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Journal articles on the topic 'Witness for Peace (Organization)'
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1
Pearlman, Wendy. "Spoiling Inside and Out: Internal Political Contestation and the Middle East Peace Process." International Security 33, no. 3 (January 2009): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.33.3.79.
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Actors turn to negotiating or spoiling as a means of contesting not only what a proposed peace settlement entails but also who has the power to decide the terms. Conflicts are more likely to witness negotiating and spoiling for purposes of internal contestation to the degree that one or both of the warring parties lack an institutionalized system of legitimate representation. Whether internal contestation leads a group to act as a peace maker or as a peace breaker is conditioned by its position in the internal balance of power. Two eras in the Palestinian national movement—the Palestine Liberation Organization's bid to join the Geneva peace conference in 1973–74 and its engagement in the Oslo peace process from 1993 to 2000—illustrate these propositions. Leaders of national movements and rebel groups, no less than leaders of states, are systematically influenced by domestic politics. As such, sponsors of peace processes should expect spoiler problems unless a movement heals rifts within its ranks.
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Giuliani, Céline. "Advancing Peace through Human Rights in UN Peace Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 24, no. 1-2 (May 24, 2021): 252–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-20210006.
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Abstract The integration of human rights in United Nations peace operations has witnessed remarkable progress during the past fifteen years. This article analyzes the evolution of human rights integration in the peace and security architecture in relation to peace operations, focusing on the achievements and shortcomings of Headquarters-led policies and reforms of the last decade, as well as the impact of recent Security Council dynamics. The article reviews the significant realizations on both the substantive and structural fronts and argues that ownership of the human rights agenda and policies, as well as accountability and leadership for their implementation, warrants a greater commitment of the organization. Such commitment should translate into institutionalizing Headquarters’ cooperation mechanisms, creating further space for human rights in decision-making, allocating adequate resources, and strengthening accountability for risk-mitigation policies, inter alia. A stronger political will is equally required to better articulate human rights issues in relation to conflict analysis, prevention and peacebuilding, in support of political objectives of peace operations.
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Aznagulova, G. M. "Constitutionalization of International Law in Light of Modern International Relations." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18361.
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Within present-day globalization processes, we witness internationalization of the state law order while constitutionalization of the international relations and international law gains more importance. The paper discusses the process of international law constitutionalization as an embodiment of general human values in the state law in accordance with the views of Academician T.Ya. Khabrieva. The author demonstrates that the international law constitutionalization must have the sources of state law as its basis and must take into account the world political and legal experience as well as the doctrinal items of the national legal studies. Kant’s «eternal peace» idealistic as it might seem, however devoid of illusions, may and must serve the basis for «the dialogue among civilizations» and the leading principle of the global world existence, stabilization of the foundations of world order declared by the League of Nations and the United Nations Organization. Immanuel Kant’s ideas that are stated in his writings stipulate the idea of peace. These ideas were in fact the basis of the most relevant international political and legal documents including those in human rights. The ideas are topical nowadays and are of interest in present-day theory and practice of international law and international relations. The author emphasizes the practical value of Kant’s categorical imperative for the law.
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Ateş Burç, Safiye. "The reconstruction of symbolic space at Colombian-FARC peace process." Revista Latinoamericana Estudios de la Paz y el Conflicto 2, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rlpc.v2i3.10338.
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Although long-armed conflicts between the Colombian government and the FARC organization have witnessed the occasional peace talks, it could evolve in peace after 2012. The peace process, which was announced to the public in 2016 with an official agreement, was a process consisting of many strategic steps, thus making it mandatory to regulate many areas. One of these areas is the symbolic area. In this study, which discusses the argument that the symbolic space must be regulated and renewed in peace processes, it is discussed how the peace of Colombia is read through symbolism and how the conflictual sides transform and reframe the symbolic space. As a result, it has been observed that the efforts of the parties (in this peace process) in transforming the symbolic area have a very important place for the lasting peace, so the symbols are not only superficial units put into the secondary plan, but on the contrary, they have been used actively and effectively from the beginning of the process.
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Horand, Mohamad Badrnajad, and Babak Pourghahramani. "Genocide in Light of the Principles and Rules of International Law." Asian Social Science 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n1p247.
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<p>In Article 2 (4) of the UN Charter has agreed that members of the United Nations must not intervene in internal affairs of another country, and sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries must be respected. Now in Syria, ISIL terrorist group is committed crimes against Shiites with the involvement of Western and Arabic countries, most of which are permanent members of the Security Council. Crimes that deprive peace, security and the right to life, causing disruption to international and regional peace and security must be prosecuted not to witness the occurrence of such crimes. Killings committed by terrorist groups against Shiites in Syria are genocide under Article 6 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and lack of attention to crimes committed by terrorist groups in international institutions such as the International Criminal Court continues to bring chaos for the international community and are the unpleasant results resulting from weakness of courts and international organizations including the UN Security Council.</p>
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Özler, Ş. İlgü. "The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Passing the COVID Test?" Ethics & International Affairs 34, no. 4 (2020): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679420000568.
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AbstractThe complex issues of the twenty-first century cannot be addressed by disparate actors in the global arena. This has become even more apparent in 2020, as we celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the UN and have witnessed the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has put the UN system to the test, demonstrating weaknesses in regard to peace and security, sustainable socioeconomic development, and human rights, the three core mission areas of the organization. The underlying tensions between the ideals of liberalism associated with the UN's human rights and socioeconomic-development agendas and the institution of sovereignty, under nationalist strongman leaders throughout the world, stood in the way of an effective response. This is especially true as powerful states are able to thwart collective action in favor of their own perceived national interests. While the UN and its affiliated agencies, such as the World Health Organization, are still able to foster cooperation, their success is limited by the organization's inability to establish some form of authority and command.
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Opašinova Šundovska, Marijana. "Security Implications of Fake News and Disinformation in Nato Member and Partner Countries." Međunarodne studije 22, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46672/ms.22.2.1.
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Misuse of digital platforms for the dissemination of fake news and disinformation online is becoming an increasingly serious problem both for individual states and multilateral organizations. Alternative facts presented under the veil of awakening critical thinking, or false and purported information placed in the social media environment by state and non-state actors for their own purposes, have been disturbing the credibility of traditional fact-checking media outlets to present actual information to the public. Grasping the notion of parrhesia as part of the democratic free expression in a liberal society via social networks is now seriously questioning the common objective standards of truth. Deliberate interference with fake news and disinformation in contemporary democracies, especially during election campaigns, the use of anti-NATO narrative, particularly in countries with former communist regimes, and recent promotion of a false sense of security or insecurity about the Covid-19 pandemic, became an issue of major concern for the entire Alliance and its field work. Although in essence being a military organization with the aim to secure peace and stability in its wider area and promote its values globally, what the NATO has witnessed in the last decade is that peace and security in the traditional sense cannot be taken for granted. The emergence of modern non-military tactics by adversaries to destabilize member and partner countries require specific methods and approaches for deterrence and defense. This paper will analyze how these alternative facts affect both state and overall Alliance stability, possible implications on the diminishing public trust in state institutions, and actions needed to mitigate their effects.
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Ahsan, Abdullahil. "Civilisational Conflict, Renewal, or Transformation: Potential Role of the OIC." ICR Journal 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v4i4.439.
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The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) came into existence at the end of the 20th century during the Cold War, a period that also witnessed concerns among many Western intellectuals about the decline of the West. By the end of the century and the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the “clash of civilizations” thesis had placed Islamic civilisation at the center of international politics, once again raising questions about world peace and co-existence between civilisations. Could Islamic civilisation as represented by the OIC play a role at this juncture of history? Does it possess the capacity and know-how to meet this challenge? Such questions relate also to ideas of worldview: the Renaissance worldview of the West may be seen to have been tainted by Darwinism and Freudianism while the Islamic worldview appears corrupted by extremism. Can the OIC revive the universal Islamic values such as those upheld by Muhammad Iqbal-the 20th century student of Rumi? Can it do so in the context of tumultuous intra-Muslim relations? These questions frame our discussion in this paper.
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Novák, Jaromír. "A socially responsible society in the era of globalization." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207406021.
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Globalization is a broad-spectrum concept in its content and scope. It is not a fashionable word only. There are many causes of globalization. Human desire for cognition and transformation of living conditions can be considered as the main causes. Globalization has its economic causes; it enables higher forms of linking the material and non-material values together. The influence of science and technology is also the cause of the evolution of globalization. Globalization also has communication, human and technical dimensions. Last but not least, globalization requires and enables social and ethical approaches as a decisive condition of social existence and human life. History shows that adequate attention is not paid to people. The two world wars in the last century and the wars waged in this century bear witness to that, often thanks to the so-called advanced societies. The important international organizations such as the UNO, the EU and NATO have been established to foster cooperation and peace relations between states and continents to build a responsible global society In recent years, there has been an effort to create socially responsible companies. The whole society as for the world, continents, countries, regions, municipalities, companies and families must be socially responsible. Management belongs to human consciousness and being. Skilful management is science and art; it is a basic condition for the survival of civilization. Science and technology, and its implications, have advantages and also considerable risks. They have a share in the safety or danger of a society. Our society is increasingly determined by environmental factors such as health, air, water, soil, food, raw materials, energy and transport.
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Kurtović, Larisa, and Azra Hromadžić. "Cannibal states, empty bellies: Protest, history and political imagination in post-Dayton Bosnia." Critique of Anthropology 37, no. 3 (July 28, 2017): 262–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x17719988.
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In February 2014, Bosnia-Herzegovina witnessed its largest and most dramatic wave of civic protests since the end of the 1992–1995 war and the signing of Dayton Peace Accords. Confrontations with the police and the destruction of dozens of government buildings subsequently gave way to the formation of plenums – town hall assemblies – where protesters collectively articulated their grievances against the country's corrupt and deeply unpopular political authorities. The plenums emphasized Bosnia's pressing problems of widespread unemployment, rising poverty and corruption, and in so doing sidelined the ossified nationalist rhetoric and identity politics. This article analyzes the main representations of protests, and the sociopolitical and economic pressures that helped usher in this massive public uprising. We demonstrate how protesters sought to break out of the impasses of post-Dayton ethnic politics by actively recuperating and representing alternative visions of participatory politics and popular sovereignty associated with socialist-era imaginaries and embodied in the plenum. We argue that these efforts signal the emergence of a new kind of prefigurative politics that provide alternative practices of political organization, decision-making, and sociability in Bosnia and beyond.
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ARDELEAN, Florin Nicolae. "POLITICAL BOUNDARIES AND TERRITORIAL IDENTITY IN EARLY MODERN CENTRAL EUROPE: THE WESTERN FRONTIER OF TRANSYLVANIA DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY." Territorial Identity and Development 6, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23740/tid120212.
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The last decades have witnessed an increased interest in the research of territorial delimitations in late medieval and early modern Europe. A significant part of the academic debate has been focused on identifying and defining the process of transition from medieval frontiers, perceived as vague areas of contact, to modern linear borders. The aim of this article is to analyse the organization of the western confines of the Transylvanian Principality during the decades in which this state was formed, from the Ottoman conquest of Buda (1541) until the ratification of the Speyer Peace Treaty (1571). Throughout this period, the territorial delimitation of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Hungary was an ongoing process, marked by both military confrontations and diplomatic negotiations. Through a critical reassessment of the most relevant Romanian and Hungarian literature on this complex subject and the analysis of new data from official and narrative contemporary sources, I have tried to identify which were the most important political and military events that shaped the western borderlands of Transylvania. A fundamental objective of my research is to provide an accurate definition for the western region of the Transylvanian Principality, contributing thus to the general debate on the nature of frontiers/borders in sixteenth century Europe.
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Chief, Editor In. "“May everybody witness the Global Peace.”." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 3, no. 1 (September 23, 2013): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8711.
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Moon, P. A. "'Peace on Earth--Peace in Vietnam': The Catholic Peace Fellowship and Antiwar Witness, 1964-1976." Journal of Social History 36, no. 4 (June 1, 2003): 1033–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2003.0108.
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Heisey, M. J. "Peace Persistence: Tracing the Brethren in Christ Peace Witness Through Three Generations." Nova Religio 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2007.10.3.140.
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Backues, Lindy. "Interfaith Development Efforts as Means to Peace and Witness." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 26, no. 2 (April 2009): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378809103383.
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Hendri, Yuldi. "Persaksian Perempuan Dalam Surat Al-Bqarah Ayat 282." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 8, no. 1 (January 22, 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2009.81.31-51.
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Along with the development of human awareness on gender injustice, the provision of woman witness in lsiamic law needs rethinking. Under the mainstream Islamic law a woman cannot give her witness except in any case moreover her witness is percentaged a half of man witness. Of course, in the outset such provision seems to be gender bias, because the Islamic law treats woman as incapable person. The most moslem scholars comprehended the argumentation texts textually without observing the socio-cultural context of Islamic message and Arabian culture. Nevertheless, the meaning of witness have to be understood as tool of witness proof. Significance of witness is not sex, but the justice and personality integrity witness, and connection of the witness with the fact that she/he sees with the result that the witness is really competent with that problem. If the witness is understood as proof of reality, inequality gender will be overcome. Finally, If we comprehend the religion contextually and progressively So there is no inequality gender will happen. Because Islam is progressive and peace religion and giving equality to everybody,
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Rees, Anthony. "On Patting Snakes and Sitting under Trees: Just Peace Theory and Prophetic Witness." International Journal of Public Theology 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341608.
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Abstract As a reaction against the failures of Just War theory in creating a more harmonious world, recent times have seen the emergence of Just Peace as a corrective to the tendency to use Just War as justification for, rather than a warning against, aggravated conflict. This article considers the contribution of Daniel Philpott to this literature, and argues that theoretical concepts alone will be insufficient for the institution of a Just Peace. In looking for complementary images, the article considers two images from the prophetic corpus to image a Just Peace. Strikingly, both prophetic passages draw on ecological imagery to imagine a world at peace.
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Ziegler, Philip G. "“Peace through the Cross”." Journal of Reformed Theology 14, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697312-01403011.
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Abstract Central to Markus Barth’s work as a New Testament exegete was the pursuit of an ever more responsible interpretation of the letters of the apostle Paul that combined rigorous historical and theological concerns into a form of “biblical theology.” The culmination of this endeavour is unarguably his two-volume commentary on Ephesians. This essay explores the central claims advanced in that commentary with an especial focus on Barth’s claim that Ephesians 2:11–22 represents a high point in Paul’s witness concerning Jews and Gentiles. It goes on to demonstrate how Barth understood justification as the ‘sociohistorical’ outworking of God’s reconciling act in Jesus Christ. It concludes by examining some of the consequences of Barth’s contentions for orienting Christians toward the important task of Jewish-Christian relations in the present.
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Plaatjies Van Huffel, Mary-Anne. "FROM JUSTIFYING WAR TO JUSTIFYING PEACE: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE DISCOURSE IN ECUMENICAL CIRCLES (1905-2014)." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 1 (August 16, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/94.
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Justice and peace have been central concerns for the World Council of Churches (WCC) since its foundation in 1948. A notable transition from a just-war position to a just-peace position has taken place during the course of time. This paper will attend to statements regarding just war and just peace, justice, peace, armaments and disarmaments issued during the past decades, as well as the Historic Peace Churches’ influence on the discourse. At the end of the paper I will attend to the changeover of the global culture of violence in the direction of a culture of just peace and the movement of peace to the centre of life and witness of the church. Earlier theWCC embraced the theory of just war − currently just peace is being underscored.The Historic Peace Churches played a pivotal role in this transformation.
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Campbell, Kirsten, Elma Demir, and Maria O’Reilly. "Understanding conflict-related sexual violence and the ‘everyday’ experience of conflict through witness testimonies." Cooperation and Conflict 54, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 254–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836719838586.
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The testimonies of witnesses who testify before criminal courts provide crucial insights into the situated experience of conflict-related sexual violence. Witness testimonies highlight the complex realities and everyday lives of individuals caught up in situations of armed conflict. The evidence presented by witnesses can provide vital insights into lived experiences of wartime violence, and reveal the seemingly mundane strategies and tactics adopted by victims to cope with, survive and resist the violent and coercive circumstances of war. This article foregrounds conflict-related sexual violence witness testimonies as highly significant sources of knowledge of everyday experiences of conflict. It sets out a bottom-up, mixed-method approach for identifying and analysing the experiential accounts of those who lived through conflict-related sexual violence, while engaging with the opportunities and challenges of using witness testimony. Our approach unsettles existing notions of ‘the everyday’ in Peace & Conflict Studies as a synonym for narratives and practices of violence, justice and peacebuilding that are private, informal and largely hidden from view. Understanding witness testimonies requires conceptualising the everyday as an amalgam of formal and informal practices, as accessible through both elite and lay knowledges and as documented in both public and private (e.g. redacted) sources. It requires challenging taken-for-granted dichotomies that are frequently invoked to understand conflict and peace.
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Burrows, Rosie, and Brid Keenan. "Bearing witness: supporting parents and children in the transition to peace." Child Care in Practice 10, no. 2 (April 2004): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270410001693349.
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Smith, Andrew. "A LBV perspective on political risk management in a multinational bank during the First World War." Multinational Business Review 24, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-09-2015-0045.
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Purpose This paper aims to apply the Legitimacy-Based View (LBV) of political risk to the experience of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) in the First World War. The paper shows that HSBC’s ability to survive this conflict was due, in part, to its ability to manage political risk by maintaining legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders in its home market(s), Hong Kong and the UK. Design/methodology/approach This case study is based on the surviving internal correspondence from this period in the HSBC Group archives in London and other primary sources. Findings This paper suggests that maintaining legitimacy in the home market is crucial to firm survival and profitability. Managers’ efforts to bolster firm legitimacy should ensure that individuals in all of the relevant government departments continue to regard the multinational enterprise (MNE) as legitimate. Research limitations/implications This paper shows that the LBV is a potentially powerful analytical tool, but it also argues that the LBV must be modified so as to incorporate insights from the theoretical literature on ethnic and national identities, particularly the insight that such identities are culturally constructed and malleable. Practical implications Warfare tends to increase the degree to which a MNE’s stakeholders feel emotional bonds to their respective nations. HSBC’s experience in the First World War suggests that continued profitability in wartime may depend on the firm’s ability to shed its peacetime “world citizen” identity in favour of one that is more closely aligned with that of its home nation. Preserving political capital in wartime may require the ruthless termination of relationships with clients and employees who are associated with the enemy nation. Another lesson that MNE managers can derive from this paper is that preserving legitimacy in the home country may require the head office to exert more control over overseas managers, than would be the case in peace. A MNE in wartime that is concerned about the loss of legitimacy in the home country should consider adopting an organizational architecture that temporarily reduces subsidiary autonomy. Originality/value Buckley (2009) called for the re-integration of business history in International Business research. This paper is part of the ongoing historic turn in International Business and other management disciplines. This paper also argues that International Business scholars need to consider the impact of past wars on contemporary multinationals as we may witness the re-emergence of Great Power rivalries similar to those that led to the First World War. This paper proceeds on the assumption the probabilities of a war between two major capitalist economies are non-trivial and that additional investigation of the impact of major interstate warfare on MNEs is therefore merited. Historical research can help us to think about what a war between capitalist countries would mean for today’s MNEs.
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Barnett, Michael. "Partners in peace? The UN, regional organizations, and peace-keeping." Review of International Studies 21, no. 4 (October 1995): 411–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011798x.
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Living in the shadow of the United Nations and paralysed by the superpowers for much of the post-World War II period, few regional organizations have lived a celebrated life. Few issues proved as divisive and contentious at the drafting of the United Nations Charter as the UN's future relationship to regional organizations. If some at San Francisco believed that the future global organization might be assisted by several regional pillars, the ‘Wilsonian tendency to identify regionalism with war-breeding competitive alliances survived’, and most who were present at the creation were determined to ensure that the future global organization had seniority and superiority over any present or future regional organization. Although Chapter VIII of the UN Charter did stake out a potential role for regional organizations, including the possibility that they might prevent conflicts from being referred to the Security Council, the language adopted reflected the contentious and unresolved nature of the proceedings: ‘The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlements of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.’ The subsequent forty-five years suggests that the UN found only limited use for regional organizations.
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Johnson, Russell. "Building Peace in a Culture War: Christian Witness in a Polarized Society." Political Theology 22, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 228–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462317x.2021.1905333.
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Barber, Katrine. "Down in My Heart: Peace Witness in War Time by William Stafford." Oregon Historical Quarterly 108, no. 1 (2007): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2007.0091.
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Zwigenberg, Ran. "The Hiroshima-Auschwitz Peace March and the Globalization of the ‘Moral Witness’." Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust 27, no. 3 (September 2, 2013): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23256249.2013.852767.
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Hoole, Charles. "Ethnic fratricide and the Church's Witness to Intercommunal Peace in Sri Lanka." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1998): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026537889801500107.
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Dijkstra, Roald, and Erik Hermans. "BELLUM OMNE FLAGRET!" Daphnis 39, no. 3-4 (March 30, 2010): 665–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-90000814.
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Jacob Balde was in close contact with important persons such as the palatinate Maximilian I and the French diplomat D’Avaux. The latter was an influential participant of the Westphalian peace negotiations. Balde showed his political commitment by the dedication of the ninth book of his Silvae to D’Avaux. This article tries to put the publication of Silvae 9 in its historical context. Furthermore, it provides the first integral and literal translation as well as a commentary on Silvae 9.26 — the last political poem of that collection. This poem bears witness to Balde’s desire for peace, for it summons the negotiators, after a fictitiously concluded peace, not to set off fireworks, but to burn all the armaments of the war.
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Hollenweger, Walter J. "Common Witness Between Catholics and Pentecostals1." Pneuma 18, no. 1 (1996): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007496x00155.
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AbstractFor many years, Christians in the Pentecostal and Catholic traditions have been involved in a kind of border war, complete with territory disputes and border skirmishes. As we approach the Third Millennium, the time is now right for a declaration of truce, for constructive engagement, and-as the title of this essay suggests-the discovery of a "common witness." But upon what basis can a peace be established? On the basis of a shared sense of ecclesiastical authority, on a shared personal and corporate history, or on shared perspectives about theology and piety? It is the position of this essay that the one viable course of action is the last of these three options. The border fights have been over the first two, and because of them we have come to think of the border between Catholics and Pentecostals as a kind of no man's land. But on the basis of the third another course of action opens up; by the grace of God what has been a no man's land may become common ground. We actually have much more in common than we have allowed ourselves to think.
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Khan, Muqtedar, and Tahir Shad. "From Jihad to Salam in Pursuit of Political Change." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.2:2.12.2017.15.
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The political reality of many countries in the Muslim World is untenable and reforms and change is absolutely necessary. This article argues that use of force and violence for political change is making things worse as one can witness in Syria and Iraq. The article advances a Qur’ānic perspective on the desirability of peace as a goal and peaceful means as instruments of change. The article acknowledges that the Qur’ānic sanction for use of force to defend religious freedom prcludes the advocacy of pacifism but nevertheless the article does make a strong case for privileging peace over use of force.
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Nyadera, Israel Nyaburi, and Md Nazmul Islam. "Transnational Operations, International Reactions, and Legitimacy: The Case of Turkey and Saudi Arabia." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798920921965.
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Maintaining global peace and security remains an essential concern for many actors in the international system. To achieve this goal, both states and international organizations commend that action needs to be taken against perceived threats to national and international security. However, how to respond to these threats continues to divide the world. The declining role of the UN in peace enforcement, emergence of non-state actors, new forms of threats, and increasing unilateral actions by states have raised questions over the legitimacy of who, when, and how these actions can be taken. This article seeks to examine how international actors respond to transnational counterterrorism events. It adopts a comparative case study to discuss how regional and international actors reacted to Saudi Arabia’s Operation Decisive Storm in Yemen (2015) and Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring in Northern Syria (2019). It draws important similarities in the justification of both countries’ actions and the varying responses and attitudes these countries have received for their actions. The study identifies the lack of international consensus on transnational counterterrorism as a catalyst in the crisis being witnessed in crisis resolution. Factors such as timing, universality of the threat, prevailing circumstances, actors involved, and mode of operation shape international response on transnational actions.
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Trocchia-Baļķīts, Lisa. "Be Hair Now." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2017.6.2.69.
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Challenging ways of knowing, especially about love and hate, I share my experience of the 9/11 attacks from Crete, Greece, where on that same day in 2001, I became engaged to my partner, now husband. Out of protest and grief, toward a solidarity of difference, I perform how dreadlocks became my “peace witness” and an opportunity to experience intersections of privilege, knowing, and knowledge.
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Qasim, Dr Tanveer, and Dr Jamil Akhtar. "Social Need and Importance of the Qur'anic Concept of Peace in Present Era." ĪQĀN 3, no. 02 (June 28, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i02.201.
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According to Quranic teachings, there is no alternative to peace which is the real goal of Islam. Peace in social life is a state where all the routines of life are going on without any violence. The concept of peace is defined as a healthy, positive, and mutually civilized human relationship. Because of the growing terrorism in the world, it is the need of time to spread the message of peace all over the world, for which the teachings of the Qur’an can play a very important role in this regard. For this, the true teachings of the Qur’an and its correct interpretation must be communicated to all people so that no person/institution can mislead the people. Islamic teachings bear witness to the fact that Islam and Quranic teachings do not encourage terrorism and such incidents. The world has seen a wonderful demonstration of peace under the leadership of the Holy Prophet. This research article highlights that the concept of peace provided by the Qur’an is comprehensive, lasting and uniform, and useful for all humanity, and the same formula can be followed to bring about reform. This paper concludes that peace is possible just with the teachings of the Qur’an.
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Juskus, Ryan. "Revealers, Skeptics, and Witnesses: Advancing a Witness Methodology in Ethnographic Theology and Ethics." Ecclesial Practices 8, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-bja10011.
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Abstract Drawing on original ethnographic fieldwork with a Christian environmental initiative in Appalachia and Alabama, this article argues that moral theologians should conceive of ethnography as witnessing witnesses to aid and multiply witnesses. An ethnographic ‘witness methodology’ is contrasted with two other approaches that the author calls revealer and skeptic methodologies. This witness methodology is developed primarily by analyzing a creation care organization’s practice of citizen science in places devastated by coal mining and coal burning. The author develops the concept of witness by reflecting on his role in helping the organization develop a slogan to describe their work and how this slogan encapsulates their citizen science practice. Though developed primarily in conversation with the author’s fieldwork, the proposed witness methodology is also supported through dialogue with Scripture, Christian ethics, and cultural anthropology.
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Haron, Munain. "Non-Government Organization Practices on Peace Building Process." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 38, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v38i1.735.
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Generally, this study aimed to determine the influence and contribution of the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers and practices on the peace-building process. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers, the level of practices of NGO activities, the level of conduct of different initiatives on the peacebuilding process, and the effect of the socio-demographic profile and NGO practices on the peacebuilding process. 47 NGO officers who served as respondents of the study. Percentage and frequency were used to describe the socio-demographic profile of the officers. Mean was used to determine the level of practices of NGO and peace-building processes; multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. It was found out that most of the NGO officers were under the age bracket of 26 – 30 years old male, Maguindanaon, married, primary and high school graduate in Arabic and English Education, had 11,000 – 20,000 monthly income and gave 600 – 1,500 weekly to support the operation of the organization. Findings further revealed that the NGO officers fully practiced relational dimension, peace-building agents, and communication and consultation.
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Archibugi, Daniele. "Models of international organization in perpetual peace projects." Review of International Studies 18, no. 4 (October 1992): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011890x.
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Perpetual peace projects constitute a largely undervalued intellectual tradition that has attracted many polemical arrows. One of the most frequent criticisms levelled at the projects is that their authors too often abandon themselves to utopianism. Yet this tradition has proved to be much more influential than is generally recognized: contemporary international organizations, from the League of Nations to the United Nations, from the European Parliament to the International Court of Justice, were sketched out, if only in embryonic form, in these perpetual peace projects. Yet it is rare to find their authors numbered among the founders of internationalist theory.
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Phạm, Đông Hòa. "Morality: The matters of artificial insemination." Khoa Học Công Giáo và Đời Sống 2, no. 4 (July 29, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54855/csl.22242.
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Infertility is one of the big problems in today's world. This is also one of the causes of division and broken families. As Christians, we are called to live and bear witness to the Gospel in today's life. At the same time, know how to accompany families in this situation so that they can find the best means (approved by the Church) that can bring joy and peace to those families.
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Ahern, Patrick. "Empowered Peace." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 28, no. 2 (2018): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice201828215.
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Spinoza’s defense of a dynamic democracy arises from his account of finite beings, and shifts from finite beings to ever more complex bodies, such as the human individual and the artificial individual of the state. In this account, he challenges political authority to be responsive to the insight that our power arises out of rather than in spite of our multiplicity. Spinoza’s conception of social power provides a critical understanding of democratic organization that requires the incorporation of marginalized voices. In this essay, I argue that Spinoza’s defense of democracy sets the framework for political theorizing that rejects hierarchical structures of domination and demands substantial inclusivity in the service of empowered and peaceful social relations. In conceiving autonomy relationally and individual power collectively, Spinoza poses a critical challenge to the contemporary models of democracy and social orders that resist rather than harness the strength of social multiplicity in the preservation of empowered peace.
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Forster, Elisabeth. "Bellicose Peace: China’s Peace Signature Campaign and Discourses about “Peace” in the Early 1950s." Modern China 46, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 250–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700419851460.
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In the early 1950s, China engaged in several military actions, most notably in the Korean War. Nevertheless, the World Peace Council, an international organization sponsored by the Soviet Union, praised the country as a “fortress for the protection of world peace” in 1954. This hinged upon a very specific, bellicose understanding of “peacefulness,” which did not mean the rejection of war, but war against the “right” enemy. I discuss this understanding, its function within the international community, its embeddedness in international political thinking, and its promulgation among the Chinese population, using the example of a campaign in 1950 to collect signatures on a World Peace Council–authored appeal against the atomic bomb. Self-promotion as a peaceful nation in the bellicose sense served a variety of purposes for the young People’s Republic of China (PRC), most importantly the goal to instill bloc thinking in the PRC’s population and to gain prestige within the new international order of the Cold War.
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Grit, Kor. "“Religion Teaches Peace and Harmony”." Exchange 48, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 334–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341539.
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Abstract As an organization working in a context that seems increasingly Islamized and marked by religious conflict, the Christian Study Centre (CSC) in Rawalpindi has tasked itself with facilitating “interfaith harmony” and “co-existence” between Christians and Muslims. The organization has a large and diverse network of Christian, Muslim and non-affiliated partner organizations, groups and actors, who participate in CSC’s interreligious dialogue activities. These participants differ from CSC in their perceptions about the role of religion in society at large and in facilitating interreligious coexistence in particular. As a result, the participants bring a variety of, sometimes opposing, expectations and attitudes to the interreligious dialogue encounter. In order to facilitate harmony and peace in its dialogue activities CSC carefully navigates the communication about religious identity between Christians and Muslims. This article will explore the strategies employed by CSC to navigate communication about religious identity in interreligious dialogue.
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Howlett, Patricia, and Charles F. Howlett. "A Silent Witness for Peace: The Case of Schoolteacher Mary Stone McDowell and America at War." History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 3 (August 2008): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00156.x.
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A 1964 television series, “Profiles in Courage,” based on the late President John F. Kennedy's Pulitzer prize-winning book, featured the life of Mary Stone McDowell, a quiet, yet strong, teacher. Within peace circles, McDowell was a well-known figure. It was not unusual to see her marching in peace demonstrations or handing out antiwar literature at street meetings in the rain, snow, sleet and hot days in the summer. It was not out of the ordinary to read her editorials urging war tax resistance and certainly not surprising to those who knew her to draw strength from her courage and convictions. Yet what captured the interest of the show's producers was the stand she took during World War I. This quiet, unassuming Phi Beta Kappa graduate from Swarthmore College, and Quaker public school teacher in New York City, became the first educator in American history to test the constitutionality of the newly enacted loyalty oaths on religious, rather than political, grounds.
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Vagramenko, Tatiana. "Secret Operations of the Soviet Security Services against the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Ukraine (1949—1955)." ISTORIYA 12, no. 8 (106) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016688-5.
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This article reconstructs the history of one KGB operation against the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Ukraine, launched by the Ukrainian security services in 1951. The operation aimed to infiltrate the Jehovah’s Witness underground organization in Ukraine and to organize a Witness country committee as a covert operation. The plan was designed such that the Soviet security service became the head of the Jehovah’s Witnesses organization, and the headquarters of the official Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society became a channel in their counter-intelligence operations. This article tells about the failures and unexpected side-effects of the secret operation caused by internal conflicts within the Soviet politics of religion. Paradoxically, in the context of a disintegrated Witness underground network, caused by the post-war deportations and mass arrests, severed communication channels with the Watch Tower Society and the absence of religious literature, the Soviet security service became an alternative communication channel between the faith communities and a source of religious reproduction (including the source of the production of Watch Tower literature). This study dwells upon historical materials from recently opened SBU (former KGB) archives in Ukraine.
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Dizdarević, Emsad. "Civil capacities for peace support operations: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Journal of Regional Security 9, no. 2 (2014): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11643/issn.2217-995x142ppd46.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has gone from being a receiver to providing assistance to post-conflict countries. Through its experience with rebuilding the country after conflict, BiH can make relevant and useful contributions to further peacebuilding and sustainable development in other countries. This article details current contributions BiH is making to international peace operations, maps the civilian capacities BiH could contribute in the future, and provides recommendations on how this could be implemented with regards to training, rostering and deployment of civilian capacities. Successful training, rostering and deployment of civilian capacities from BiH could be replicated at the Western Balkans level and bear witness to the development of security communities in BiH and the region.
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Said, Ali, and DR MUHAMMAD NAEEM Khan. "سامی مذاہب کے ماخذ اصلیہ کی روشنی میں عورت کی گواہی کی مشروعیت کا تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ." Al-Duhaa 2, no. 02 (September 27, 2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.002.02.0078.
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This research has carried out to elaborate a comparative study regarding the permissibility of women witnesses in the original sources of the captioned Divine Religions, its authenticity, and use in various transactions. Judiciary is the milestone of peace alive in society while the witness is the backbone of every judicial system. Without witnesses never justice could be done nor can any right be proved or protected in the court of law. This article has defined evidence, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam respectively. Then permissibility, strength, originality, and qualifications of women witnesses in the original texts of these religions thoroughly. In the end the status of witness in those matters which are related to them comparatively. The social and legal status of women in cited religions is admissible but still, some critics mistrust that either her evidence is half to men or they have less status, low or no value regarding evidence in the court of law. So it is an esteem need of the day to understand the permissibility of the women's witnesses in the light of original texts and to avoid misdeems over it. What would be the weightage of her witness in various transactions related to them? Inductive and qualitative methods have been adopted. Access to original sources of the three religions has been acquired, data collected, scrutinized, elaborated and trinal compared. The women's witness plays a pivotal role in all evidential proceedings. It is unanimously admissible in women-related matters. It has been proved from original sources of trinal religion like Torah, Gospel, and the Holy Quran. A witness is a person who testifies what he has seen of a matter or an event.
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Stubbings, Leon. "Youth and peace." International Review of the Red Cross 29, no. 268 (February 1989): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400072223.
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In the beginning…Peace was part of the vision of Henry Dunant when, having seen the human suffering and misery on the battlefield of Solferino, he was inspired to create a humanitarian organization that would aid all people affected by war. His ultimate objective was not merely to relieve the suffering caused by war but to instil in mankind a spirit of peace. He believed that if we instil humanitarian ideas in people, and inspire everyone with a horror of the spirit of vengeance, hatred and destruction, we shall counteract the terrible scourge of war and perhaps avert it completely.The quest for peace has been an integral part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement since its inception. The Movement has many other goals but in pursuing them all it tries to spread the spirit of peace.
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Zahavi, Hadas. "Toward a literary genre of ‘neither peace nor war’." European Journal of Life Writing 11 (April 21, 2022): AN50—AN74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.11.38658.
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While numerous studies have attempted to define forms of communication for the experience of eye witnessing the atrocities of war, little has been written on the inverse experience: how can one bear witness to not seeing warfare? I propose that this question has a profound ethical and political importance in the present, as the elimination of war’s demolition from the European horizon is essential to understanding the political situation that contemporary authors are witnessing. Retracing recent adaptations of the constructions of peace and war in the field of international studies may serve as a point of departure for determining a literary genre of ‘neither peace nor war’ related to contemporary French life-writings of writers such as Jean Rouaud and Jean-Yves Jouannais. Without being physically present for the events of extreme violence their writing describes in a first-person narrative, this genre creates a space for a reappearance of the war through the reconstructed European horizon of the present and opens a window toward a mode of resistance to the adverse political situation of ‘neither peace nor war’.
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Meisenzahl, Ralf R. "Organization matters: Trade union behavior during peace and war." Journal of Comparative Economics 43, no. 4 (November 2015): 919–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.03.006.
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Muhammad, Rusjdi Ali. "UPAYA PERDAMAIAN UNTUK PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA Reaktualisasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Hukum pidana Indonesia." LEGITIMASI: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum 10, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v10i2.11339.
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One characteristic of Islamic law is not explicitly distinguished between the domain of public law with private law. Sanctions for deliberate murder is Qisas for example, where the victim's heirs have more permanent role to choose the death penalty imposed (Qisas) or give forgive me by asking Diyat (compensation). Amount number of Diyat is also can be negotiated through a kind of mediation method called Shulh (peace). So here the element of private law is more dominant. Even Diyat can be released at all heirs of the victim initiatives. In this last case the State may punish the offender with ta'zir, so here its public law elements recur. This idea is not unknown in Indonesian positive law provisions. The victim had usually been involved as a witness in his father murder case or rape case against her. In customary law in Aceh there are several institutions in efforts to realize peace for criminal cases, namely in the form of adat meulangga, dhiet, sayam or takanai (South Aceh). Principles of peace settlement of disputes may also be considered not only for civil cases but also in criminal cases. Thus the doctrine that says the criminal nature of a case will not remove although there is peace agreement, would need to be revisited. However it is important also to restrict that not every criminal case could be solved by peace agreement. Criminal cases like premeditated murder and rape should be excluded from the possibility of peace agreement.
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Mollaian, Saba L. "Does Trade Equal Peace? The Role of the WTO in International Peace." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 46, Issue 1 (February 1, 2019): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2019005.
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This article contends that the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) plays a vital role in the maintenance of international peace through continued international trade. In exploring this argument, the article looks to the history of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (‘GATT 1947’) and the WTO. After doing so, the article analyses the other side of the coin: when trade is weaponized through the use of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (‘GATT 1994’) security exception Article XXI. Lastly, the article discusses the effectiveness of trade sanctions and whether the security exception is in need of reform in order for the WTO to better engage in the pursuit of international peace through international trade.
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Mahdi, Imam, and Mariyah Chusnul. "Civil society and peace: The role of Muhammadiyah in GPH-MILF Conflict." Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (October 8, 2022): 756–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7356.
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In fact, civil society has a huge chance to have an impact on each of these goals as a conflict transformation agent. Including Muhammadiyah, a civil society organization that works to resolve the conflict between the Philippine government and the MILF by acting as a locomotive for peace This study seeks to provide light on Muhammadiyah's role in bringing about peace in Mindanao. utilizing qualitative techniques, including in-depth interviews, on-the-ground observations, and document tracing. This study aims to draw attention to the fact that civil society, like Muhammadiyah, has not always been able to play a significant role in promoting peace. As a moderate Islamic organization, Muhammadiyah's main office is still not fully capable of visibly converting itself when it becomes an agent of peace.