Relevant bibliographies by topics / With four floors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'With four floors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "With four floors"

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Harri, M., J. Mononen, and J. Sepponen. "Preferences of farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for four different floor types." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 1 (1999): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-059.

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Farmed silver foxes were allowed to choose between four standard farm cages, each of which was equipped with a different floor material: plastic-coated wire mesh (WM); dry wood (DW); dry sand (DS); and wet wood (WW) or icy sand (IS). Six males and six females were placed in the test environment singly in winter; and the same individuals, again in spring. The use of the different floors was videorecorded and analysed from the tapes for active periods and resting period on 5 or 6 d. Resting consisted of 14–20 separate bouts d−1, occupying 58–62% of the total 24 h. In winter, the active periods of the animal’s day were spent as follows: DW (34%) = DS (33%) > IS (17%) = WM (15%). The resting periods were spent as follows: DW (59%) > WM (26%) = DS (15%) > IS (1%). In spring, the order of active time was DS (36%) > DW (25%) = WW (24%) > WM (15%) and of resting time was DW (51%) > WM (19%) = WW (16%) = DS (15%). Different individuals preferred different floors, leading to large variance in the group means. This high variation may suggest a low level of priority in general but a high level of priority within individuals. Although solid floors were highly preferred when dry, they were least preferred when wet or icy. Key words: Preference test, wire-mesh floor, solid floor, wet floor, resting place, Vulpes vulpes
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Zegowitz, Andreas, Anna Renzl, Wolfgang Hofbauer, Joerg Meyer, and Hartwig Kuenzel. "Drying behaviour and microbial load after water damage." Structural Survey 34, no. 1 (2016): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-07-2015-0032.

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Purpose – The water damage in buildings because of leaking pipes and increasingly because of floods and severe weather require professional help. Methods for improved repair and remediation techniques have to be developed. The water damage in buildings because of leaking pipes and increasingly because of floods and severe weather require professional help. Methods for improved repair and remediation techniques have to be developed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Therefore, large scale laboratory tests with four rooms, each with three types of masonry walls (Figure 2 and Plate 1) and typical floors for intermediate storeys with insulation were performed within a climate simulator. Artificial water damage was provoked through watering the floors, and the dispersion of water in the floors and the rising damp in the walls was measured. In the follow-up to the watering of the floors, a company specialized in drying wet buildings, installed systems for under floor drying and wall drying. Findings – The drying process of the different components and layers of the floor construction and walls was monitored by a measuring system with more than 300 sensors for moisture content, relative humidity and temperature accompanied by thermography and demonstrated so the advantages and disadvantages of the different tested drying systems. After providing an initial contamination that is typical for construction sites, the microbial load (mould infestation) within the wet components was monitored at different times by experienced biologists. So after three weeks under floor drying no mould growth could be asserted but more bacteria than expected were found. Originality/value – The aim of the research was to gain more confidence in selecting appropriate drying procedures and systems in order to identify the right moment for terminating the drying process. A further intent was to acquire data for computer simulations.
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Smith, Ian, and Ying Hei Chui. "Construction methods for minimizing vibration levels in floors with lumber joists." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 5 (1992): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-094.

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The National Building Code of Canada 1990 specifies the allowable spans for lumber floor joists that are expected to lead to satisfactory vibrational behaviour. This paper discusses construction methods that improve the floor behaviour once the flooring and joists appropriate to a particular building occupancy have been selected. Laboratory tests on full-size floors demonstrate that adding between-joists bridging and supporting all four floor edges significantly improves the overall vibrational performance of wood floors. Bridging consisting of solid blocking glued to the underside of the flooring and a mild steel strap nailed to the underside of blocking and joists is more effective than several alternative details. Incorporating pads of damping material between flooring and joists, or at bearings, can have a detrimental effect on floor performance. The use of elastomeric adhesive, in lieu of nailed flooring-to-joist connections, does not significantly enhance the mechanical performance of floors with lumber joists. Key words: lumber, vibration, serviceability, floors, design detailing.
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MORRISON, W. D., L. A. BATE, I. McMILLAN, and E. AMYOT. "OPERANT HEAT DEMAND OF PIGLETS HOUSED ON FOUR DIFFERENT FLOORS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 2 (1987): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-032.

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Four groups of six 28-d-old piglets (three male, three female) were assigned in a Latin square design to each of four floors, bedded concrete, bare concrete, perforated metal or raised rubber-coated metal. Each pen was equipped with a microswitch which, when pushed, turned on three 250-W infrared lamps suspended 42 m above the floor. Each group of piglets remained on each floor for 48 h and the same groups were used for a second replicate. This approach was repeated with different groups of piglets at temperatures of 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 °C. Behavior regarding activation of the microswitch was monitored by the use of a video cassette recorder. Light at 180 lx was provided continuously. On bedded concrete, piglets demanded approximately 3 min less heat per hour (P < 0.05) than on any other floor and on perforated metal demanded approximately 3 min more heat per hour (P < 0.05) than on any other floor. Supplemental heat on bare concrete was similar to that of raised rubber-coated metal. From the results it was established that the effective environmental temperature on bedded concrete is 3 °C warmer than that for bare concrete or raised rubber-coated metal and 6 °C warmer than perforated metal. Piglets showed diurnal variation in heat demand. Key words: Piglets, operant, thermal regulation
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Kim, In-Ju. "Tribological approach for the safety assessment of flooring/walkway surfaces: Application for the prevention of pedestrian fall incidence." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 235, no. 10 (2021): 2200–2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650121991420.

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This study investigated the role of surface finishes from different material types of floors/walkways on traction properties and identified their effects on slipperiness controls under diverse walking environments to prevent fall incidence. Measurements and analyses of surface textures and traction properties of floors/walkways and interpretations were based on a tribological concept. Dynamic friction tests were conducted amongst nine indoor and outdoor floor specimens and three shoes under four different risk levels of environments. Test results showed that traction performances were considerably influenced by surface finishes of the floor specimens under the moderately (soapy) and highly (oily) risky conditions. This study also uncovered that rough floors did not mechanically ensure higher slip resistance whilst some smooth floors exhibited better slip resistance than the rougher ones. Nevertheless, outcomes from this study provided fundamental, but important information on the walkway traction properties that showed multifaceted features of tribological phenomena. Based on the overall findings, this study proposed an insight to identify the impact of floor/walkway textures on traction performances and consequently exploit sensible design concepts for the floor surfaces to prevent fall incidents.
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Lowe, D. E., R. W. J. Steen, V. E. Beattie, and B. W. Moss. "The effect of housing system on the behaviour, welfare and performance of beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002088.

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There is increasing public concern about the welfare of farm animals and one of the issues recently raised has been the use of totally slatted floors for rearing and finishing beef cattle. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of using different types of floors in accommodation for beef cattle on the performance, physiology and behaviour of beef cattle.Sixty Continental-cross steers (mean initial live weight 450 (s.e.m. 2.5) kg) were blocked according to live weight and randomly assigned to one of three floor types, namely fully slatted floors, fully slatted floors covered with perforated rubber mats or solid floors bedded with straw. There were four pens of five animals in each treatment. Daily food intakes and live-weight and carcass weight gains were determined for a mean duration of 139 days. Each individual animal was observed directly, once per week.
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Hur, Jun-Ho, and Keesin Jeong. "A Study of the Direction of Evacuation Evaluation According to the Fire Alarm Method in Performance-Based Design." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 3 (2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.e7023a9e.

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In performance-based design applied to domestic buildings, when evaluating evacuation by fire alarm, safety evaluation by single-floor horizontal evacuation contradicts the priority alarm method of the immediately upper and four higher floors, which is the fire alarm standard of the current firefighting design, making it difficult to improve evacuation safety through safety in performance-based design. Therefore, by analyzing the domestic fire alarm design standards and evaluating the evacuation simulation case by case for a single floor, immediate upper floor, and four floors directly above, the evacuation evaluation is performed through priority alarm evacuation according to the size of the building. It was judged to be suited to actual conditions. Therefore, a performance-based design is proposed as a method of evaluating evacuation safety by including the floor classification and providing an evacuation personnel calculation reflecting the priority alarm method above according to the size of the building and an analysis of congestion and evacuation delay phenomena.
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Laksono, Taufik Dwi. "The Analysis of the Factors Which Affect the Building Costs in Indonesia." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (2017): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000072.

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Buildings are the kind of facility needed by everyone. The accuracy in determining the amount of costs required to build a building has become a challenge for all parties involved in the process. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the cost of a building. By using four independent variables, i.e. floor area, number of floors, foundation depth, and project implementation time, and one dependent variable in the form of a contract value of the building project, an analysis to determine the factors that influence the cost of a building has been made. Using 81 samples in several cities in Indonesia and multiple linear regression of stepwise method, the results show three factors that significantly affect the cost of building projects. They are floor area, number of floors, and project implementation time. This is indicated by tcount for floor area of 12.770, tcount for the number of floors of 46.05, and tcount for project implementation time of 2.321.
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Prescott, Cindy E., John P. Corbin, and Dennis Parkinson. "Input, accumulation, and residence times of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in four Rocky Mountain coniferous forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 4 (1989): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-075.

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Annual aboveground litterfall in forests of Pinuscontorta Loud., Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in southwestern Alberta ranged from 286 to 321 g•m−2•year−1. The mass of litter accumulated on the forest floors ranged from 6.3 to 11.0 kg•m−2. Residence times of organic matter in the forest floor were 11 years in a 90-year-old P. contorta stand, 16 years in a 120-year-old P. glauca–P. contorta stand, and 23 years in a 350-year-old P. engelmannii–A. lasiocarpa stand. Residence times of litter in the L layer of the forest floor were longer in a recently clearcut area than in the older forests. Residence times of individual nutrients in the forest floors were in the order N > P > C. Litter in the pine forest had lower concentrations of both N and P than did litter in the spruce–pine forest; litter in the spruce–fir forest had relatively high N and low P concentrations. Differences in nutrient concentrations of litter among sites reflected differences in the nutrient-use efficiency of the vegetation, suggesting that the species composition of vegetation is important in determining availability of nutrients in the floor of these forests.
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Jørgensen, B. "Influence of floor type and stocking density on leg weakness, osteochondrosis and claw disorders in slaughter pigs." Animal Science 77, no. 3 (2003): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054382.

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AbstractThe effects of floor type and stocking density on leg weakness, osteochondrosis and claw disorders in slaughter pigs were studied. Three hundred pigs were housed in pens with either solid floors with plenty of straw, solid floors without straw or fully slatted floors at either high (0·65 m2 per pig) or low (1·2 m2 per pig) stocking density from 25 to 105 kg. In each pen half of the pigs were boars and half gilts of the breeds Landrace and Yorkshire ✕ Landrace crossbred. There was no difference in growth rate between the three floor types. The growth rate of the boars was higher at low compared with high stocking density, while no effect of stocking density was seen in the gilts. The prevalence of leg weakness and claw disorders was different for the various floor types, while no effect of floor type could be found on joint changes. With regard to leg weakness, slatted flooring was significantly worse than solid floors with or without straw for standing under position on hind legs, while pens with plenty of straw were significantly better than the other floor types with regard to stiff movement and forelegs turned out. A calculated sum of the nine leg weakness symptoms showed that pens with straw were the best followed by solid floor without straw, while slatted floors were the worst. Regarding claw disorders, solid floors without straw were the worst. High stocking density affected four leg weakness variables (buck-kneed forelegs, turned-out fore- and hind legs, standing under position on hind legs), one joint change and three claw disorders negatively. Boars scored worse than gilts with regard to one leg weakness trait and one claw disorder and thickening of cartilage in two joints. Differences between breeds differed for the examined variables. Claw hardness was affected by floor type with regard to medial claws, which were softer on slatted floors. The hind claws were softer than the foreclaws on the volar surface, while there was no difference between the hardness of the topside of the fore- and hind claws. Claw hardness was not affected by sex. In conclusion, it can be said that the examined floor types do not have the same effect on the different aspects of leg weaknesses and claw disorders. Thus, clinical leg problems are worst on slatted floors and best in pens with straw, but claw disorders are worst on solid floors without straw. Further, high stocking density specifically affects the clinical leg weaknesses and claw disorders. Joint changes were not affected by floor type or stocking density.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "With four floors"

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Hermansson, Denise, and Olivia Nilsson. "Capacity and lifetime analysis of pre-stressed slatted floors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53205.

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This study investigates the mechanical differences between old and newly produced slatted floors through a four-point bending test. To understand to what extent the actual environment has affected the slatted floors, the carbonation depth and corrosion will be examined. The tests showed no mechanical differences between slatted floors which had been in service for a certain amount of years and newly produces ones. Corrosion could be observed on some of the samples but it was not because of the carbonation process. When comparing the calculations of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete slatted floors, the result showed that the pre-stressed floor could carry up to double the load of what the reinforced slatted floor could. The conclusion of this study is, that the pre-stressed slatted floors will certainly hold for at least thirty years and will most likely hold for many years to come.
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Dohnalová, Zdeňka. "Středisko volného času pro děti a mládež v Havířově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265353.

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Dissertation is project of four-floor free-time center with basement, situated in Havířov-Město. Building is used for art lessons, drama class, ceramic class and natural science class. In basement are situated four parking places, utility room, mechanical room, boiler room, furniture storage room, workshop with sanitary facilities for maintenance man and bicycle room. In ground floor is situated administrative facility of building- headmaster’s office, headmaster’s assistant’s office, guidance counsellor’s office, conference room and kitchen. Then there are sanitary facilities for employees and visitors, reception and waiting room for children and parents. In first floor are classrooms for art and ceramic lessons with storage room, sanitary facilities and office for teachers. Second floor consists of halls for drama classes with storage rooms, office for teachers, dressing rooms and sanitary facilities. In third floor are classrooms for natural science lessons, storage rooms, office for teachers and terrace. Floors are connected through two stairways, one with three stair flights and elevator, second with two stair flights. Building has flat roof. Project was completed using ArchiCAD software. The emphasis was put on correct disposition and architectural resolution and safe using of building.
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Studený, Tomáš. "Bytový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227494.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is to elaborate the design documentation of an apartment building.The building is situated in the town of Hustopeče, on the Generála Peřiny street. There are three floors and one underground floor in the house. The upper floors serve as residental units and the underground floor accommodates cellars and garages. The building is roofed by a warm flat roof.
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Reif, Tomáš. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240131.

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The thesis is a project of a multifunctional building in Olomouc. That is the detached house with a rectangular ground plan, one underground floor and four above-ground floors. In the basement there are public parking garages, an technical room and an engine room of the ventilation. On the first floor there is a cafe and a copy center and the separate entrance for owners of the residential units. There are nine separate residential units on the second to the fourth floor. The house is based on the monolithic footings. The vertical supporting structure are formed by the basement walls in a combination with the monolithic reinforced concrete columns. Horizontal supporting structure is designed from the ceiling panels SPIROLL. The building is covered with flat single-roof construction with a drainage inward disposition.
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Mikuška, Tomáš. "Hotel Apollo v Tatranské Lomnici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227538.

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The diploma thesis deals with project design documentation of a hotel situated in Tatranská Lomnica. The object is designed as a four-story detached building. Object´s ground plan is T-shaped. First floor contains a lobby, a restaurant, a kitchen and a hotel administration part. The other three floors are meant for accommodation. A construction system is based on iron-concrete body shell. Coping consists of a double sloping roof made out of wooden roof trusses.
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Nejedlý, Petr. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410058.

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The subject of this thesis is a new mixed-use building in Brno in the part of Pisárky. The building will have one basement and four aboveground floors. In the basement will be a collective garage and apartment accessories. In the ground floor are designed offices for rent. On the first to fourth floor are designed eight flats. The main entrance to the building and the entrance to the property is situated on the northeast side of Vinařská street. The mixed-use house is designed from a wall structural system. The basement basement, first floor and staircase space is designed of lime-sand blocks, with a ceiling construction of monolithic iron concrete slabs. The bearing structure of the second to fourth floors is designed as a timber structure building. The roof structure will be double-skinned, flat with a vegetation layer with extensive greenery.
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Groh, Ondřej. "Bytový dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227744.

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The master’s thesis deals with the project documentation of a flat building with sweet-shop in Brno - Štýřice. The object is designed as a detached building without basement with four floors. Floor plan of the building is L-shaped, fitted into the equal terrain. In the first floor is a sweet-shop, cellar, stroller storage, waste storage and two flat units. In the other floors are flat units. The structural system is bricks, two-way. The building is covered with a flat roof.
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Ben, Hamad Alexander. "Polyfunkční dům ve Střelicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239972.

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Diploma thesis is focused on design and elaboration of detailed design of polyfunctional building by Střelice, Brno-venkov the parcel number5804/4 and 5804/5. Proposition of the object respects both commune plan and current street buildings. It‘s not supposed to create stress with its shape and size, but complete actual buildings. It has four elevated floors, one basement and flat roof. Building has commercial space, mass garage and flats, it‘s determinate for study purpose.
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Pícha, Libor. "Novostavba bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371968.

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Diploma thesis „ Newly bulit apartment house“ deals with a proposal of block of flats in Veselí nad Lužnicí. The block of flats has got four storeys with no celler, and is in a rectangle shape. It is independently built house on a flat terrain. Bricked construction consists of ceramic constructuion blocks Heluz and reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is based on foundation belts and is roofed by a single-coat flat roof. There are 29 housing units designed in the building.
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Wawreczka, Stefan. "Hotel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265404.

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Diploma thesis deals with the design documentation hotel building in the village of Vendryně. The building is designed in accordance with the existing this area and the slope of the terrain. This is a two-tier four-storey building. Above the 1st floor is designed flat vegetation roof and above the 4th floor is gabled roof. The building contains part of the accommodation, dining area and facilities for staff. Work includes architectural and layout design, preparation of construction drawings, design of fire safety design of buildings, basic thermal technical assessment and calculation of a selected wooden truss and a draft air exchange for restaurants and kitchens. The entire work will be complemented by a text part.
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Books on the topic "With four floors"

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Dream floors: Hundreds of design ideas for every floor. Randall International, 2005.

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Stoehr, Kathleen. Dream floors: Hundreds of design ideas for every kind of floor. 2nd ed. Randall International, 2005.

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Nikitas, Matt. Grand finishes for walls and floors: Interior house painting, wallpapering, and wood floor refinishing. Globe Pequot Press, 1994.

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(Organization), Dance UK, ed. Dance floors: A handbook for the design of floors for dance. Dance UK, 1998.

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Foley, Mark. A handbook for dance floors. Dance UK, 1991.

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Morgan, Deborah. Four on the floor. Wheeler Pub., 2006.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Four on the floor. Berkley Prime Crime, 2004.

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Four on the floor. Robert Hale, 2005.

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United Nations. Dept. of Humanitarian Affairs., ed. Floods: People at risk, strategies for prevention. United Nations, 1997.

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Torre, Francesca. Materials: A sourcebook for walls and floors. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "With four floors"

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Reynolds, Robert G. "Multidimensional Scaling of Four Guilá Naquitz Living Floors." In Guilá Naquitz. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315427935-34.

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Whallon, Robert. "A Spatial Analysis of Four Occupation Floors at Guilá Naquitz." In Guilá Naquitz. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315427935-33.

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Rott, Hans. "Four Floors for the Theory of Theory Change: The Case of Imperfect Discrimination." In Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11558-0_26.

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Birks, C. J., M. L. Pickles, C. W. Bray, and K. Taylor. "Standards of Service for Flood Defence." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_2.

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Grijsen, J. G., X. C. Snoeker, C. J. M. Vermeulen, Mohamed Amin Moh El Nur, and Yasir Abbas Mohamed. "Title: An Information System for Flood Early Warning." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_19.

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van Kalken, Terry, and Karsten Havnø. "Multipurpose Mathematical Model for Flood Management Studies and Real Time Control." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_13.

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Townsend, N. R., and J. M. Bartlett. "Formulation of Basin Management Plans for the Northern New Territories, Hong Kong." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_3.

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Brennan, M. M., and J. P. O’Kane. "Incorporating expert decision support systems with traditional decision approaches of managers for improved flood control." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_7.

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Beaufort, Gé. "Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and Policy Analysis as Tools on for Combatting Flooding in the Netherlands." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_6.

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White, Lisa. "Stone Floors." In Interior Finishes & Fittings for Historic Building Conservation. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444344837.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "With four floors"

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Mun, Jung, and Moncef Krarti. "Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer From Ice Rink Floors." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99133.

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This paper describes an experimental set-up to evaluate the refrigeration loads for ice rink floors under controlled conditions. The ice-rink set-up was instrumented to measure the temperatures along various locations within the ice-rink floor including the water/ice layer. In addition, the energy used to freeze the water is monitored over the entire charging cycle to evaluate the performance of the ice rink floor for various insulation thermal resistance values (or R-values). Four floor insulation configurations are considered in the experimental analysis of R-0 (no insulation), R-4.2, R-6.7 and R-10 (in IP unit: hr.ft2.°F/Btu). The impact of the air temperature above the ice rink is also evaluated. The experimental results confirm that the addition of the thermal insulation beneath the ice-rink floor reduces the refrigeration load, decreased the time required to freeze the water above the ice rink, and helps maintain lower average ice temperature.
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Li, Kai Way, Jung-Chun Lu, and De Lin Tseng. "Friction measurements on inclined dry, wet, and glycerol-contaminated floors using four footwear samples." In EM2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2010.5646443.

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Abdoli, Abas, and George S. Dulikravich. "Optimized Multi-Floor Throughflow Micro Heat Exchangers." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63590.

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Multi-floor networks of straight-through liquid cooled microchannels have been investigated by performing conjugate heat transfer in a silicon substrate of size 15×15×1 mm. Two-floor and three-floor cooling configurations were analyzed with different numbers of microchannels on each floor, different diameters of the channels, and different clustering among the floors. Thickness of substrate was calculated based on number of floors, diameter of floors and vertical clustering. Direction of microchannels on each floor changes by 90 degrees from the previous floor. Direction of flow in each microchannel is opposite of the flow direction in its neighbor channels. Conjugate heat transfer analysis was performed by developing a software package which uses quasi-1D thermo-fluid analysis and a 3D steady heat conduction analysis. These two solvers are coupled through their common boundaries representing surfaces of the cooling microchannels. Using quasi-1D solver significantly decreases overall computing time and its results are in good agreement with 3D Navier-Stokes equations solver for these types of application. Multi-objective optimization with modeFRONTIER software was performed using response surface approximations and genetic algorithm. Maximizing total amount of heat removed, minimizing coolant pressure drop, minimizing maximum temperature on the hot surface, and minimizing non-uniformity of temperature on the hot surface were four simultaneous objectives of the optimization. Pareto-optimal solutions demonstrate that thermal loads of 800 W cm−2 can be effectively managed with such multi-floor microchannel cooling networks. Two-floor microchannel configuration was also simulated with 1,000 W cm−2 uniform thermal load and shown to be feasible.
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Herraiz, Borja, Henar Martin-Sanz, and Nadja Wolfisberg. "Restoration of a historic reinforced concrete structure with Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2500.

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<p>The historic building "Du Pont" in Zurich, Switzerland, was constructed between 1912 and 1913 by the Swiss architects Haller & Schindler and it is listed as a cultural heritage object, including not only the Art Deco façade, but also the ground-breaking structure of reinforced concrete. The building includes several structural particularities, such as the slender, reinforced concrete, one-way ribbed slabs, a reinforced concrete truss structure in the roof hanging four floors and three transfer beams on the ground floor diverting the loads from the seven upper floors. This paper presents a detailed description of the different strengthening measures required to allow a more flexible use of the existing floors with larger live and dead loads, and to fulfil the current provisions of the Swiss Standards (SIA). The main objective of the proposed restoration and strengthening measures is to minimize the interventions as much as possible and preserve the original structural system. Of particular interest is the innovative solution adopted for the existing ribbed slabs. The required increase of resistance is obtained through a thin 40 mm overlay of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) above the carefully prepared existing slab. Due to the significance of the building and the particular characteristics of the existing concrete, experimental tests were conducted. Four specimens of the ribbed slabs were extracted from the building, strengthened on site with UHPFRC and transported to the structural laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ), where the tests were conducted. The excellent results confirmed the suitability of the proposed strengthening solution through UHPFRC, setting a milestone for future restorations of these particular structures.</p>
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Baghdasarian, Arsine, Omar Ramos, Jesse Ruvalcaba, et al. "Design and Instrumentation of an Experimental Test-Bed for Research in Energy Efficiency in Buildings." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50098.

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This paper reports on the development of a conceptual design, construction and instrumentation of an experimental facility that can be used to carry out experimental research towards increasing energy efficiency in buildings. The overarching idea is to construct a system that emulates the scaled dimensions and materials of a typical building structure. The sub-scale testbed consists of a two-floor building configuration with dimensions of 1.2 m × 0.92 m × 1.1 m. The building structure is made out of wood, and covered with drywall and fiberglass insulation. Fixed walls are selected for the first floor whereas movable walls are incorporated into the second floor to study the effects of different room configurations. Four staircase openings enable airflow between the two floors. The second floor has a tiled-style ceiling and removable walls that allow for connectivity of sensors and actuators. A set of heating and cooling sub-systems, consisting of light bulbs and thermoelectric coolers connected to fans, are used for each room in the building. Both the set of light bulbs as well as the cooling system are powered through a relay box, and connected to a computer via LabVIEW which also interfaces the different sensing and actuating devices. The capabilities of the experimental facility are tested by implementing time-dependent heating- and cooling-processes and an on-off control strategy on a two-room prototype. Preliminary results demonstrate that the experimental testbed offers a reliable and versatile experimental system for research purposes.
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Tripepi, Concetta, Francesco Nucera, Lawrence A. Bergman, D. Michael McFarland, and Alexander F. Vakakis. "Application of Targeted Energy Transfer (TET) Techniques to the Seismic Protection of a Small Scale Multistorey Eccentric Steel Structure." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48923.

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The aim of this work is to show that is possible to apply the Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES) concept to protect seismically excited eccentric steel structures through Targeted Energy Transfer (TET). We consider, as the primary (linear) system, a small-scale four-storey unsymmetrical-plan building, modeled as a twelve-degree-of-freedom-system, with floors sufficiently rigid so that the frame can reasonably be considered as shear-type and with additional eccentric mass for each floor. To the primary (linear) system, we connect two NESs, which are non-smooth and precisely the vibro-impact devices (VI-NESs), both placed on the top floor. In order to analyze the dynamics of the controlled model (structure with VI-NESs), we study the performance and the robustness of the augmented structure excited by a set of Eurocode8 (EC8) spectrum compliant earthquakes. Our purpose is to check the effectiveness of the VI-NESs to different earthquake excitations, that is, testing that an optimal VI-NES setting computed for a specific earthquake will still produce satisfactory results for the other earthquakes. We show that the nonlinear attachments are capable of engaging in transient resonance with linear modes at arbitrary frequencies by generating a one-way irreversible (on the average) transfer of the energy of vibration from the primary structure to local attachment. There the energy is confined and locally dissipated without “spreading” back to the main structure because of the instantaneous internal resonance. As energy decreases due to damping the conditions for Transient Resonance Capture (TRC) fail and escape from resonance capture takes place.
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Niwa, Hiroshi, Urara Watanabe, Masahiko Warashina, and Tetsuharu Tanoue. "Vibration Isolation System to Reduce High Frequency Vibrations due to Airplane Crash." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-55075.

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Electrical panels in Nuclear power plants are usually designed to be rigid enough to reduce seismic response. However, design dynamic loadings for nuclear power plant are not only seismic loadings. The airplane crash (APC) load is also important dynamic load for nuclear power plant equipments. If the electrical panels are rigid enough for seismic loadings, the higher-mode vibrations of local floors due to the airplane crash will excite resonant vibration of electrical devices inside electrical panels, and so, the panels could lose its electrical functions. In this study, a vibration isolation system is applied to the electrical panels in order to reduce high frequency vibrations. The system consists of vertical and horizontal isolation rubbers which support four corners of lower end of electrical panels. Using this system, acceleration responses of panels during high frequency excitation due to airplane crash and so on, are reduced less than floor response. However, the rocking mode vibration is excited during an earthquake, because of its predominant frequency. Therefore, in the vibration isolation design, it is important to consider coupled vibration of horizontal and vertical mode and set the natural frequencies in the range that avoids spectrum peaks of acceleration, peaks arising from both the impact vibration and the seismic wave. In this paper, the design method and the vibration test are presented.
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8

Rando, Mario, Gaute Mo, Katie Overton, Fernando Ibáñez, and Manuel Sánchez-Solís. "Finansparken Bjergsted: an innovative timber-framed office building." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0729.

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<p>Finansparken Bjergsted is an office building currently under construction in Stavanger, Norway, for SR-Bank. The structural system above ground level uses timber as the principal load bearing elements (a natural, renewable and readily available local material). Floors are cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels supported by glued laminated timber (GL) beams and columns. For strength and complex geometrical requirements, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of beech is also used. The three basement levels and the four communications and services cores are of reinforced concrete. Mass timber structural elements are engineered for strength and are prefabricated with strict tolerances for a rapid construction process using mainly direct contact timber connections, without metal fasteners. The beams are shaped and fabricated with openings to suit both the architectural aesthetics and services requirements by means of a fully integrated BIM system.</p>
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Ruiz-Apilánez, Borja, Eloy Solís, Vicente Romero de Ávila, Carmen Alía, Irene García-Camacha, and Raúl Martín. "Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5164.

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Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain. Borja Ruiz-Apilánez¹, Eloy Solís¹, Vicente Romero de Ávila², Carmen Alía¹ ¹Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Escuela de Arquitectura. Avda. Carlos III, s/n ES-45071 Toledo ²Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos. Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n ES-19071 Ciudad Real E-mail: borja.ruizapilanez@uclm.es, eloy.solis@uclm.es, vicente.romeroavila@uclm.es, carmen.alia@alu.uclm.es Keywords (3-5): Urban Economics, Space Syntax, Heritage Cities, Spain Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of spacePrevious studies have shown: (a) that Space Syntax theories and tools can be helpful to explain pedestrian flows and the spatial distribution of economic activities in cities and other human settlements (Chiaradia et al., 2009; Perdikogianni, 2003; Vaughan et al., 2013), and (b) that the economy of many heritage cities highly depends on tourism (Ashworth and Tunbridge, 2000; Kemperman et al., 2009). Assuming that, in this particular type of human settlements, heritage buildings such as the cathedral, the town hall, and other similar constructions operate as tourist attractors, this research investigates to what extent the location of these buildings, together with the two main syntactic properties of the elements of the street network—integration and choice—can describe the spatial distribution of economic activities in touristic heritage cities, using the UNESCO Heritage site of Toledo, Spain, as case study. In order to investigate this question, each segment of the street network has been characterized with four main values: (1) economic activity, (2) spatial integration, (3) spatial choice, and (4) heritage intensity. The first value, economic activity, represents the presence or absence of economic activity in the buildings that are accessible through each corresponding street segment. The second value, spatial integration, accounts for the integration values that each segment has at two different scales—the neighborhood and the whole city. The third value, spatial choice, considers the choice values that each segment has, again, at these two scales. The fourth value, heritage intensity, reflects the proximity of listed building to each individual street segment. Street audits were used to record the economic activities taking place in the ground floors and upper floors of the buildings within the historic city. Space Syntax analysis was used to determine the different integration and choice values for each street segment; and GIS tools were used to establish their heritage intensity. Afterwards, statistical analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among these four variables, showing how the distribution of economic activity in the street network of the historic city of Toledo can be well explained by the other three variables—spatial integration, spatial choice and heritage intensity.References Ashworth, G.J., Tunbridge, J.E. (2000) The Tourist-historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. Routledge. Chiaradia, A., Hillier, B., Schwander, C., Wedderburn, M. (2009) ‘Spatial Centrality , Economic Vitality / Viability. Compositional and Spatial Effects in Greater London’, in Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. 1–19. Kemperman, A.D.A.M., Borgers, A.W.J., Timmermans, H.J.P. (2009) ‘Tourist shopping behavior in a historic downtown area’. Tourism Manaement. 30, 208–218. Perdikogianni, I. (2003) ‘Heraklion and Chania: A study of the evolution of their spatial and functional patterns’, in 4th International Space Syntax Symposium. London, p. 19.1-19.20. Vaughan, L., Dhanani, A., Griffiths, S. (2013) ‘Beyond the suburban high street cliché - A study of adaptation to change in London’s street network: 1880-2013’. Journal of Space Syntax 4.
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Moshfeghi, Mohammad, Iman Rahimipetroudi, and Nahmkeon Hur. "Analysis of Bloodstains Patterns at Sharp Impact Angles." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7862.

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Bloodstain pattern analysis is of tremendous value for the investigation of the evidence at the crime scene. Analyzing the bloodstain patterns provides an appropriate method for retracing the origin of blood droplets and also reconstruction of the crime scene. The patterns of the bloodstains on the floors and walls are determined by the impact conditions of blood drops such as droplet sizes, impact angles and velocities. The objective of this work is to study the bloodstain patterns on an inclined surface, in order to categorize the bloodstain shapes. The experiments have been carried out using a 38% glycerol solution at room temperature between 16° C∼21° C. The experiments have been done for three different droplet diameters, five different velocities and four different surface inclinations. The blood-mimicking fluid viscosity and density have been measured at the same temperature range with the experiments. The results have been investigated in terms of bloodstain shape and patterns and three different categories have been determined. In addition, a new mathematical formula has been derived based on the equivalent diameter of the bloodstains, which relates the bloodstain dimensions to the droplet Reynolds and Weber numbers. It has been shown that the proposed formula fits more accurately with the experimental results for high impact angle cases as compared to the classical formula.
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Reports on the topic "With four floors"

1

Schattman, Rachel. Farming the floodplain: New England river governance in a changing climate (Hand-outs). USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956534.ch.

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You are worried about flood impacts from the river that borders your property. While you have
 considered building a levee and placing stones along the bank to protect you land and house
 from erosion, you do not have the equipment or expertise to do so. Additionally, you have seen
 water velocity in the river increase because the farmer upstream has channeled the river. You
 blame the farmer for putting your land and house at greater flood risk. You think that upstream
 land should be allowed to flood to slow water velocity and absorb floodwaters; this would
 protect you and your neighbors from future floods.
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2

Ferraris, Chiara F. Testing of selected self-leveling compounds for floors. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5633.

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HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER DAVIS CA. HEC-5 Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems. Simplified Version of Exhibit 8. Input Description for Flood Control Operation of Single Event Floods. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217037.

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Koskelainen, P., J. Ott, H. Schulzrinne, and X. Wu. Requirements for Floor Control Protocols. RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4376.

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5

Newman, Michael G., Irina Dragan, and Satheesh Elangovan. Anatomy for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation. Touch Surgery Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2016.s0168.

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Newman, Michael G., Irina Dragan, and Satheesh Elangovan. Anatomy for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2019.s0168.

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Robertson, E. P., G. A. Bala, and C. P. Thomas. Laboratory methods for enhanced oil recovery core floods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/142571.

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8

D'Asaro, Eric A. Lagrangian Floats For CBLAST. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612668.

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9

D'Asaro, Eric A. Lagrangian Floats for CBLAST. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537962.

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10

D' Asaro, Eric A. Lagrangian Floats for CBLAST. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629105.

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