Journal articles: 'Witch trial'

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Van Khaaske, Leionis Aanris. "The Image of Witch in the Documents of the Salem Witch-Trial." Ethnic Culture 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97978.

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The article attempts to reconstruct the image of a witch based on the interrogation records of those accused of witchcraft during the Salem trial (Massachusetts, North America, 1692) and related materials. The subject of research is the phenomenon of prosecution on those accused of witchcraft. The source base are the records of the Salem process, transcribed and published in 1977, as well as a number of documentary testimonies of witnesses, speaking from a puritanical viewpoint. The article examines the features of the mythological worldview of traditional society, dictated by the belief in supernatural influence (witchcraft). After analyzing the interrogation records of the first accused during this trial and considering a number of their biographical data, the author comes to the conclusion that the situation demonstrated by this trial is paradoxical: in fact, arbitrary people are subjected to persecution, and the reconstruction of the image of a witch that could underlie such accusations, does not seem possible. The author's conclusions are essential for the study of both the phenomenon of witch-trials and the mentality of traditional society. This article was conducted from an imagological perspective relevant to modern social studies.

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GULSTAD, WILLIAM. "MOCK-TRIAL OR WITCH-TRIAL IN KING LEAR ?" Notes and Queries 41, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/41-4-494.

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Clifton, Chas S. "A Texas Witch On Trial." Journal of Religion and Violence 6, no. 3 (2018): 346–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv20191959.

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Parish, Helen. "“Paltrie Vermin, Cats, Mise, Toads, and Weasils”: Witches, Familiars, and Human-Animal Interactions in the English Witch Trials." Religions 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020134.

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This article explores the role played by the relationship between witch and familiar in the early modern witch trials. It positions animal familiars at the intersection of early modern belief in witchcraft and magic, examining demonologies, legal and trial records, and print pamphlets. Read together, these sources present a compelling account of human-animal interactions during the period of the witch trials, and shed light upon the complex beliefs that created the environment in which the image of the witch and her familiar took root. The animal familiar is positioned and discussed at the intersection of writing in history, anthropology, folklore, gender, engaging with the challenge articulated in this special issue to move away from mono-causal theories and explore connections between witchcraft, magic, and religion.

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Weisman, Richard, and Bernard Rosenthal. "Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trial of 1692." William and Mary Quarterly 52, no. 1 (January 1995): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946900.

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Holtz, Shalom E. "Maqlû i.73–121 and Trial Procedure." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 17, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341290.

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Abstract In the Akkadian anti-witchcraft ritual Maqlû, the incantation in i.73–121 exemplifies the theme of conducting adjudicatory proceedings against the witch in the divine courtroom. In particular, the patient’s presentation of the witch in effigy and the demand for judgment accord well with similar features attested in Neo-Babylonian trial records. Study of the incantation in light of these court records reveals the incantation’s attention to the details of legal procedure.

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Sneddon, Andrew. "“Creative” Microhistories, Difficult Heritage, And “Dark” Public History: The Islandmagee Witches (1711) Project." Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/preternature.11.1.0109.

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ABSTRACT This article charts a decade-long project on the trial of the Islandmagee witches in County Antrim (Northern Ireland) in 1711. The project comprised three overlapping and connected phases that negotiated a pathway between researching the history of the trial, its interpretative representation in public discourse, and finding impactful ways to bring this research to wider audiences. It demonstrates that creatively and carefully pitched, microhistories of specific trials can fruitfully add to key historiographical debates in witchcraft studies but when combined with sustained, targeted dissemination and co-produced and collaborative public history, it can open up hidden, but important parts of cultural history and dark heritage to wider audiences. This is especially important in countries such as Northern Ireland that have largely overlooked their witch hunting past and where public remembrance and commemoration of witch trials can be difficult and provoke controversy.

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Wesch, Michael. "A Witch Hunt in New Guinea: Anthropology on Trial." Anthropology & Humanism 32, no. 1 (June 2007): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ahu.2007.32.1.4.

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Heđbeli, Živana. "New Archival Legislation: the Witch Hunt." Atlanti 28, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.28.2.13-24(2018).

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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 entered in force in Croatia on May 25, 2018. General Data Protection Regulation regulations still have to be applied. On June 29, 2018 the Croatian Parliament has proclaimed Law on Archives and Archival Records. Personal data of the persons that filled public posts and were members or collaborate of the security services till the May 30, 1990 are accessible without any restrictions regarding the part on performing duties or services. In Croatia there is no person that has been subject to trial only because he/she filled public posts and was members or collaborates of the security services during the socialism. There is no law that will make such trials possible. There are no official registers, released by the competent bodies, which list public officers, members or collaborates of the security service till the May 30, 1990. The unavoidable question arises regarding what criteria archivist should use to determine these persons, where to find relevant data. Why a task that is not and should not be competence of an archive is enforced on archives.

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Petykó, Márton. "Discursive (re)construction of “witchcraft” as a community and “witch” as an identity in the eighteenth-century Hungarian witchcraft trial records." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00003.pet.

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Abstract This paper provides a qualitative historical (socio)pragmatic analysis of records of three eighteenth-century Hungarian witchcraft trials using a socio-cognitive model of discursive community and identity construction. I aim to describe how the general social and legal context of witchcraft became situated and interpreted in the actual witchcraft trial records from the delegated officials’ perspective. I argue that in the analysed records, the officials did not simply apply a codified definition of “witchcraft”, but they discursively (re)constructed “witchcraft” as a community and “witch” as the defendants’ identity. Thus, from the officials’ perspective, discursive community and identity construction established a relationship between the general context of witchcraft and the actual witchcraft trials. In order to reconstruct this process, I investigate the linguistic constructs by which the delegated officials actively created “witchcraft” and the defendants’ “witch” identity as mental constructs.

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Sneddon, Andrew. "Select document: Florence Newton's trial for witchcraft, Cork, 1661: Sir William Aston's transcript." Irish Historical Studies 43, no. 164 (November 2019): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2019.55.

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AbstractThis article examines the sole extant and complete set of signed witness statements for an Irish witchcraft trial. These testimonies were given at Florence Newton's trial for witchcraft at Cork assizes in September 1661, and were signed by the presiding judge, Sir William Aston. The Aston manuscript has been annotated and transcribed in its full, original form for the first time, providing historians with a unique document with which to explore one of the few Irish witchcraft trials. This article also provides suggestions for new ways of looking at the case, and more importantly demonstrates that Newton was not, as once thought, put to death for witchcraft under the 1586 Irish Witchcraft Act but died during her trial. Furthermore, taken in the context of early modern European witchcraft, the case is shown to be an important example of a witch trial occurring in a highly gendered, contested, post-conflict society.

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Rowlands, Alison. "Father Confessors and Clerical Intervention in Witch-Trials in Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Germany: The Case of Rothenburg, 1692*." English Historical Review 131, no. 552 (October 1, 2016): 1010–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew341.

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Abstract In 1692 a woman named Barbara Ehness was awaiting execution for attempted murder by poison in the Lutheran imperial city of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. She requested spiritual solace, and three Lutheran clerics duly visited her in gaol. As a result of their intervention, Barbara was, at first, persuaded to admit she was a witch, and that she had attended witches’ gatherings where she had seen several other (named) Rothenburg inhabitants. However, Barbara soon retracted these denunciations, telling the city councillors that she had been forced into making them by one of the three clerics who had visited her in gaol, the territory’s chief ecclesiastical official, Church Superintendent Sebastian Kirchmeier. This article offers a close analysis and contextualisation of this richly detailed trial (which included a lengthy defence of his actions by Kirchmeier), exploring Kirchmeier’s motivations, why the councillors refused to follow his witch-hunting lead, and how the case fitted into the wider context of urban politics. The potentially abusive role of father confessors had already been identified by some seventeenth-century critics of witch-hunts (beginning with Friedrich Spee in 1631), but the confidentiality of the confessor–sinner relationship has usually meant that no record of it is left to us in specific cases. The exposure of Kirchmeier’s intervention in the Ehness trial thus gives us a unique insight into how one father confessor tried (and failed) to use his relationship with a prisoner to influence a trial outcome, and to start a witch-hunt, based on the denunciations of alleged sabbath-attenders whom he suggested to her.

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Rokkedahl, Benedikte X. "Trondheims siste heksebrenning. Trolldomsprosessen mot Finn-Kirsten [The last witch burning of Trondheim. The witch trial of Finn-Kirsten]." Scandinavian Journal of History 42, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2017.1322775.

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van Haaske, Lejonis Aanris. "Accusatory discourse of the Salem witch trial: the experience of imagological analysis." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.2.35055.

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The object of this research is the imagery underlying the accusation of witchcraft within the framework of the Salem witch trial (colonial Massachusetts, 1692). The author reviews the imagery that is directly related to the witchcraft discourse, as well as the general principles of accusations of witchcraft. Emphasis is placed on the impact of such imagery upon the collective consciousness of the Puritan community in North America in the XVII century. Special attention is turned to the mythological symbols reflected in the discourse of justice. The article is prepared within the framework of the authorial project on studying the influence of the imagery of fear on social behavior in history. The fact of randomness of accusations was established. The leading imagery, which was the cause for the accusation of witchcraft, is revealed. The ultimate role of fear of supernatural influence in this trial is recognized. The author notes the prime importance of fear as an actor of collective action and the importance of studying this phenomenon in the context of historical science. The conclusion is drawn on impossibility of interpretation of the Salem trial as an instance of aggression towards the persons who have a special (socioeconomic, religious, or marginal) status within the community. The novelty of this research consists in the use of formal legal sources in the analysis of cultural space in the imagological context.

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Collins, Derek. "The Trial of Theoris of Lemnos: A 4th Century Witch or Folk Healer?" Western Folklore 59, no. 3/4 (2000): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1500236.

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Warren Johnson, Brian. "Legislating the witch: a genealogy of juridical thought." Culture & History Digital Journal 7, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.021.

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Long before the prosecution of individuals for witchcraft was rendered a legal impossibility in the states of modern Europe, the judicial and executive institutions of those states and their precursors were decisive in both legitimating and moderating, facilitating and constraining the detection, trial, and execution of alleged witches. If we are to impute more than unresolved cognitive dissonance to this paradoxical relationship of the apparatus of state to the perceived reality and threat of witchcraft, then the preconditions and contextual factors predicating that relationship bear investigation. This paper identifies genealogical traces of criminological, political, social, and religious thought embedded within several pivotal bodies of early-modern law pertaining to witchcraft, and attempts to infer the cultural, institutional, and textual sources and conditions from which they derive.

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Diver. "Jane Eyre and Social Justice: How to Survive a (Victorian) “Witch” Trial." Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural 9, no. 2 (2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/preternature.9.2.0209.

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Henderson, Lizanne. "The Survival of Witchcraft Prosecutions and Witch Belief in South-West Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 85, no. 1 (April 2006): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2006.0015.

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During the era of the Scottish witch-hunts, Dumfries and Galloway was one of the last regions to initiate witch prosecutions, but it was also one of the most reluctant to completely surrender all belief in witches until a comparatively late date. In the late seventeeth and early eighteenth centuries south-west Scotland, better known for the persecution of covenanters, took the practice of witchcraft and charming very seriously indeed, and for perhaps longer than other parts of Scotland, though the area has received surprisingly little scholarly investigation. The trial evidence is not incompatible with that found elsewhere though there is less demonic content. Accusations of witchcraft in this region were mostly concerned with the troubles of everyday life, agricultural problems, family tensions and disagreements between neighbours. From 1670 to about 1740, the very decades that were giving birth to the Scottish Enlightenment, learned interest in the supernatural was actually on the increase and the topic received an unprecedented level of questioning, investigation, and scrutiny. Ironically, the ‘superstitions’ that both church and state had been attempting to eradicate for some two hundred years were now being used to defend religion against the growing threat of atheism. The zeal of the ministers does seem to have contributed to the endurance of witch beliefs in the South West, as elsewhere. Against this backdrop, the survival of witch belief and the continued prosecution of witches in southwest Scotland is examined, thus contributing to our understanding of the individualistic nature of witch persecution and the various dynamics at play within the Scottish witch-hunting experience.

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Nagpal, R., and E. M. D. Warrier. "Informed Consent: Pitfalls in a Patriarchal & Poorly Literate Society." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S612—S613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.974.

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The judiciary enquiring suomotu into deaths following an oncology trial in central India opened a can of worms. Searching investigation suggested that informed consent was only a cosmetic exercise and the victim was usually illiterate, poor and for a monetary reward and without being informed of the consequences of the intervention, subjected to a drug trial. Further, the process of informed consent was dispensed with and “patient” was asked to sign at the bottom of the document, no questions asked. The ‘patient’ in these trials usually is from the urban poor or deeply patriarchal, poorly literate rural hinterland. This led to a media outcry, a witch-hunt, indictments, penal action and the regulatory body now insisting on a video filmed informed consent. The wheel has truly turned full circle. The regulators while seeking idealistic regulation seem to live in a utopian world. The patriarchal and illiterate populace of rural India is far removed from the rarefied world of videotaped informed consent and presents an ethically quixotic situation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Williams, Gerhild Scholz, Frank Baron, and Johann Spies. "Faustus on Trial: The Origins of Johann Spies's Historia in an Age of Witch Hunting." German Quarterly 68, no. 4 (1995): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/407816.

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Ostling, Michael. "‘Poison and Enchantment Rule Ruthenia.’ Witchcraft, Superstition, and Ethnicity in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth." Russian History 40, no. 3-4 (2013): 488–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04004013.

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How shall one understand the evidence adduced before the Kraków court against an alleged witch in 1713: that “she has lived in Ruthenia”? This article unpacks the context and effects of the early modern Polish stereotype of Ruthenian magic. Both superstition and ethnicity could be used as resources for what David Chidester calls “sub-classification,” the categorization of others as less than fully human. Both humanist poetry and ribald satire made use of such sub-classification to construct German Lutheran “heretics” as learned practitioners of literate black magic, in contrast to simple Ruthenians who, in their comic country-bumptiousness, made poor candidates for a thorough-going demonization. The Witch Denounced, a (likely Jesuit) anti-witch-trial polemic of the 17th century, deploys such ethnic stereotype to defend merely superstitious Polish and Ruthenian “witches,” redirecting attention toward the threat of heretical Reform. Thus the accused Kraków witch was both victim and beneficiary of an ethnic slur – a stereotypical image that helped place her under suspicion but classified that suspicion in terms of ignorant superstition not diabolical witchcraft.

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Kivelson, Valerie A. "Unclean Spirits Unleashed: Flying Bricks, Demonic Possession, and Blackmail in Russia, 1636." Russian History 40, no. 3-4 (2013): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04004004.

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The spotty and dilapidated record of single trial of an alleged witch in the outskirts of Galich in 1636 serves as a window through which to view the workings of the highly stratified society, its interactions with local courts and central tsarist authorities, and, most importantly, the beliefs, fears, and interpersonal dynamics that drove low-ranking people to turn to the courts. Particularly valuable are the tangential references to common practices that normally did not reach the courts and therefore eluded the historical record. The case of the landlord Gorikhvostov and the “known witch” Mitroshka Khramoi, with its dramatic canvass of devilish spirits and supernatural havoc, reveals the universal acceptance, at the height of Muscovite witchcraft prosecutions, of healers working with roots and herbs, spells and prayers.

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Larsen. "Adapting a Witch to Modern Beliefs and Values: Persecuting the Outsider through Trial, Stage, and Film." Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 3, no. 2 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26613/esic.3.2.142.

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Rowlands, Alison. "Identity, Memory, Self-fashioning: Narratives of Non-confession in the Witch Trial of Margaretha Horn, 1652." Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 14, no. 3 (2019): 336–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mrw.2019.0031.

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Gorzó, K. "Cultural anthropological analysis of the trial of Agnes Sampson, the first woman to be executed in Scotland on charges of witchcraft." Science and Education a New Dimension IX(258), no. 47 (September 25, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-hs2021-258ix47-05.

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This paper is a cultural anthropology study of the court documents from the trial of Agnes Sampson from the Scotland, the first officially recorded witch conviction and execution in Scotland. Upon such examination of the court documents evident cultural remnants were found of the ancient druidistic pagan religion of the Bryton tribes who originated from the Celts. The analysis yields the statement that the demise of Agnes Sampson in 1591 was due to the practices of these druid traditions. The relevance of this research is in aiding current rehabilitation trials of women, convicted, executed, and/or accused of witchcraft. The cultural anthropology methods become helpful to understand which ancient belief remnants are apparent in a certain era, and in determining which ones cause such prosecution against its followers. Agnes Sampson was obviously continuing the druid traditions, nothing points this out better than the actual charges against her.

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Filatova, Nadezhda Vladimirovna. "The Trial of Agnes Sampson in the Context of a Witch-hunt in Early Modern Times Scotland." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. SOCIAL SCIENCES SERIES 4 (2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/0321-3056-2015-4-95-101.

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Sebald, Hans. "Nazi ideology redefining deviants: Witches, Himmler's witch‐trial survey, and the case of the bishopric of bamberg." Deviant Behavior 10, no. 3 (June 1989): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1989.9967814.

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HUGHES, SARAH. "American Monsters: Tabloid Media and the Satanic Panic, 1970–2000." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 691–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001298.

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“American Monsters” analyzes the satanic panic, an episode of national hysteria that dominated the media throughout the 1980s. It involved hundreds of accusations that devil-worshipping pedophiles were operating America's white middle-class suburban daycare centers. Communities around the country became embroiled in trials against center owners, the most publicized of which was the McMartin Preschool trial in Manhattan Beach, California, still the longest and most expensive criminal trial in the nation's history. This article explores how the panic both reflected and shaped a cultural climate dominated by the overlapping worldviews of politically active conservatives. Their ideology was incorporated into the panic and reinforced through tabloid media. Infotainment expanded dramatically in the 1980s, selling conservative-defined threats as news. The panic unfolded mostly through infotainment, lending appeal to subgenres like talk shows. In the 1990s, judges overturned the life sentences of defendants in most major cases, and several prominent journalists and lawyers condemned the phenomenon as a witch hunt. They analyzed it as a powerful delusion, or what contemporary cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard termed a “hyperreality,” in which audiences confuse the media universe for real life. Integral to the development, influence, and success of tabloid television, the panic was a manifestation of the hyperreal.

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Geschiere, Peter, and Cyprian Fisiy. "Domesticating personal violence: witchcraft, courts and confessions in Cameroon." Africa 64, no. 3 (July 1994): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160784.

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In many parts of Africa, discourses on witchcraft and sorcery seem to follow a mod-ernisation process of their own. There are striking regional variations in the ways in which these discourses are articulated with State formation and the emergence of new modes of accumulation. A common denominator remains, however, the close connection between witchcraft and aggression from within the ‘house’. In many respects, witchcraft is still the dark side of kinship, even in modern settings.It is against this background that this article explores the implications of a new type of witchcraft trial in the Eastern Province of Cameroon. Since 1980 State courts have started to convict ‘witches’ mainly on the basis of the expertise of the witch-doctors. This seems to be accompanied by the emergence of a ‘modern’ type of witch-doctor, more intent on punishing than on healing, who try to recruit their clients in very aggressive ways. In other parts of Cameroon the articulation of local witchcraft beliefs and State authority seems to follow different trajectories.

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Суханова, Наталия, Nataliya Sukhanova, Юрий Соломенцев, Yuriy Solomentsev, Сергей Шептунов, Sergey Sheptunov, Илья Кабак, and Ilya Kabak. "Automation software reliability assessment software for control systems." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23018.

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Software is complex and expensive product. As to the automation systems are applied the high wants, included reliability of software. To realize projects in the field of automation of technolo-gy processes it is necessary to construct the new software and to improve, adapt and transfer existing software. The field of investigations and trial of software reliability was not automated yet, the instrumental tools are absent, witch can allow to estimate reliability indexes at all stages of software life cycle. In the article it is developed the structure of automation system for soft-ware reliability monitoring.

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Golev, Konstantin. "Intra-Mongol Diplomacy and Witch-Hunt during the Dissolution of the Empire: the Witchcraft Trial at the Court of Hülegü." Eurasian Studies 17, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 327–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340079.

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Abstract The present paper examines the events that led to the establishment of the Ilkhanate under Hülegü as well as the beginning of the war between the Hülegüids and the Jöchids of the Golden Horde. The article discusses the struggle between the two branches of Chinggis Khan’s Golden Lineage during the march of Hülegü through South West Asia. This process reached its apex when Hülegü decided to get rid of the Jöchid contingents in his army together with the princes that headed them. This happened because they were a serious obstacle on the way towards establishing his empire in Iran and the adjacent areas. Hülegü used an accusation in witchcraft as an official pretext to remove fellow Chinggisid prince (or princes).

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Hughes, Noel. "The Tichbornes, The Doughtys and Douglas Woodruff." Recusant History 23, no. 4 (October 1997): 602–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002399.

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Of what he called ‘The Great Fear of Popery’, Hugh Trevor-Roper wrote: ‘that fear … constantly renewed, had acquired a momentum of its own. It was the English equivalent of the great European witch-craze, and it would remain formidable for three centuries, a national neurosis which could be awakened again and again: in the myth of the great Irish massacre of 1641 (still repeated, over a century later, by John Wesley), in the great scare of the Popish Plot of 1678, in the fable of the Warming Pan in 1688, even, though with dwindling force, in the Gordon Riots of 1780 and the “Papal Aggression” of 1851, ‘(sic). He might have added the Tichborne trial to the list.

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GASKILL, MALCOLM. "WITCHCRAFT, POLITICS, AND MEMORY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND." Historical Journal 50, no. 2 (May 9, 2007): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x07006073.

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This article weaves together two episodes separated by a generation. The inciting event is the trial in 1653 of Anne Bodenham, an elderly cunning woman in Salisbury, who found herself embroiled in a feud in a gentry household, set against the turbulent backdrop of a divided city. Her arrest and examination evoked painful memories of an earlier scandal, the fateful association of the duke of Buckingham with Dr John Lambe, a sorcerer whom Bodenham claimed to have served in the 1620s. These tales, in turn, echoed an even older awareness of the perils of the diabolic, most prominently the pact of Dr Faustus. Together these narrative strands demonstrate how feelings of public disgust at Stuart corruption were revived in the commonwealth era and used as a polemical device by puritan activists. Both stories are rich in gossip, rumour, rhymes, libels, anonymous notes, and the practical uses of printed works, not to mention spells and curses, visions and dreams. As such, this article also shows just how complex a witch-trial could be, and serves as a reminder of the sophistication, ingenuity, and ebullience of seventeenth-century communications and consciousness across the social order.

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Bowman, Cynthia Grant. "The Legal System and Child Sex Abuse—Ross Cheit's The Witch‐Hunt Narrative: Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children." Law & Social Inquiry 41, no. 01 (2016): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12178.

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The prosecution of child sex abuse in cases involving very young children presents difficult problems for the justice system. Ross Cheit's book The Witch‐Hunt Narrative: Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children (2014) addresses these problems in the context of the 1980s cases involving daycare centers. While the conventional conclusion drawn from these cases is that young children are not credible witnesses, Cheit's examination of the trial records in these cases reveals credible evidence of abuse in many, as well as evidence of injustice attributable to untrained and/or overenthusiastic interviewers. Cheit's examination of this litigation provides an opportunity to evaluate the legal system's treatment of child witnesses in sex abuse cases, as well as to discuss the appropriate use of social scientific evidence in litigation, the impact of mass media accounts on public policy, and the respective merits of criminal versus civil lawsuits in child sex abuse cases.

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Dąbrowska-Burkhardt, Jarochna. "Von Hexen und Zauberinnen in den frühneuzeitlichen Grünberger Hexenverhörprotokollen 1663–1665." Germanica Wratislaviensia 142 (January 11, 2018): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0435-5865.142.10.

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Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der lexikalischen Ebene der Hexenverhörprotokolle aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, die aus Grünberg in Niederschlesien, dem heutigen Zielona Góra Polen stammen. Der Untersuchungsschwerpunkt liegt auf den miteinander konkurrierenden Wortbildungen auf hex- und zauber-, die im analysierten Schriftstück parallel auftreten und deren Verwendung sich oft sogar überlappt. Es handelt sich dabei sowohl um Bezeichnungen des beschriebenen Schadenzaubers als auch um die Benennung von Personen, die eines solchen Delikts bezichtigt werden. Die Analyse zeigt an konkreten Beispielen auf, bei welchen Bildungen das Stammmorphem hex- und in welchen das Stammmorphem zauber- dominieren.About witches and sorceresses in the early modernwitchcraft trial records from Grünberg in Lower Silesia 1663–1665This paper is a systematic linguistic analysis at the lexical level of 17th century witch trial protocols from Grünberg in Lower Silesia, today Zielona Góra in Poland. The focus of this investigation is the analysis of word formations with the word stems hex- and zauber-. Both formations occur in parallel and their usage frequently even overlaps. The aim of this paper is both the analysis of the denominations of wizardry crime as well as the designations of people who were accused of such crimes. The analysis presents in which word formations and contexts the word stems hex- and zauber- dominate.

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DeWindt, Anne Reiber. "Witchcraft and Conflicting Visions of the Ideal Village Community." Journal of British Studies 34, no. 4 (October 1995): 427–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386086.

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In the fallen world, communities (patterns of interaction) are endlessly dying and being born. The historian's job is to specify what, at a given moment, is changing into or being annihilated by what.In the fall of 1589, ten-year-old Jane Throckmorton pointed to the old woman who had settled into a seat in her family's cavernous stone hearth and cried out, “Looke where the old witch sitteth … did you ever see … one more like a witch then she is?” With those words the child set in motion a four-year-long drama that culminated in the hanging of three of her neighbors from their fenland village of Warboys in north Huntingdonshire. Within weeks after the executions, Jane's father and uncle, with the help of a trial judge and the local parson, published their version of this tragic story in a pamphlet that now resides in the British Library.After Jane Throckmorton and her sisters had shared symptoms such as violent sneezing and grotesque seizures for several weeks, and two medical doctors at Cambridge had suggested the possibility of witchcraft, Gilbert Pickering—a relative from Northamptonshire—arrived at the Warboys manor house to conduct numerous experiments with Jane and her neighbor, Alice Samuel. His intention was to demonstrate that the old woman was the cause of the girl's symptoms. In February 1590 one of the sisters was taken to the Pickering home in Northamptonshire where the results of further experiments were recorded for eventual inclusion in the pamphlet.

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Gray, Natasha. "Independent Spirits: the Politics of Policing Anti-witchcraft Movements In Colonial Ghana, 1908–1927." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 2 (2005): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066054024668.

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AbstractScholars have debated the social origins of anti-witchcraft movements within African religions while largely ignoring the effects of colonial laws outlawing their practice. Yet, for the initiates, the period after a witch-finding movement was outlawed was the most difficult. Initiates believed banned gods retained their power to punish them severely if they did not atone for violations of movement rules. Performing ceremonies of repentance, however, meant breaking the law, risking heavy fines, home demolition and even imprisonment. The transcript of a 1913 trial of five men accused of conducting ceremonies of the outlawed Aberewa anti-witchcraft movement in Ghana allows us to explore this predicament. The tenacity of popular belief in outlawed gods influenced colonial policy towards anti-witchcraft movements, witchcraft law, and the development of contemporary Ghanaian Christianity.

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Wieczorek, Marcin. "Juliusz i Ethel – historia małżeństwa Rosenbergów w dramacie Leona Kruczkowskiego z 1954 roku. Elementy dyskursu antywojennego w literaturze polskiej we wczesnych latach 50." Przegląd Humanistyczny, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9226.

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The text discusses the play about the last hours of life of the Rosenbergs titled Julius and Ethel, the history of the trial, passing the sentence and the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs carried out on June 19, 1953. Besides Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy’s “witch-hunt”, this is the second most famous example of the American anti-communist atmosphere of the early 1950s, which led to the crisis of the democratic order and its institutions in the United States. The case took place at the beginning of the Cold War division of the world and the nuclear arms race, which put the world on the brink of selfdestruction. For the US radicals and the left-wing intellectuals, the Rosenbergs belonging to the US Communist Party are victims of the right-wing witch-hunt, creating anti-communist atmosphere, however they are also perceived as patrons of antiwar movements, precursors of the nuclear weapons opponents movement (the espionage, which they had never confessed to was to concern passing secrets about the US nuclear weapons programs to the Russians). For conservative America this will be a story about the efficiency of the legal, political and moral system facing a real threat in the fight against communism – dangerous for the entire civilized democratic world. How does the socialist realism work by Leon Kruczkowski appear against this background?

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Pimentel, Leonardo Duarte, Claudio Horst Bruckner, Candida Elisa Manfio, Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike, and Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez. "SUBSTRATE, LIME, PHOSPHORUS AND TOPDRESS FERTILIZATION IN MACAW PALM SEEDLING PRODUCTION." Revista Árvore 40, no. 2 (April 2016): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000200006.

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ABSTRACT The macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lood. ex Mart] has been domesticated to subsidize biodiesel production programs in Brazil. However, little is known about the seedling production of this species. This study aimed to evaluate substrate mixtures, limestone and phosphorus rates for substrate amendment and topdressing frequency in macaw palm seedlings. Three trials were conducted in a greenhouse up to six months of nursery cultivation. Trial 1: determination of percent mineral and organic fractions of seven substrate mixtures. Trial 2: evaluation of four limerates for soil amendment versus four phosphorus rates. Trial 3: evaluation of N, K and Mg topdressing frequency. Significant differences were found in the three trials for most of the variables (plant height, leaf number, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, vigor and bulb diameter). The main results obtained were as follow: Trial1 - the best seedling growth was observed in substrates with at least 25% organic matter. Trial2 -lime rates ranging from 0.50 to 1.25 kg associated with 3 to 4 kg of single superphosphate per m3 of substrate provided the best seedling growth. Trial 3 - topdressing fertilization provided better development of seedlings regardless of frequency.

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Mostert, Stefan, and Jürg Kesselring. "Effect of pulsed magnetic field therapy on the level of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis - a randomized controlled trial." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 11, no. 3 (June 2005): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458505ms1156oa.

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Twenty-five multiple sclerosis patients, taking part in a rehabilitation program, were randomly assigned to treatment with pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMFT) or to sham therapy in order to study the additional effect of PMFTas part of a multimodal neurological rehabilitation program on fatigue. Patients demographic and disease specific characteristics were recorded. Level of fatigue was measured by fatigue sverity scale (FSS) at entrance and discharge and with a visual analog scale (VAS) immediate before and after a single treatment session. The ‘Magnetic Cell Regeneration’ system by Santerra was used for PMFT. A single treatment lasted 16 minutes twice daily over 3-4 weeks and consisted of relaxed lying on a PMF mattress. Sham intervention was conducted in an identical manner with the PMF-device off. Patients and statistics were blinded. Level of fatigue measured by FSS was high at entrance in both treatment group (TG) and control group (CG) (5.6 versus 5.5). Over time of rehabilitation fatigue was reduced by 18% in TG and 7% in CG which was statistically not significant. There was a statistically significant immediate effect of the single treatment session witch 18% reduction of fatigue measured by VAS in TG versus 11% in CG. Because of a high ‘placebo effect’ of simple bed rest, a only small and short lasting additional effect of PMFT and high costs of a PMF-device, we cannot recommend PMFTas an additional feature of a multimodal neurological rehabilitation program in order to reduce fatigue level of MS-patients.

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Mallick, Ata. "Santal Women and the Rebellion of 1855 in Colonial India." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 1 (June 2017): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717723490.

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It is generally assumed that Santal women contributed an imperative role in the Santal rebellion of 1855. According to the judicial records of the rebellion, almost every Santal woman was a rebel and many of them were arrested for their active involvement in the rebellion. Scholars on Santal rebellion have used such colonial administrative accounts to emphasize the subaltern protest against colonialism. However, a detailed study of administrative accounts also reveals that, after trial, most of the women prisoners were released as they were found innocent. Access to insider voices reveals how Santal women were persecuted under the pretext of witch-hunting by the very orders of Santal leaders. This article would argue how the women became the victims of the unrest and how the Santal rebellion was not spontaneous, and would critically propose how the age-old concept of women’s participation in the Santal rebellion of 1855 needs reconsideration.

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De Sá Souza, H., R. D. Piovezan, R. E. Chagas Miranda, B. M. Silva, S. Tufik, D. Poyares, and V. D’Almeida. "0832 Physical Exercise Improves Sleep and Muscle Function in Sarcopenic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.828.

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Abstract Introduction Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition that, like sleep debt, affects the elderly and is related to metabolic, endocrine, inflammatory alterations and risk to mortality. Resistance training (RT), in turn, can improve both factors. Aim: investigate the effects of 12-week RT on sleep and muscle function in the sarcopenic elderly. Methods 28 sarcopenic elderly were equally distributed in 2 groups at random: CTL: who participated in weekly lifestyle change lectures or; RT: who did the progressive load RT. Sleep was assessed by polysomnography, actigraphy and questionnaires. Isokinetic and isometric of peak torque (PT) of skeletal muscle, anabolic and catabolic hormones, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines concentrations were also evaluated. For intention to treat analysis (Δ) the generalized linear/non-linear for absolute variables or Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation or median, minimum and maximum values and difference witch p<0.05. Results The RT reduced the time to sleep onset (16.09±15.21) compared to CTL (29.98±22.57) group after the intervention. The Δ shows that RT had more N3 sleep (median:0.90, min:-13.40, max: 25.00) than CTL (median:-3.35, min:-15.20, max:19.10). The RT increases TTS (median:57.55, min:-204.75, max:220.91 vs median:-9.63, min:-120.98, max:185.57) and improved self-reported sleep quality (median: -1.50, min: -9.00, max: 4.00 vs median: 0.50, min: -3.00, max: 6.00) and sleep efficiency (median: 9.50, min: -15.00, max: 34.00 vs 0.00, min: -28.00, max: 18.00). For all muscle function parameters (extension and flexion knee in isokinetic or isometric PT) RT had higher values compared to CTL group after 12 weeks of intervention (p<0.05). IL-1ra concentrations were higher in RT (median: 0.04, min: -0.02, max: 0.36) vs CTL (median:-0.01, min:-0.12, max:0.07). Conclusion Progressive load resistance training improves sleep parameters associated to muscle recovery in elderly people with sarcopenia, along with positive changes in physical performance. Support Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP).

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Howell, Kenneth J. "Book Review: Kepler and His God: Kepler's Witch: An Astronomer's Discovery of Cosmic Order amid Religious War, Political Intrigue, and the Heresy Trial of His Mother." Journal for the History of Astronomy 36, no. 3 (August 2005): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182860503600312.

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Muir, Edward. "Trent 1475: Stories of a Ritual Murder Trial. R. Po-Chia HsiaFrom Bishop to Witch: The System of the Sacred in Early Modern Terra. d'Otranto., David Gentilcore." Journal of Modern History 67, no. 1 (March 1995): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/245058.

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Kochan, Anna. "Wywoływanie chorób przez czarownice – poglądy uczestnika procesów czarownic (przypadek Czarownicy powołanej)." Tematy i Konteksty 16, no. 11 (2021): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.2021.12.

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Published in 1639, the anonymous “Czarownica powołana” is a work addressed to judges dealing with proceedings in witchcraft cases. Its author, probably a clergyman, participated in such trials. Unlike many works of this kind, it did not encourage the tracking and killing of witches. “Czarownica powołana” belongs to a different trend and in many places is similar to the treatise of the German Jesuit Friedrich Spee, who was afraid of the rash condemnation of superstitious people who had nothing to do with practicing black magic. In “Czarownica powołana” the existence of witches and sorcery is not questioned, because it is considered to be a devilish science, which leads to making a pact with the devil with the ability to act in the world. Illness or death in connection with the accusation of witchcraft had serious consequences, including establishing who and how the witch had harmed. In the era of the plague epidemic, fear of strangers led to numerous massacres, especially in German cities, where the spread of the plague was explained more often than elsewhere by poisoning the wells by Jews, who were also burdened with engaging in magic and negotiating with the devil. The author was aware that some associate every disease with witchcraft. The devil can also cheat, making a person think that what he dreamed really happened, and people deluded by fantasies are willing to share these stories also in court during a trial. The author of “Czarownica powołana” was aware of this mechanism because he was concerned with the accusation itself (“powołanie”). In this context, “Czarownica powołana” – despite the author’s conviction about the existence of witches and their ability to cause disease and elementary disasters - is a progressive work, but this is evidenced by the lawyer’s dilemmas, not the priest’s fears.

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McKeown, Kate, Emma Richards, Jessica Richardson, and Andrea Tales. "The Trails Making Test. Does a Single Trial Reflect Performance Capability?" OBM Neurobiology 05, no. 02 (January 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102100.

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Information processing speed (Reaction time, RT) to a single administration of the Trails A and Trails B components of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is used in the assessment of brain and behavioural functional integrity across the lifespan in both clinical and research contexts. Although the clinical utility of such single trial-related and thus rapidly gained results, is recognised, it is possible that its administration as a single trial only, precludes its ability to provide a more in-depth and thus relevant representation of functional integrity per se, and it does not allow a range of ability to be examined. Because outcome from a single trial can be susceptible to the influence of spurious and extraneous effects we examined how, within a single testing session, RT varied with respect to the administration of four trials of both Trails A and B of the TMT, and how the effects may be associated with anxiety and self-consciousness. We examined how RT varied with respect to the administration of four trials of the Trail making test and compared the performance over each of these trials with that of the first trial. Between the third and fourth trial, questionnaires on anxiety and self-consciousness were administered. This paradigm was tested with fifty five younger adults (age range eighteen - thirty years). Our results indicated that repeating both Trails A and B of the TMT, administering the tests over four trials, revealed a significantly disproportionately slowed information processing speed (RT) to the first compared to consecutive trials, with the effect greatest for the more difficult or resource-demanding Trails B test. There were no significant correlations between change in information processing speed and anxiety or self-consciousness. The first of the four trials represents the only trial typically performed in the clinical application of this test. Our finding that the time to complete one single trial can be significantly slower compared to the response to additional trials, indicates that an individuals’ information processing speed can appear much slower than their actual ability. Such findings can be expected to be of particular relevance to the future use of this test clinically when an individual’s performance is measured and judged with respect to possible diagnosis, and in future research when group-level TMT performance is compared between younger and older adults for example.

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Jacobson, Bert, and Kevin Jones. "Comparison of Selected Perceptual Variables for Backpacks with Internal and External Frames." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.605.

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Differences in perceptions of comfort, exertion, balance, and heart rate were investigated with two types of backpack. Subjects were 20 male volunteers ( M age = 24.3 yr., SD: 3.6, M height= 180.02 cm, SD: 8.0, and M weight = 86.46 kg, SD: 14.84). Following oral briefing and practice trials, each subject was fitted at random with either an internal- or external-frame backpack containing 18.2 kg. By random, cross-over design, subjects completed a 30-m simulated hiking trail consisting of 16 separate obstacles designed to resemble actual off-trail hiking. Trials were conducted in a controlled environment with the walking intensity regulated by a metronome. Upon completion of each trial, the subjects rated the experience on perceived comfort, balance and stability, and rating of perceived exertion. Heart rate was recorded immediately prior to and following each trial. Analysis yielded a significant difference only on rating of perceived exertion in favor of the internal-frame backpack. Under limited circumstances, these data suggest that both types of backpacks provide similar comfort and balance and stability; however, internal frames in backpacks may reduce perceived exertion during short, demanding hikes.

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Hammond, Naomi E., Ashwani Kumar, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Yaseen M Arabi, Jeremy Cohen, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Sarah Grattan, et al. "Clinician preferences for prescription of corticosteroids in patients with septic shock: an international survey." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.s1.

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In 2010, following the publication of two large trials of corticosteroids in septic shock, an international survey of corticosteroid use in the management of septic shock reported marked variability in practice. Two large randomised controlled trials of corticosteroids in septic shock (ie, the ADRENAL trial comparing hydrocortisone v placebo 4 and the APROCCHSS trial comparing hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone v placebo) published in 2018 reported divergent effects of steroids on mortality at day 90, although important secondary outcomes such as duration of shock and mechanical ventilation were improved in both trials.

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Murphy, Megan, and Daniel Merenstein. "Grassroots Campaign Trail Methods to Recruit for Clinical Trials: Recruitment Lessons Learned from Trail to Trial." Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 5 (January 2011): CMPed.S6488. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s6488.

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Background Literature reviews have identified recruitment as the single most challenging obstacle in conducting pediatric trials. This paper describes a paradigm shift in recruitment design, developed from experience with grassroots campaigns through the DRINK study (Decreasing the Rates of Illness in Kids). The objective of this study was to explain a new method for recruiting in clinical trials based on lessons learned from grassroots political campaigning. Methods and Findings The study described is a randomized controlled trial of 638 3–6 year olds from the Washington, DC Area. The design involved a comparison between new recruiting approaches modeled after grassroots campaigns and traditional techniques. Traditional techniques for the purpose of this paper are defined by the use of physician referral, mass media such as radio and television advertisements, along with posters in public places like the subway. Grassroots approaches alternatively developed and utilized community contacts and employed targeted small market media community. The main outcome measures were the percentage of budget used and the number of eligible participants recruited. Conclusions The results showed that the grassroots recruitment approach saved 30% of the budget, recruited 638 kids in 4 months and retained over 90% for the 90 day trial. New techniques need further exploration as community studies are stressed.

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Ogawa, Hisao. "Japanese Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis with Aspirin for Diabetes (JPAD) Trial." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 100, no. 1 (2011): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.100.218.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Witch trial'

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