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Journal articles on the topic 'Witcher 3'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Kochanowicz, Rafał. "Zmiennik wybawiony albo tryumf wiedźmina. Cyfrowy dialog z kulturą i obyczajowością Wiedźmin 3." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 24 (April 18, 2019): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.24.20.

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The Substitute Saved or the Triumph of the Witcher: Digital dialogue with culture and morals SummarySome elements of the game The Witcher 3 show very clearly that developers, in order to achieve a significant effect of gameplay, adopt the tools and forms of expression of other media — such as plot stereotypes, films or complex dialogues — and fill their designed world with quotations and motifs from traditional not only Polish texts of culture. “Sewn together” with digital technology, this “cento” becomes a commentary on the postmodern dimension of contemporary pop culture, and includes a warn

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2

Gozdowska, Katarzyna. "Can a Developed Structure be Transparent? The Analysis of Witcher 3: Wild Hunt Interface with Regard to its Influence on the Player’s Immersion." Homo Ludens, no. 1 (12) (December 15, 2019): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/hl.2019.12.1.

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In this article I analyze the interface of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt with regard to its transparency as well as its influence on the player’s immersion. Furthermore, I scrutinize all measures used by the interface to decrease the effect of emersion, which might appear as game information is being read by the player. I also consider the literary context in my research – I reflect on how the interface refers to Andrzej Sapkowski’s Witcher cycle and how these references have been implemented in the interface structure.

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3

Aroni, Gabriele. "The Semiosis of Architectural Identity in The Witcher 3." Journal of Media Research 13, no. 3(35) (2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jmr.35.4.

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4

Jański, Krzysztof. "Creation of the fictional world in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt." Homo Ludens, no. 1(11) (February 12, 2019): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/hl.2018.11.7.

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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metod tworzenia świata wykorzystanych w grze Wiedźmin 3: Dziki Gon, które pozwoliły na wypracowanie samodzielnej fikcyjnej konstrukcji. Pierwsza część tekstu omawia cechy miejsc w grach wideo. Następnie, po krótkim wprowadzeniu do twórczości Andrzeja Sapkowskiego, artykuł przedstawia sposoby, za pomocą których Wiedźmin 3 imituje topografię, architekturę, ludzką i pozaludzką działalność oraz dostarcza informacje o poszczególnych lokacjach. Omówione właściwości tytułu sprawiają, że miejsca stworzone na potrzeby gry tworzą niezależny ontologiczny konstrukt, a ni

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5

Jagosz, Anna. "Diferencias en el marco estilístico entre las localizaciones polaca, española e inglesa del videojuego „The Witcher III”, y relación con la obra de Andrzej Sapkowski." Estudios Hispánicos 24 (March 31, 2017): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-2546.24.6.

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Differences in the stylistic framework between the Polish, Spanish and English locations of the video game The Witcher 3, and relation to the work of Andrzej Sapkowski on which it is basedThe presented article approaches the concept of game localization, by comparing three language versions — Polish, English and Spanish — of the critically acclaimed game: The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt. It focuses on stylistic relations between some of the game’s text assets and their literary source material, as the game is based on a fantasy series by a Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski. Firstly, it presents a brief

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6

Kubiński, Piotr. "Videogames in the Light of Transmedia Narratology and the Concept of Storyworld." Tekstualia 4, no. 43 (2015): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4243.

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The article approaches videogames from the perspective of transmedia narratology. The fi rst part raises the question whether videogames can be treated and analyzed as a medium with a narrative potential, referring briefl y to the debate called „ludology vs. narratology”. The second part of the article concentrates on the concept of the storyworld and examines its usefulness in the context of selected videogame genres, with The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt as a specifi c example. The fi nal part enumerates the elements that contribute to the narrativity of videogames and points out the topics for furt

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7

Smith, Jennifer. "Vocal disruptions in the aural game world: The female entertainer in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, Transistor and Divinity: Original Sin II." Soundtrack 11, no. 1 (2020): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ts_00006_1.

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The voice as disruption is not a new concept. Disruptions to discourses, relationships and lifestyles can be caused by the insertion of the voice. In video games, voices can be disruptive to player progressions, gameplay and character relationships through dialogue and performances. The female entertainer frequently disrupts the aural space of a game through her uniqueness as a performer at the forefront of the diegetic space, using song to tell her own story. The video games The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015), Transistor (2014) and Divinity Original Sin II (2017) use diegetic female entertainer

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8

Conway, Steven, and Bradley Elphinstone. "Towards gameworld studies." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 11, no. 3 (2019): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw.11.3.289_1.

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This article focuses on the phenomenon of meaningful experiences within digital games. To this end, rather than game studies, we propose ‘Gameworld Studies’ as better articulating both the goal of certain theorists and theoretical approaches, and the player experience. In explicating meaning, the authors utilize and link two frameworks: hermeneutic phenomenology and self-determination theory. This interdisciplinary perspective is applied to two data sets, one quantitative, one qualitative, regarding players’ experiences of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt and Fallout 4. The responses illuminate how ce

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9

Rubiols Aguña, Cristina. "La traducción de escenas con contenido erótico en los videojuegos. Los casos de Duke Nukem Forever, God of War 3 y The Witcher 3." Fòrum de recerca, no. 21 (2016): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/forumrecerca.2016.21.18.

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10

Kyshtymova, I. M., and S. B. Timofeev. "Psychological master form of computer games." Social Psychology and Society 10, no. 4 (2019): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100411.

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The article presented the rationale and description of a universal classification model of computer games. The basis of its development was the principle of systematic and psychosemiotic approach that afforded considering both semantic and syntactic (formal) features of a game as factors mediating its effect on gamers. A computer game came under consideration as a system entity whose classification profile took shape following unique combination of thirty-four components that were interconnected in the manner of mutual cooperation. They combined into seven levels, two of which were: the game-p

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11

Polyakova, O. I. "Morphological and anatomical characteristics of needles in seedlings and vegetative progeny of different ages from mutational witches’ brooms of Pinus sibirica Du Tour." FORESTRY BULLETIN 24, no. 6 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2020-6-51-57.

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The study was carried out using three objects: 1) clones of the mutational witches’ brooms and the normal crown grafted together on the same rootstock; 2) mutant seedlings of the witches’ brooms; 3) clones of the witches’ brooms mutant seedlings. It was shown that the morphological and anatomical needle characteristics are affected as by the presence and the expression of the mutation, as well as the age of the maternal tree and the presence of a rootstock. Each factor and the interaction of some factors makes a significant contribution to the differences between the groups in the main needle

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12

Sz. Kristof, Ildiko. "“Charming Sorcerers” or “Soldiers of Satan”? Witchcraft and Magic in the Eyes of Protestant/Calvinist Preachers in Early Modern Hungary." Religions 10, no. 5 (2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050328.

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The present study is the translation of Chapter 3 of the book of Ildikó Sz. Kristóf, entitled “Ördögi mesterséget nem cselekedtem.” A boszorkányüldözés társadalmi és kulturális háttere a kora újkori Debrecenben és Bihar vármegyében (“I have not done any diabolic deeds.” The Social and Cultural Foundation of Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Debrecen and Bihar County) published in Debrecen, Hungary in 1998. The book examined the witch-hunting in Bihar county and its largest city, the headquarters of the Calvinist church in Eastern Hungary between 1575 and 1766. During this period, 217 trials were c

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13

Bianco, L. F., E. C. Martins, R. S. Toloy, D. A. B. Coletti, D. C. Teixeira, and N. A. Wulff. "First Report of Phytoplasmas Groups 16SrI and 16SrXV in Crotalaria juncea in Brazil." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (2014): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1190-pdn.

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Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L., Fabaceae) is widely used as a cover crop in sugar cane and citrus plantations in Brazil. C. juncea has been reported in São Paulo State (SPS) by Wulff et al. (3) as a host of the phytoplasma associated with symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus, a member of group 16SrIX, that induces witches'-broom in sunn hemp (3). In studying the distribution of group 16SrIX phytoplasma in C. juncea in SPS, we identified this species as a new host of two phytoplasmas. Sunn hemp fields were inspected for symptoms usually associated with phytoplasma infections, such as leaf

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14

Renser, Berit, and Katrin Tiidenberg. "Witches on Facebook: Mediatization of Neo-Paganism." Social Media + Society 6, no. 3 (2020): 205630512092851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120928514.

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This article investigates the mediatization of neo-Paganism by analyzing how Estonian witches use Facebook groups and Messenger and how Facebook’s affordances shape the neo-Paganism practiced in those spaces. This is a small-scale exploratory study based on ethnographic interviews and observational data. To understand the mediatization of neo-Paganism, we use the communicative figurations model which suggests three layers of analysis: framing, actors, and communicative practices. For a more granular understanding of these three on social media, we rely on the framework of affordances. We found

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15

Verduin, K. "Sex, Nature, and Dualism in The Witches of Eastwick." Modern Language Quarterly 46, no. 3 (1985): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-46-3-293.

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16

Marita, Jane M., José Luis Pires, W. Martin Aitken, and James Nienhuis. "Development and Utilization of a Core Collection in Theobroma cacao based on RAPD Marker-based Estimates of Genetic Distance." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 513C—513. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.513c.

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An increased need to understand the genetic relationships among cacao (Theobroma cacao) germplasm exists to identify cultivars that possess resistance to witches' broom disease (caused by Crinipellis perniciosa). Loss of production due to witches' broom disease in important cacao-growing areas, such as Bahia, Brazil, has generated a strong demand for disease-resistant varieties. Varieties based on single sources of resistance have been released; however, other genotypes are needed to enlarge the genetic diversity of cultivars in breeding programs. A core collection has been created to represen

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17

Walla, J. A., and Y. H. Guo. "Lilac Witches'-Broom in North Dakota." Plant Disease 82, no. 12 (1998): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1404c.

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Lilac witches'-broom (LWB), caused by the ash yellows (AshY) phytoplasma, was identified in common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) in Cass and Ransom counties in southeast North Dakota in 1997 and 1998. The infected plants were immature, naturally regenerating lilac in the understory of three 57- and 58-year-old Prairie States Forestry Project windbreaks that have lilac as a planted component. In late summer and early fall of 1997, the terminal ends of hardened-off, current-season shoots on more than 100 immature plants were dead, and two to three succulent, late-season shoots were present just be

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18

Khan, A. J., K. M. Azam, M. L. Deadman, A. M. Al-Subhi, and P. Jones. "First Report of Alfalfa Witches Broom Disease in Oman Caused by a Phytoplasma of the 16Sr II Group." Plant Disease 85, no. 12 (2001): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.12.1287a.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a primary forage crop in the Sultanate of Oman. A new disease of alfalfa in Oman is characterized by proliferation of shoots and yellowing of leaves in 1- to 2-year-old plants and tillering of stems in 4- to 5-year-old plants. Annual losses due to this disease are estimated at more than US$ 23 million. Samples of healthy and infected alfalfa plants were collected from different regions. Total DNA was extracted according to Khadhair et al. (1), with minor modifications. Amplification of 16S rDNA was done using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach wit

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19

Zhao, Y., Q. Sun, R. E. Davis, I. M. Lee, and Q. Liu. "First Report of Witches'-Broom Disease in a Cannabis spp. in China and Its Association with a Phytoplasma of Elm Yellows Group (16SrV)." Plant Disease 91, no. 2 (2007): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0227c.

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Hemp fiber plants (Cannabis spp.) spread naturally in almost every climate zone in China and have a long history of cultivation in the country (1). While hemp stalks provide high-quality fibers for making ropes, clothes, and paper products, hemp seeds are a rich source of edible oil. During the summer of 2004, a disease characterized by witches'-broom symptoms was observed in wild hemp fiber plants growing in suburban Taian, Shandong, China. The diseased plants developed clusters of highly proliferating branches with much shortened internodes and leaves on the affected branches were significan

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20

Liu, Q., Q. Sun, T. Wu, R. E. Davis, and Y. Zhao. "First Report of Witches'-Broom Disease of Chinese Wingnut in China and its Association with a Phytoplasma of Aster Yellows Group (16SrI)." Plant Disease 89, no. 5 (2005): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0529c.

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Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC., commonly known as Chinese wingnut, is a fast-growing deciduous tree with tough bark and attractive foliage. Because of its tolerance of compact and nutritionally poor soil, drought, and heat, Chinese wingnut is an important component of the biological diversity in natural ecosystems and is a favorable shade tree in China. Chinese wingnut has also been used as a rootstock for walnuts because of its high resistance to soilborne Phytophthora spp. In the spring of 2004, a disease characterized by witches'-broom symptoms was observed affecting Chinese wingnut trees gro

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21

Long, J. Y., Y. H. Chen, and J. R. Xia. "First Report of a Group 16SrI Phytoplasma Associated with Amaranthus hypochondriacus Cladodes in China." Plant Disease 95, no. 7 (2011): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0219.

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Amaranthus spp. are cultivated worldwide as leafy vegetable, cereal, and ornamentals. In China, stems and leaves of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. are used as a vegetable (2). In July 2010, sporadic amaranth plants exhibiting symptoms of cladodes and spica proliferation were observed in a vegetable garden near Foshan, Guangdong, China. Stem samples were collected from two symptomatic and two asymptomatic plants. Total DNA was extracted with a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (1). Nested PCR with a combination of phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs (P1/P7 and R16F2n/

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22

Quiñonez Barraza, S., and R. Mathiasen. "First Report of Arceuthobium blumeri on Pinus ayacahuite and A. globosum subsp. globosum on P. durangensis from Sinaloa, Mexico." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (2010): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0377b.

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Arceuthobium blumeri A. Nelson (Blumer's dwarf mistletoe, Viscaceae) is a parasite of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendahl (Mexican white pine) and P. strobiformis Engelm. (southwestern white pine) in the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Mexico (3). It is widely distributed in Chihuahua and Durango and is known from one location in Sonora (3,4). A. globosum Hawksworth & Wiens subsp. globosum (rounded dwarf mistletoe) parasitizes several pine species in the same areas of Mexico, but extends as far south as northern Jalisco (3). In July 2005, S. Quiñonez Barraza observed both of t

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23

Saborío-R., G., W. Villalobos, and C. Rivera. "First Report of a Phytoplasma Associated with Witches'-Broom of the Giant Coral Tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) in Costa Rica." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (2007): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1512a.

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The giant coral tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) is a common shade tree in coffee plantations in Costa Rica. Coral trees are pruned to decrease fungal infections and increase nitrogen fixation. Recently, severe shoot proliferation, internodes shortening, and leaf reduction were observed in pruned shade trees in the south of San José Province, Costa Rica. Leaf samples from 10 symptomatic E. poeppigiana trees were collected. Also, two samples from symptomless coral trees were collected from areas free of witches'-broom. Total DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of petiole tissue from all samples

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24

Lava Kumar, P., K. Sharma, S. Boahen, H. Tefera, and M. Tamò. "First Report of Soybean Witches'-Broom Disease Caused by Group 16SrII Phytoplasma in Soybean in Malawi and Mozambique." Plant Disease 95, no. 4 (2011): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-11-0016.

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Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important grain legume cultivated on approximately 1.24 million ha in Africa (1). Malawi ranks fourth in area of production in Africa, with 75,000 ha in 2009 (1). Soybean is also gaining importance in Mozambique and several other southern African countries due to diversification programs. During a field survey conducted in March 2010, soybean plants with phyllody and witches'-broom disorders typical of phytoplasma infection were observed in three of five fields surveyed in Lilongwe (Chitedze Research Station) and Salima (Channa, Chitala) districts in Malawi and t

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25

Yue, H. N., Y. F. Wu, Y. Z. Shi, K. K. Wu, and Y. R. Li. "First Report of Paulownia Witches'-Broom Phytoplasma in China." Plant Disease 92, no. 7 (2008): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-7-1134a.

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Paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB) is one of the most important diseases affecting Paulownia tomentosa trees in China. According to 2006 statistics, the disease has affected 880,000 ha of trees for timber production causing billions of dollars in economic losses. During the spring and summer of 2006, a survey was done in Shaanxi Province to confirm phytoplasma infection of paulownia trees exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom, stunting, yellowing, and proliferating secondary shoots. Foliage samples were collected from 24 symptomatic and 8 symptomless paulownia plants in eight different production

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26

Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Wilson Reis Monteiro, José Luis Pires, Didier Clement, Milton Macoto Yamada, and Karina Peres Gramacho. "Cacao breeding in Bahia, Brazil: strategies and results." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, spe (2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000500011.

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Cacao was introduced in Bahia in 1756, becoming later the largest producer state in the country. In order to support the planting of cacao in the region, a breeding program was established by CEPEC at the beginning of the 1970s. For a long time, the program consisted in testing new hybrids (full-sibs) and releasing a mixture of the best ones to farmers. Lately, particularly after the witches´ broom arrival in the region, in 1989, recurrent breeding strategies were implemented, aiming mainly the development of clones. From 1993 to 2010, more than 500 progenies, accumulating 30 thousand trees, w

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27

Zhang, C. P., H. Min, X. Zheng, X. Q. Yu, H. Zhang, and Y. F. Wu. "Detection and Molecular Characterization of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’-Related Strain Infecting Sasa fortunei in China." Plant Disease 93, no. 5 (2009): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-5-0554a.

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Bamboos are ecologically and economically valuable plants. Young shoots of almost all species are edible, either raw or cooked, and are major components of Asian cuisine while culms are used for furniture or handicrafts as well as fuel wood. Symptoms indicative of phytoplasma disease were observed on Sasa fortunei (van Houtte) Fiori during a survey in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China during 2007. Symptoms included internode shortening, a mosaic pattern on leaves of diminished size, stunted growth, and death of entire plants. Total nucleic acids were extracted from leaf veins of 10 diseased pl

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28

Aryamanesh, N., A. M. Al-Subhi, R. Snowball, G. Yan, and K. H. M. Siddique. "First Report of Bituminaria Witches'-Broom in Australia Caused by a 16SrII Phytoplasma." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (2011): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0738.

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Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. is a perennial legume known as Arabian pea that is used as a forage in arid areas and for stabilization of degraded soils. It is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin with wider adaptation across the Canary Islands (4). In July 2010, during a survey for phytoplasma, some Canary Island B. bituminosa plants with typical phytoplasma symptoms, including stunted growth with small leaves, shortened internodes, and bushy growth, were found in seed multiplication nurseries at Medina, Perth, Western Australia (115°48.5′E; 32°13.2′S). Two samples from plants wi

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29

Liu, Qingzhong, Tianqi Wu, Robert E. Davis, and Yan Zhao. "First Report of Witches'-Broom Disease of Broussonetia papyrifera and Its Association with a Phytoplasma of Elm Yellows Group (16SrV)." Plant Disease 88, no. 7 (2004): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.7.770c.

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Broussonetia papyrifera, commonly known as paper mulberry, is an ornamental tree that is native to northeastern Asia. Because of its fast-growing nature and tolerance of dust, smoke, and high temperatures, paper mulberry is an important component of the biological diversity in natural ecosystems as well as a favorable shade tree in the region. In September of 2003, a disease characterized by pronounced witches'-broom symptoms was observed in paper mulberry trees growing near a jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) orchard and in home gardens located in Taian, Shandong, China. The diseased trees developed d

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30

Zhu, Yong Dan, Cheng Hu, and An You Zuo. "Effect of Eu/Co Doping on the Resistive Switching Properties of BiFeO₃ Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.189.

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BiFeO3 and Eu/Co doped BiFeO3 thin films have been grown on Nb:SrTiO3 substrates with pulsed laser deposition using the same growth conditions. It was shown that the characteristic of resistive switching would be enhanced by Co doping. By changing the polarity of the external voltage, the BiFe0.95Co0.05O3 is witched between multilevel stable resistance states without an electroforming process. The resistance ratio is larger than two orders of magnitude and shows stable resistance states. The resistive switching is understood by the electric field-induced carrier trapping and detrapping, which

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31

Flôres, Daniela, Isolda Cristina Haas, Maria Cristina Canale, and Ivan Paulo Bedendo. "Molecular identification of a 16SrIII-B phytoplasma associated with cassava witches’ broom disease." European Journal of Plant Pathology 137, no. 2 (2013): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0250-3.

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32

Montano, H. G., R. E. Davis, E. L. Dally, S. Hogenhout, J. P. Pimentel, and P. S. Brioso. "'Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense', a new phytoplasma taxon associated with hibiscus witches' broom disease." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51, no. 3 (2001): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-3-1109.

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33

Gao, R., J. Wang, X. D. Li, X. P. Zhu, and G. Z. Tian. "First Report of Spirea Witches'-Broom Disease in China." Plant Disease 91, no. 5 (2007): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-5-0635c.

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Bumald spirea (Spiarea bumalda Burv.) is an important ornamental tree widely grown in northern China. In August of 2006, spirea plants exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom, stunting, yellowing, and shoot dieback were found at an incidence of 5 to 15% in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, China. Total DNA was extracted separately from 0.1 g of phloem tissue from leaf midribs and stems of six symptomatic and six asymptomatic plants with a modified cetyltriethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (3). Resulting DNA samples were analyzed for phytoplasma DNA by a nested PCR assay using phytoplasma unive

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34

Tanaka, Eiji, Chihiro Tanaka, Atsushi Ishihara, Yasumasa Kuwahara, and Mitsuya Tsuda. "Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in Aciculosporium take , a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo." Journal of General Plant Pathology 69, no. 1 (2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-002-0002-2.

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35

Al-Saady, N. A., A. M. Al-Subhi, A. Al-Nabhani, and A. J. Khan. "First Report of a Group 16SrII Phytoplasma Infecting Chickpea in Oman." Plant Disease 90, no. 7 (2006): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0973c.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), locally known as “Dungo”, is grown for legume and animal feed mainly in the interior region of Oman. During February 2006, survey samples of chickpea leaves from plants showing yellows disease symptoms that included phyllody and little leaf were collected from the Nizwa Region (175 km south of Muscat). Total nucleic acid was extracted from asymptomatic and symptomatic chickpea leaves using a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide method with modifications (3). All leaf samples from eight symptomatic plants consistently tested positive using a polymerase chain reaction assay

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Polyakova, Olga, Evgeniya Zhuk, and Sergei Goroshkevich. "Cone quality and seed efficiency in the clones from mutational witches brooms of Pinus sibirica." BIO Web of Conferences 11 (2018): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100034.

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Mutational witches' broom is a fragment of the tree crown with abnormal morphogenesis including slow shoot growth, abundant branching and decreased apical dominance which caused by somatic mutation that presumably originates in the apical meristem bud. To study the variability in the cone quality and seed efficiency in witches' broom clones of Pinus sibirica, the cone size and structure were assessed in 21 mutant clones. The mutant clones were significantly differentiated both by the cone traits and seed quality. Their cone size varied from less than 3 to 4 cm. The clones had large number of s

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Li, Z. N., X. Zheng, H. J. Wei, X. Q. Yu, W. J. Wu, and Y. F. Wu. "First Report of Elm Yellows Phytoplasma Infecting Clover in China." Plant Disease 93, no. 3 (2009): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-3-0321b.

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In the summer of 2008, phyllody and enlarged petioles resembling symptoms of phytoplasma infection were observed on clover (Trifolium repens) plants in lawns on the campus of Northwest A&F University. Typical phytoplasma-like bacteria were observed in the phloem cells when ultra-thin sections from leaf midrib tissues were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Nested PCR assays were used to verify the association of phytoplasma with the disease. Total DNA was extracted from the phloem of leaf midribs from 20 symptomatic plants and six symptomless plants using the modified CTAB met

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Djavaheri, M., and H. Rahimian. "Witches'-broom of Bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) in Iran." Plant Disease 88, no. 6 (2004): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.6.683a.

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Symptoms, resembling those of witches'-broom disease of lime (WBDL), consisting of proliferation and growth of spindly shoots, rosetting, development of stunted, pale green, cupped leaves, and long thin thorns were observed on some bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees, the major rootstock species in Ghazi-Ghale (Hormozgan Province) and Kahnouj (Kerman Province) in southern Iran. Vein clearing, mottling, and mild to severe yellowing of leaves was evident on some rosetted flushes. The disease occurred sporadically, and only some branches of the tree displayed the symptoms. Sour lime (Citrus

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Polyakova, O. I., Е. А. Zhuk, and S. N. Goroshkevich. "Causes of low seed quality in mutational «witches’ brooms» of Siberian stone pine." FORESTRY BULLETIN 24, no. 3 (2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2020-3-74-80.

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Montano, H. G., E. L. Dally, R. E. Davis, J. P. Pimentel, and P. S. T. Brioso. "First Report of Natural Infection by “Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense” in Catharanthus roseus." Plant Disease 85, no. 11 (2001): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.11.1209c.

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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (periwinkle) is well known as an experimental host for diverse phytoplasmas that are artificially transmitted to it through the use of dodder (Cuscuta sp.), laboratory vector insects, or grafting. However, few phytoplasma taxa have been reported in natural infections of C. roseus, and the role of C. roseus in phytoplasma dissemination and natural disease spread is not clear. In this study, naturally diseased plants of C. roseus exhibiting yellowing and witches' broom symptoms indicative of phytoplasma infection were observed throughout the year in the state of R

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Salehi, M., K. Izadpanah, and N. Nejat. "A New Phytoplasma Infecting Lettuce in Iran." Plant Disease 90, no. 2 (2006): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0247c.

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Lettuce phyllody (LP) is an economically important disease of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in vegetative crop and seed crop fields in the Fars Province of Iran. Wild lettuce phyllody (WLP) occurs also in epidemic proportions in wild lettuce (L. serriola) during the fall in Iranian central and southern provinces, especially in Fars. Among various leafhopper species tested, Neoaliturus fenestratus successfully transmitted agents of LP and WLP to lettuce, wild lettuce, periwinkle, and sowthistle directly after field collection or after 5 to 7 days of feeding on diseased source plants. With pr

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Eckstein, B., J. C. Barbosa, J. A. M. Rezende, and I. P. Bedendo. "A Sida sp. Is a New Host for “Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense” in Brazil." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (2011): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0647.

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Sida is a genus of flowering herbs in the family Malvaceae, which includes several species that are weeds in Brazil. Plants of a Sida sp. exhibiting symptoms characterized by stunting, chlorosis, small leaves, and witches'-broom, indicative of infection by phytoplasmas, were found in a field previously cultivated with tomato, located in the region of Campinas, State of São Paulo, in December 2008. To demonstrate the presence of phytoplasmas in diseased tissues, DNA was extracted from shoots and leaves from three symptomatic and eight asymptomatic plants. Nested PCR was performed using primers

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Livingston, S., M. O. Al-Azri, N. A. Al-Saady, A. M. Al-Subhi, and A. J. Khan. "First Report of 16S rDNA II Group Phytoplasma on Polygala mascatense, a Weed in Oman." Plant Disease 90, no. 2 (2006): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0248c.

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Polygala mascatense Boiss. (family Polygalaceae) is a common weed found in neglected farms, under date palm trees, and in stony locations throughout the Sultanate of Oman (1). It is a perennial herb approximately 30 to 40 cm tall, has slender branches, is woody at the base, and has linear leaves with purple flowers. Recently (November 2004), in the interior region of Oman (210 km south of Muscat), some polygala plants were found stunted with small leaves, bushy growth, and the floral parts were showing phyllody symptoms. Total genomic DNA extracted from asymptomatic and symptomatic plants with

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Livingston, William H., George F. Ritz, and John S. Rombold. "Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe on Red Spruce in Eastern Maine." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 3 (1991): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.3.123.

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Abstract Eastern dwarf mistletoe was found on 15.4% of the red spruce stems in a predominantly 70- 80-year-old softwood stand in eastern Maine. Infected trees rarely show decline symptoms or are killed by the parasite. Dwarf mistletoe was found on red spruce in 13 additional locations in the state. Infected trees can be detected by the presence of small (<1-2 ft diameter) witches' brooms. Extent of dwarf mistletoe infections on red spruce is more common than previously reported. Management of spruce regeneration, natural and planted, should include assessment and control of dwarf mistletoe

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Lima, Juliana O., Jorge F. Pereira, Johana Rincones, et al. "The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao." Genetics and Molecular Biology 32, no. 2 (2009): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572009000200024.

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Sandgren, Alexander. "Which witch is which? Exotic objects and intentional identity." Synthese 195, no. 2 (2016): 721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1237-3.

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Wei, W., H. Cai, H. Chen, R. E. Davis, and Y. Zhao. "First Report of a Natural Infection of Opuntia sp. by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’-Related Phytoplasma in China." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (2007): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0461c.

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Cacti (Opuntia spp.) are perennial, evergreen, succulent plants native to arid areas of the Americas. Because of their aesthetic appearance, many cacti have been cultivated and introduced to other parts of the world as ornamentals. Cacti are susceptible to phytoplasma infections and develop witches'-broom (WB) disease. Currently, all reported cactus WB cases are associated with infections by phytoplasmas in the peanut witches'-broom group (16SrII) (1,2,4). During a phytoplasma diversity survey carried out during 2004 in Yunnan, China, we collected 29 malformed and 14 healthy-looking naturally

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Dong, J. H., L. Zhang, J. H. McBeath, and Z. K. Zhang. "First Report of Kidney Bean Little Leaf Disease Associated with 16SrII Group Phytoplasma in China." Plant Disease 94, no. 1 (2010): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0132b.

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Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important cash crop in China. It is widely grown in the Yunnan Province in the southwest region. In November of 2008, a new disease was observed on kidney bean plants grown in Yuanmou County. Affected plants displayed symptoms that included numerous twisted lateral shoots with abundant, tiny trifoliate leaves that were approximately one-tenth the size of healthy leaves. Some affected leaves, which were slightly distorted and oblong to oval, were evident on diseased plants and appeared pale green. On plants with little leaf symptoms, flowers were poorly fo

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Gay, David E. "Anglo-Saxon Metrical Charm 3 Against a Dwarf: A Charm Against Witch-Riding?" Folklore 99, no. 2 (1988): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.1988.9716439.

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Wang, K., and C. Hiruki. "The molecular stability of genomic DNA of phytoplasma in the witches'-broom-affected paulownia tissues after microwave heat treatment." Journal of Microbiological Methods 33, no. 3 (1998): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(98)00063-3.

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