Journal articles: 'Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)'

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Si, Hai Fei, and Zhong Yang. "Wireless Sensor Network Programming Based on IEEE802.15.4." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3614.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) requires a wireless communication technology which is low in cost, low in power and easy to be implemented. IEEE802.15.4 standard is the standard specially designed for low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) and aimed at introducing an unified standard for the low-rate interconnection between different devices used by a person or in a home, focusing on low power consumption, low-rate transmission and low cost. Since LR-WPAN which is defined on the basis of standard IEEE802.15.4 is of great similarity with WSN, it could be used as communication platform for wireless sensor. This paper, based on the analysis of LR-WPAN, puts forward the WSN networking scheme based on IEEE802.15.4.

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Zeng, Deze, Song Guo, Victor Leung, and Jiankun Hu. "The Exploration of Network Coding in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/310647.

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Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are getting popular in a variety of fields such as smart home, office automation, and e-healthcare. In WPANs, most devices are considerably energy constrained, so the communication protocol should be energy efficient. The IEEE 802.15.4 is designed as a standard protocol for low power, low data rate, low complexity, and short range connections in WPANs. The standard supports allocating several numbers of collision-free guarantee time slots (GTSs) within a superframe for some time-critical transmissions. Recently, COPE was proposed as a promising network coding architecture to essentially improve the throughput of wireless networks. In this paper, we exploit the network coding technique at coordinators to improve energy efficiency of the WPAN. Some related practical issues, such as GTS allocation and multicast, are also discussed in order to exploit the network coding opportunities efficiently. Since the coding opportunities are mostly exploited, our proposal achieves both higher energy efficiency and throughput performance than the original IEEE 802.15.4.

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Khadim, Rania, Mohammed Erritali, and Abdelhakim Maaden. "Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 under OPNET Modeler for Wireless Sensor Networks." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i1.1593.

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The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has recently been adopted as a communication standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) due to its low data rate, low power consumption and low cost of Wireless Personal Area Networks. This protocol is quite flexible for a wide range of applications if appropriate tuning of its parameters is carried out. Importantly, the protocol also provides real-time guarantees by using the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) mechanism. Indeed, the GTS mechanism is quite attractive for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of BPSK (Binary phase shift keying) and QPSK (Quadrature phase shift keying) modulation techniques. Investigations have been reported to compare the performance of the two modulation schemes. Here modulation schemes have been identified which gives significant performance improvement over the other based on network output load, energy consumption and power reception at the WPAN devices. The results have been presented Pan_Coordinator, GTS and Non GTS End Device (CAP device) of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

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Parvin, Sazia, Amjad Gawanmeh, Sitalakshmi Venkatraman, Ali Alwadi, Jamal N. Al-Karaki, and Paul D. Yoo. "A trust-based authentication framework for security of WPAN using network slicing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1375-1387.

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New technologies bring along many challenges including security and privacy. Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are characterized by limited energy resources and computing power that calls for lightweight security mechanisms in these networks as a mandatory requirement. In this paper, a lightweight trust-based framework for node authentication in WPAN is proposed. Our main objective is to minimise the effort in distinguishing valid requests of trustworthy nodes from invalid requests of malicious nodes that can result in network compromises. We achieve this through network slicing which divides the network into virtually primary and secondary networks. The proposed framework has three-fold benefits. First, it authenticates nodes’ requests based on a novel method of trust value calculation. Second, the framework maintains energy efficiency while authenticating nodes’ requests to access WPAN resources. Finally, the framework provides a solution for biasing problem that can arise due to unexpected behaviour of malicious users in WPANs. The framework efficacy is illustrated on a case study to shown how it can accurately capture trust relations among nodes while preventing malicious behavior.

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Flinn, J., P. T. Kabamba, W. C. Lin, S. M. Meerkov, and C. Y. Tang. "Collaborative power management in WPANs using rational controllers: a case study." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2005, no. 5 (2005): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mpe.2005.491.

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This paper addresses the issue of battery power conservation in wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Specifically, we consider a WPAN, which contains a processor and a disk drive, and develop a collaborative power management technique, which minimizes the total WPAN power consumption. Our approach is based on the theory of rational behavior, which leads to a collaborative architecture where devices in the WPAN are equipped with cooperating rational controllers (RCs). Using, as an example, the Intel 80200 XScale processor and the Hitachi 1 GB microdrive, we show that collaborative power management using RCs offers substantial power saving compared to selfish operation, where each device attempts to minimize only its own power consumption.

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Janardhan, M., S. Pallam Shetty, and PVGD Prasad Reddy. "Taguchi Approach for Recognizing the Most Influential Factor in Improving IEEE 802.15.4 Performance." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (August 30, 2021): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9416.08101021.

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WPAN using IEEE 802.15.4 protcol operated in non beaconing mode an attempt has made to find out the most significant factor of defacto parameters of IEEE 802.15.4 to enhance the performance by minimizing energy consumption and to enhance the network lifetime of the Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPAN). The factors include Buffer size, Beacon Interval, Back-off-transmission has an ideal impact on QoS metrics in IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. A Design of experiments have been simulated to an optimum level using the taguchi approach. The experimental results from the taguchi approach reveales that Back-of-transmission as the most significant factor for IEEE 802.15.4 in minimizing the power consumption in the WPAN.

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Aleksieva, V. "Simulation Framework for Realization of Priority-based ZigBee Network." Information Technologies and Control 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itc-2017-0003.

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Abstract ZigBee is a wireless technology, which provides low power consumption of devices in personal area network (WPAN) for low data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking. ZigBee gives effective ways of supporting of QoS (Quality of Service), functionality and manageability, because ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances (more than 100 meters) by passing data through a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. In this paper is proposed a simulation framework for ZigBee technology. It implements modified algorithm for the construction of a priority-based and energy-balanced WPAN network and visualize the method of transmission. The results of the conducted experiments are given.

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Hassan, Abbas Saleh. "Matlab- Based Interference Mitigation in WPAN IR-UWB." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol3.iss2.36.

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Impulse Radio - Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) is a wireless technology system that offers a high data rate within a short range. Therefore, IR-UWB system is regarded as an excellent physical layer solution to the multi-piconet Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications. In spite of all the advantages of IR-UWB, there are several fundamental and practical challenges that need to be carefully addressed. The big and most important one among these challenges is the interference. Two types of Rake receivers are designed and simulated to highly mitigate the MUI these are (PRake receiver) and (SRake receiver).

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Zhang, Runtong, Fuzhi Chu, Quan Yuan, and Wei Dai. "A Study on an Energy Conservation and Interconnection Scheme between WSN and Internet Based on the 6LoWPAN." Mobile Information Systems 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/592613.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN), which has broad application prospects, consists of small nodes with sensing, computation, and communications capabilities. IPv6 is used over low power WPAN (wireless personal area network) which is run by 6LoWPAN technology on the LoWPAN devices. In order to establish seamless connection of two heterogeneous networks, that is, WSN and IPv6 network, this paper proposes an improved energy conservation and interconnection scheme (ECIS) based on the analysis of the current schemes. Detailed design of each functional component in the new scheme is proposed, and an expansion of the SSCS module in NS2 802.15.4 simulator is examined. Comprehensive experiments on the simulation platform show that the newly proposed scheme is advantageous over existing results.

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Lee, Jaeho. "Energy-Efficient Voice Data Broadcast Method in Wireless Personal Area Networks for IoT." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 40, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 2178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.11.2178.

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Rohokale, Vandana Milind, Sandeep Inamdar, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad. "Energy Efficient Four Level Cooperative Opportunistic Communication for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)." Wireless Personal Communications 69, no. 3 (February 23, 2013): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1068-1.

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Latha, M., and S. Arockiasamy. "The Performance Evaluation of Qos in Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) on Impact of Bluetooth Worms." Journal of Wireless Networking and Communications 2, no. 5 (December 1, 2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.jwnc.20120205.05.

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García-Martín, Juan Pablo, and Antonio Torralba. "Model of a Device-Level Combined Wireless Network Based on NB-IoT and IEEE 802.15.4 Standards for Low-Power Applications in a Diverse IoT Framework." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113718.

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With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Data Rate-Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) have been deployed for different applications. Now comes the need to integrate these networks in search of greater connectivity, performances, and geographic coverage. This integration is facilitated by the recent deployment of low power wide area networks (LPWAN) in the licensed bands, especially narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and long-term evolution for machine-type communications (LTE-M), which are standardized technologies that will continue evolving as part of the fifth generation (5G) specifications. This paper proposes a design methodology for combined networks using LR-WPAN and LPWAN technologies. These networks are combined at the device level using a cluster-tree topology. An example is shown here, where an existing IEEE 802.15.4 network is combined with NB-IoT. To this end, new dual nodes are incorporated, acting as cluster heads. The paper discusses the different aspects of formation and operation of the combined network. A dynamic link selection (DLS) algorithm is also proposed, based on which cluster headers dynamically determine the preferred link, depending on link quality and type of traffic. Extensive simulations show that the DLS algorithm significantly increases battery life on dual nodes, which are the nodes with the highest power demands.

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Arun, C. A., and Prakasam Periasamy. "Design of Eight Parallel 512-Point MDF FFT/IFFT Processor for WPAN Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 05 (May 2019): 1950088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500889.

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This paper presents a high-speed FFT algorithm for high data rate wireless personal area network applications. In a wireless personal area network, the FFT/IFFT block leads the major role. Computational requirements of FFT processors are a heavy burden in most real-time applications. From the previous work, it can be recognized that most of the FFT structures follow the divide and conquer algorithms, which improve the computational efficiency. In the proposed model, a new design of 512-point FFT/IFFT processor is derived by mixed approach for a Radix-26 algorithm, which has been presented and implemented using the Eight Parallel Multipath Delay Feedback (MDF) architecture. In this work, three distinct complex multiplication approaches are derived; from the analysis, a mixed approach has been proposed to reduce the multiplier complexity and also the equivalent normalized area. The proposed design is compiled and simulated with 90[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology optimized for a 1.2[Formula: see text]V supply voltage. The proposed Mixed Radix-26 algorithm has been verified and validated using existing architectures. It has been found that the proposed mixed approach for Radix-26 algorithm reduces the normalized area by 8.603% compared with verified architectures. Also, the multiplier complexity is reduced by more than 33% using Canonical Signed Digit constant multiplier. The proposed architecture is suitable for applications like OFDM based WPAN applications at high data processing rates.

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Deltimple, N., S. Dréan, E. Kerhervé, B. Martineau, and D. Belot. "A 65nm CMOS 60 GHz Class F-E Power Amplifier for WPAN Applications." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2013): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v8i1.368.

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This work presents a two-stage 60 GHz Power Amplifier designed in a 65nm CMOS technology dedicated to low cost Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications. In order to provide a high efficiency operation, the PA is based on a Class E power stage. A Class F driver stage is also designed to provide a square waveform signal to the Class-E power stage. To realize the output networks of both driver and power stage at 60 GHz, distributed elements are used instead of lumped elements. The post-layout simulation results show a saturated output power of 15 dBm with a peak PAE of 26% at 60 GHz. It achieves a gain of 15dB at 60 GHz.

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Arndt, Josua, Lukas Krystofiak, Vahid Bonehi, Ralf Wunderlich, and Stefan Heinen. "Implementation of envelope detection based Wake-Up Receiver for IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN from off-the-shelf components." Advances in Radio Science 15 (September 21, 2017): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-107-2017.

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Abstract. Power consumption in wireless networks is crucial. In most scenarios the transmission time is short compared to the idle listening time for data transmission, the most power is consumed by the receiver. In low latency systems there is a need for low power wake-up receivers (WuRx) that reduce the power consumption when the node is idle, but keep it responsive. This work presents a WuRx designed out of commercial components to investigate the needs of a WuRx when it is embedded in a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system in a real environment setup including WLAN and LTE communication and considering interferer rejection. The calculation necessary for the attenuation of those interferers is explained in detail. Furthermore, a system design is presented that fulfills the requirements for this environment and is build from off-the-shelf components.

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Priya, R., and G. P. Rameshkumar. "A Novel Architecture for Searching Items in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) with Zigbee Technology." Communications on Applied Electronics 4, no. 4 (February 25, 2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae2016652082.

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Miaoudakis, Andreas, Dimitrios Stratakis, Emmanouel Antonidakis, Vassilios Zaharopoulos, and Radovan Stojanovic. "Co-existence performance evaluation of wireless computer networks in a typical office environment." Computer Science and Information Systems 6, no. 1 (2009): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis0901169m.

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The Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are often used as a wireless extension to the typical office network infrastructure providing mobility to the users. In addition Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) serve interconnection to computer and mobile phone peripherals as headsets, input devices, printers etc. Thus it is common that WLANs and WPANs have to operate in the same area. IEEE 802.11b/g is the most popular WLAN technology operating in the 2.4GHz Industrial Medical and Scientific (ISM) band. On the other hand Bluetooth (BT) is the technology often used to support WPANs. As BT also uses the 2.4GHz ISM band, there an issue of interference between WLANs and PANs. In this work the performance degradation in Wireless Local Area Networks and Wireless Local Area Networks due to coexistence is examined by real measurements. Both 802.11 to 802.11 and 802.11 to Bluetooth coexistence is addressed.

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Liu, Kang, Qingyu You, Juan Wang, Xiqiang Xu, Pengcheng Shi, Kaoshan Dai, Zhenhua Huang, Shiquan Wang, Yuanfeng Shi, and Zhibin Ding. "A New Cable-Less Seismograph with Functions of Real-Time Data Transmitting and High-Precision Differential Self-Positioning." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144015.

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This study developed a new cable-less seismograph system, which can transmit seismic data in real-time and automatically perform high-precision differential self-positioning. Combining the ZigBee technology with the high-precision differential positioning module, this new seismograph system utilized the wireless personal area network (WPAN) and real-time kinematic (RTK) technologies to improve its on-site performances and to make the field quality control (QC) and self-positioning possible. With the advantages of low-cost, good scalability, and good compatibility, the proposed new cable-less seismograph system can improve the field working efficiency and data processing capability. It has potential applications in noise seismology and mobile seismic monitoring.

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Yahyaoui, Moussa El, Ali El Moussati, and Kamel Haddadi. "Performance Evaluation of 60-GHz-WPAN System Distributed Over Multi-Mode Fiber." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0052.

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Abstract The manuscript deals with the assessment of Radio over Fiber (RoF) system including pure electrical baseband, pure radio frequency band centered around 60 GHz, and hybrid radio-optical system at the same RF band using a global simulation. In this work we focus on RoF solution to improve the low coverage of the 60 GHz channel caused by high free-space attenuation. A realistic co-simulation of the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) IEEE802.15.3c-RoF was performed in a residential environment for Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line- Of-Sight (NLOS). In this work, we demonstrated a 60 GHz radio on Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) using Optical Carrier Suppression (OCS) modulation. The BER (Bit Error Ratio) performance of this system is measured by varying the following parameters: optical launched power, fiber length, modulation format, Channel coding and Signal to Noise Ratio. We show that the RoF at 60 GHz can reach a minimum of 300 m of MMF without optical amplifiers followed by a 5 m wireless transmission with BER less than 10-3 in the LOS and NLOS environments.

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Hamizah Muhamad Mokhtar, Nur, Norun Abdul Malek, Ahmad Zamani Jusoh, Khamis Ali, Farah Nadia Mohd Isa, and Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman. "Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line technique." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1499.

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The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.

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Basu, Subho Shankar, Jetmir Haxhibeqiri, Mathias Baert, Bart Moons, Abdulkadir Karaagac, Pieter Crombez, Pieterjan Camerlynck, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "An End-To-End LwM2M-Based Communication Architecture for Multimodal NB-IoT/BLE Devices." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082239.

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The wireless Internet of Things (IoT) landscape is quite diverse. For instance, Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies offer low data rate communication over long distance, whereas Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technologies can reach higher data rates, but with a reduced range. For simple IoT applications, communication requirements can be fulfilled by a single technology. However, the requirements of more demanding IoT use cases can vary over time and with the type of data being exchanged. This is pushing the design towards multimodal approaches, where different wireless IoT technologies are combined and the most appropriate one is used as per the need. This paper considers the combination of Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as communication options for an IoT device that is running a Lightweight Machine to Machine/Constrained Application Protocol (LwM2M/CoAP) protocol stack. It analyses the challenges incurred by different protocol stack options, such as different transfer modes (IP versus non-IP), the use of Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) techniques, and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) security modes, and discusses the impact of handover between both communication technologies. A suitable end-to-end architecture for the targeted multimodal communication is presented. Using a prototype implementation of this architecture, an in-depth assessment of handover and its resulting latency is performed.

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Lee, Jin-Shyan, and Yuan-Ming Wang. "Experimental Evaluation of ZigBee-Based Wireless Networks in Indoor Environments." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/286367.

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ZigBee is an emerging standard specifically designed for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) with a focus on enabling the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It attempts to provide a low-data rate, low-power, and low-cost wireless networking on the device-level communication. In this paper, we have established a realistic indoor environment for the performance evaluation of a 51-node ZigBee wireless network. Several sets of practical experiments have been conducted to study its various features, including the (1) node connectivity, (2) packet loss rate, and (3) transmission throughput. The results show that our developed ZigBee platforms could work well under multihop transmission over an extended period of time.

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Kambourakis, Georgios, Constantinos Kolias, Dimitrios Geneiatakis, Georgios Karopoulos, Georgios Michail Makrakis, and Ioannis Kounelis. "A State-of-the-Art Review on the Security of Mainstream IoT Wireless PAN Protocol Stacks." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040579.

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Protocol stacks specifically designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) have become commonplace. At the same time, security and privacy concerns regarding IoT technologies are also attracting significant attention given the risks that are inherently associated with the respective devices and their numerous applications, ranging from healthcare, smart homes, and cities, to intelligent transportation systems and industrial automation. Considering the still heterogeneous nature of the majority of IoT protocols, a major concern is to find common references for investigating and analyzing their security and privacy threats. To this end, and on top of the current literature, this work provides a comprehensive, vis-à-vis comparison of the security aspects of the thus far most widespread IoT Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) protocols, namely BLE, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Thread, and EnOcean. A succinct but exhaustive review of the relevant literature from 2013 up to now is offered as a side contribution.

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Meng, Fan Gui, Bao Chen Jiang, and Cheng You Wang. "An Improvement of ZigBee Cluster-Tree Routing Protocol." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1214.

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ZigBee is a wireless standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), and it is widely used in industrial, commercial, medical fields where low energy consumption is needed. ZigBee routing protocols should be stable, reliable and low-power. Cluster-Tree routing protocol is a simple and reliable routing protocol used in ZigBee network, and it only takes into account parent-child relationships of nodes, therefore its routing path is single and inefficient. This paper improves Cluster-Tree algorithm by introducing a neighbor table. The improved routing protocol has better performance in less energy consumption and a longer life cycle of entire ZigBee network.

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Lin, Yo-Sheng, Chien-Chin Wang, and Jen-How Lee. "A low-power, low-noise and high linearity 60 GHz wideband CMOS low-noise amplifier for wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 80, no. 1 (April 20, 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-014-0307-z.

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Sadek, Fatima Salma, Khaled Belkadi, Abdelhafid Abouaissa, and Pascal Lorenz. "Identifying Misbehaving Greedy Nodes in IoT Networks." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 5127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155127.

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One of the central communication infrastructures of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR- WPAN). In order to share the medium fairly in a non-beacon-enabled mode, the standard uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). The nature of connected objects with respect to various resource constraints makes them vulnerable to cyber attacks. One of the most aggressive DoS attacks is the greedy behaviour attack which aims to deprive legitimate nodes to access to the communication medium. The greedy or selfish node may violate the proper use of the CSMA/CA protocol, by tampering its parameters, in order to take as much bandwidth as possible on the network, and then monopolize access to the medium by depriving legitimate nodes of communication. Based on the analysis of the difference between parameters of greedy and legitimate nodes, we propose a method based on the threshold mechanism to identify greedy nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism provides a detection efficiency of 99.5%.

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Bidai, Zahia, Moufida Maimour, and Hafid Haffaf. "Multipath Extension of the ZigBee Tree Routing in Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2012040103.

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Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are one of the most challenging applications of WSN. They require large amounts of data to be transmitted with high reporting rates which consume an order of magnitude of resources, such as storage, computation, bandwidth, and energy. On the other hand, the ZigBee standard was originally specified for low data rate, low power consumption, and low cost wireless personal area networks (WPANs), making it suitable to WSN. However, handling high data rate applications, such as video surveillance in WPANs, is a challenge. Simultaneous multipath routing is one solution to increase the available bandwidth in a ZigBee network. In this paper, we proposed Z-MHTR (ZigBee Multipath Hierarchical Tree Routing), a node disjoint multipath routing extension of the ZigBee tree routing protocol in cluster-tree WSNs. Extensive simulations were performed and showed that the propsed multipath routing enhances application performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and network lifetime even under heavy data rates.

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Rahaman, Md Mohibur, Mohammad Khairul Islam, Kazi Ashrafuzzaman, and Mohammad Sanaullah Chowdhury. "Performance Evaluation of Different Backoff Algorithms in IEEE 802.15.4 using Double Sensing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i2.pp376-382.

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<p>The IEEE 802.15.4 is the standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area network (LR-WPAN). It is widely used in many application areas. The standard uses Slotted CSMA/CA mechanism in its contention access period (CAP) for the beacon enabled mode. The protocol has two modes - single sensing (SS) and double sensing (DS). The protocol also adopts a binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm. In this paper, we explore the saturation throughput, delay and energy consumption of this standard with double sensing (DS) using the existing BEB algorithm. We also investigate three other backoff schemes - exponential increase exponential decrease (EIED), exponential increase linear decrease (EILD) and exponential increase multiplicative decrease (EIMD). From simulation results, it is found that the EIED, EILD, EIMD perform better than the BEB for higher loads. It shows that the EIED, EILD, EIMD have better throughput and lower delay than the BEB. The EIED outperforms the other schemes in terms of throughput, delay and energy for the higher loads.</p>

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Spokoinyi, Boris, Rony E. Amaya, Ibrahim Haroun, and Jim Wight. "System-on-Package MHMIC Milimeter-Wave Frequency Synthesizer for 60 GHz WPANs." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (July 29, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906516.

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We present a low-cost millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer with ultralow phase noise, implemented using system-on-package (SoP) techniques for high-data-rate wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems operating in the unlicensed 60 GHz ISM band (57–64 GHz). The phase noise specification of the proposed frequency synthesizer is derived for a worst case scenario of an 802.11.3c system, which uses a 64-QAM 512-carrier-OFDM modulation, and a data rate of 5.775 Gbps. Our design approach adopts commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) components integrated in a low-cost alumina-based miniature hybrid microwave integrated circuit (MHMIC) package. The proposed design approach reduces not only the system cost and time-to-market, but also enhances the system performance in comparison with system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The synthesizer has measured phase noise of -111.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and integrated phase noise of 2.8° (simulated: 2.5°) measured at 57.6 GHz with output power of +1 dBm.

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Wang, Jin Hong, and Li Jun Sun. "An Improvement of Slotted CSMA/Ca in IEEE 802.15.4." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2767.

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IEEE802.15.4 defines MAC and PHY specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANS), which targets wireless networking among low-rate, low-power and low-cost devices for short range telecommunication. As the wireless sensor network used in ward monitoring system need to handle large amounts of data, this paper proposes an improved backoff algorithm in slotted CSMA/CA by introducing a weighting algorithm of. According to the comparison of and , we can dynamic change the minimum contention window each time at CSMA/CA begins. By NS2 simulation, when the traffic load is large, the delay time, packet loss rate and jitter of the improved dynamic algorithm can be significantly reduced.

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El Emary, Ibrahiem Mahmoud Mohamed. "Management and Challenges Facing Wireless Sensor Networks in Telemedicine Applications." International Journal of Healthcare Delivery Reform Initiatives 2, no. 4 (October 2010): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-805-0.ch009.

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This chapter focuses on the management process of the wireless sensor networks in telemedicine applications. The main management tasks that are reported and addressed covers: topology management, privacy and security issues in WSN management, topology management algorithms, and route management schemes. Also, failure detection in WSN and fault management application using MANNA was presented and discussed. The major challenges and design issues facing WSN management was touched in a separate section. Typical telemedicine interactions involve both store-and-forward and live interaction. Both the traditional live and store-and-forward telemedicine systems provide an extension of healthcare services using fixed telecommunications networks (i.e. non-mobile). Various telemedicine solutions have been proposed and implemented since its initial use some 30 years ago in the fixed network environment using wired telecommunications networks (e.g. digital subscriber line). Technological advancements in wireless communications systems, namely wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), WiMAX broadband access, and cellular systems (2.5G, 3G and beyond 3G) now have the potential to significantly enhance telemedicine services by creating a flexible and heterogeneous network within an end-to-end telemedicine framework. In the future, integrating wireless solutions into healthcare delivery may well come to be a requirement, not just a differentiator, for accurate and efficient healthcare delivery. However, this raises some very significant challenges in terms of interoperability, performance and the security of such systems.

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Suyama, Satoshi, Junichi Onodera, Hiroshi Suzuki, and Kazuhiko Fukawa. "Decision-directed phase noise compensation for millimeter-wave single carrier systems with iterative frequency-domain equalization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 3-4 (July 8, 2010): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078710000516.

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This paper proposes a receiver that repeats iterative frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and decision-directed phase noise compensation (DD-PNC) to alleviate degradation due to the phase noise for millimeter-wave single carrier (SC) systems. High bit-rate SC-FDE transceivers based on the single-chip Si RF-CMOS IC technology in the 60-GHz millimeter-wave band have been extensively studied for wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems, and the relatively large phase noise in a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer severely degrades transmission performance. In an initial processing of the proposed receiver, a cyclic prefix (CP)-based phase noise compensator (CP-PNC) removes the phase noise from a time-domain received signal by using CP, which is known to the receiver, and the channel is equalized by the iterative FDE using the conventional minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) weight. In an iterative processing, DD-PNC estimates the phase noise each symbol by exploiting an output of a channel decoder, and then compensates the time-domain received signal for the phase noise by using the estimate. In order to equalize the compensated received signal, the iterative FDE performs both the MMSE filtering and residual inter-symbol interference cancelation using the decoder output. Computer simulations following the 60-GHz WPAN standard demonstrate that in the 64QAM with the coding rate of 3/4, the proposed receiver with three iterations can drastically remove the phase noise of −85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and that it can achieve excellent transmission performance.

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Kondoju, Sai Krishna, and V. V. Mani. "Outage and BER analysis of dual-carrier modulation over frequency-selective Nakagami-m fading channels." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2016-0097.

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Purpose This paper aims to the increasing need for high-speed low-power data transmissions over frequency-selective fading channels has drawn attention to suggest dual-carrier modulation (DCM) for multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transceivers for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless personal area network (WPAN). Design/methodology/approach Under frequency-selective fading channel conditions, the decoder is not sufficient enough to decode the transmission bits of severely attenuated data tones. Hence, the authors suggest DCM for a multiband OFDM transceiver because of its multiple capability of providing both frequency diversity and coding gain. It also resulted in low bit-error-rate (BER) at a given signal- to-noise ratio when compared to conventional multiband OFDM system. To achieve an optimised BER, DCM transforms four re-ordered bits into two quaternary phase shift keying symbols and further transforms to two 16-quadrature amplitude modulation-like (16-QAM) symbols with a suitable mapping technique, and at the receiver end, they are decoded with maximum likelihood decision rule. After performing the transformation, the outage probability and average BER expressions are derived to analyse the system performance. Findings DCM is suitable for high data rate transmission and is immune to frequency-selective fading. The outage and BER performance outstands over conventional multiband OFDM transceiver because of the inclusion of DCM mapping. Practical implications It is widely used in WPANs such as high definition multimedia interface and wireless universal serial bus. Originality/value This paper derives novel closed-form outage probability and a tight upper bound on average BER expressions for DCM-based multiband OFDM UWB transceiver over frequency-selective Nakagami-m fading channels for any arbitrary value of m. For this, moment-generating function of sum of squared, independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Nakagami-m random variables are used. Further, the system performance is also validated for the case of exponential decaying power delay profile, and the simulation results are provided to check the accuracy of the derived expressions.

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H S, Deepthi, and Anitha S. Sastry. "IMAGE PROCESSING BASED SMART SERICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.004.

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Rearing of silkworm is highly dependent on environmental variations. To have a healthy cocoon production, it is necessary to have a proper temperature and humidity controlled house for silkworm rearing. Temperature, humidity and fresh air should be managed to get a wonderful silk product. An ideal temperature of 23°C to 28°C and humidity in between 65% to 85% is to be maintained. IoT based silkworm rearing house consists of sensors and actuators, which are interfaced with a low power controllers. The Sericulture unit can be equipped with a wireless sensor node to sense the real time Temperature and Humidity [1], also necessary actuators to control these environmental parameters. The color change in the body of the worms indicates the different stages and the light yellowish indicates that they have reached to the cocoon stage and the morphological changes in silkworm structure can be used to detect abnormal worms[2].The proposed framework introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) empowered Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system. The received image is first segregated into two classes as diseased or healthy by analyzing the histogram of the background removed image based on thresholding. Again the diseased class will be sub classified into 2 diseases as either Flacherie or Pebrine by applying suitable mask for extracting worm and obtaining the histogram of the worm and analyzing it. The result will be sent to the farmer via E-mail. The proposed system could be a probable solution for productivity in silkworms.

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Rehman, Waheed ur, Tabinda Salam, Jin Xu, and Xiaofeng Tao. "Capacity Enhancement in 60 GHz Based D2D Networks by Relay Selection and Scheduling." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/205163.

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Millimeter-wave or 60 GHz communication is a promising technology that enables data rates in multigigabits. However, its tremendous propagation loss and signal blockage may severely affect the network throughput. In current data-centric device-to-device (D2D) communication networks, the devices with intended data communications usually lay in close proximity, unlike the case in voice-centric networks. So the network can be visualized as a naturally formed groups of devices. In this paper, we jointly consider resource scheduling and relay selection to improve network capacity in 60 GHz based D2D networks. Two types of transmission scenarios are considered in wireless personal area networks (WPANs), intra and intergroup. A distributed receiver based relay selection scheme is proposed for intragroup transmission, while a distance based relay selection scheme is proposed for intergroup transmission. The outage analysis of our proposed relay selection scheme is provided along with the numerical results. We then propose a concurrent transmission scheduling algorithm based on vertex coloring technique. The proposed scheduling algorithm employs time and space division in mmWave WPANs. Using vertex multicoloring, we allow transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) communication pairs to span over more colors, enabling better time slot utilization. We evaluate our scheduling algorithm in single-hop and multihop scenarios and discover that it outperforms other schemes by significantly improving network throughput.

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Ashigwuike, Evans Chinemezu, Ale Felix, and Farouq Eneuma Shaibu. "The Impact of Soil Texture on Path Loss Modelling of an FM Signal Using Diffraction Technique." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1231.

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A novel solution to predict path loss of an FM signal using diffraction technique is proposed. Diffraction technique and soil texture impact are used to improve the Friis free-space model to predict the received signal strength and propagation path loss of an FM signal between a transmitter site and receiver site, while studying the impact of soil texture to the FM signal in the case of surface wave propagation. Measurement of signal strengths with an interval of 5KM along two different routes (1 and 2) were taken with a Digital Field Strength Meter (DW-400), in some selected open/rural environments of Kogi State. A solid-state transmitter (BE 20S), with broadcast frequency of 101.5MHz at antenna height of 120m was considered as the transmitting point source. Bluetooth signal strength meter software was used to visualize this impact of soil texture, where different types of soil were considered within the coverage area of the FM radio station, with the application of a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology. Measurements taken along the two different routes were compared against predictions made by the modified model of Friis Free Space. The model showed quite large mean path loss prediction errors, and places with poor signal strength for Prime FM Radio Nigeria were revealed. The result shows that an FM signal induces current in the ground over which it passes and it is attenuated as a result of absorption of energy by the soil, depending on the soil type.

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Ahmad, Tanveer, Xue Jun Li, and Boon-Chong Seet. "Noise Reduction Scheme for Parametric Loop Division 3D Wireless Localization Algorithm Based on Extended Kalman Filtering." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020024.

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Thanks to IEEE 802.15.4 defining the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), the door is open for localizing sensor nodes using tiny, low power digital radios such as Zigbee. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) localization scheme based on well-known loop invariant for division algorithm. Parametric points are proposed by using the reference anchor points bounded in an outer region named as Parametric Loop Division (PLD) algorithm. Similar to other range-based localization methods, PLD is often influenced by measurement noise which greatly degrades the performance of PLD algorithm. We propose to adopt extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to refine node coordinates to mitigate the measurement noise. We provide an analytical framework for the proposed scheme and find the lower bound for its localization accuracy. Simulation results show that compared with the existing PLD algorithm, our technique always achieves better positioning accuracy regardless of network topology, communication radius, noise statistics, and the node degree of the network. The proposed scheme PLD-EKF provides an average localization accuracy of 0.42 m with a standard deviation of 0.26 m.

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Kohlios, Christopher, and Thaier Hayajneh. "A Comprehensive Attack Flow Model and Security Analysis for Wi-Fi and WPA3." Electronics 7, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110284.

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The presence of wireless communication grows undeniably more prevalent each year. Since the introduction of the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) in 1997, technologies have progressed to provide wireless accessibility to industries and consumers with growing ease and convenience. As the usage of personal devices, such as phones and watches, that connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi increases, wireless attacks on users are becoming more critical. This paper provides a novel attack model to offer an organized and comprehensive view of the possible attacks on Wi-Fi latest security standards. All existing attacks will be investigated, with emphasis on more recent attacks, such as the KRACK and PMKID Dictionary attacks. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze the technology offered in the new Wi-Fi Protected Access III (WPA3) security scheme and provide the first comprehensive security analysis and discussion to determine whether it has addressed the vulnerabilities of its predecessor. An interesting finding of this paper is that WPA3 still lacks in addressing all the issues existing in WPA2 and exploring other mitigations for future research.

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Moon, Jaegeun, and Im Y. Jung. "Authentication for Wireless Personal Area Network." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 9713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9781.

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Kargar, Mohammad Javad, Samaneh Ghasemi, and Omolbanin Rahimi. "Wireless Body Area Network." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 2, no. 4 (October 2013): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2013100104.

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The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) promises a great revolution in the field of electronic health technology in the future. These types of networks are, in fact, collections of low-priced small sensors with low voltage and computational power as well as insufficient energy capacitors which are located on the human body. As the wireless body area network should send the critical information gathered from the patient's body to the physician, the hospital, or the emergency for a supervision in real time, it needs strong mechanisms to protect the security and personal limits of the patient in order to avoid damaging invasions to the system and minimize the system vulnerability. Evaluation of previous works in WBAN security show different levels of threats and security solutions must be considered in accordance with each level. This paper aims at studying current methods of the wireless body area network and considering the levels, evaluation of the security requirements and existing threats. Furthermore, the paper is an attempt to present security solutions to improve the current status of the wireless body area network.

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Mahmud, S. M., and S. Shanker. "In-Vehicle Secure Wireless Personal Area Network (SWPAN)." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 55, no. 3 (May 2006): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2005.863341.

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Amin, Yasmin M., and Amr T. Abdel-Hamid. "A Simulation Model of IEEE 802.15.4 GTS Mechanism and GTS Attacks in OMNeT++ / MiXiM + NETA." Computer and Information Science 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v11n1p78.

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The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the PHY and MAC layer specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). With the proliferation of many time-critical applications with real-time delivery, low latency, and/or specific bandwidth requirements, Guaranteed Time Slots (GTS) are increasingly being used for reliable contention-free data transmission by nodes within beacon-enabled WPANs. To evaluate the performance of the 802.15.4 GTS management scheme, this paper introduces a new GTS simulation model for OMNeT++ / MiXiM. Our GTS model considers star-topology WPANs within the 2.4 GHz frequency band, and is in full conformance with the IEEE 802.15.4 – 2006 standard. To enable thorough investigation of the behaviors and impacts of different attacks against the 802.15.4 GTS mechanism, a new GTS attacks simulation model for OMNeT++ is also introduced in this paper. Our GTS attacks model is developed for OMNeT++ / NETA, and is integrated with our GTS model to provide a single inclusive OMNeT++ simulation model for both the GTS mechanism and all known-to-date attacks against it.

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Giri, Debabrato, and Uttam Kumar Roy. "Multilevel Address Reorganization Type2 in Wireless Personal Area Network." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2013.5104.

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Mišić, Jelena, and Vojislav B. Mišić. "Cognitive wireless personal area network for monitoring and control." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 11, no. 8 (July 6, 2009): 1042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.809.

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Mubashar, Rehman, Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Adeel Asad, and Asad Rasool. "Comparative performance analysis of short-range wireless protocols for wireless personal area network." Iran Journal of Computer Science 4, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42044-021-00087-1.

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Hasan, Mohammed. "Provide Simple Protection for Bluetooth Connection in Wireless Personal Area Network." AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/csmj.2009.163774.

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Wang, Chua-Chin, Chi-Chun Huang, Jian-Ming Huang, Chih-Yi Chang, and Chih-Peng Li. "ZigBee 868/915-MHz Modulator/Demodulator for Wireless Personal Area Network." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 16, no. 7 (July 2008): 936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2008.2000594.

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Won Soo Kim, Il Whan Kim, Seung Eun Hong, and Chung Gu Kang. "A seamless coordinator switching (SCS) scheme for wireless personal area network." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 49, no. 3 (August 2003): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2003.1233771.

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Tsiftsis, Theodoros A., Kyeong Jin Kim, and Kyung Sup Kwak. "Cooperative wireless personal area network systems with partial best relay selection." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 23, no. 2 (October 17, 2011): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1516.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)'

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