Academic literature on the topic 'With focus on Brayton’s cycle'
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Journal articles on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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Forsberg, Charles W., Per F. Peterson, and Haihua Zhao. "High-Temperature Liquid-Fluoride-Salt Closed-Brayton-Cycle Solar Power Towers." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (July 8, 2006): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710245.
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Liquid-fluoride-salt heat transfer fluids are proposed to raise the heat-to-electricity efficiencies of solar power towers to about 50%. The liquid salt would deliver heat from the solar furnace at temperatures between 700°C and 850°C to a closed multireheat Brayton power cycle using nitrogen or helium as the working fluid. During the daytime, hot salt may also be used to heat graphite, which would then be used as a heat storage medium to make night-time operations possible. Graphite is a low-cost high-heat-capacity solid that is chemically compatible with liquid fluoride salts at high temperatures. About half the cost of a solar power tower is associated with the mirrors that focus light on the receiver, and less than one-third is associated with the power cycle and heat storage. Consequently, increasing the efficiency by 20–30% has the potential for major reductions in the cost of electricity. Peak temperatures and efficiencies of current designs of power towers are restricted by (1) the use of liquid nitrate salts that decompose at high temperatures and (2) steam cycles in which corrosion limits peak temperature. The liquid-fluoride-salt technology and closed Brayton power cycles are being developed for high-temperature nuclear reactors. These developments may provide the technology and industrial basis for an advanced solar power tower.
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Khalatov, A. A., S. D. Severin, P. I. Brodetsky, and V. S. Maisotsenko. "Brayton’s subatmospheric inverse cycle with regeneration of output heat by Maisotsenko’s cicle." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2015.01.072.
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Anonymous. "New focus for Global Biogeochemical Cycle." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no. 45 (1990): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo071i045p01775-01.
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Randle, Jason M., Mirella L. Stroink, and Connie H. Nelson. "Addiction and the adaptive cycle: A new focus." Addiction Research & Theory 23, no. 1 (July 17, 2014): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.942295.
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Yi, Chuixiang, Elise Pendall, and Philippe Ciais. "Focus on extreme events and the carbon cycle." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 070201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/070201.
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Kim, Hyung Chul, Timothy J. Wallington, Sherry A. Mueller, Bert Bras, Tina Guldberg, and Francisco Tejada. "Life Cycle Water Use of Ford Focus Gasoline and Ford Focus Electric Vehicles." Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, no. 5 (August 27, 2015): 1122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12329.
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LEVINE, E. "Cell cycle and development: focus on organogenesis and differentiation." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 16, no. 3 (June 2005): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.02.003.
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Redmond, T. Michael. "Focus on Molecules: RPE65, the visual cycle retinol isomerase." Experimental Eye Research 88, no. 5 (May 2009): 846–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2008.07.015.
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Sur, Malini. "Life Cycle." Transfers 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070110.
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Life Cycle ethnographically and visually documents the everyday use of bicycles among Kolkata’s city dwellers. Winding through the city’s congested thoroughfares and narrow by-lanes, we follow daily wageworkers, including migrants from eastern India, environmentalists, teachers, and activists, who cycle for a living. In this documentary (forty-two minutes) and the broader ethnographic project within which it is situated, I investigate how cycling mediates people’s changing relationships to cities in South Asia. Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), the largest city in eastern India, is the primary focus of Life Cycle. This city has 1.68 million cyclists, records 2.5 million cycle trips a day, has the least amount of road space (6 percent) in metropolitan India, and has the second highest air pollution level. By 2017, traffic regulations prohibited cycling on seventy city roads.
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Pingguang, Zhang, and Cai Suilin. "Quadratic systems with a weak focus." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 44, no. 3 (December 1991): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700030008.
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In this paper we study the number and the relative position of the limit cycles of a plane quadratic system with a weak focus. In particular, we prove the limit cycles of such a system can never have (2, 2)-distribution, and that there is at most one limit cycle not surrounding this weak focus under any one of the following conditions:(i) the system has at least 2 saddles in the finite plane,(ii) the system has more than 2 finite singular points and more than 1 singular point at infinity,(iii) the system has exactly 2 finite singular points, more than 1 singular point at infinity, and the weak focus is itself surrounded by at least one limit cycle.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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Kantor, Radek. "Aplikační případy využití zkapalněného zemního plynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401563.
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Pridasawas, Wimolsiri. "Solar-driven refrigeration systems with focus on the ejector cycle." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4151.
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Lindkvist, Louise. "Exploring Product Life-Cycle Information Flows with a Focus on Remanufacturing." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell Produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107496.
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Our daily lives and welfare rely heavily on products. Considering that climate change is caused by humans, it is important to handle and use products in a sustainable manner; remanufacturing is one such way to accomplish this. Remanufacturing is an industrial process where products are restored into useful life. However, few products are designed for remanufacturing, which sometimes makes remanufacturing impossible or difficult to perform. Traditionally, the design focus has been on the manufacturing and use phases. The product life-cycle perspective, however, is required to obtain a more sustainable product life-cycle. As the remanufacturing process is characterised by process steps such as inspection, disassembly, cleaning and reprocessing, the often labour-intensive remanufacturing process has specific requirements on the design. Further, the remanufacturing process is characterised by uncertainties such as when used products are expected and what state they will be in when they arrive. Information from the product life-cycle such as drawings and service reports could potentially facilitate the remanufacturing process. Further, feedback from remanufacturing to product design could improve the design of the next generation of products. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyse product life-cycle information flows with a particular focus on remanufacturing. The design research methodology framework has been used to outline, plan and support the research. Previous research in the area has been assessed through a literature study, while the case study methodology was applied for carrying out the empirical studies. The data collection methods used in the case studies were semi-structured interviews, workshops and document analysis. The result from the literature study shows that feedback such as suggestions for improvement from remanufacturing personnel, process data, and data about wear on components could help to improve the design of the next generation of products. Further, design changes could lead to a more efficient remanufacturing process. The three industrial cases presented in this licentiate thesis fail to explore the full potential of remanufacturing feedback to product design. All in all, remanufacturing is sufficiently included in the information flows of the product life-cycle. Design for remanufacturing is not applied in any of the industrial cases studied.
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Culler, Michael. "Modeling product life cycle networks in SysML with a focus on LCD computer monitors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34742.
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Electronic waste has become a growing concern in the world among governments, businesses, and consumers. These concerns are well founded as electronics waste presents economic, social, and environmental challenges. Economically, discarding electronic waste into landfills represents inefficient use of valuable materials and energy resources. Socially, improperly recycled electronic waste that takes place in third world countries with poor labor standards represents a moral dilemma for developed countries. Environmentally, electronic waste is a threat to all living organisms as it contains proportionally high levels of poisonous and toxic materials. To deal with these growing challenges a strong response needs to be made by all the stakeholders in the life-cycle of electronic devices.
However, despite the apparent need, compared to the rapid increases in electronic technology that make it faster, more available, and more affordable, the technology to process electronic waste has not kept pace. This fact alone points to the inadequate funding, attention, and research that has been invested in the problem. Though it also points to an opportunity; the opportunity to build an efficient system to deal with the problem using what is already known about the lifecycle of electronic devices. Therefore, the goal of this work is to create a modeling tool to help stakeholders in the lifecycle of electronic devices understand the consequences of their choices as they affect the use of material and energy resources.
To focus the research, LCD computer monitors are chosen as a case study. LCD computer monitors provide a level of sophistication high enough to be interesting in terms of the stakeholders involved, yet simple enough to provide a reasonable scope for this research that is still accessible to the layman
As a corollary to this modeling effort, the relatively new systems modeling language SysML and ParaMagic, a program that integrates analysis modeling capability into SysML, will be evaluated. SysML was designed with Model Based Systems Engineering principles in mind thus it seems that it is a natural fit to the problem domain. Furthermore, testing SysML will provide insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the new language.
The findings with respect to LCD computer monitors show that increasing the number of end of life options and the amount of monitors flowing into those options could result in substantial network wide material and energy savings. The findings with respect to SysML and ParaMagic are mixed. Although SysML provides tremendous modeling freedom, this freedom can result in increased upfront costs for developing executable models. Similarly, ParaMagic was found to be an effective tool for creating small executable models, but as the size of models increase its effectiveness tends to zero.
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Silva, Leon M. (Leon Manuel) 1968. "A partitioning methodology for helicopter avionics system with a focus on life cycle cost." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82690.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2001.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 111).
by Leon M. Silva.
S.M.
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Kameswari, Rajasekaran Mangalaa. "Silicon biogeochemical cycle along the land to ocean continuum : Focus on Indian monsoonal estuaries." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066713/document.
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Le silicium est le second élément le plus abondant de la croûte terrestre et un nutriment clefs des écosystèmes aquatiques. Il existe de fortes interactions entre Si, le cycle du carbone et les processus biogéochimiques. Cette étude porte sur la variabilité de Si (amorphe-ASi, lithogène-LSi et dissous-DSi) et les isotopes de Si le long du continuum continent-océan. Nous avons étudié la variabilité saisonnière et spatiale de ASi, LSi, DSi et des isotopes dans ~20 estuaires indiens. Nous avons catégorisé les estuaires selon une analyse statistique (PCA et regroupement). Le prélèvement par les diatomées semble être le principal processus contrôlant ASi en saison sèche, surtout au Sud. L’altération et l’érosion contrôlent LSi dans les autres estuaires. En saison humide, l’impact des diatomées n’est pas observé à cause d’une trop forte charge sédimentaire et tous les estuaires sont dominés par les apports lithogéniques. Les compositions isotopiques de Si peuvent tracer les sources de Si et les interactions biogéochimiques. Les résultats isotopiques montrent une différence saisonnière claire avec un impact fort de l’altération aux deux saisons. Les bassins versants du sud-ouest sont très différents des autres bassins du fait de leur topographie et climat. L’impact de l’agriculture et de la couverture forestière est aussi clairement présent dans tous les bassins tandis que la composition isotopique de Si des eaux souterraines résulte d’une combinaison de production et dissolution de minéraux. Ainsi, cette étude montre le rôle prépondérant de l’altération et du type d’argiles formées sur les isotopes de Si, indépendamment des saisons, plutôt que des processus biologiques ou de mélange tels que rapportés précédemmentSilicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust and one of the key nutrient in aquatic ecosystems. There are strong interactions of Si with carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes. The present thesis focused on variability of silicon (amorphous-ASi, lithogenic-LSi and dissolved-DSi) and Si isotopes along the land to ocean continuum. We investigated the seasonal and spatial variability of ASi, LSi & DSi and Si isotopes in ~20 Indian estuaries. We categorize the estuaries using statistical analysis (PCA and cluster analysis). Diatom uptake seems to be the main process controlling ASi during dry period, especially in the South. Weathering and erosion control the variability of LSi in the remaining estuaries. Similarly lithogenic supply controls Si during wet period in all estuaries and no impact of diatoms was seen because of high suspended load. Si isotopic compositions trace the Si sources and biogeochemical pathways. The isotopic results exhibit clear seasonal difference with high impact of type of weathering during both seasons. They show that southwest watersheds are very special in terms of weathering regime compared to the other watersheds because of topography and climate. The impact of agriculture and forest cover on Si cycle is also clearly evidenced in all the basins during wet period. We show that groundwater Si isotopic variability results from a combination of dissolution and production of minerals. Overall, this study shows the preponderant influence of weathering and type of secondary clays on Si isotopes irrespective to the seasons, rather than the biological uptake or mixing as reported elsewhere
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Ibrahim, Josif, and Ahmad Kateesh. "Comparison of two different materials on frame systems with focus on life cycle analysis." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278747.
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The structural engineer should not only be able to perform design calculations but also findmore efficient solutions for building parts. The purpose of this thesis is to redesign a concreteframe for a house (an apartment building) into a light frame with steel columns andcompartment walls, as well as perform a life cycle analysis for materials on both frames anddetermine the frame with the lowest environmental impact.The result shows that the lightweight frame with steel columns and compartment walls is amuch better choice for the environment as it stands only for 60 000 kg CO2e compared toconcrete frame which stands for 163 000 kg / CO2e. The steel frame emits about 60% lessemissions than the concrete frame.By optimizing steel columns in the upper floors and choosing smaller columns led to ten tonsless mass of steel and less emissions by 15 000 kg / CO2e.The selected compartment wall has a thickness of 309 mm which is 6 mm thicker than theexisting wall which results in a reduction of the area of house by 6 square meters throughoutthe house which can be expensive depending on the location of the house.In conclusion, the material concrete is good when it is needed due to requirements on fire,noise, and durability but also less suitable when not needed. In this case, it is useless with thematerial concrete as the outer wall and can therefore be replaced by a steel columns andcompartment wall instead.Konstruktören ska inte endast kunna utföra beräkningar utan även hitta effektivare lösningar till byggnadsdelar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att dimensionera om en betongstomme för ett flerbostadshus till en lättstomme med stålpelare och utfackningsväggar samt även utföra en livscykelanalys för material på stommar och bestämma stommen med lägst miljöpåverkan.Resultatet visar att lättstomme med stålpelare och utfackningsvägg är ett mycket bättre val för miljön då står den för 60 000 kg/CO2e jämfört med betongstomme som står för 163 000 kg/CO2e. Stålstommen släpper ut ungefär 60 % mindre utsläpp än betongstommen.Optimering av stålpelare i övre plan och att välja mindre pelare ledde till tio ton mindre massa stål och även mindre utsläpp på 15 000 kg/CO2e.Den valda utfackningsväggen har tjocklek 309 mm vilket är 6 mm tjockare än den befintliga väggen som i sin tur resulterar i en areaförlust med 6 kvadratmeter i hela huset vilket kan vara dyrt beroende på husets läge.Som slutsats är att materialet betong är bra när det behövs på grund av till exempel brand, ljud och beständighet men även mindre lämpligt när det inte behövs. I detta fall är det mindre lämpligt med materialet betong som yttervägg och man kan därför använda utfackningsvägg med stålpelare istället.
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Fischer, Jackie. "Analysis of Two Filamentous Cyanobacteria with a Focus on Life Cycle Progression and Growth Parameters." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617109026832551.
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Notten, Philippa Josephine. "Life cycle inventory uncertainty in resource-based industries : a focus on coal-based power generation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19075.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop an approach to support prospective environmental decision-making in resource-based industries. The specific focus is on coal-based power generation. The objectives of the approach are that it be able to adequately reflect the environmental burdens arising from primary industries, and to make explicit the trade-offs often encountered in environmental decisions. In addition, it needs to take into account that the context in which the assessment takes place affects data availability and quality significantly, and consequently the certainty with which systems can be evaluated. Resource-based processes typically involve large-scale disruption of the local and regional environments, with imprecise processes and diffuse emissions. The modelling of the environmental performance of such processes therefore raises significant challenges, where many disparate sources of data, available at different levels of aggregation, and over various time intervals, have to be brought together into a coherent assessment. An "uncertain" definition of the system is therefore much more meaningful, in which variables are defined over ranges of values to cover inconsistencies and imbalances in the system. The inherently high variability of mining and minerals processes further supports their modelling as ranges of potential performance rather than "typical" operations, where the relevant process of interest must be identified and the variability within the particular process incorporated into the assessment Life cycle assessment (LeA) has received increasing attention for its role in environmental decision making processes, where it supports the process of defining the contribution of human activities to (at least the environmental dimension of) sustainable development. It is therefore the structured approach to environmental decision-making investigated in this thesis to organise the large data sets of varying quality and completeness available around resource-based industries into useful information, able to provide the environmental objective in a decision-making process. LeA is an inherently uncertain procedure in that it combines data sources of varying accuracy and representativeness, and employs subjective judgement in applying this data to future operating systems. Subjective judgements are also present in the definition of the systems, and in the modelling choices determining the accuracy and complexity of the inventory and impact models used. Nonetheless, LeA results are most often presented as single values, which in a comparative analysis, gives the often incorrect impression that one system is always better or worse than another system. A framework has been developed in this thesis to include all relevant sources of uncertainty encountered in LCA models explicitly, where empirical parameter uncertainty, model parameter uncertainty, and uncertainty in model form are investigated in a looped fashion. The innermost loop assesses empirical uncertainty in an iterative probabilistic analysis, using Latin Hypercube sampling of the uncertain input distributions to propagate the data uncertainty to the output, and rank-order correlation analyses to determine the relative uncertainty importance of the parameters input into the model. Model parameter uncertainty is assessed next, by a parametric analysis, or by a combination of sensitivity analyses and a parametric analysis, if a large number of model parameters require consideration. The top-most layer is an assessment of model form, in which alternative model forms are investigated in a sensitivity analysis.
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Bourguet, Nicolas. "Rôle de l'activité hydrolytique bactérienne dans le cycle de la matière organique en milieu marin : focus sur les enzymes lipase." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11058.
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Après une étude bibliographique rappelant l'importance de l'activité ectoenzymatique bactérienne dans le cycle du carbone organique en milieu marin, ce manuscrit, ciblé sur l'étude du modèle lipides - lipases, présente les étapes qui ont permis de mettre au point un protocole fournissant des mesures réalistes de l'activité lipase des bactéries marines en suivant la dégradation d'un substrat triglycéride radioactif : la [3H]-trioléine. Au cours d'une étude dans le lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie, cette nouvelle technique a été comparée avec la technique traditionnelle qui utilise des analogues fluorescents, et s'est révélée être plus spécifique, sensible et reproductible. Puis, comparée aux mesures chimiques de l'hydrolyse d'un triglycéride au cours d'une expérience de biodégradation in vitro, elle s'est avérée refléter de manière significative l'activité lipase s'exerçant in situ. Suite à ces deux étapes de validation, ce protocole a été utilisé au cours d'une étude environnementale en Méditerranée nord-occidentale dans le cadre du projet PROOF-PROPECHE, notamment pour mettre en évidence le rôle joué par l'hydrolyse ectoenzymatique dans l'accumulation de carbone organique dissous au cours de la transition printanière du milieu vers l'oligotrophie
Books on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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APEC Committee on Trade and Investment. Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance. Trade impact of life cycle analysis in multi-attribute certification programs for flooring materials and plumbing fixtures in five focus APEC member economies. Singapore: Produced for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat, 2012.
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Ismailov, Nariman, Samira Nadzhafova, and Aygyun Gasymova. Bioecosystem complexes for the solution of environmental, industrial and social problems (on the example of Azerbaijan). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043239.
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A key objective of the modern development of society is the observance of ecological and socio-economic unity in human life
and comprehensive improvement of environment and quality of life should be considered in close connection with the quality of the natural landscape. The formation of scientific understanding of the unity of society and nature is driven by the need for practical implementation of such unity. This defines the focus of this monograph. Given the overall assessment of the current state of the environment in Azerbaijan, considers the scenarios for the future development of the area. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. In the framework of the above to address complex social, environmental and production problems in Azerbaijan developed scientific basis of integrated system of industrial farms — biclusters with a closed production cycle through effective utilization of regional biological resources,
whose interactions and relationships take on the character of vzaimodeistvie components for obtaining focused final result with high practical importance. Microbiological, biochemical
and technological processes are the basis of all development of biotechnology. Presents the development will help strengthen the ties between science and production, establishing mechanisms to conduct applied research in the field of innovation and creation of knowledge-based technologies in solving current and future environmental problems in Azerbaijan.
We offer innovative ideas distinguishes the potential need for their materialization into new products, technologies and services, including the widespread use of digital technologies to design dynamic digital environmental map in space and in time.
For students, scientific and engineering-technical workers, students and specializing in environmental technology, environmental protection.
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Ken, Geiser, Irwin Frances H, and World Wildlife Fund (U.S.), eds. Rethinking the materials we use: A new focus for pollution policy. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund, 1993.
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Bracic, Ana. Breaking the Exclusion Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190050672.001.0001.
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Social exclusion of marginalized populations is an intractable problem of global relevance. Breaking the Exclusion Cycle develops a theory of how individual behaviors contribute to its persistence, and presents a possible solution. The book introduces the “exclusion cycle,” which consists of four parts. Antiminority culture gives rise to discrimination by members of the majority. Members of the minority anticipate maltreatment and develop survival strategies. Members of the majority often disapprove of minority’s survival strategies, ethnicize them, and attribute them to the minority as such, and not the discrimination. Such attribution errors feed the existing anti-minority culture and the cycle repeats. The empirical portion of the book is centered on the social exclusion of Roma (derogatively known as “Gypsies”) in Slovenia, which the book uses to illustrate the theory and to offer evidence that the vicious cycle can be broken. Specifically, the findings in the book suggest that Roma-led, NGO-promoted dialogue and intergroup contact strategies can help reduce non-Roma discrimination against the Roma. The empirics in the book rest on original evidence collected over twelve months of fieldwork. The centerpieces are two lab-infield experiments, one involving a trust game and one involving the public goods game administered via original videogame. The experiments capture discriminatory behavior by non-Roma and survival strategies by Roma, and are supplemented by interviews, field observations, and surveys. While the empirics focus on Roma and non-Roma, the theory as well as the implications of the findings apply to other cases of marginalized populations.
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Focus the Word: Ideas and Resources for a Living Liturgy for Every Sunday of the Year: Complete 3 Year Cycle. Kevin Mayhew, 1989.
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90 Day Cycle to New Habits Journal: 60 Minutes of Daily Focus to Transform Your Life and Achieve Your Goals and Dreams. Independently Published, 2020.
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Kumar, Abhishek, Sushanta Mallick, and Kunal Sen. Effects of productivity growth on domestic savings across countries: Disentangling the roles of trend and cycle. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/912-9.
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Resource mobilization continues to be an important policy challenge for developing economies, raising questions as to what determines differences in saving behaviour across countries. Using a panel of 47 economies with at least 40 years of continuous time series data, we causally identify, using a range of approaches, that higher productivity growth leads to greater savings, thereby contributing to higher investment. The dynamics of such productivity shocks have been disentangled into trend and cyclical shocks to uncover that cyclical productivity shocks tend to have a strong positive effect on saving rates. Comparing two countries with different levels of productivity (high and low) in a counterfactual analysis, this result remains robust, and we reconfirm that large declines in productivity shocks were associated with large decline in saving rates. Countries should focus on promoting policies to boost productivity growth and thereby achieve higher savings instead of focusing on savings-induced policies alone.
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Eckardt, Regine, and Augustin Speyer. Information Structure and Language Change. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.23.
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This article explores the effect of language change on focusing and focus constructions based on observations and case studies. It begins by analysing bleached focus and contrasts it with independent focus. It also makes a distinction between universal focus effects and language-specific focus operators to show how language change can affect the specific parts of the grammar of focus. The discussion then turns to the emergence of focus sensitive particles, with particular reference to the semantic units that precede focus as part of semantic composition. The Jespersen Cycle is considered as a classic example of independent focus that gets bleached and finally lost. The article concludes by looking at information structure and syntactic change in the rise and loss of V2 in Germanic languages. It demonstrates how bleached focus can bridge the gap between the formal focus and informal notions of information structure.
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Williams, Craig A., and Sébastien Ratel. Maximal-intensity exercise. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0008.
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Maximal intensity is any activity where the exercise-supplying metabolism demonstrates a higher anaerobic ATP yield than the oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Ethical considerations prevent muscle biopsy techniques in young people, resulting in indirect inferences about anaerobic metabolism during exercise being applied to mostly mechanically derived measurements. These measurements are largely based on cycle ergometry tests like the Wingate test. Compared to aerobic data, maximal-intensity data sets are infrequently published, female data across all age ranges are lacking, and application is limited by a focus on sports performance rather than health. However, regardless of how these data are analysed, children and adolescent performance is inferior to adults. Most studies attempt to explain this from a quantitative muscle (and age) perspective, while explanations of qualitative factors, e.g. hormonal and neuromuscular, have proved elusive. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms underpinning maximal-intensity exercise as an important component of everyday physical activity.
Book chapters on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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Sproull, ByBob. "The Ultimate Improvement Cycle." In The Focus and Leverage Improvement Book, 19–44. 1 Edition. | New York, NY : Taylor & Francis, [2019]: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429444456-2.
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Chinen, Kenichiro, Hideki Endo, Mitsutaka Matsumoto, and Yongliang Stanley Han. "Embedding a Sustainability Focus in Packaging Development Processes." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 49–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_4.
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Grima-Farrell, Christine. "Aligning Our Focus with Strengths and Solutions." In What Matters in a Research to Practice Cycle?, 251–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2087-2_10.
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Barthel, Mark, James A. Fava, Curtis A. Harnanan, Philip Strothmann, Sofia Khan, and Simon Miller. "Hotspots Analysis: Providing the Focus for Action." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 149–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7221-1_12.
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Daae, Johannes, and Casper Boks. "Towards an Increased User Focus in Life Cycle Engineering." In Re-engineering Manufacturing for Sustainability, 21–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_4.
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Linderman, Jennifer J., and Douglas A. Lauffenburger. "A Whole Cell Kinetic Model of the Endocytic Cycle: Focus on Sorting." In Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, 56–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48892-4_5.
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Ponce, Enrique, Javier Ros, and Elísabet Vela. "The Focus-Center-Limit Cycle Bifurcation in Discontinuous Planar Piecewise Linear Systems Without Sliding." In Progress and Challenges in Dynamical Systems, 335–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38830-9_21.
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Pan, Yuan, Jianling Hou, Guohua Xing, and Boquan Liu. "Seismic Collapse Resistance of Multi-story Buildings Focus on Structural Low-Cycle Fatigue Characteristic." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 147–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03718-4_19.
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Ahlers, Reinhard. "The Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) Methodology." In New Business Models for the Reuse of Secondary Resources from WEEEs, 81–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74886-9_7.
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AbstractThe FENIX project has started to develop future business models for the efficient recovery of secondary resources. It would not be enough just to improve business models based on traditional linear approaches. Rather, new approaches must be developed with a particular focus on environmental and climate changes. Electronic scrap is no longer scrap, but must be seen as valuable material. Using the mobile phone as an example, FENIX has developed technologies to get recyclable materials out of scrapped mobile phones and to process them into new materials and final products. The developed technological approaches are not limited to mobile phones, but can be used for all types of electronic waste. FENIX has only focused on the logistic chain from the dismantling of the cell phones to the manufacturing of new materials and products (recycling chain). This, of course, involves a lot of effort in dismantling the e-waste, as the recycling process was not yet considered when developing the products currently on the market. Such eco-design approaches would certainly reduce the disassembly effort in the future. FENIX business models should not only be based on economic success but also consider ecological effects at the same time. Therefore, an accompanying Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) has been carried out to prove the advantages of the developed business models. From the interim assessment, recommendations for further technical development directions were repeatedly given to achieve the best possible economic and ecological solutions.
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Franssila, Heljä, and Jussi Okkonen. "Adjusting the Design Target of Life-Cycle Aware HCI in Knowledge Work: Focus on Computing Practices." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 150–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41145-8_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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Harper, Allen D., and Jeffrey S. Jansen. "Closed Brayton Cycle Engine Application to Emerging Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Missions." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-307.
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Propulsion system definition to support emerging unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) studies becomes of increasing significance as mission complexity grows. Substantial experience in the design of closed Brayton cycle (CBC) engines for marine applications has been applied to a range of UUV requirements and the results of system integration/conceptual design studies are described in this paper. The focus is on the heat engine; prior efforts have treated the associated thermochemical heat sources. Extensive use has been made of the pioneering efforts conducted 10 to 15 years ago. Some comparisons are given with competing propulsion system approaches (e.g., electrical systems), but these are not the focus of this paper since comparisons of this type have already been presented.
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Clementoni, Eric M., Timothy L. Cox, and Martha A. King. "Off-Nominal Component Performance in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42040.
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Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The Integrated System Test (IST) is a simple recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable-speed turbine-driven compressor and a constant-speed turbine-driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid designed to output 100 kWe. The main focus of the IST is to demonstrate operational, control, and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. Therefore, the IST was designed to operate in a configuration and at conditions that support demonstrating the controllability of the closed S-CO2 Brayton cycle. Operating at high system efficiency and meeting a specified efficiency target are not requirements of the IST. However, efficiency is a primary driver for many commercial applications of S-CO2 power cycles. This paper uses operational data to evaluate component off-nominal performance and predict that design system operation would be achievable.
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Clementoni, Eric M., and Timothy L. Cox. "Steady-State Power Operation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25336.
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Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine driven compressor and a constant speed turbine driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid designed to output 100 kWe. The main focus of the IST is to demonstrate operational, control and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. IST operation has reached the point where the system can be operated with the turbine-compressor thermal-hydraulically balanced so that the net output of the system is equal to the turbine-generator output. In this operating mode, power level is changed by using the compressor recirculation valve which changes the fraction of compressor flow that goes to the turbines. Steady-state operation with the turbine-compressor thermal hydraulically balanced at near zero net system power is presented.
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Cich, Stefan D., J. Jeffrey Moore, Meera Day Towler, and Jason Mortzheim. "Loop Transient Performance With a Closed Loop sCO2 Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-04135.
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Abstract Recent testing has been completed on a 1 MWe supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) closed loop recuperated cycle under funding from the US Department of Energy (DOE) Sunshot initiative and industry partners. Some of the goals of this funding included the development of a 1 MWe loop, a 10 MWe turbine, and performance and mechanical testing. One of the key challenges that presented itself was the filling, start-up, and shut down of the entire system. Understanding the loop transient performance is important when having to bring a turbine online, transitioning from peak to partial loading, and also managing routine and emergency shut downs. Due to large changes in density near the critical point for CO2 and its tendency to form dry ice when expanded to atmospheric pressure, managing loop filling and venting is critical in ensuring that components are not damaged. With successful testing up to 715°C and 234 bar, this paper will provide updated data to, “Loop Filling and Start Up with a Closed Loop sCO2 Brayton Cycle [1].” While the previous paper focused on early trips and start up challenges, this paper will focus on the specific challenges at maximum operating conditions, and how the loop was managed when getting up to these high temperatures and pressures and how the loop behaved during a high temperature trip when compared to a controlled shut down from maximum operating conditions.
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Wright, Steven A., Paul S. Pickard, Robert Fuller, Ross F. Radel, and Milton E. Vernon. "Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Power Generation Development Program and Initial Test Results." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81081.
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The DOE Office of Nuclear Energy and Sandia National Labs are investigating supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles as a potentially more efficient and compact power conversion system for advanced nuclear reactors, and other heat sources including solar, geothermal, and fossil or bio fuel systems. The focus of this work is on the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle which has the potential for both high efficiency, in temperature range (400–750 C), and for reduced capital costs due to very compact turbomachinery. The cycle achieves high efficiency due to the non-ideal behavior of supercritical CO2, and it achieves extremely high power density because the fluid in the turbomachinery is very dense, 10%–60% the density of water. Sandia and its contractor Barber Nichols Inc. have fabricated and are operating a supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) compression test-loop to investigate the key technology issues associated with this cycle. The compression loop is part of a multi-year phased development program to develop a megawatt (MW) heater-class closed S-CO2 Brayton cycle to demonstrate the applicability of this cycle to heat sources above 400 C. Other portions of the program include modifications to the compression loop to operate it as a simple heated Brayton loop by adding a small turbine and a heater, but with no recuperator. The early testing of this simple Brayton cycle is under way. A more ambitious effort is currently constructing a recompression cycle Brayton loop (1) which is some times called a split-flow Brayton cycle. This cycle is used to increase the efficiency of the system by providing large amounts of recuperation using printed circuit heat exchangers. The re-compression (or split-flow) Brayton cycle is designed to operate at 1000 F (538 C) and produce up to 250 kWe with a 1.47″ OD radial compressor and a 2.68″ OD radial turbine. The current compression loop uses a main compressor that is identical to the main compressors in all the Brayton cycles that are being developed at Sandia. The key issues for the supercritical Brayton cycle include the fundamental issues of compressor fluid performance and system control near the critical point. Near the critical point very non ideal fluid behavior is observed which means that standard tools for analyzing compressor performance cannot be used. Thus one of the goals of the program is to develop data that can be used to validate the tools and models that are used to design the turbomachinery. Other supporting technology issues that are essential to achieving efficiency and cost objectives include bearing type, thrust load and thrust load balancing, bearing cooling, sealing technologies, and rotor windage losses. The current tests are providing the first measurements and information on these important supercritical CO2 power conversion system questions. Some of this data is presented in this report. In the testing to date, the turbomachinery has reached maximum speeds of 65,000 rpm, peak flow rates of over 9 lb/s and pressure ratios of just over 1.65. Compressor inlet fluid densities have been varied from 14% to 70% the density of water. Although the data from these tests are only the first results to be analyzed, they indicate that the basic design and performance predictions are sound. The loops have operated the turbo-compressor on the liquid and vapor side of the saturation curve, very near the critical point, above the critical point and even on the saturation dome. We have also operated the compressor near the choked flow regime and even in surge. At the current operating speeds and pressures, the observed performance map data agrees extremely well with the model predictions. These results have positive implications for the ultimate success of the S-CO2 cycle. In general the main compressor shows no adverse behavior while operating over a wide range of normal operating conditions. It operates reliably and with performance values that are very near the predicted results. Future efforts will focus on operating the Brayton cycle loop at sufficiently high temperatures that electrical power can be produced near the end of 2009. The compression-loop hardware is now the test bed for confirming the remaining parameters to support the next stage of development — which is the 1 MW heater-class split-flow or re-compressor Brayton cycle.
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Deshmukh, Ankur, and Jayanta Kapat. "Pinch Point Analysis of Air Cooler in sCO2 Brayton Cycle Operating Over Ambient Temperature Range." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3725.
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Abstract Supercritical CO2 Brayton Power cycle is getting commercially attractive for power generation due to its numerous advantages like zero water discharge, compactness, low environmental emission and potential to reach high thermal efficiency. A typical recuperated sCO2 closed cycle consists of three heat exchangers (main heat exchanger, cooler and recuperator) and two turbomachinery (sCO2 turbine and sCO2 compressor). The cooler using ambient air for cooling is the focus of this study. Steady state air cooler model is set up to study the effect of air cooler size on cycle efficiency. The effect of change in ambient air temperature on air cooler pinch point for different air cooler sizes is analyzed using transient air cooler model. The simulation is setup for design of approximately 100MWe sCO2 cycle with operating temperature of 700° C and pressure of 250 barA. Transient calculations are done using LMS AMESim. LMS AMESim is Siemens PLM commercially available software. This work thus serves as a framework to develop a design basis for air cooler in sCO2 cycle as a function of transient operating conditions.
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Clementoni, Eric M., Timothy L. Cox, and Martha A. King. "Steady-State Power Operation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle With Thermal-Hydraulic Control." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56038.
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The Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid. The IST is a simple recuperated Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine driven compressor and a constant speed turbine driven generator designed to output 100 kWe. The main focus of the IST is to demonstrate operational, control, and performance characteristics of an sCO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. IST operation has reached the point where the system can be run with the turbine-compressor thermal-hydraulically balanced so that the net power of the cycle is equal to the turbine-generator output. In this operating mode, power level is changed by using the compressor recirculation valve to adjust the fraction of compressor flow that goes to the turbines as well as the compressor pressure ratio. Steady-state operational data and trends are presented at various system power levels from near zero net cycle power to maximum operating power using a simplified thermal-hydraulic based control method. Confirmation of stable steady-state operation of the system with automatic thermal-hydraulic control is also discussed.
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Wang, Junfeng, Yanping Huang, Jinguang Zang, and Guangxu Liu. "Preliminary Design and Considerations of a MWe Scale Supercritical CO2 Integral Test Loop." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56426.
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Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) has started the investigation on supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycles since 2011. The aim of this project is to understand the feasibility and economics of coupling S-CO2 power cycle with Gen IV nuclear reactors, industrial waste heat, solar power, and so on. Up to now, the pre-concept design, economics analyses, and feasibility evaluation has been accomplished. The focus in the next step is the technology demonstrations by constructing and testing an integral test loop of S-CO2 Brayton cycle. With subcontractors and collaborators from China and UK, NPIC starts the design of a MWe scale Integral Test Loop in mid-2015. This paper presents some preliminary design results on this Integral Test Loop, including cycle layouts, design heat balance, and components considerations. Future planning on SCO2 power cycle research and development in NPIC is discussed.
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Reale, Fabrizio, Raniero Sannino, and Raffaele Tuccillo. "Micro Gas Turbine Integrated With a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbine: Layout Comparison and Thermodynamic Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14910.
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Abstract In an energetic scenario where both distributed energy systems and smart energy grids gain increasing relevance, the research focus is also on the detection of new solutions to increase overall performance of small-scale energy systems. Waste heat recovery (WHR) can represent a good solution to achieve this goal, due to the possibility of converting residual thermal power in thermal engine exhausts into electrical power. The authors, in a recent study, described the opportunities related to the integration of a micro gas turbine (MGT) with a supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle (sCO2 GT) turbine. The adoption of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) as working fluid in closed Brayton cycles is an old idea, already studied in the 1960s. Only in recent years this topic returned to be of interest for electric power generation (i.e. solar, nuclear, geothermal energy or coupled with traditional thermoelectric power plants as WHR). In this technical paper the authors analyzed the performance variations of different systems layout based on the integration of a topping MGT with a sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle; the performance maps for both topping and bottoming turbomachinery have been included in the thermodynamic model with the aim of investigating the part load working conditions. The MGT considered is a Turbec T100P and its behavior at part load conditions is also described. The potential and critical aspects related to the integration of the sCO2 GT as bottoming cycle are studied also through a comparison between different layouts, in order to establish the optimal compromise between overall efficiencies and complexity of the energy system. The off-design analysis of the integrated system is addressed to evaluate its response to variable electrical and thermal demands.
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Deshmukh, Ankur, Jayanta Kapat, and Akshay Khadse. "Transient Thermodynamic Modeling of Air Cooler in Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle for Solar Molten Salt Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91409.
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Abstract Supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle is getting commercially attractive for power generation due to its numerous advantages like zero water discharge, compactness, low environmental emission and potential to reach high thermal efficiency at lower costs. A typical recuperated sCO2 closed cycle consists of three heat exchangers (main heat exchanger, cooler and recuperator) and two turbomachinery (sCO2 turbine and sCO2 compressor). The cooler which can use air or water as heat sink is the focus of this study. The purpose of the paper is investigation of behavior of thermodynamic parameters of cooler during transient operations. In this study, dynamic simulation is performed to analyze the transient behavior of air cooler in sCO2 cycle using molten salt as heat source from solar energy. Transient study is critical to understand the thermodynamic behavior of each system with time. Rapid changes in ambient temperature, operating loads, start-ups and shutdowns affect the performance of the turbomachinery and heat exchangers. The change in the thermal performance of air cooler with the change in boundary conditions is demonstrated here. The simulation is setup by having a steady state design of 100MWe sCO2 cycle with operating temperature of 700°C and pressure of 250 barA. Dynamic calculations are done using LMS AMESim. Transients studied in this paper include (i) step variation (ii) standard variation (iii) linear variation of air temperature. This work thus serves as a framework to develop a design basis for sCO2 cycle components as a function of transient operating conditions.
Reports on the topic "With focus on Brayton’s cycle"
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Piercy, Candice, Safra Altman, Todd Swannack, Carra Carrillo, Emily Russ, and John Winkelman. Expert elicitation workshop for planning wetland and reef natural and nature-based features (NNBF) futures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41665.
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This special report discusses the outcomes of a September 2019 workshop intended to identify barriers to the consideration and implementation of natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works projects. A total of 23 participants representing seven USACE districts, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and the University of California–Santa Cruz met at USACE’s South Atlantic Division Headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss how to facilitate the implementation of NNBF into USACE project planning for wetlands and reefs using six categories: (1) site characterization, (2) engineering and design analysis, (3) life-cycle analysis, (4) economic analysis, (5) construction analysis, (6) and operation and maintenance (and monitoring). The workshop identified seven future directions in wetland and reef NNBF research and development: • Synthesize existing literature and analysis of existing projects to better define failure modes. • Determine trigger points that lead to loss of feature function. • Identify performance factors with respect to coastal storm risk management (CSRM) performance as well as ecological performance. • Focus additional research into cobenefits of NNBF. • Quantify the economic life-cycle costs of a project. • Improve technology transfer with regards to NNBF research and topics.
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Brinkerhoff, Derick W., Sarah Frazer, and Lisa McGregor-Mirghani. Adapting to Learn and Learning to Adapt: Practical Insights from International Development Projects. RTI Press, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0015.1801.
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Adaptive programming and management principles focused on learning, experimentation, and evidence-based decision making are gaining traction with donor agencies and implementing partners in international development. Adaptation calls for using learning to inform adjustments during project implementation. This requires information gathering methods that promote reflection, learning, and adaption, beyond reporting on pre-specified data. A focus on adaptation changes traditional thinking about program cycle. It both erases the boundaries between design, implementation, and evaluation and reframes thinking to consider the complexity of development problems and nonlinear change pathways.Supportive management structures and processes are crucial for fostering adaptive management. Implementers and donors are experimenting with how procurement, contracting, work planning, and reporting can be modified to foster adaptive programming. Well-designed monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems can go beyond meeting accountability and reporting requirements to produce data and learning for evidence-based decision making and adaptive management. It is important to continue experimenting and learning to integrate adaptive programming and management into the operational policies and practices of donor agencies, country partners, and implementers. We need to devote ongoing effort to build the evidence base for the contributions of adaptive management to achieving international development results.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, Mauricio Landin, and Sarah Malik. Bahrain COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/ucrg0501.
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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Italy COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/itl0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Jordan COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/jord0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Saudi Arabia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/ksa0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Finland COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/fin0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Netherlands COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/nl0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Australia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/astr0501.
Full textAbstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.