the maximum transmitter power and the maximum association requests the device can handle. The proposed criteria are based on the actual PNC capabilities such as the number of devices directly connected to the PNC candidate. The proposed criteria extension field is designed and integrated within the standard model. The simulation results have proven that the WPAN functionality is improved when the proposed PNC criteria are applied compared to the original criteria. The concepts of user-centricity and user detection have been introduced to the WPAN in order to improve the network friendly-use and to enhance the standard security and data protection. According to the proposed PID design, the network detects the user vicinity and is activated automatically accordingly. The network activity is based on the user location and it follows the nearest device used by the network owner. This is a new feature that is added to the original WPAN standard. Finally, the WPAN routing issue has been studied and analysed. Mathematical model has been designed and analysed for piconet coverage. Accordingly, a new routing approach has been proposed based on the PNC enhancement for routing information.
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Wåhslén, Jonas, Ibrahim Orhan, Dennis Sturm, and Thomas Lindh. "Performance Evaluation of Time Syncrhonization and Clock Drift Compensation in Wireless Personal Area Network." KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123218.
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Efficient algorithms for time synchronization, including compensation for clock drift, are essential in order to obtain reliable fusion of data samples from multiple wireless sensor nodes. This paper evaluates the performance of algorithms based on three different approaches; one that synchronizes the local clocks on the sensor nodes, and a second that uses a single clock on the receiving node (e.g. a mobile phone), and a third that uses broadcast messages. The performances of the synchronization algorithms are evaluated in wireless personal area networks, especially Bluetooth piconets and ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 networks. A new approach for compensation of clock drift and a realtime implementation of single node synchronization from the mobile phone are presented and tested. Finally, applications of data fusion and time synchronization are shown in two different use cases; a kayaking sports case, and monitoring of heart and respiration of prematurely born infants.QC 20130605
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CORDEIRO, CARLOS DE MORAIS. "MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL PROTOCOLS AND ROUTING STRATEGIES FOR WIRELESS LOCAL AND PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1070579302.
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Mackie, David Sean. "Extending the reach of personal area networks by transporting Bluetooth communications over IP networks." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006551.
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This thesis presents an investigation of how to extend the reach of a Bluetooth personal area network by introducing the concept of Bluetooth Hotspots. Currently two Bluetooth devices cannot communicate with each other unless they are within radio range, since Bluetooth is designed as a cable-replacement technology for wireless communications over short ranges. An investigation was done into the feasibility of creating Bluetooth hotspots that allow distant Bluetooth devices to communicate with each other by transporting their communications between these hotspots via an alternative network infrastructure such as an IP network. Two approaches were investigated, masquerading of remote devices by the local hotspot to allow seamless communications and proxying services on remote devices by providing them on a local hotspot using a distributed service discovery database. The latter approach was used to develop applications capable of transporting Bluetooth’s RFCOMM and L2CAP protocols. Quantitative tests were performed to establish the throughput performance and latency of these transport applications. Furthermore, a number of selected Bluetooth services were tested which lead us to conclude that most data-based protocols can be transported by the system.
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Niemelä, V. (Ville). "Evaluations and analysis of IR-UWB receivers for personal medical communications." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215037.
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Abstract Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology, due to its baseband signaling, potentially offers a low cost, low complexity and low power consumption option for different short range sensor network applications. These sensor networks can be applied to many kinds of future implementations, including the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In the medical and healthcare context, the term wireless body area network (WBAN) is often used, but, as mentioned, the wireless technology itself can be applied to any kind of body, e.g., to car or robot body networks. This thesis studies IR-UWB receivers’ performances in different hospital environment channel models by means of computer simulation. The main focus is on receivers that are capable of detecting the signals specified either in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 or in the IEEE 802.15.6-2012 standards. The used channel models from two independent research groups include both on-body to on-body and on-body to off-body scenarios in different hospital environments. The evaluations and comparisons of various receivers include energy detector (ED) and rake receivers, the latter with both selective- and partial-rake structures. One of the studied receiver structures is further analyzed as it was noticed that the simulation results did not correspond to the assumed theoretical bit error probability (BEP) curves. Along the standards based studies, some modifications are also suggested for the two existing IR-UWB standards for increased compatibility and improved performance. One of the propositions resulted a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent application. Additionally, an extensive survey is provided offering a compilation which includes presentations of IR-UWB research by other researchers, existing standards’ IR-UWB physical layer (PHY) specifications and the main global regulations concerning UWBTiivistelmä Erittäin laajakaistainen impulssiradioteknologia (IR-UWB) tarjoaa potentiaalisen vaihtoehdon yksinkertaisille, edullisille ja matalan tehonkulutuksen omaaville lähetin-vastaanotin-ratkaisuille, jotka soveltuvat lyhyen kantaman sensoriverkkoihin. Nämä sensoriverkot ovat monikäyttöisiä soveltuen esimerkiksi tulevaisuuden esineiden internetin (IoT) tiedonsiirtoratkaisuiksi. Esimerkiksi sairaanhoidon ja terveydenhuollon asiayhteyksissä käytetään monesti termiä langaton kehoverkko (WBAN), joka voidaan asentaa monenlaisiin eri sovelluskohteisiin kuten autoon tai vaikkapa robotin "keholle". Tässä väitöskirjassa on tutkittu tietokonesimulaatioiden avulla erilaisten IR-UWB vastaanotinrakenteiden suorituskykyä sairaalaympäristöä mallintavissa radiokanavissa. Tutkimuksen painopiste on vastaanottimissa, jotka kykenevät vastaanottamaan joko IEEE 802.15.4-2015- tai IEEE 802.15.6-2012-standardeissa määritellyn signaalin. Sairaalaympäristöä mallintavat radiokanavat perustuvat kahden toisistaan riippumattoman tutkijaryhmän mallinnuksiin, jotka sisältävät sekä keholta-keholle että keholta-kehon ulkopuolelle -radiokanavamallit. Energiailmaisin (ED) ja erilaiset harava-vastaanottimet ovat niitä vastaanotinrakenteita, joita tähän väitöskirjaan kuuluvissa artikkeleissa on arvioitu ja vertailtu. Yhtä vastaanotinrakennetta on myös analysoitu tarkemmin, kun havaittiin, etteivät kyseistä rakennetta koskevat simulaatiotulokset vastanneet oletettuja teoreettisia bittivirhetodennäköisyyksiä. Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin lisäksi olemassa olevien standardien ratkaisuihin liittyviä parannusehdotuksia, joita esitettiin muutamissa tähän väitöskirjaan sisällytetyissä artikkeleissa. Yhdestä ehdotuksesta tehtiin myös PCT-sopimuksen alainen patentointihakemus. Lisäksi yhdessä tähän väitöskirjaan sisällytetyssä artikkelissa on paitsi laaja kirjallisuuskatsaus sisältäen katsauksen muiden tekemiin IR-UWB- tutkimuksiin, myös olemassa olevien standardien fyysisten kerroksien määritykset koskien IR-UWB-teknologiaa ja tärkeimmät maailmanlaajuiset UWB-tekniikkaa koskevat signaalin tehotiheysmääräykset
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OLIVEIRA, Loreno Feitosa de. "Um protocolo para gerência de Handoff em redes pessoais sem fio para aplicações de tempo real." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2007. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1313.
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Redes pessoais sem fio, WPANs (WirelessPersonalAreaNetworks), são redes de curto alcance, em torno de 10 m, cujo centro é o usuário. O cenário de uso geral é aquele onde dispositivos dentro da área de cobertura da WPAN comunicam-se diretamente entre si ou com recursos do mundo exterior (recursos fora da WPAN) através de pontos de acesso que ofereçam esse tipo de encaminhamento de dados. WPANs vêm ganhando atenção nos últimos anos principalmente devido ao surgimento de novas tecnologias de transmissão sem fio que viabilizam este tipo de rede, particularmente Bluetooth. De fato, o desenvolvimento das WPANs confunde-se com o desenvolvimento do Bluetooth, que tem sido usado como ponto de partida em diversos estudos e protótipos nesta área. Sendo a mobilidade de usuários a principal característica das WPANs, um número de questões surge quando se pensa no desenvolvimento de aplicações direcionadas para esse novo paradigma. Uma das principais se refere à gerência de handoff. Handoff é o processo pelo qual conexões, rotas de dados, e estados associados à provisão de algum serviço são transferidos entre pontos de acesso à medida que o usuário se move entre suas áreas de cobertura. Apesar de seu alinhamento com o modelo de rede das WPANs, Bluetooth não possui facilidades para o gerenciamento de handoffs além de suas operações padrão para localização e conexão com dispositivos próximos; inquiry e paging respectivamente. Adicionalmente, o tráfego de dados dessas operações pela interface Bluetooth possui prioridade sobre o tráfego de dados das aplicações do usuário. Essa característica possui especial impacto sobre um tipo particular de aplicações: aquelas que demandam transferências de dados em tempo-real, como aplicações de streaming. Ao tornar o canal sem fio indisponível para o tráfego de dados, seja pela temporária perda total de conexão com pontos de acesso durante handoffs ou por preempção da interface para as operações citadas, aplicações de tempo-real têm seus desempenhos comprometidos devido à quebra de requisitos temporais associados às suas trocas de dados. Nesse contexto, neste trabalho é proposto um protocolo para gerência dehandoffs em WPANs Bluetooth. O protocolo apresentado é voltado para o uso com aplicações que demandam transferências de dados em tempo-real, sendo demonstrada nesse trabalho sua adequação para esse tipo de aplicação. O protocolo apresentado foi projetado levando-se em consideração as limitações dos potenciais dispositivos clientes (pequenos dispositivos móveis com pouco poder de processamento, pouca memória, largura de banda restrita, etc). Assim, são transferidas para os pontos de acesso todas as atividades relativas às transições entre pontos de acesso dos dispositivos móveis. O protocolo apresentado descarta ainda a necessidade de sinalizações ou quaisquer outras trocas de mensagens entre dispositivos móveis e pontos de acesso durante os handoffs. Por utilizar apenas operações padronizadas do Bluetooth, viabiliza-se seu uso junto com qualquer dispositivo programável equipado com interface Bluetooth de acordo com a especificação, sendo portanto dispensada a necessidade de, por exemplo, modificar a pilha Bluetooth dos dispositivos.
Wireless personal area networks (WPANs), are a mobile short range wireless network, with typical range of 10 meters, where the user is the center. The general usage scenario is where devices within the WPANs range communicate directly to each other or with resources from the external world (outside the WPAN) through access points which offer routing service. WPANs have been gaining attention over the last few years mainly due the emergence and popularization of novel wireless communication technologies that enable this kind of network, notably Bluetooth. In fact, the development of WPANs is closely related to the development of Bluetooth, which has been used as starting point to several studies and prototypes in this field. As the user mobility is the main feature of WPANs, a number of questions arise when developing applications targeted to this new paradigm. One of the most important refers to the handoff management. Handoff is the process through which network connections, routes, and states associated to services in course are seamlessly transferred between access points as the user moves through their coverage areas. Despite its alignment with the WPAN's network model, Bluetooth has no facilities for aiding the management of handoffs besides its standard operations for querying nearby devices and connect to them, inquiry and paging respectively. Moreover, the data traffic of these operations has priority over user applications' data traffic. This property has special impact for a particular kind of application: those that require real-time data transfer, such as streaming applications. When the wireless channel is unavailable for data transfers, with temporary connection loss with access points during handoffs, or interface preemption for the inquiry and paging operations, real-time applications have their performance compromised in consequence of violation of temporal requirements. In this work, a protocol for managing handoffs in Bluetooth-based WPANs is presented. The protocol is focused on the use of applications that demand real-time data transfers. The adequacy of the protocol to this kind of application is analyzed through a case study for an audio streaming application. The protocol is designed focusing on the limitations of potential client devices (small portable devices with limited computational power, memory, bandwidth, battery life, etc). Therefore, all the handoff management operations are transferred to access points. There is no need of signaling or any other kind of coordination or message exchange between access points and mobile devices during handoffs. Due to the use of standardized Bluetooth operations, any programmable device with a standard complaint Bluetooth interface can be used without changes on any underlying software layer, such as the Bluetooth stack. It is also presented a formal modelling and validation of the protocol to ensure it behaves according to its specification. The formal model is important to understand the protocol, unanbiguous documentation, and to easy the validation of changes and extension by automatic simulation and proof of properties.
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Zhang, Xin. "Network Formation and Routing for Multi-hop Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11470.
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An energy-aware on-demand Bluetooth scatternet formation and routing protocol taking into
account network architecture and traffic pattern is proposed. The scatternet formation protocol is able to cope with multiple sources initiating
traffic simultaneously as well as prolong network lifetime. A modified Inquiry scheme using extended ID packet is introduced for fast device discovery and power efficient propagation of route request messages with low delay. A mechanism employing POLL packets in Page processes is proposed to transfer scatternet formation and route reply information without extra overhead. In addition, the energy aware forwarding nodes selection scheme is based on local information and results in more uniform network resource utilization and improved network lifetime. Simulation results show that this protocol can provide scatternet formation
with reasonable delay and with good load balance which results in prolonged network lifetime for Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks.
In this research, a metric-based scatternet formation algorithm for the Bluetooth-based sensor motes is presented. It optimizes the Bluetooth network formation from the hop distance
and link quality perspectives. In addition, a smart repair mechanism is proposed to deal with link/node failure and recover the network connectivity promptly with low overhead. The experiments with the Intel Mote platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimizations.
This research also investigates the scalability of ad hoc routing protocols in very large-scale wireless ad hoc networks. A comprehensive
simulation study is conducted of the performance of an on-demand routing protocol on a very large-scale, with as many as 50,000 nodes in the network. The scalability analysis is addressed based on various network sizes, node density, traffic load, and mobility. The reasons for packet loss are analyzed and categorized at each network layer. Based on the observations, we observe the effect of the parameter selection and try to exhaust the scalability boundary
of the on-demand routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks.
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Almosawi, Talib, and George Karanta. "ZigBee-based climate measurement system for thermal comfort in traffic busses." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296494.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the work process two (WP2) of a project led by the traffic administration in Stockholm to achieve the passengers' thermal comfort in traffic buses. The purpose of this thesis is to design and implement a measurement system comprised in eight measurement position in a bus. Each position is able to transmit data using a wireless communication protocol, with a central unit collecting all the transmitted data taking into consideration the accuracy of the measurements and filtering out the incorrect data. In order to accomplish this, a literature study is conducted investigating different measurement methods for different parameters, different communication protocols were analysed as well to determine an appropriate communication protocol suitable for climate measurement in a bus environment with passengers present on board. The output of the HVAC system is also required to help the traffic administration demonstrate the results of adjusting the temperature in the bus to reach the thermal comfort and how it led to saving energy. The system incorporates ZigBee , ESP32 microcontroller in the sender positions and a Raspberry pi operating as a central unit to collect data and store it in a file system providing an accurate data that will help the traffic administration achieve their goals. Unfortunately, there were some diffculties accessing CAN system data to provide the output of the HVAC system.Detta examensarbete beskriver arbetsprocess två i ett projekt som leds av trafikförvaltningen i Stockholm för att uppnå termiska komfort för passagerare i busstrafik. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utforma och implementera ett mätsystem bestående av åtta positioner i en buss. Varje position kan överföra data med hjälp av ett trådlöst kommunikationsprotokoll, en central enhet samlar in all data med hänsyn till mätningens noggrannhet och filtrering av felaktig data. För att uppnå detta utfördes en litteraturstudie för att undersöka mätningsmetoder för de olika parametrar. Olika kommunikationsprotokoll undersöktes för att bestämma en lämplig kommunikationsprotkoll för ett mätsystem som mäter klimat i bussar med passagerare ombord. Uteffekten av HVAC-systemet krävs också för att hjälpa trafikförvaltningen att bestämma fördelarna med att justera temperaturen i bussen för att nå den termiska komforten och hur den ledde till att spara energi. Systemet inkorporerar kommunikaitonsprotokollet ZigBee, ESP32-mikrokontroller i avsändarpositionerna och en Raspberry pi som fungerade som en central enhet för att samla in data och lagra det i ett filsystem med korrekta data som hjälper trafikförvaltningen att uppnå sina mål. Svårigheter uppstod med att få tillgång till CAN-system data för uteffekten av HVAC-systemet.
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Petäjäjärvi, J. (Juha). "Low-power wireless communications in the Internet of Things:solutions and evaluations." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219196.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is already providing solutions to various tasks related to monitoring the environment and controlling devices over wired and wireless networks. It is estimated by several well-known research facilities that the number of IoT devices will be in the order of tens of billions by 2020. This inevitably brings challenges and costs in deployment, management, and maintenance of networks. The focus of this thesis is to provide solutions that mainly help in the deployment and maintenance of various wireless IoT networks. Different applications have different requirements for a wireless link coverage. It is important to utilize suitable radio technology for a particular application in order, e.g., to maximize the lifetime of a device. A wireless body area network (WBAN) typically consists of devices that are within couple of meters from each other. The WBAN is suitable for, e.g., measuring muscle activity and transferring data to a storage for processing. The wireless link can use air as a medium, or alternatively, an induced electric field to a body can be used. In this thesis, it is shown that a location of the electrodes in the body have impact to the attenuation. Home automation IoT applications are typically implemented with mid-range wireless technologies, known as wireless personal area networks (WPAN). In order to minimize and get rid of battery change operations, a wake-up receiver could be utilized in order to improve the device’s energy efficiency. The concept is introduced and performance of the current state-of-the-art works are presented. In addition, a control loop enabling a passive device to have control over an energy source is proposed. Applications that have low bandwidth requirements can be implemented with low-power wide area networks (LPWAN). One technology – LoRaWAN – is evaluated, and it is recommended as based on the results to use it in non-critical applicationsTiivistelmä Esineiden internet (Internet of Things, IoT) mahdollistaa jo laajan kirjon erilaisia ratkaisuja ympäristön monitorointiin ja laitteiden hallintaan hyödyntäen sekä langattomia että langallisia verkkoja. Usea hyvin tunnettu tutkimusorganisaatio on arvioinut, että vuonna 2020 IoT laitteiden määrä tulee olemaan kymmenissä miljardeissa. Se luo väistämättä haasteita laitteiden sijoittamisessa, hallinnassa ja kunnossapidossa. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy tarjoamaan ratkaisuja, jotka voivat helpottaa langattomien IoT laitteiden sijoittamisessa ja kunnossapidossa. IoT sovellusten laaja kirjo vaatii erilaisia langattomia radioteknologioita, jotta sovellukset voitaisiin toteuttaa, muun muassa, mahdollisimman energiatehokkaasti. Langattomassa kehoverkossa (wireless body area network, WBAN) käytetään usein hyvin lyhyitä langattomia linkkejä. WBAN on soveltuva esimerkiksi lihasten aktiivisuus mittauksessa ja mittaustiedon siirtämisessä talteen varastointia ja prosessointia varten. Linkki voidaan toteuttaa käyttäen ilmaa rajapintana, tai vaihtoehtoisesti, kehoa. Tässä työssä on näytetty, että käytettäessä kehoa siirtotienä, elektrodien sijainnilla on merkitystä signaalin vaimennuksen kannalta. Kotiautomaatio IoT sovellukset ovat tyypillisesti toteutettu käyttäen langatonta likiverkkoa, jossa linkin pituus sisätiloissa on alle 30 metriä. Jotta päästäisiin eroon pariston vaihto-operaatiosta tai ainakin vähennettyä niiden määrää, herätevastaanotinta käyttämällä olisi mahdollista parantaa laitteiden energiatehokkuutta. Herätevastaanotin konsepti ja tämänhetkistä huipputasoa edustavien vastaanottimien suorituskyky ovat esitetty. Lisäksi, on ehdotettu menetelmä joka takaa energian saannin passiiviselle IoT laitteelle. IoT sovellukset jotka tyytyvät vähäiseen kaistanleveyteen voidaan toteuttaa matalatehoisella laajan alueen verkolla (low-power wide area network, LPWAN). Yhden LPWAN teknologian, nimeltään LoRaWAN, suorituskykyä on evaluoitu. Tulosten perusteella suositus on hyödyntää kyseistä teknologiaa ei-kriittisissä sovelluksissa
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Al-Kaseem, Bilal R. "Optimised cloud-based 6LoWPAN network using SDN/NFV concepts for energy-aware IoT applications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15642.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has been realised with the advent of Machineto-Machine (M2M) communication through which the vision of future Internet has been revolutionised. IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) provides feasible IPv6 connectivity to previously isolated environments, e.g. wireless M2M sensors and actuator networks. This thesis's contributions include a novel mathematical model, energy-efficient algorithms, and a centralised software controller for dynamic consolidation of programmability features in cloud-based M2M networks. A new generalised joint mathematical model has been proposed for performance analysis of the 6LoWPAN MAC and PHY layers. The proposed model differs from existing analytical models as it precisely adopts the 6LoWPAN specifications introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group. The proposed approach is based on Markov chain modelling and validated through Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, an intelligent mechanism has been proposed for optimal 6LoWPAN MAC layer parameters set selection. The proposed mechanism depends on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particles Swarm Optimisation (PSO). Simulation results show that utilising the optimal MAC parameters improve the 6LoWPAN network throughput by 52-63% and reduce end-to-end delay by 54-65%. This thesis focuses on energy-efficient data extraction and dissemination in a wireless M2M sensor network based on 6LoWPAN. A new scalable and self-organised clustering technique with a smart sleep scheduler has been proposed for prolonging M2M network's lifetime and enhancing network connectivity. These solutions succeed in overcoming performance degradation and unbalanced energy consumption problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. Simulation results show that by adopting the proposed schemes in multiple mobile sink sensory field will improve the total aggregated packets by 38-167% and extend network lifetime by 30-78%. Proof-of-concept real-time hardware testbed experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and cloud computing on a 6LoWPAN network. The implemented testbed is based on open standards development boards (i.e. Arduino), with one sink, which is the M2M 6LoWPAN gateway, where the network coordinator and the customised SDN controller operated. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach reduces network discovery time by 60% and extends the node lifetime by 65% in comparison with the traditional 6LoWPAN network. Finally, the thesis is concluded with an overall picture of the research conducted and some suggestions for future work.
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Popelka, Jan. "Vliv přenosových parametrů na spotřebu elektrické energie Zigbee zařízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219897.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the energy research and design a simple wireless sensor networks. The data modules with ZigBee wireless communication technology. The main feature of wireless sensor networks is the minimal energy devices at low cost and maximum data reliability. Furthermore, the work describes firmware for communicating nodes with the ability to change parameters of data transmission and thus affect the energy consumption node. Calculations of energy consumption, compared with the measured results, the discharge characteristics of the battery packs and lifetime broadcasting node is contained in the final chapters of this work.
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Alhaddad, A. G. "Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications. Simulation and Measurement of Balanced Antennas for Mobile Handsets, investigating Specific Absorption Rate when operated near the human body, and a Coplanar Waveguide alternative to the Balanced Feed." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5512.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas
for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are
considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz),
PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000
¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on
built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure.
The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation
patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable
results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show
reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed
antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone
ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also
studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement
results are correlated with the calculated ones.
A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed,
discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The
predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance
bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance.
In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band
balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented.
Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and
discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of
the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation
efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
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Alhaddad, Abdolrauf Gawad. "Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications : simulation and measurement of balanced antennas for mobile handsets, investigating specific absorption rate when operated near the human body, and a coplanar waveguide alternative to the balanced feed." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5512.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), WLAN (2400-2500 MHz and 5000-5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.
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"Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) & Home Networking." Tesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2003. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lem/archundia_p_fm/.
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Li, Sheng-Kun, and 李勝焜. "WPAN-ATP: A Reliable Transport Protocol for Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80385015648692907329.
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Mishra, Rajan. "Performance Analysis Of MAC Layer Of High Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (HR WPAN)." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1407.
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Liu, Tung-yu, and 劉東昱. "The Baseband Signal Processing and Circuit Design for 2.45GHz Mode of the IEEE802.15.4 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28470366078034088870.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所
93
The baseband part of IEEE 802.15.4 operated in 2.45 GHz mode is designed and implemented in this essay. First, the features of IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network), PHY layer and MAC Layer are introduced. Then the algorithm and VHDL of the baseband part of transceiver are designed and verified by FPGA board and logical analyzer.
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Huang, Shih-Hung, and 黃世宏. "The Baseband Signal Processing and Circuit Design for 868/915MHz Mode of the IEEE802.15.4 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52060875358022886238.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所
93
The IEEE802.15.4 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WLAN) is characterized by its low power consumption, low cost, and reliable data transfer. LR-WPAN can be used for security monitoring, by automatically setting various sensors which can be placed anywhere in the factory or home. This work implements baseband signal processing and circuit design for the 868/915MHz mode of the IEEE802.15.4 LR-WPAN. The development processes include algorithm design, system simulation, FPGA implementation and system measurements. The receiver algorithm includes packet detection, phase mapping, frequency offset estimation, energy detection, synchronization, despreading and differential decoding. All algorithms are completely described herein. The system simulation match the required specifications after running the algorithms. Additionally, algorithms are composed by the Verilog Hardware Description Language (VHDL) form. The process is designed according to the hardware to identify exactly each link . The simulations performed in this work include behavioral simulation and gate level simulation. Finally, the program is uploaded to the FPGA to verify results of the procedures is verified by Matlab, by determining the effects of transmission on the channel signal, including idle signals, initial phase, frequency offset and noise. The frequency offset arises when the oscillators of the transmitter and receiver do not match. The transmitter signal from the logic analyzer is then input to the FPGA. The signal sent from the logic analyzer is tested to determine whether it retains the original transmission signal homology. Finally, a LR-WPAN baseband circuit is successfully developed through by the above procedures.
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Gao, J. L., J. Hu, Geyong Min, and L. Xu. "Analysis of the MAC protocol in low rate wireless personal area networks with bursty ON-OFF traffic." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9655.
Full textAbstract:
NoSupported by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, embedded sensor networks have become popular and been widely deployed in recent years. The IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) protocol is uniquely designed to meet the desirable requirements of the low end-to-end delay, low packet loss, and low power consumption in the low rate wireless personal areas networks (LR-WPANs). This paper develops an analytical model to quantify the key performance metrics of the MAC protocol in LR-WPANs with bursty ONOFF traffic. This study fills the gap in the literature by removing the assumptions of saturated traffic or nonbursty unsaturated traffic conditions, which are unable to capture the characteristics of bursty multimedia traffic in sensor networks. This analytical model can be used to derive the QoS performance metrics in terms of throughput and total delay. The accuracy of the model is verified through NS-2 (http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/) simulation experiments. This model is adopted to investigate the performance of the MAC protocol in LR-WPANs under various traffic patterns, different loads, and various numbers of stations. Numerical results show that the traffic patterns and traffic burstiness have a significant impact on the delay performance of LR-WPANs.
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Shih-Chieh, Lee. "Efficient Routing Protocols for Bluetooth Wireless Personal Area Network." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0002-1707200611433000.
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Ming-Cheng, Lin, and 林明正. "Power-Saving Resource Allocation Algorithmfor Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72914327434991655700.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
電子工程學系
94
With the characteristics of short range, high-rate, and low-power, IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN enable the isochronous and asynchronous service to meet the requirements of multimedia applications. This paper investigates the isochronous resource allocation problem in IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN. Due to the limited resources of wireless portable device, saving power is one of the most important issues. In this paper, an optimal energy-aware scheduling problem is defined and proved to be NP-complete. Given a set of established isochronous connections and a set of isochronous connections requests, using a minimal number of isochronous bandwidth and minimal energy to service all the connections is attempted. An efficient isochronous resource-allocation algorithm, capable of providing a solution close to the lower bound, is also proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides near optimal scheduling to reduce unnecessary switching times and idle time.
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Lee, Shih-Chieh, and 李世傑. "Efficient Routing Protocols for Bluetooth Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44061268762483874233.
Full textAbstract:
博士淡江大學
資訊工程學系博士班
94
Bluetooth is a new technology for low-cost, low-power, and short-range wireless communication. By constructing a piconet, Bluetooth device establishes link and communicates with other device in a master-slave manner. Relay is a Bluetooth device that joins two or more piconets and forwards data from one piconet to another, providing multi-hop (or inter-piconet) communication services. In a Bluetooth scatternet, the number of relays and the degree of each relay are factors that significantly affect the performance of entire network. Unnecessary relays raise the difficulty of scheduling, leading to frequent packet loss. Relay switching among several piconets in turns also creates guard time overhead and increases the transmission delay. This proposal first presents an effective protocol that can dynamically adjust the network topology by reducing the unnecessary relays. An efficient scatternet environment thus can be constructed with characteristics of connected, high bandwidth utilization and low maintenance cost. Then, a routing protocol, LORP, is developed to reduce the path length and generate two disjoint routes for any pair of source and destination devices located in different piconets. Additionally, a location-aware routing protocol, LARP, for the Bluetooth scatternet is aslo proposed, which reduces the hop counts between the source and the destination and reconstructs the routes dynamically using the location information of the Bluetooth devices. Finally, a hybrid location-aware routing protocol, HLARP, is proposed to construct the shortest routes among the devices with or without having the location information and degenerate the routing schemes without having any location information. Experimental results show that our protocols are efficient to construct the shortest routing paths and to minimize the transmission delay, bandwidth and power consumption as compared to the other protocols that we have considered.
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Lin, Yu-An, and 林祐安. "A Study and Implementation of Self-Configurable Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69432551659204566745.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
95
While establishing the wireless personal area network that bases on IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs communication protocol and with the self-configurable characteristic, every node in the network must be able to automatically establish and maintain its link capacity. Therefore, the synchronization between nodes is an important mechanism. IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs specification is the communication protocol designed for a wireless personal area network with short-range and low data rate RF transmissions, it support the operation of beacon to provide some advantages, like network synchronization, QoS and low power consumption. At present, there is still ambiguous in IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs specification for the beacon operating. Therefore, there will be a beacon conflict problem in the complex topology network, it will cause nodes to lose the synchronization with its parent node and be unable to transmit. So, the establishment of a method to avoid beacon conflict is an important issue. In this paper, we select the Beacon_Tx_Offset method purposed by Motorola Lab as the beacon conflict solution and refer TDMA channel access method to schedule the use of Beacon_Tx_Offset. Through the two method described above, we could avoid the beacon conflict between neighbor nodes and following incapacity of data transmission.
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Lee, Yi-Cheng, and 李羿承. "Design and Implementation of Wireless Routing Protocol for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45735102216373717429.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士班
94
As the communication protocol of Zigbee, the main responsibility of IEEE 802.15.4 is media access control layer (MAC Layer) and physical layer (PHY Layer) of Zigbee. Zigbee Alliance works out the parts of logical network and application software. It also unifies the spec. with the application interface of user and system management. The spec. includes Zigbee network layer (NWK) and Zigbee application support layer (APS), also named Zigbee stack. We address the issue above to implement the Zigbee network layer. Then, we can learn and improve the routing protocol of zigbee, make it more efficiently, reduce the load of sensor and rise the reliability of data transmission.
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Hung-Da, Shen. "System Evaluation and Digital Baseband Design of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network Transceiver." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1207200518373600.
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Shen, Hung-Da, and 沈宏達. "System Evaluation and Digital Baseband Design of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network Transceiver." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17629501261361044368.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
93
IEEE 802.15.4 standard is defined in November 2003 for wireless personal area network (WPAN). With low data rate and low complexity defined in the standard, its main purpose is to provide low-cost, low-power, and short-distance transmission. Zigbee Alliance has already adopted IEEE 802.15.4 as the media access control (MAC) layer and the physical (PHY) layer of Zigbee devices. In this thesis, we will focus on the 2.4 GHz band of this standard. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is used in this standard to provide more robust transmission against interference. We will discuss suitable architectures for IEEE 802.15.4 transceivers in this thesis. Digital signal processing units for the DSSS technique will also be addressed. A system simulation platform is established in Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) according to system architectures. The platform includes transmitter models, channel models, and receiver models. In these models, digital parts and analog/RF parts will be composed together. For digital designers, the platform can be used to take analog effects into consideration together. For system designers, the platform can be used to determine design parameters and evaluate the performance of designed components. The concept of the simulation platform is useful in the era of SoC because integrated solutions are necessary and system performance can be obtained through first-order system co-simulation.
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Abdul, Waheed Abdul Ashik. "Mitigation of Phase Noise at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies for Wireless Personal Area Network Applications." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/180.
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Chen, Shau-Ting, and 陳孝庭. "An Industrial Factory Control System Based on IEEE 802.15.4 Low-rate Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24666297174226061854.
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Chang, Jo-Yu, and 常若愚. "The Collision Analysis of CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63188747574601239614.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
資訊工程所
92
With the growth quickly of the wireless network technology, there are more and more existent network servies trending to adopt wireless network technology. The popularization of IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN and IEEE 802.16 Wireless Broadband Network, all make the wireless network technology become more and more important, and there are many relative technologies and products appeared. Following Bluetooth’s rise and development, Wireless Personal Area Network (WAPN) also became popular. Therefore, one application of WPAN – Wireless Sensor Network, also start to be discuss widely. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) make use of a large number of sensor nodes to dispose in a particular range, and every sensor node must to sense the special information in the area (ex:temperature, humidity, pressure,etc). Then, transmit the data through wireless transmission technology to a special equipment (Sink) to analyze to sensing data and to do corresponding actions. WSN is one application of WPAN, there is no definite specifications. Now, many WSN research use IEEE 802.15.4 to design, it characteristic includes low rate, low transit distance, low power, simple architecture, low cost, small size, etc. All characteristic are similar to the applications of WSN. In IEEE 802.15.4, packets maybe occur collision or packet loss when sensor nodes try to transit. WSN’s transmission characteristic is differ from general network. General network always have large number of packets to be transmit, but WSN transmissive interval is long (1 min, 5 min, even 1 hour.).therefore, the characteristic of collision problem maybe differ from general network. IEEE 802.15.4 make use of CSMA/CA to solve collision problem, the CSMA/CA algorithm is similar to IEEE 802.11, but not all the same. We called Slotted CSMA/CA algorithm. I will explain in this paper. Furthermore, in this paper, I will aim at IEEE 802.15.4 collision mechanism, and use program to simulate the operation of IEEE 802.15.4. Finally, Analyze and estimate the performance of Slotted CSMA/CA algorithm, and try to find out the Slotted CSMA/CA’s optimum BE parameter in simulation result.
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Lin, Jia-Yi, and 林佳儀. "A Study on Equalization Techniques for Single Carrier Block Transmission in IEEE 802.15.3c Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28243693869320754626.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
99
Nowadays, the demands for very high data rates indoor wireless communication applications such as uncompressed high definition video, interactive gaming, and digital home movies are increasing. The IEEE 802.15.3c has been in charge of standardizing WPAN systems for high speed and short range transmission. It uses the unlicensed spectrum at the millimeter-wave band of 60 GHz. Therefore, in order to achieve the data rates of G bps, the transceiver design could not be too complicated. In this thesis, we investigate single carrier block transmission (SCBT) and employ both antenna diversity techniques and equalization techniques to eliminate severe intersymbol interference caused by multipath fading channel. We compare pre-equalization (THP/MRT) at the transmitter with frequency domain equalization (FDE) at the receiver in BER performance. Also, compare orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with SCBT in BER and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance. Finally, according to our computer simulation results, we make some discussions and conclusions.
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Mackie, David Sean. "Extending the reach of personal area networks by transporting Bluetooth communications over IP networks /." 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/861/.
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Chiu, Shao-Yuan, and 邱紹沅. "Design and Application for a Full-Duplex Voice System over IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34362169997019983116.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
95
Wireless networking has developed rapidly in recent years. Currently, Wireless Personal Area Network （WPAN）becomes a new direction of development. Different from the past, high data rate transmission, extensive transmission distance isn’t the primary purpose anymore . In order to reduce the cost of installation and usage, such wireless network needed to be more efficient, more simple, and applied to shorter transmission. It also prompted the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering （IEEE）began to promote a named IEEE 802.15.4 specifications standard, large-scale application in a factory process, home environment, health care and the monitoring sensor control system, such a low rate of small-range transmission of wireless specifications, We also call it low-rate wireless personal area networks referred to the LR-WPAN. In this thesis, through IEEE 802.15.4, the advantage of saving electricity and the general idea about Zigbee, in the home environmental or working place, the structure has been built into the IEEE 802.15.4. According to the papers which presented the transmission mechanism of device and coordinator, with the appropriate hardware, using C programming language to built function and interruption. In order to achieve full-duplex voice transmission, and offer the references for the future applications, we expect that during the low-power and low-cost wireless network applications become mainstream, it can increase their additions and gives our lives more convenient.
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Wang, Yi-Ting, and 汪奕廷. "Design and Simulation of the Baseband Receiver for Single Carrier Block Transmission in IEEE 802.15.3c Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92484582784668114336.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程系所
97
The IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN standard was defined in order to support the demand of high data rate indoor transmission. It adopts SCBT and OFDM modulations and operates at 60 GHz unlicensed band. Hope to provide data rates more than 1 Gbps. In this thesis, we propose an IEEE 802.15.3c SCBT baseband receiver architecture according to its specified frame format. The receiver includes symbol timing estimation, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization, and data detection. We will describe the operation principles and the algorithms of each block in details. And we try to make a tradeoff between system performance and computation complexity. In order to verify the performance of the receiver, computer simulations are conducted under different conditions. Especially in data detection part, we propose several methods to enhance the performance of the receiver in BER, and we will calculate the complexity of computation as references as well. Finally, we draw conclusions and comments on possible future research directions.
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Hsu, Guan-Wen, and 許冠文. "The Baseband Signal Processing for 868MHz ASK Mode of the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uuy32n.
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碩士國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所
97
In recent years, the worldwide progress of wireless communication technology has bringing great benefit and convenience to our people’s life. Nowadays, people can use appliances of wireless communication in many fields, such as family-monitoring, automatic system, and smart-type device…etc. However, in order to dealing with the need of low cost and low power communication, the researcher spend many years on developing the specification of IEEE 802.15.4 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN) expected be applied in widespread use. In this thesis, we focus on the baseband signal processing for the physical layer specification of the 868/915MHz mode of the IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN. Our design blocks include packet detection, sampling point detection (energy detection), carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation, carrier phase offset (CPO) compensation, and despreading algorithms. During the process of simulation, we’ll examine whether our design match the criteria of standard such as sensitivity, packet format, and modulation. While our designs achieve the requirement of the standard, we start on quantization. Finally, we’ll realize the algorithm in VHDL and examine it.
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Lien, Hui-chi, and 練惠琪. "Key Success Factors for Promoting Visitors’Use of Wireless Local Area Network and Personal Digital Guide Assistant in Guiding Taiwan’s National Museums." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55774157935679043740.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
傳播管理研究所
94
Through technological innovation and various stages of standardisation, wireless Internet has developed into a powerful business tool. Nowadays, business becomes not only e-business but also mobile business, or m-business, where business is done via mobile devices. This is especially true in industries where the provision of real-time and location-based information is important. Cultural tourism is one evident example of such industry. And museum might be the best testing ground for the effective use of wireless Internet in cultural tourism. Taking Taiwan’s five national museums as cases, this study explores the current wireless deployment and the applications with it. It specifically examines whether and to what extent museum visitors would appreciate such deployment. After a thorough literature review, the author sorts out seven dimensions (comprising 40 elements) for the first wave of survey. Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the author further finds out the priority setting of those key success factors. The priority settings fall into three groups according to their significance. Connectivity and content design are perceived as the most important. The second group inlcudes, information content, marketing and promotion, and user’s experience. The least urgent dimensions for wireless Internet development are applications and business model. This study should contribute to the understanding of applying new information and communications technologies (ICTs) in museum exhibitions. It suggests that museums should consider enhancing experiential marketing by thoughtful introduction of ICTs, notably wireless Internet application such as WLAN. This study is also characterised by using FAHP for sorting out the priority settings in the minds of museum visitors and related experts.
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Lin, Shune-dao, and 林順道. "Tha Baseband Signal Processing and Circuit Design for 2450 MHz Chirp Spread Spectrum of the IEEE 802.15.4a- 2007 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77640420479042943487.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
99
The thesis is mainly in algorithm design and implementation of hardware circuit of baseband signal processing at the transceiver of 2450 MHz band chirp spread spectrum in IEEE 802.15.4a – 2007 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN). Due to the characteristic of LR-WPAN such as low cost, low power consumption, small size and easy to implementation, we have to take the complexity and the system performance into consideration. In this thesis, we study on the algorithm design of baseband signal, and analysis the simulation result. At the transmitter, following the specification and realize it. At the receiver, designing the algorithm including the packet detection, energy detection and down-sampling, carrier frequency offset estimation and compensation, timing synchronization, and bi-orthogonal demapper. The system performance after quantizing is 3dB better than the receiver sensitivity we expected. After finishing the algorithm design of the transceiver, we implement the baseband signal circuit by using Verilog Code. Finally, we make an application to National Chip Implementation Center (CIC), and will measure the circuit after the chip tape out. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology.
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Liao, Kuan-yuen, and 廖貫淵. "The Baseband Signal Processing and Circuit Design for 915 MHz Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation Mode of the IEEE 802.15.4 – 2006 Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67511645761400687772.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
97
The IEEE 802.15.4 is defined as a Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network, which is also called ZigBee. The characteristics of ZigBee are low power consumption for battery life, extremely low cost, short-range operation. According to 915 MHz Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation part of IEEE 802.15.4 – 2006, we designed transmitter and receiver in base band part. In the later article, we will introduce my algorithm design, the Quantization and the Architecture in hard- ware implementation, the simulations, and the final verifying work of the layout that we did. Finally, we make a conclusion of this thesis, and we bring up the possible improvement in this design. In my algorithm of the ZigBee receiver, I fined a new table to replace the original table of spec IEEE 802.15.4 to solve multi-sequence interference, which can improve the performance about 0.2 to 0.4dB. My algorithm is lower 1.5dB than the Ideal receiver, which simulate in none carrier frequency offset (CFO) and none sample time offset, but both of mine are biggest. Then, my architecture implementation in hardware is lower about 1.5dB than my algorithm. Completed the hardware circuit design and simulations, I applied for a layout in 0.18-um CMOS technology.
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Chen, Chia-Wen, and 陳嘉文. "The Study for Business of Agents of Real Estate in Metropolitan Area for Using Wireless Network Marketing: As Personal Digital Assistant used with Active Business Application in Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81473335530585734303.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
傳播管理研究所
92
It is more and more popular to transmit and receive information with Wireless LAN(WLAN) as the time of science and technology has been approaching. Every type of business gradually has priority on WLAN for marketing. Especially business of agents of real estate, they use WLAN as tool for marketing to improve the service with information and human nature and to break through the shape of traditional human operation. They record characters and functions of surrounding environment of the houses which are entrusted by clients in their system to provide immediate and local information with house-buyer. This becomes personalizing and valuable selling information. It takes both quantitative and qualitative methods as research methods in the study, and agents of real estate using and not using WLAN in Kaohsiung City are picked as research objects. The study takes depth interviews to realize conditions for wireless network marketing using, motivation for wireless network marketing, and using mode for wireless network marketing, and it also analyzes the differences among wireless network marketing, traditional marketing, and internet marketing. Meanwhile the study use questionnaires survey to figure out the reason why some agents of real estate do not use WLAN for marketing. There are four findings in the study as follows: (1) Agents of real estate using WLAN for marketing are mainly direct branches and over 15 years old. (2) The traditional way for marketing used by agents of real estate using or not using WLAN for marketing is newspaper. (3) Agents of real estate using WLAN for marketing know the requirements of clients and can improve the quality of service better then agents of real estate not using WLAN for marketing. (4) The rate of agents of real estate not using WLAN for marketing at present would like to use WLAN for marketing in the future become more. The conclusion of the study indicates the marketing mode of using new science technology can inquire new information anytime and anywhere. The mode of marketing with WLAN provides business of agents of real estate with the immediate and local information, and this is the point that mass media can not achieve. There are difficulties for business of agents of real estate in Kaohsiung City to use high science technology as a kind of marketing mode. Kaohsiung City should try to upgrade M capacity step by step and take both traditional marketing and WLAN marketing to enhance the function of WLAN for marketing in business of agents of real estate.