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Hadzic, Senka. "Cooperative positioning for heterogeneous wireless systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12851.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaFuture emerging market trends head towards positioning based services placing a new perspective on the way we obtain and exploit positioning information. On one hand, innovations in information technology and wireless communication systems enabled the development of numerous location based applications such as vehicle navigation and tracking, sensor networks applications, home automation, asset management, security and context aware location services. On the other hand, wireless networks themselves may bene t from localization information to improve the performances of di erent network layers. Location based routing, synchronization, interference cancellation are prime examples of applications where location information can be useful. Typical positioning solutions rely on measurements and exploitation of distance dependent signal metrics, such as the received signal strength, time of arrival or angle of arrival. They are cheaper and easier to implement than the dedicated positioning systems based on ngerprinting, but at the cost of accuracy. Therefore intelligent localization algorithms and signal processing techniques have to be applied to mitigate the lack of accuracy in distance estimates. Cooperation between nodes is used in cases where conventional positioning techniques do not perform well due to lack of existing infrastructure, or obstructed indoor environment. The objective is to concentrate on hybrid architecture where some nodes have points of attachment to an infrastructure, and simultaneously are interconnected via short-range ad hoc links. The availability of more capable handsets enables more innovative scenarios that take advantage of multiple radio access networks as well as peer-to-peer links for positioning. Link selection is used to optimize the tradeo between the power consumption of participating nodes and the quality of target localization. The Geometric Dilution of Precision and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound can be used as criteria for choosing the appropriate set of anchor nodes and corresponding measurements before attempting location estimation itself. This work analyzes the existing solutions for node selection in order to improve localization performance, and proposes a novel method based on utility functions. The proposed method is then extended to mobile and heterogeneous environments. Simulations have been carried out, as well as evaluation with real measurement data. In addition, some speci c cases have been considered, such as localization in ill-conditioned scenarios and the use of negative information. The proposed approaches have shown to enhance estimation accuracy, whilst signi cantly reducing complexity, power consumption and signalling overhead.
As tendências nos mercados emergentes caminham na direção dos serviços baseados em posicionamento, criando uma nova perspectiva na forma como podemos obter e utilizar informação de posicionamento. Por um lado, as inovações em tecnologias da informação e sistemas de comunicação sem fios permitiram o desenvolvimento de inúmeras aplicações baseadas em localização, tais como a navegação e monitorização de veículo, aplicações de redes de sensores, domótica, gestão de ativos, segurança e serviços de localização sensíveis ao contexto. Por outro lado, as próprias redes sem fios podem beneficiar da informação de localização dos utilizadores de forma a melhorarem as performances de diferentes camadas de rede. Routing baseado em localização, sincronização e cancelamento de interferência são os exemplos mais representativos de áreas onde a informação de localização pode ser útil. Soluções de localização típicas dependem de medições e de aproveitamento de métricas de sinal dependentes da distância, tais como a potência do sinal recebido, o tempo ou ângulo de chegada. São mais baratos e fáceis de implementar do que sistemas de localização dedicados com base em fingerprinting, com a desvantagem da perda de precisão. Consequentemente, algoritmos inteligentes de localização e técnicas de processamento de sinal têm de ser aplicados para compensar a falta de precisão das estimativas de distância. A cooperação entre nodos é usada nos casos em que as técnicas convencionais de posicionamento não têm um bom desempenho devido à inexistência de infraestrutura adequada, ou a um ambiente interior com obstruções. O objetivo é ter uma arquitetura híbrida, onde alguns nós têm pontos de ligação a uma infraestrutura e simultaneamente estão interligados através ligações ad-hoc de curto alcance. A disponibilidade de equipamentos mais capazes permite cenários mais inovadores que tiram proveito de múltiplas redes de acesso de rádio, bem como ligações peer-to-peer, para o posicionamento. A seleção de ligações é usada para otimizar o equilíbrio entre o consumo de energia dos nós participantes e da qualidade da localização do alvo. A diluição geométrica de precisão e a Cramér Rao Lower Bound podem ser utilizadas como critrio para a escolha do conjunto adequado de nodos de ancoragem e as medições correspondentes antes de realizar a tarefa de estimativa de localizaçãoo. Este trabalho analisa as soluções existentes para a seleção de nós, a fim de melhorar o desempenho de localização e propõe um novo método baseado em funções de utilidade. O método proposto é então estendido para ambientes móveis e heterogéneos. Foram realizadas simulações bem como avaliação de dados de medições reais. Além disso, alguns casos específicos foram considerados, tais como a localização em cenários mal-acondicionados e uso de informação negativa. As abordagens propostas revelaram uma melhoria na precisão da estimação, ao mesmo tempo que reduziram significativamente a complexidade do cálculo, o consumo de energia e o overhead do sinal.
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Sehloho, Nobaene Elizabeth. "An indoor positioning system using multiple methods and tools." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2288.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Recently, the deployment and availability of wireless technology have led to the development of location and positioning services. These Location Based Services (LBSs) are attracting the attention of researchers and mobile service providers. With the importance of ubiquitous computing, the main challenge seen in the LBS is in the mobile positioning or localization within reasonable and certain accuracy. The Global Positioning System (GPS), as a widely known and used navigation system, is only appropriate for use in outdoor environments, due to the lack of line-of-sight (LOS) in satellite signals that they cannot be used accurately inside buildings and premises. Apart from GPS, Wi-Fi is among others, a widely used technology as it is an already existing infrastructure in most places. This work proposes and presents an indoor positioning system. As opposed to an Ad-hoc Positioning System (APS), it uses a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The system makes use of an already existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. Moreover, the approach tests the positioning of a node with its neighbours in a mesh network using multi-hopping functionality. The positioning measurements used were the ICMP echo requests, RSSI and RTS/CTS requests and responses. The positioning method used was the trilateral technique, in combination with the idea of the fingerprinting method. Through research and experimentation, this study developed a system which shows potential as a positioning system with an error of about 2 m – 3 m. The hybridization of the methods proves an enhancement in the system though improvements are still required
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Pricope, Bogdan [Verfasser]. "Positioning using terrestrial wireless systems / Bogdan Pricope." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037014111/34.
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Reyes, Omar Costilla. "Dynamic WIFI Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699843/.
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A technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of indoor positioning systems based on WIFI radio-frequency signals by using dynamic access points and fingerprints (DAFs). Moreover, an indoor position system that relies solely in DAFs is proposed. The walking pattern of indoor users is classified as dynamic or static for indoor positioning purposes. I demonstrate that the performance of a conventional indoor positioning system that uses static fingerprints can be enhanced by considering dynamic fingerprints and access points. The accuracy of the system is evaluated using four positioning algorithms and two random access point selection strategies. The system facilitates the location of people where there is no wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructure deployed or where the WLAN infrastructure has been drastically affected, for example by natural disasters. The system can be used for search and rescue operations and for expanding the coverage of an indoor positioning system.
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Cheng, King-yip, and 鄭勁業. "Localization in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38700189.
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Wang, Wenye. "Location management techniques for next generation wireless systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13289.
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Parikh, Hemish K. "An RF system design for an ultra wideband indoor positioning system." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-031108-203800/.
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Shum, Chin Yiu. "Detecting, locating, and tracking mobile user within a wireless local area network." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1512.
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Tran, Huy Phuong. "Context-Aware Wi-Fi Infrastructure-based Indoor Positioning Systems." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5009.
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Large enterprises are often interested in tracking objects and people within buildings to improve resource allocation and occupant experience. Infrastructure-based indoor positioning systems (IIPS) can provide this service at low-cost by leveraging already deployed Wi-Fi infrastructure. Typically, IIPS perform localization and tracking of devices by measuring only Wi-Fi signals at wireless access points and do not rely on inertial sensor data at mobile devices (e.g., smartphones), which would require explicit user consent and sensing capabilities of the devices.
Despite these advantages, building an economically viable cost-effective IIPS that can accurately and simultaneously track many devices over very large buildings is difficult due to three main challenges. First, Wi-Fi signal measurements are extremely noisy due to unpredictable multipath propagation and signal attenuation. Second, as the IIPS obtain measurements in a best effort manner without requiring any applications installed on a tracked device, the measurements are temporally sparse and non-periodic, which makes it difficult to exploit historical measurements. Third, the cost-effective IIPS have limited computational resources, in turn limiting scalability in terms of the number of simultaneously tracked devices.
Prior approaches have narrowly focused on either improving the accuracy or reducing the complexity of localization algorithms. To compute the location at the current time step, they typically use only the latest explicit Wi-Fi measurements (e.g., signal strengths). The novelty of our approach lies in considering contexts of a device that can provide useful indications of the device's location. One such example of context is device motion. It indicates whether or not the device's location has changed. For a stationary device, the IIPS can either skip expensive device localization or aggregate noisy, temporally sparse location estimates to improve localization accuracy. Another example of context applicable to a moving device is a floor map that consists of pre-defined path segments that a user can take. The map can be leveraged to constrain noisy, temporally sparse location estimates on the paths.
The thesis of this dissertation is that embedding context-aware capabilities in the IIPS enhances its performance in tracking many devices simultaneously and accurately. Specifically, we develop motion detection and map matching to show the benefits of leveraging two critical contexts: device motion and floor map. Providing motion detection and map matching is non-trivial in the IIPS where we must rely only on data from the Wi-Fi infrastructure.
This thesis makes two contributions. First, we develop feature-based and deep learning-based motion detection models that exploit temporal patterns in Wi-Fi measurements across different access points to classify device motion in real time. Our extensive evaluations on datasets from real Wi-Fi deployments show that our motion detection models can detect device motion accurately. This, in turn, allows the IIPS to skip repeated location computation for stationary devices or improve the accuracy of localizing these devices. Second, we develop graph-based and image-based map matching models to exploit floor maps. The novelty of the graph-based approach lies in applying geometric and topological constraints to select which path segment to align the current location estimate. Our graph-based map matching can align a location estimate of a user device on the path taken by the user and close to the user's current location. The novelty of the image-based approach lies in representing for the first time, input data including location estimates and the floor map as 2D images. This novel representation enables the design, development, and application of encoder-decoder neural networks to exploit spatial relationships in input images to potentially improve location accuracy. In our evaluation, we show that the image-based approach can improve location accuracy with large simulated datasets, compared to the graph-based approach. Together, these contributions enable improvement of the IIPS in its ability to accurately and simultaneously track many devices over large buildings.
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Sakpere, Wilson Evuarherhe. "A near field communication framework for indoor navigation : design and deployment considerations." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2290.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Navigation systems are known to provide time and location information for easy and accurate navigation in a specified environment. While Global Positioning System (GPS) has recorded a considerable success for navigating outdoors, the absence of GPS indoors has made orientation in an indoor environment challenging. Furthermore, existing technologies and methods of indoor positioning and navigation, such as WLAN, Bluetooth and Infrared, have been complex, inaccurate, expensive and challenging to implement; thereby limiting the usability of these technologies in less developed countries. This limitation of navigation services makes it difficult and time consuming to locate a destination in indoor and closed spaces. Hence, recent works with Near Field Communication (NFC) has kindled interest in positioning and navigation. While navigating, users in less developed nations face several challenges, such as infrastructure complexity, high-cost solution, inaccuracy and usability. However, this research focuses on providing interventions to alleviate usability challenges, in order to strengthen the overall accuracy and the navigation effectiveness in stringent environments through the experiential manipulation of technical attributes of the positioning and navigation system in indoor environments. Therefore, this study adopted the realist ontology and the positivist epistemological approach. It followed a quantitative and experimental method of empirical enquiry, and software engineering and synthesis research methods. The study entails three implementation processes, namely map generation, positioning framework and navigation service using a prototype mobile navigation application that uses the NFC technology. It used open-source software and hardware engineering tools, instruments and technologies, such as Ubuntu Linux, Android Software Development Kit, Arduino, NFC APIs and PandaBoard. The data was collected and the findings evaluated in three stages: pre-test, experiment and post-test.
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Zhuang, Peng Shang Yi. "Wireless sensor network aided search and rescue in trails." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4626.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Cheng, Quan Jia. "A WLAN location estimation system using center of gravity as an algorithm selector." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1513.
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Marinho, Marco Antonio Marques. "Array interpolation methods with applications in wireless sensor networks and global positioning systems." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15614.
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Nas últimas três décadas o estudo de técnicas de processamento de sinais em arranjos de sensores tem recebido grande atenção. Uma grande quantidade de técnicas foi desenvolvida com diversas finalidades como a estimação da direção de chegada, a filtragem ou separação espacial dos sinais recebidos, a estimação do atraso de propagação, a estimação da frequência Doppler e a pré-codificação de sinais na transmissão para maximização da potência recebida por outro arranjo. Técnicas para estimação da direção de chegada são de particular interesse para sistemas de posicionamento baseado em ondas de rádio, como os sistemas de posicionamento global e para o mapeamento de sensores em redes de sensores. Uma particularidade dessas aplicações é a necessidade de uma estimação em tempo real ou computacionalmente eficiente. Técnicas de estimação da direção de chegada que atendem esses requisitos requerem uma estrutura muito específica do arranjo de antenas que, em geral, não pode ser obtida em implementações reais. Nesse trabalho é apresentado um conjunto de técnicas que permitem a interpolação de sinais recebidos em arranjos de geometria arbitrária para arranjos de geometria específica, de forma eficiente e robusta, para possibilitar a aplicação de técnicas eficientes para estimação da direção de chegada em arranjos de geometria arbitrária. Como aplicações das técnicas propostas são apresentados o mapeamento preciso em redes de sensores e posicionamento preciso em receptores de sistemas de posicionamento global. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In the last three decades the study of antenna array signal processing techniques has received significant attention. A large number of techniques have been developed with different purposes such as the estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA), filtering or spatial separation of received signals, estimation of time delay of arrival (TDOA), Doppler frequency estimation and precoding of transmitted signals to maximize the power received by a different array. DOA estimation techniques are of particular interest for positioning systems based on radio waves such as the global positioning system (GPS) and for sensor mapping in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These applications have the particular requirement of demanding the estimations to be made in real time or with reduced computational complexity. DOA estimation techniques that fulfill these requirements demand very specific antenna array structures that cannot, in general, be obtained in real implementations. In this work a set of techniques is presented that allows the interpolation of signals received in arrays of arbitrary geometry into arrays of specific geometry efficiently and robustly to allow the application of efficient DOA estimation techniques in arrays of arbitrary geometry. As an application of the proposed techniques precise mapping for WSNs and precise positioning for GPS receivers is presented.
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Liu, Honggang. "Research and implementation of an indoor positioning algorithm." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-32394.
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The goal of the Internet of Things’ sensing technology is to provide LBS(location-based services); a key technology is finding out how to positioning the sensing devices. For positioning outdoors, mature tech-nology such as GPS and cellular network location can be used. There is little research about indoor positioning, and there is no finished product on the market. This paper shows how to use both Wi-Fi and ZigBee signal for position-ing; Wi-Fi to find the area position and ZigBee to find the coordinate position. The main contribution of this paper is described in the follow-ing: This paper will present an algorithm using kNN on a Wi-Fi signal, as a way to find the location area of users. The GPS signal cannot be used indoors, but there are usually numerous Wi-Fi signals, that can be used for indoor positioning. In this design, to build a dataset containing the number of locations and the Wi-Fi signal strength list of each location. When indoor positioning is needed, the KNN algorithm is used to compare the user’s Wi-Fi signal strength with the dataset and find the location number. When precise positioning is needed, the ZigBee signal should be used. In this paper two different methods for precise positioning in are used, one is an improved algorithm of triangle centroid algorithm where the positioning accuracy depends on the number of anchor points and the interval of each point. The other method is the neural network method. This method could give stable result with only four anchor points. Finally, there is a comparison of the methods mentioned in this paper : the Wi-Fi fingerprint method, the ZigBee triangle centroid algorithm, and neural network method.
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Kanaan, Muzaffer. "Node density and quality of estimation for infrastructure-based indoor geolocation using time of arrival." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-041508-165035/.
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Pavlenko, Tatiana [Verfasser]. "Design and Optimization of Sparse Antenna Arrays for 3D Wireless Positioning Systems / Tatiana Pavlenko." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202168906/34.
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Ciftler, Bekir Sait. "Wireless Positioning and Tracking for Internet of Things in GPS-denied Environments." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3377.
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Wireless positioning and tracking have long been a critical technology for various applications such as indoor/outdoor navigation, surveillance, tracking of assets and employees, and guided tours, among others. Proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the evolution of smart cities, and vulnerabilities of traditional localization technologies to cyber-attacks such as jamming and spoofing of GPS necessitate development of novel radio frequency (RF) localization and tracking technologies that are accurate, energy-efficient, robust, scalable, non-invasive and secure. The main challenges that are considered in this research work are obtaining fundamental limits of localization accuracy using received signal strength (RSS) information with directional antennas, and use of burst and intermittent measurements for localization. In this dissertation, we consider various RSS-based techniques that rely on existing wireless infrastructures to obtain location information of corresponding IoT devices. In the first approach, we present a detailed study on localization accuracy of UHF RF IDentification (RFID) systems considering realistic radiation pattern of directional antennas. Radiation patterns of antennas and antenna arrays may significantly affect RSS in wireless networks. The sensitivity of tag antennas and receiver antennas play a crucial role. In this research, we obtain the fundamental limits of localization accuracy considering radiation patterns and sensitivity of the antennas by deriving Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) using estimation theory techniques. In the second approach, we consider a millimeter Wave (mmWave) system with linear antenna array using beamforming radiation patterns to localize user equipment in an indoor environment. In the third approach, we introduce a tracking and occupancy monitoring system that uses ambient, bursty, and intermittent WiFi probe requests radiated from mobile devices. Burst and intermittent signals are prominent characteristics of IoT devices; using these features, we propose a tracking technique that uses interacting multiple models (IMM) with Kalman filtering. Finally, we tackle the problem of indoor UAV navigation to a wireless source using its Rayleigh fading RSS measurements. We propose a UAV navigation technique based on Q-learning that is a model-free reinforcement learning technique to tackle the variation in the RSS caused by Rayleigh fading.
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Lissai, Gidon. "Assisted GPS solution in cellular networks /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/3671.
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Sagboze, Konzi Olivier. "Real-time detection of attendance at a venue using mobile devices." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2676.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The implosion of the mobile phones, mobile applications and social media in recent years has triggered a great interest for more dedicated user-generated contents. Mobile users being the focal point, these modern virtual platforms depend on and live for collecting, structuring and manipulating the very fine-grained details about users' day-to-day activities. Since every human activity takes place in a geographical context, location information ranks high among the set of data to gather about user's daily life. User's specific location details can help filter content to serve and retrieve from them. Therefore, location-based services have been developed and successfully integrated into most virtual platforms in the quest for these precious data. However, location-based services do not fulfil all requirements. They depend on a range of positioning systems which show numerous limitations. None of the existing positioning systems is perfectly accurate. Today, it is therefore difficult to pinpoint a user in a venue using location-based services. Nevertheless, with the set of existing technology and techniques, it is possible to estimate and track users’ whereabouts in real-time. Providing the best possible estimation of user's position within a given venue can help achieve better user engagement. Depending on the gap of accuracy, the end result may actually match the outcome expected from perfectly accurate positioning systems. In this work, the focus is to develop a prototype positioning system which provides the best estimation of user's position in real-time in relation to a targeted venue or location. Through a series of research and comparison study, the most suited technology and techniques are objectively selected to build the intended prototype. The challenge of indoor positioning is also addressed in this work – bearing in mind the fact that this prototype is set to work accurately and efficiently in any geographical location and structure. The prototype is evaluated according to a set of predefined standard metrics, and theories are extracted to grow knowledge about this trending topic.
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Al-baidhani, Abbas. "Self-deployable positioning systems for emergency situations employing uwb radio technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667752.
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Indoor positioning systems have been widely studied in the last decade due to the need of humans for them especially in the large building such as malls, airports, hospitals...etc. Still, there is no suitable precise indoor positioning system which can be implemented for different indoor environments and situations. We should mention military urban and emergency situations. In military urban and emergency response operations, the time is a crucial issue, and a precise positioning system with a clear indoor covering is a highly prerequisite tool to enhance safety. It should be seamless, low, frugal, power efficacious, low cost and supply less meter-level accuracy.
In emergency scenarios, we don't have enough flexibility and time to install all anchor nodes in a proper situation that may help to obtain an appropriate accuracy for locating a mobile station, but command centers require observing their operational forces, and rescuers demand to detect potential victims to perform proper care. The most common users for these situations are the firefighters, police, military, and civilians. The main goal of this Ph.D. dissertation is to create an accurate indoor positioning (IP) system that could be used in different indoor environments and situation, especially for the emergency situation. So, we create this system through different steps as explained below.
First, we have considered the study of different radio technologies to choose the suitable radio technology called Ultra wide band (UWB) radio technology. The reasons of selection the UWB and the commercial device that implements such technology are explained in details in chapters 3 and 4.
Afterward, due to some impacts of the UWB in indoor environments (see chapters 4 and 5), we continue the study of NLOS identification and mitigation methods. In these chapters, we create two different NLOS identification and mitigation methods using a commercial UWB device experimentally. The first method used two parameters extracted from the UWB device to identify the propagation channel and map information of the building that the method is experimentally done in it to mitigate the NLOS channel. The second method of NLOS identification and mitigation used three parameters extracting from the UWB device to be an input set of the Fuzzy logic technique used to identify the propagation channels. In this identification method, it is not only to identify the prorogation channel to NLOS and LOS but also to divide the NLOS channel into hard and soft channels. Then, we created a database that includes the three parameters and the distance Bias to mitigate the NLOS channel for obtaining an accurately estimated distance to be used for creating an accurate IP system.
Finally, with the aim of applying our designs to mass market applications, we move to create a novel IP system using the UWB technology called anchor selection (AS). In this technique, we focus on using fewer sensors (anchor nodes) to locate a mobile station under harsh circumstances such as scenarios where the installation area of the anchor nodes is narrow and/or the installation time should be very short. The proposed approach is based on grouping anchor nodes in different sets and evaluating the positioning error of each of these groups by means of a novel mean squared error (MSE)-based methodology. A virtual node approach is also proposed to consider the case where position must be computed with only two anchor nodes.
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Heidari, Mohammad. "A Testbed for Real-Time Performance Evaluation of RSS-based Indoor Geolocation Systems in Laboratory Environment." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050405-144528/.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: Performance Evaluation; RSS-based fingerprinting algorithm; Testbed; Indoor Geolocation; Indoor Positioning. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).
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Taylor, Graham John. "The application of global positioning systems to the monitoring of heavy vehicle compliance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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Nellaiappan, Kalaivani. "Gobuddy - Android mobile application." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3323.
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The purpose of this application is to serve the end user of an Android Smart phone, with reliable, instantaneous and location based information on places of interest such as restaurants, gas stations, hotels, movie theaters, and the like by using the phones' built-in GPS. The basic information includes viewing the map and address of the place of interest and getting the directions to a particular place in addition to having some extra features. Contains computer source code.
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Hensley, Phillip Hayden. "Development and Analysis of a Mobile Node Tracking Antenna Control System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011810/.
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A wireless communication system allows two parties to exchange information over long distances. The antenna is the component of a wireless communication system that allows information to be converted into electromagnetic radiation that propagates through the air. A system using an antenna with a highly directional beam pattern allows for high power transmission and reception of data. For a directional antenna to serve its purpose, it must be accurately pointed at the object it is communicating with. To communicate with a mobile node, knowledge of the mobile node's position must be gained so the directional antenna can be regularly pointed toward the moving target. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides an accurate source of three-dimensional position information for the mobile node. This thesis develops an antenna control station that uses GPS information to track a mobile node and point a directional antenna toward the mobile node. Analysis of the subsystems used and integrated system test results are provided to assess the viability of the antenna control station.
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Jenkins, William George. "Real-time vehicle performance monitoring with data integrity." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Maré, Renata Maria. "Proposta e avaliação de um sistema complementar de posicionamento baseado em comunicação por luz visível aplicado a sistemas inteligentes de transporte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-26022018-144410/.
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O uso crescente de dispositivos móveis e o advento da Internet das Coisas têm demandado esforços para prover alternativas de comunicação sem fio. A utilização de sistemas óticos para a transmissão de dados apresenta-se como uma tecnologia promissora e complementar à comunicação por radiofrequência, especialmente devido aos desenvolvimentos consideráveis na tecnologia de iluminação por estado sólido e sua adoção em vários domínios. Os diodos de emissão de luz podem ser utilizados na promoção de comunicação por luz visível em ambientes internos e externos. Nos ambientes externos há inúmeras oportunidades a serem exploradas no que concerne aos Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte, visto que os diodos de emissão de luz têm sido utilizados em luminárias públicas, semáforos e veículos. Esta pesquisa propôs o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um sistema de comunicação por luz visível entre elementos da infraestrutura urbana e veículos, mais especificamente, luminárias públicas baseadas em diodos de emissão de luz e o modal de transporte público representado pelos ônibus que circulam em faixas exclusivas. A metodologia foi composta por simulação computacional e pela construção de um protótipo para auxiliar na validação das soluções propostas. O sistema complementar de comunicação sem fio por meio da luz proposto fornece pode fornecer subsídios à determinação do posicionamento preciso dos ônibus, suprindo as deficiências do sistema GPS em locais menos favoráveis à recepção de seus sinais em uma cidade. Essas informações auxiliam os usuários e os gestores do transporte público, atendendo alguns domínios de serviço em Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte, de acordo com a norma ISO 14813. Os resultados obtidos nos testes com o protótipo, bem como, aqueles observados na simulação, comprovaram a viabilidade do sistema proposto, com o estabelecimento da comunicação entre luminária e ônibus, inclusive quando trafegando a 60 km/h.The increasing use of mobile devices and the advent of the Internet of Things have called for efforts to provide alternatives for wireless communication. The use of optical systems for data transmission is a promising and complementary technology to radiofrequency communication, especially due to the considerable developments in solidstate lighting technology and its adoption in various domains. Light-emitting diodes can be used to promote visible light communication in indoor and outdoor environments. In outdoor environments there are numerous opportunities to be explored with regard to Intelligent Transport Systems, since light-emitting diodes have been used in public luminaires, traffic lights and vehicles. This research proposed the development and evaluation of a visible light communication system between elements of the urban infrastructure and vehicles, more specifically, public luminaires based on light-emitting diodes and the mode of public transport represented by buses that circulate in exclusive lanes. The methodology was composed by computational simulation and the construction of a prototype, to assist in the validation of the proposed solutions. The proposed complementary wireless communication system through light provides subsidies to determine the precise positioning of buses, supplying deficiencies of the GPS system in places less favorable to the reception of their signals in a city. This information helps the users and the managers of the public transport, attending some service domains in Intelligent Transport Systems, according to the ISO 14813 standard. The results obtained in the tests with the prototype, as well as those observed in the simulation, proved the feasibility of the proposed system, with the establishment of communication between luminaire and bus, even when traveling at 60 km/h.
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Rennæs, Karsten Fernholt. "Wireless Positioning and Collision Avoidance System." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19205.
Full textAbstract:
Early in the 1980's Jens G. Balchen wanted to create an autonomous bike, capable of driving without any help from supporting wheels or human interaction. The intriguing idea included a variety of complicated concepts and was at that time almost an impossible task to accomplish. As time progressed and both technology and equipment developed, the possibility of a driverless bike becomes more than just an idea. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) has during the later years dedicated resources, time and effort in making a reality of the concept through the project named CyberBike. Every year, clever solutions are brought to the table, adding more functionality and better designs, bringing the project closer to a complete solution of an autonomous bike.The main focus of this thesis has been to develop a system for the bikes positioning system, as well as collision avoidance. It also includes the communication made from the bike to a potential operator via wireless data transfer. The goal is to make a solution for the bike so that it could travel a given route, while communicating important data back to the observers. The task encompasses gathering the information made available by previous work, defining key areas of improvement and designing and testing a proposed solution. First, the overall design is presented, showing how the two circuit boards made as the solution are connected with possible peripherals. The technical communication challenges pertaining the wireless communication is touched upon and relevant concepts are introduced. Furthermore, the selected microcontroller for the system is presented, giving key pointers in specific areas which might be confusing. Different possible devices are then discussed for the positioning system, the wireless communication and different setups of range sensors. Testing done using the equipment explained in the thesis is presented, showing the results of the system. Improvements to the solution are introduced based on the experience obtained through the work, giving a solid basis for further work relating to the subject.
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Mocke, Charl Anthony. "Location based services : developing mobile GIS applications." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1648.
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Davies, C. J. "Parallel reality : tandem exploration of real and virtual environments." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8098.
Full textAbstract:
Alternate realities have fascinated mankind since early prehistory and with the advent of the computer and the smartphone we have seen the rise of many different categories of alternate reality that seek to augment, diminish, mix with or ultimately replace our familiar real world in order to expand our capabilities and our understanding. This thesis presents parallel reality as a new category of alternate reality which further addresses the vacancy problem that manifests in many previous alternate reality experiences. Parallel reality describes systems comprising two environments that the user may freely switch between, one real and the other virtual, both complete unto themselves. Parallel reality is framed within the larger ecosystem of previously explored alternate realities through a thorough review of existing categorisation techniques and taxonomies, leading to the introduction of the combined Milgram/Waterworth model and an extended definition of the vacancy problem for better visualising experience in alternate reality systems. Investigation into whether an existing state of the art alternate reality modality (Situated Simulations) could allow for parallel reality investigation via the Virtual Time Windows project was followed by the development of a bespoke parallel reality platform called Mirrorshades, which combined the modern virtual reality hardware of the Oculus Rift with the novel indoor positioning system of IndoorAtlas. Users were thereby granted the ability to walk through their real environment and to at any point switch their view to the equivalent vantage point within an immersive virtual environment. The benefits that such a system provides by granting users the ability to mitigate the effects of the extended vacancy problem and explore parallel real and virtual environments in tandem was experimentally shown through application to a use case within the realm of cultural heritage at a 15th century chapel. Evaluation of these user studies lead to the establishment of a number of best practice recommendations for future parallel reality endeavours.
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Ghandchi, Bahram, and Taha Saleh. "Indoor Mobile Positioning system (MPS) classification in different wireless technology domain." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17377.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this thesis work is to find and compare different network characteristics of MPS (Mobile Positioning System) in the different wireless technology domains. Since decades ago MNO’s (Mobile Network Operators) added many new services based on the geographical areas of subscribers and their needs. Here we define wireless networks and go through different types of technologies and do the comparison when they collect different types of data for their location-based services and see if we could have the same accuracy with 2G (second generation) of mobile network as like as 3G (third generation) and higher. Finally, we will come up with a proposal for new age technology.
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Mohd, Sabri Roslee. "Design of an adaptive RF fingerprint indoor positioning system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31069.
Full textAbstract:
RF fingerprinting can solve the indoor positioning problem with satisfactory accuracy, but the methodology depends on the so-called radio map calibrated in the offline phase via manual site-survey, which is costly, time-consuming and somewhat error-prone. It also assumes the RF fingerprint’s signal-spatial correlations to remain static throughout the online positioning phase, which generally does not hold in practice. This is because indoor environments constantly experience dynamic changes, causing the radio signal strengths to fluctuate over time, which weakens the signal-spatial correlations of the RF fingerprints. State-of-the-arts have proposed adaptive RF fingerprint methodology capable of calibrating the radio map in real-time and on-demand to address these drawbacks. However, existing implementations are highly server-centric, which is less robust, does not scale well, and not privacy-friendly. This thesis aims to address these drawbacks by exploring the feasibility of implementing an adaptive RF fingerprint indoor positioning system in a distributed and client-centric architecture using only commodity Wi-Fi hardware, so it can seamlessly integrate with existing Wi-Fi network and allow it to offer both networking and positioning services. Such approach has not been explored in previous works, which forms the basis of this thesis’ main contribution. The proposed methodology utilizes a network of distributed location beacons as its reference infrastructure; hence the system is more robust since it does not have any single point-of-failure. Each location beacon periodically broadcasts its coordinate to announce its presence in the area, plus coefficients that model its real-time RSS distribution around the transmitting antenna. These coefficients are constantly self-calibrated by the location beacon using empirical RSS measurements obtained from neighbouring location beacons in a collaborative fashion, and fitting the values using path loss with log-normal shadowing model as a function of inter-beacon distances while minimizing the error in a least-squared sense. By self-modelling its RSS distribution in real-time, the location beacon becomes aware of its dynamically fluctuating signal levels caused by physical, environmental and temporal characteristics of the indoor environment. The implementation of this self-modelling feature on commodity Wi-Fi hardware is another original contribution of this thesis. Location discovery is managed locally by the clients, which means the proposed system can support unlimited number of client devices simultaneously while also protect user’s privacy because no information is shared with external parties. It starts by listening for beacon frames broadcasted by nearby location beacons and measuring their RSS values to establish the RF fingerprint of the unknown point. Next, it simulates the reference RF fingerprints of predetermined points inside the target area, effectively calibrating the site’s radio map, by computing the RSS values of all detected location beacons using their respective coordinates and path loss coefficients embedded inside the received beacon frames. Note that the coefficients model the real-time RSS distribution of each location beacon around its transmitting antenna; hence, the radio map is able to adapt itself to the dynamic fluctuations of the radio signal to maintain its signal-spatial correlations. The final step is to search the radio map to find the reference RF fingerprint that most closely resembles the unknown sample, where its coordinate is returned as the location result. One positioning approach would be to first construct a full radio map by computing the RSS of all detected location beacons at all predetermined calibration points, then followed by an exhaustive search over all reference RF fingerprints to find the best match. Generally, RF fingerprint algorithm performs better with higher number of calibration points per unit area since more locations can be classified, while extra RSS components can help to better distinguish between nearby calibration points. However, to calibrate and search many RF fingerprints will incur substantial computing costs, which is unsuitable for power and resource limited client devices. To address this challenge, this thesis introduces a novel algorithm suitable for client-centric positioning as another contribution. Given an unknown RF fingerprint to solve for location, the proposed algorithm first sorts the RSS in descending order. It then iterates over this list, first selecting the location beacon with the strongest RSS because this implies the unknown location is closest to the said location beacon. Next, it computes the beacon’s RSS using its path loss coefficients and coordinate information one calibration point at a time while simultaneously compares the result with the measured value. If they are similar, the algorithm keeps this location for subsequent processing; else it is removed because distant points relative to the unknown location would exhibit vastly different RSS values due to the different site-specific obstructions encountered by the radio signal propagation. The algorithm repeats the process by selecting the next strongest location beacon, but this time it only computes its RSS for those points identified in the previous iteration. After the last iteration completes, the average coordinate of remaining calibration points is returned as the location result. Matlab simulation shows the proposed algorithm only takes about half of the time to produce a location estimate with similar positioning accuracy compared to conventional algorithm that does a full radio map calibration and exhaustive RF fingerprint search. As part of the thesis’ contribution, a prototype of the proposed indoor positioning system is developed using only commodity Wi-Fi hardware and open-source software to evaluate its usability in real-world settings and to demonstrate possible implementation on existing Wi-Fi installations. Experimental results verify the proposed system yields consistent positioning accuracy, even in highly dynamic indoor environments and changing location beacon topologies.
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Hameid, Tareg Saad. "Implementing wireless location services using Bluetooth, Global Positioning System and Java." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436241.
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Ree, Leon P. "Integration of GPS navigation with mobile telephone communications using Bluetooth wireless technology." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36167/1/36167_Ree_2002.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines Bluetooth wireless technology, a technology for low-cost, low-range and low-power transfer of data between electronic devices. It overviews the technology by providing the history behind its development and then covers the various layers of
its protocol. The uses of the technology, as specified during its development, are also presented. The future direction of Bluetooth wireless technology is summarised and a brief overview of some its main competitors is given. The main contribution of this thesis is a system that has been developed using Bluetooth wireless technology to transfer location information from a GPS receiver to a mobile telephone handset. Such a system cannot be currently purchased as an "off the shelf"
item. This system provides the user of a mobile handset with location information without the need for a separate handheld device. The design of both the hardware and
software for implementing this system is described. The system has been successfully built and tested and is to be commercialised.
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Bergen, Mark Henry. "Characterisations and recommendations for an angle-of-arrival-based optical wireless positioning system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59596.
Full textAbstract:
The rise of Optical Wireless (OW) technologies in recent years has motivated the development of many applications. While OW communication (e.g., Li-Fi, free-space optical) is the primary area of interest, OW positioning with an array of indoor optical beacons and a mobile optical receiver has begun to gain traction. Optical wireless positioning has the potential to complement GPS in indoor environments, such as buildings, where GPS is unreliable. There are several methods of OW positioning that are capable of metre to centimetre level accuracy. This thesis investigates an angle-of-arrival- (AOA-) based OW positioning system which we find capable of centimetre level position accuracy. In the past, OW positioning system analyses tended to focus on optical receiver design without considering the optical beacon geometry. Unfortunately, position accuracy of an OW positioning system greatly depends on both. As such, the AOA-based OW positioning system analysis presented in this thesis is broken into two areas: optical beacon geometry and optical receiver design. Optical beacon geometry is investigated to first quantify the performance of generalized optical beacon geometries using a dilution-of-precision (DOP) analysis, then to investigate several optical beacon geometries and identify trends to improve DOP. Optical receiver design is then carried out by first using the literature to identify a potential optical receiver architecture, then thoroughly investigating the design of that architecture to minimize measurement errors. Using the analysis results for both the optical beacon geometry and the optical receiver, an AOA-based OW positioning system is built. Theoretical and experimental position error results over a 1 m² working area are 1.68 cm and 1.7 cm ± 0.2 cm, respectively. The characterisations and recommendations in this thesis support improved AOA-based OW positioning system designs in the future.Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Van, der Merwe David Johannes. "Considerations for the implementation of the radio interferometric positioning system on a single wireless node / van der Merwe D.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7320.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to localise objects and persons is a useful ability, that is currently used in everyday
life in the form of Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. Localisation is
also useful in data networks. The ability to localise nodes in a network paves the way
for applications such as location based services, beamforming and geographic routing.
The Radio Interferometric Positioning System (RIPS), is a method originally designed
for localisation in wireless sensor networks. RIPS is a promising method due to the fact
that it is capable of localisation with high accuracy over long ranges. This is something
which other existing methods are not capable of.
RIPS makes localisation measurements in a different manner from conventional methods.
Instead of making pairwise measurements between a transmitter and receiver,
RIPS uses sets of four nodes in each of its measurements. Furthermore, RIPS requires
multiple measurements to obtain the correct RIPS measurement value. This value is
referred to as a q–range. Multiple q–ranges are required in order to localise a node.
This creates overhead in terms of co–operation between the nodes participating in a
RIPS measurement.
The focus of this research is to provide a possible solution to this problem of overhead.
In this dissertation an investigation is launched into the considerations and benefits
of implementing RIPS on a single node. This is done by creating a conceptual design
for a single wireless node capable of implementing RIPS through the use of multiple
antennas. In order to test this conceptual device, a simulation model is created.
This simulation model is then validated, verified and used in experiments designed
to test the effects of certain design considerations and variables on the conceptual device’s
localisation accuracy. The analysis of the results from these experiments shows
that the conceptual device’s use of multiple antennas makes RIPS sensitive to errors.
Increasing the distances separating the conceptual device’s antennas is found to decrease
this sensitivity to errors. This is shown to be caused by the distances separating
the antennas imposing limits on the range of q–ranges values that are possible, with
smaller distances resulting in smaller ranges of possible q–range values. It is also found
that the use of higher frequencies in RIPS measurements results in greater accuracy.
This is with the assumption that these frequencies can be accurately transmitted.Thesis (M.Ing. (Computer and Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Gutiérrez, Enrique García. "Outdoor localization system based on Android and ZigBee capable devices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5353.
Full textAbstract:
Context. Localization and positioning services are nowadays very extended and the growth is still continuing. Many places already provide wireless tracking systems to monitor the people or material movements, specially indoors. The new arising ZigBee wireless technology provides an efficient network management and a low battery consumption, making it appropriate for location purposes in portable devices like mobile phones. Objectives. The aim is to locate a ZigBee device located inside a golf ball that has been lost within an outdoors area. An Android phone connected to a ZigBee device via USB will serve as coordinator of the localization network and by giving on-screen instructions and guidance provided by the conceptual Decision Support System (DSS). Methods. The measurement used in the localization process is the Received Signal Strength (RSS). With this data, the distance between the sensors can be estimated. However to obtain an accurate position several readings from different sensors might be needed. This paper tests the precision levels of the ZigBee modules varying the number of sensors in the localization network and using the triangulation method. Results. The precision is the main variable measured in the results, which reaches distance variation of less than 1 meter in cases where the triangulation approach can be applied. For the localization process, the use of less than three sensors lead to very poor results, obtaining a wrong localization in around 30\% of the cases. Also, movement patterns were discovered to improve the localization process. All this data can be used as an input for the DSS for future improvements. Conclusions. This study proves that outdoor positioning with ZigBee devices is possible if the required level of precision is not very high. However, more studies concerning localization with less than three sensors have to be conducted to try to reach the goal of one-on-one localization. This study opens the door for further investigations in this matter.
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Rieser, Christian James. "Design and Implementation of a Swept Time Delay Short Pulse (SSTDSP) Wireless Channel Sounder for LMDS." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35113.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the theoretical development, design, and implementation of a novel measurement system, called a Sampling Swept Time Delay Short Pulse (SSTDSP) wireless channel sounder, capable of real time in field performance characterization of high speed fixed wireless links. The SSTDSP sounder has been designed to provide vital performance metrics for fixed point high data rate applications in the 28 GHz LMDS band at a fraction of the cost and complexity of existing wideband channel sounders.
The SSTDSP sounder monitors the behavior of the LMDS channel by sampling the impulse response of the channel in real time. This digitized impulse response is used to assemble a power delay profile and render real-time channel performance metrics such as the mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, maximum excess delay for a given multipath threshold, and coherence bandwidth. The SSTDSP sounder is capable of recording these metrics through three modes of operation - continuous channel monitoring, single instant channel snapshot, or data logging. Swept time delay time dilation processing is combined with precise sample and hold gating to reduce the analog to digital converter sampling rate required to digitize the nanosecond short pulses from 2 Gsps to 1 Msps, while retaining the required effective Nyquist sampling rate of 2 Gsps. This dramatically reduces the memory, digital signal processing, and data logging storage requirements as well as the overall cost of the sounder system.
The thesis presents the theory behind channel sounding and discusses whether there is a "bounce path" available to LMDS. Several existing channel sounding methods are compared for this application. A number of specific design and performance criteria from each of these methods are synthesized to produce the Sampling Swept Time Delay Short Pulse Sounder architecture. The design and implementation process used to realize the SSTDSP sounder is presented, including a system overview, module details, and algorithm development details. A calibration and measurement test procedure is outlined and system verification results are presented.
Current work in progress on the test platform and future improvements to the modular system are outlined, as well as conclusions and future implications of the system.
Master of Science
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Aguilar, David Pedro. "A framework for evaluating the computational aspects of mobile phones." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002390.
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Modaresi, Mahyar. "System and Method for Passive Radiative RFID Tag Positioning in Realtime for both Elevation and Azimuth Directions." Thesis, KTH, Communication Systems, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24562.
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In this thesis, design and realization of a system which enables precise positioning of RFID tags in both azimuth and elevation angles is explained. The positioning is based on measuring the phase difference between four Yagi antennas placed in two arrays. One array is placed in the azimuth plane and the other array is perpendicular to the first array in the elevation plane. The phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the azimuth array is used to find the position of RFID tag in the horizontal direction. For the position in the vertical direction, the phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the elevation plane is used. After that the position of tag in horizontal and vertical directions is used to control the mouse cursor in the horizontal and vertical directions on the computer screen. In this way by attaching one RFID tag to a plastic rod, a wireless pen is implemented which enables drawing in the air by using a program like Paint in Windows. Simulated results show that the resolution of the tag positioning in the system is in the order of 3mm in a distance equal to 0.5 meter in front of the array with few number of averaging over the received phase data. Using the system in practice reveals that it is easily possible to write and draw with this RFID pen. In addition it is argued how the system is totally immune to any counterfeit attempt for faked drawings by randomly changing the transmitting antenna in the array. This will make the system a novel option for human identity verification.
QC 20100920
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Marques, Patric Janner. "Proposta de sistema de determinação da posição de cadeira de rodas em ambiente inteligente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/100124.
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No Brasil existem milhões de brasileiros com algum tipo de dificuldade de locomoção, sendo que grande parte dessas pessoas com deficiência necessita de cadeira de rodas para se locomover. Com o fato de existirem inúmeros de brasileiros cadeirantes, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias ditas ¨assistivas¨, ou seja, tecnologias que visam assistir estas pessoas em suas atividades, tem recebido uma crescente atenção, tanto do ponto de vista de negócios (com o aumento de produtos), como de pesquisas acadêmicas. Dentre estas linhas de pesquisa, a integração entre cadeiras de rodas automatizadas com sistemas de automação predial e residencial está entre as linhas de pesquisa de maior destaque, pois tem como objetivo tornar a vida do usuário de cadeira de rodas mais produtiva e cômoda, contribuindo para sua independência. Os sistemas de automação predial e residencial mais complexos elevam o nível de um ambiente automatizado para um ambiente inteligente, pois tornam o nível de abstração maior, fornecendo serviços de forma pervasiva. O ambiente inteligente necessita de informações para que possa oferecer seus serviços ao cadeirante, e uma informação importante seria a localização da cadeira de rodas automatizada. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe um sistema de localização em interiores para cadeiras de rodas automatizadas em ambientes inteligentes. A proposta combina Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) e a tecnologia RFID, onde as etiquetas RFID são utilizadas como marcos de referências para a calibração automática dos parâmetros da RSSF, que convencionalmente são obtidos de forma experimental. O estudo de caso para validar o sistema de localização proposto foi realizado numa sala automatizada no prédio da Engenharia Elétrica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) como ambiente inteligente, e uma cadeira de rodas automatizada adaptada para se comunicar com a RSSF. Além deste estudo de caso, foram realizados outros experimentos com intuito de avaliar qual método geraria os melhores resultados para o sistema de localização baseado em RSSF e a tecnologia RFID, combinando diferentes modelos de propagação de sinal RF e diferentes formas de calibrar os parâmetros da rede. Além disso, outras questões sobre o sistema de localização proposto foram analisadas, como por exemplo, a influência do aumento da quantidade de nós da rede na exatidão do sistema, o comportamento do sistema quando, para um mesmo cenário, o sentido do percurso é invertido, e a influência do leiaute dos nós da rede no desempenho do sistema.In Brazil there are millions of people with some kind of limited mobility, and that most of these disabled people need a wheelchair to get around. With the fact that there are millions of wheelchair users, the development of assistive technologies, i.e. technologies to assist these people in their activities, has received increasing attention both from the standpoint of business (with the increase of products), as academic research. Among these lines of research, the integration of automated wheelchairs with home automation systems are among the research areas of greatest importance because it aims to make the user's life more productive and comfortable, contributing to their independence. The home automation systems more complex increase the level of an automated environment for intelligent environment, as they make the higher level of abstraction, providing pervasive services. The intelligent environment needs information so it can offer your services to the wheelchair user, and important information would be the location of the automated wheelchair. Within this context, this paper proposes an indoor positioning system for wheelchairs in intelligent environments. The proposal combines Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and RFID technology, where RFID tags are used as landmark for automatic calibration of the parameters of WSN, which are conventionally obtained experimentally. The case study to validate the proposed indoor positioning system was performed at an automated room in the building of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with the intelligent environment and automated wheelchair adapted to communicate with the WSN. In addition to the case study, other experiments in order to assess which method would produce the best results for the localization system based on RFID and WSN, combining different radio propagation model and different forms of calibrate the parameters of the WSN. In addition, other questions about the proposed indoor positioning system were analyzed, for example, the influence of increasing the amount of network nodes on the system accuracy, the behavior of the system for the same scenario when the direction of travel is reversed, and the influence of the layout of the network nodes on the system performance.
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Gomes, Rui Pedro Lebreiro. "Fine-Grained localization system for indoor environments." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13534.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e de TelecomunicaçõesThe increasing demand for tracking solutions in indoor environments has led to the development of many indoor location systems based in the most diverse technologies. They are trying to fill a market niche left by the current available location systems such as the well-known Global Positioning System (GPS). These systems are limited to an outdoor usage due to the drastic attenuation of the GPS signals in closed areas and they cannot provide enough resolution to meet the requirements of certain applications. Therefore, it’s here proposed the conception of a system capable of locating a mobile module in indoor environments with an accuracy of a few centimeters. The system’s concept is based in measuring the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between a radio frequency signal and an ultrasonic burst in order to measure distances. The huge difference between the propagation velocities of RF waves comparatively to sound waves allows the system to accurately measure the time difference between the two arrivals and use that value to estimate the distance that separates the source from the destination. This document describes the development of all the necessary hardware for the conception of a final prototype and all the aspects regarding the software implementation. This system is composed by two types of devices that can be divided in Ultrasonic (US) transmitters and receivers. Each device is equipped with a RF module that allows them to communicate through a wireless network based in the IEEE802.15.4 protocol. In the end, a functional prototype was achieved that was subsequently submitted to several tests in order to evaluate its performance. These tests corroborated the viability of this localization method with the prototype achieving a remarkable precision level.
A crescente demanda por soluções de rastreamento em ambientes interiores levou ao desenvolvimento de vários sistemas de localização baseados nas mais diversas tecnologias. Eles vêm tentar colmatar um nicho de mercado deixado pelos sistemas de localização actualmente disponíveis como o caso do bem conhecido Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS). Estes sistemas estão limitados ao uso exterior devido à drástica atenuação dos sinais GPS em áreas fechadas e eles não oferecem resolução suficiente para cumprir os requisitos de certas aplicações. Por conseguinte, é aqui proposta a concepção de um sistema capaz de localizar um módulo móvel em ambientes interiores com uma resolução de alguns centímetros. O conceito do sistema é baseado na medição da diferença dos tempos de chegada entre um sinal de radiofrequência e um sinal de ultra-sons de forma a calcular distâncias. A enorme diferença entre as velocidades de propagação das ondas RF comparativamente às ondas sonoras permitem ao sistema medir com precisão a diferença entre o tempo de chegada dos dois sinais e usar esse valor para estimar a distância que separa a fonte do destino. Este documento descreve o desenvolvimento de todo o hardware necessário para a concepção de um protótipo bem como todos os aspectos relativos à implementação de software. Este sistema é composto por dois tipos de dispositivos que podem ser divididos em transmissores e receptores de sinais ultrassónicos. Cada dispositivo está equipado com um módulo de radiofrequência que lhes permite comunicar através de uma rede sem fios baseada no protocolo IEEE802.15.4. No final, foi alcançado um protótipo funcional que posteriormente foi submetido a vários testes de forma a avaliar o seu desempenho. Estes testes vieram corroborar a viabilidade deste método de localização com o protótipo a atingir um notável nível de precisão.
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TSAI, CHIEN-PING, and 蔡建平. "The Study for Developing Wireless Positioning Systems." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70079742705511927560.
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碩士醒吾技術學院
資訊科技應用研究所
97
It may enhance the development for the applications in location based services by the availability of accurate position deriving from the existed wireless infrastructure. The national M-Taiwan project significantly increases the coverage of the Wide-band wireless of Wi-Fi system in Taiwan. The accurate positioning models based on the Wi-Fi signal are therefore having more advantages in developing location base service applications in Taiwan. However, the data collection for the constructing the locating model is a time consuming process, this study is therefore to integrate internet, GPS, data communication and database technologies to develop a robot platform to collect information automatically. The data collection route and conditions may be given via data table while information regarding the location and wireless data are stored in the database. With the developed procedure and pre-process code, the data for developing locating model are provided. In order to evaluate the availabilities of the database mentioned above, interpolating, moving average and Kalman filter are used to the pre-process data while a neural network model are used to construct location models and evaluate the performance of them. The developed platform can provide the effective way to collect Wi-Fi information in an existed wireless infrastructure environment while the data with the pre-process procedure provide information to build a relative higher accurate locating model. The results showed that the information in constructing a locating model for a three-level U-type corridor with the size of a 180mx30m , the simulation locating error is 2.25m within 80% of testing points.
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CHEN, CHIEN-LIANG, and 陳建良. "Neural Network Based Wireless Indoor Positioning Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10987099495943528700.
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碩士中華大學
電機工程學系(所)
98
With the every-changing technology, positioning systems are now widely used in biological information, emergency rescue, public facilities and personal use, not just in the military aspect. There are various ways to know the location of the user. It commonly used the global positioning system to know about the user’s location in the outdoor space. However, the global positioning system in the indoor environment indoor is vulnerable to interference, etc. It results that global positioning system can not be effectively used in the indoor environment. Therefore, in recent years, many researchers have used the techniques of wireless sensor networks to implement for indoor wireless positioning system. This type of indoor positioning systems can make use of received signal strength or the link quality indication measurement to achieve location-based services. This paper first use the mean of the link quality indication to reduce the receiver link quality indication of the noise interference, then following by radial basis function network trained to identify the location of user. The Zigbee wireless sensor modules is implemented in the system. Experimental results show that the use of multiple radial basis function network accuracy is better than other methods available to the average error of 1.47 meters. This study can be applied to random distribution of wireless sensor networks, the future will provide a wide range of location-based services.
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Chen, Ta-Chun. "Measure Point Selection Algorithms for Wireless Indoor Positioning Systems." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2707200420365700.
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Chen, Ta-Chun, and 陳大鈞. "Measure Point Selection Algorithms for Wireless Indoor Positioning Systems." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e47fhp.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
92
Recently, the service of indoor positioning system has gradually become a hot issue; and with the maturation of IEEE 802.11 wireless technology, it has been the first choice for indoor positioning system. Owing to the sensitivity of RF signal of 802.11 which may attenuated by obstacles and human body, traditional outdoor positioning algorithm, such as triangle positioning algorithm, is not suitable to use for indoor positioning. In order to accurately position in indoor space, many researches have pointed out that a previously built RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) database is necessary. By comparing the RSS vector received at mobile nodes with RSSI database, we can precisely position the location of mobile users. However, collecting RSS for all grids of indoor space costs lots of human resource. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a method, which selects measure points elaborately, and collocates with a nice RSS inference algorithm, and then we can build up well RSSI database with relatively lower cost. In this research we proposed a method that selects suitable quantity of measure points at elaborately selected locations, and infers the signal strength of the other points based on these selected measure points to reduce signal strength collecting cost.
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張伯青. "An Industry Analysis of Taiwan's Wireless Positioning Systems Services." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39362887461465898621.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班科技管理組
94
The Wireless Positioning Systems Services include many application fields of GPS and LBS. It need experienced system integrated companies while implementing this system, that is to say, the service will be the key role in this field. The characteristics of this service with high technical complexity and high fields integration fit to the Knowledge Intensive Business Service system. This thesis uses the Innovation Intensive Service (IIS) model as a framework and study the Taiwan's Wireless Positioning Systems Services using this model. This study uses the Innovation Intensive Service (IIS) model as a framework and the analyze the service value activities and externalities at the industrial level of the Wireless Positioning Systems Services. We use the characteristics of IIS matrix that contains 4 service packages and 5 innovation fields to realize and discuss the strategic position and the trend of Wireless Positioning Systems Services industry. According to the literature review, the research methods include expert interview、general survey and statistics analysis for the KSF of service value activities and externalities. The business models of Taiwan's Wireless Positioning Systems Services include consumer market、niche market and businees and industrial market. Results of the case study show that the present positions are at the Generic、Unique and Selective and Restricted Service Package of Product Innovation seperately. The future trends are at the Generic、Selective Service Package of Market Innovation and Selective and Restricted Service Package of Process Innovation seperately. We recommend that the relative companies should allocate resources in these strategy positions preferentially to enhance the competitive advantages of Taiwan's Wireless Positioning Systems Services industry.
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Atia, MOHAMED. "NONLINEAR ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7859.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most popular positioning system among some operational Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, GNSS suffer from accuracy deterioration and interruption of services in dense urban areas and are almost unavailable indoors. Although high-sensitivity receivers improve signal acquisition indoors, multipath is still be a challenging problem that affects accuracy especially indoors where a direct line of sight between transmitter and receiver almost never exist. Moreover, the wireless signal features are significantly jeopardized by obstacles and constructions indoors. To address these challenges, this research came in the context of proposing an alternative positioning system that is designed for GPS-denied environment and especially for indoors. Cramer-Rao Lower-Bound (CRLB) analysis was used to estimate the lower bound accuracy of different positioning methods indoors. Based on CRLB analysis, this research approached the wireless positioning problem indoors utilizing received signal strength (RSS) to achieve the following: 1) Developing new estimation methods to model the wireless RSS patterns in indoors. 2) Designing adaptive RSS-based wireless positioning methods for indoors. 3) Establishing a consistent framework for indoor wireless positioning systems. 4) Developing new methods to integrate inertial/odometer-based navigation systems with the developed wireless positioning methods for further improvements. The theoretical basis of the work was built on nonlinear stochastic estimation techniques including Particle Filtering, Gaussian Process Regression, Fast Orthogonal Search, Least-Squares, and Radial Basis Functions Neural Networks. All the proposed wireless positioning methods were developed and physically realized on Android-based smart-phones using the IEEE 802.11 WLANs (WiFi). In addition, successful integration with inertial/odometer sensors of mobile robots has been performed on embedded systems. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results showed significant improvements in modeling RSS indoors dynamically without offline training achieving a positioning accuracy of 1-3 meters. Sub-meter accuracy was achieved via integration with inertial/odometer sensors.Thesis (Ph.D, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-03-25 16:11:59.518
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Lo, Sung-Ming, and 羅崧銘. "Development of a Transmission Power based Platform for Wireless Sensor Network Positioning Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j7a848.
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碩士國立交通大學
電控工程研究所
103
With the rapid evolutions of wireless communications and embedded systems technology, wireless sensor network has developed swiftly. Location system, one of the important applications of wireless sensor networks, is widely used in engineering, medical, traffic and personal positioning. Currently Autonomous vehicle is one of the very popular researches. The major goal of this study is to develop wireless sensor network guidance systems which materialize wireless sensor network technique via the IEEE 802.15.4 communication protocol. The core chip of designed system is named for CC2530 controller which has embedded Transceiver and is produced by Texas Instruments. The proposed method for distance measurement is based on transmission power adjustment. The study designs vehicle guidance control laws, and the systems can control the forward direction of the vehicle by the laws which are designed. Finally, the vehicle can arrive at the setting target.
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Chao, Wei-Kai, and 趙唯凱. "Mobile Positioning and Tracking with NLOS Identification and Reduction in Wireless Cellular Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98870102487903769160.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
96
In this dissertation, a mobile positioning and tracking scheme, which is based on NLOS identification and NLOS-reduced distance measurements, is proposed to estimate the location of a mobile station (MS) in wireless cellular systems. The contributions of this dissertation include the followings. First, by assuming specific statistic models (more precisely speaking, GRS or GES distributions) for the NLOS (non-line-of-sight) errors, we are able to distinguish the NLOS measurements from the LOS (line-of-sight) ones. We estimate the relevant parameters of these models after measurements have been made on the distances and possibly directions between an MS and its nearby base stations (BS's), and then compare these parameters to certain thresholds. By simulation, the proposed algorithm is tested and compared to an existing method found in the literature. In addition to the conventional performance index for evaluating the accuracy of identification in terms of detection probabilities and false alarm probabilities, a new performance index, which takes into account the entire ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve, is proposed in this dissertation. The evaluation based on the newly proposed index shows the same trends in performance regarding the various dentification methods as the conventional index. Experimental results show that the identification performance of our scheme is very good and consistent. Second, through GRS and GES models for the NLOS errors, we propose a scheme that significantly reduces the NLOS error’s effect on the accuracy of mobile positioning. The measurements can come from the time of arrival (TOA), the time sum of arrival (TSOA), the time difference of arrival (TDOA), and the angle of arrival (AOA). They are in general corrupted with measurement noise and NLOS error. The NLOS error is the dominant factor that degrades the accuracy of mobile positioning. Regardless of which of the first three measurement types (i.e. TOA, TSOA, or TDOA) is used, the proposed scheme computes the MS’s location in a mathematically unified way. By identifying the NLOS TOA measurements, we are able to find the TOA’s that are not or only slightly corrupted with NLOS errors. We call them nearly NLOS-error-free TOA measurements. From the signals associated with these TOA measurements, AOA information can be obtained and used to aid the MS positioning. Finally, by combining the proposed MS positioning method with Kalman filtering, we propose a scheme to track the movement of the MS. Experimental results show that there exists a significantly different consequence between the two different models (i.e. GRS and GES distributions) for the NLOS errors. Furthermore, we also compare the accuracy of mobile positioning among some methods. In most cases, experimental results show that our scheme performs better in both the GRS and the GES cases.
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Wu, Jen-Chieh, and 吳仁傑. "Wireless Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Phased-Array Techniques and Related Phase Shifter MMICs Design." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49445052586964622473.
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博士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
99
In this dissertation work, two wireless indoor positioning systems aiming for decimeter positioning accuracy, low circuit complexity, and multipath suppression, were investigated and developed. In both systems, only the received signal strength (RSS) information is required for the target’s direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation so that the system complexity as well as infrastructure cost can be significantly reduced. However, large positioning error could occur due to the multi-path fading effect on the received signal strength. Therefore, the indoor multipath channel modeling for linear and planar array was also derived mathematically. To eliminate the multipath signals, two positioning technologies were proposed, including the non-orthogonal beamforming and the selection-and-average error correct algorithm. The first wireless indoor positioning system based on the non-orthogonal beam linear arrays was implemented by incorporating two linear array receivers to determine the position of target. The circular-polarized antenna array with high directivity was chosen to suppress the multipath interference. In addition, the beam orthogonality was demoted on purpose so that the angular position can be estimated based on the power ratio of two adjacent beams. The second wireless indoor positioning system was implemented by using a 2×2 planar array with the selection-and-average error correction algorithm. The multiple power ratio detection curves were generated due to the beam steering, while the selection-and-average error correction algorithm was proposed to improve the location accuracy. The proposed 2-D precise DOA estimation can be achieved by 1-D pattern calibrations in two axils only. Additionally, numerous tunable phase shifter MMICs, which are the essential component in phased array system, were designed and implemented aiming for low loss-variation performance over quadrants of phase-shift range. The inductively over-coupled quadrature hybrids were theoretically analyzed, such that the phase, amplitude imbalance, and circuit size can be significantly reduced. During the course of this work, four phase shifters MMICs designed at 2.45, 24, and 60 GHz were implemented in 0.18-um CMOS technology.