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Kritis, Matt. "Natural dyes : thickening madder, weld, and woad for screenprinting of Turkish inspired textile prints." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3899.
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Palacios, Sara. "Decolourization of azo and anthraquinone dyes by mean of microorganisms growing on wood chips." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5168.
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Reactive Black 5 and Procion Red MX 5B, an azo and anthraquinone dye repectively were decoulorized by mean of microorganisms growing on wood chips. The process consisted of three reactors, two anaerobic reactors and one aerobic reactor. The anaerobic process was used in order to make it possible to break the nitrogen bond of the azo group, (-N=N-) and the aerobic one to increase the possibility for the degradation of possible intermediates. After pumping wastewater through the system it was shown that mixtures or Reactive Black 5 and Procion Red MX 5B were efficiently decolourised at 50 mg/l as well as 200 mg/l of each of the dyes.
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Benker, Maximilian. "Ulm in Nürnberg Simon Lainberger und die Bildschnitzer für Michael Wolgemut /." Weimar : VDG, Verlag und Datenbank für Geisteswissenschaften, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57729582.html.
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Murphy, Harriet. "The rhetoric of the spoken word in Die Wahlverwandtschaften." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385605.
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Staphorst, Luan. "Die wond sê dit aan my: die morele wêreldbeskouing van die |xam as eko-morele fenomenologie." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8180.
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Magister Artium - MADespite the loss of speakers of |xam, one of the 28 Khoisan languages once spoken across Southern Africa, a part of the heritage of these speakers can be found in predominantly two archives: that of Wilhelm H. I. Bleek and Lucy Lloyd (1911) and Gideon R. von Wielligh (1919-1921). The archives form the heart of Bushman* Studies, and has long since received attention in, amongst others, anthropology, literature, and linguistics. This study presents an investigation into the ethical views of the |xam, an investigation which, with the single exception of the studies of Antjie Krog (2004-), has not been undertaken in a philosophical tradition. Through a comparative study of texts across archival boundaries, I engage critically with the ethical views of the |xam, specifically the phenomenological nature of these views. To this end, I use the hermeneutical approach in African philosophy, an approach which focuses on identifying and analysing concepts in texts. The approach to ‘reading’ |xam texts remains, however, a burning issue, and the limit to which disciplinary boundaries are appropriate, is debatable (Wessels 2010). Consequently, and as a result of the relative density of the available texts, insights from anthropology, literature, linguistics and rock art are incorporated within the comparative study. I secondly bring the ethical views which are identified through the comparative analysis into conversation with the dominant ethical framework in African philosophy, namely Ubuntu. Where Ubuntu as been ‘read’ through various lenses (Van Niekerk 2013), a phenomenological approach is absent. Further, where Ubuntu, African ethics broadly, is generally regarded as humanist, a salient ecological consciousness is present in the |xam views. A comparison between Ubuntu and the |xam views therefore deepens the discourse around African ethics in general, and further provides insights into the unique nature of the ethical views of the |xam in particular. Through this I attempt to add value both to Bushman Studies and African philosophy, whilst highlighting an important voice unique to Africa which could be added to the burning discussion around ecological decay in the time of the Anthropocene.
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Chastagner, Matthew Wayne. "Slit die rheology of HDPE and ABS based wood plastic composites." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/m%5Fchastagner%5F072705.pdf.
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Saha, Tchinda Jean-Bosco. "Caractérisation et valorisation des substances extractibles de cinq essences camerounaises majeures de l'industrie du bois : Ayous, Moabi, Movingui, Padouk et Tali." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0113/document.
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Au cours de ce travail, le taux d’extractibles de cinq essences camerounaises a été évalué par la technique d’extraction accélérée ASE 200 et au Soxhlet. Le taux d’extractibles varie de 4,4 à 17,7%. Le screening des extraits a révélé la présence de polyphénols, de saponines, de flavonoïdes, de stérols et de terpènes. Les phénols totaux contenus dans les extraits ont été évalués par la méthode de Folin–Ciocalteu en utilisant l’acide gallique comme standard. La teneur varie de 16,5 à 165,83 mg éq acide gallique / g d’extrait. Le dosage des tannins condensés par la méthode colorimétrique a permis de montrer que ces derniers varient de 0,15 à 23,61 g cyanidin équivalents / 100 g de matière sèche. L’identification des composés contenus dans les extraits par GC-MS a permis d’identifier de l’homopterocarpine et de la pterocarpine dans les extraits de padouk. Les extraits de tali contiennent de la catéchine, l’acide gallique et du pyrogallole. L’acide gallique, le squalène et les triterpènes sont les composés majoritairement identifiés dans les extraits de movingui. La durabilité naturelle des bois a été évaluée par la norme européenne EN 350-1, 1994. Il ressort que les pertes de masse deviennent plus importantes lorsque les éprouvettes de bois ont été extraites. La perte de masse des éprouvettes non extraites varie de 0,1 à 59% (le hêtre a été pris comme référence). Les essais d’inhibition de croissances sur les champignons de pourriture ont montré qu’à des concentrations de 250 ppm, nos extraits étaient fongistatiques et qu’à des concentrations de 500 ppm certains extrait étaient fongicides (extrait de tali). L’évaluation des propriétés antioxydante et colorante des extraits pour envisager de potentielles applications industrielles a été effectuée. Le pouvoir antioxydant des extraits a été évalué par la méthode d’inhibition du linoléate de méthyle induite par l’azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants car l’activité antioxydante varie de 10 à 86%. Le pouvoir anti-radicalaire des extraits a été évalué en utilisant le radical 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.). Les concentrations nécessaires pour consommer 50% du radical varie de 2,7 à 60,5 mg/L. La capacité des extraits aqueux et alcalins à teindre les fibres naturelles et artificielles a été évaluée. La mesure de la coloration prise par les fibres s’est faite à l’aide d’un colorimètre Datacolor D65°10. Les résultats montrent que ces extraits donnent une coloration jaune avec les extraits de movingui et une coloration rouge avec les extraits de padouk. L’utilisation des extraits pour inhiber la croissance bactérienne a montré que les extraits étaient bactériostatiques pour les concentrations testéesIn this work, the accelerated technical ASE 200 and Soxhelet was used to evaluate the amount of extractives contained in five Cameroonian wood species. The amount of extractives ranged from 4.4 to 17.7% with respect to oven-dry matter. Phytochemical screening of the extractives revealed the presence of polyphenols, saponins, flavonoïds, sterols and terpenes. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using gallic acid as standard. The phenolic content ranged from 16.5 to 165.83 mg eq gallic acid/g of extract. The condensed tannins, evaluated by colorimetric method, ranged from 0.15 to 23.61 g cyanidin equivalents/100 g of dry matter. GC-MS identified the homopterocarpine and pterocarpin as major compound in extracts of padouk. Catechin, gallic acid and pyrogallole were the major compounds found in the extracts of tali. Extracts of movingui consisted mainly of diterpenes and several compounds not readily identifiable. Gallic acid, squalene and triterpenes were the predominant compounds identified in the extracts of movingui. The natural durability of wood was evaluated using the European Standard EN 350-1. Mass losses increased when the wood samples were extracted. Mass losses of non-extracted samples ranged from 0.1 to 59% (with beech taken as a reference). The effect of extractives on fungal growth showed that at 250 ppm concentrations, the extracts were fungistatic and that at 500 ppm concentrations, the extracts of tali were fungicidal.Valorization of the extractives in the food and the textile industries was attempted. In food, the antioxidant activity of the extracts by inhibition of methyl linoleate induced by AIBN was evaluated. The results obtained were satisfactory because all the extracts showed antioxidant activity which varied from 10 to 86%. Then the anti-radical capacity of our extracts was assessed by the DPPH method. The concentration necessary to consume 50% of DPPH varied from 2.7 to 60.5 mg/L. Aqueous and alkaline extracts were used to dye natural and artificial fibers. The coloration taken by the fibers was measured using a Datacolor D65°10 apparatus. These extracts gave a yellow color with extracts of movingui and a red color with extracts of padouk. The effect of extractives on bacteria growth showed that the extracts were bacteriostatic at the tests concentrations
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Mohebby, Behbood. "Biological attack of acetylated wood." Doctoral thesis, Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010518063&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Gomes, José Alexandre Fernandes Lucas. "Valorização de aglomerados de madeira pela produção e aplicação de carvões ativados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21810.
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O aumento da consciencialização ambiental por parte das populações, para com os
problemas ambientais, tem levado a uma procura constante de novas soluções.
É possível produzir, a partir de resíduos de compósitos de madeira, MDF e PB,
carvões ativados numa forma monolítica. Estes adsorventes, com ABET entre os 639 e
1349m2g‐1, apresentam características interessantes.
A aplicação destes carvões ativados em ensaios de adsorção de corantes a partir da
fase líquida, no modo estacionário, mostra desempenhos bastante interessantes, com
capacidades bastante elevadas com máximos de 280mgg‐1 para o azul‐de‐metileno e
92mgg‐1 para o vermelho neutro.
De uma forma inovadora, testes em sistemas dinâmicos com adsorventes
selecionados, demostram uma capacidade de remoção de cerca de 30% do total de corante
introduzido no sistema.
O trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto “Dos desperdícios de compósitos
de MDF e PB aos Carvões Ativados” do CQE‐UÉ, com o apoio da Sonae Indústria; ABSTRACT: Environmental consciousness, related to the environmental problems, has been
growing among the general population, leading to the search of solutions.
Monolith activated carbons can be produced, from wood composites residues, MDF
and PB. Adsorbents with ABET ranging from 639 to 1349m2g‐1 show interesting
characteristics.
A quite interesting performance has been showed, in the application of these
activated carbons for the adsorption of dyes from the liquid phase, resulting in high
adsorption capacities reaching 280mgg‐1 for the methylene blue and 92mgg‐1 for the
neutral red.
Selected adsorbents, tested in dynamic systems, in an innovative way, showed a
capacity to remove about 30% of the dye within the system.
The work was developed within the scope of CQE‐UÉ project “Dos desperdícios de
compósitos de MDF e PB aos Carvões Ativados”, with the support of Sonae Indústria.
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Scott, Joseph E. "Column Buckling Analysis of Wood Stud Members due to Reduced Stiffness over Partial Member Length." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543325743355501.
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Dumm, Manfred. "Die Wortgruppe [mimeomai] im NT exegetisch- systematische Analyse im Kontext der Gemeindesituation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Gomes, Martin Luther. "Die ontwikkeling van kriteria waarmee sosiale weteskappe-onderrigmateriaal (graad sewe) : opgestel kan word om te verseker dat selfgerigte leer bevorder word." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1904.
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Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007Daar kan nie van leerders (wat geleer is wat om te leer, hoe om dit te leer, wanneer en waar om dit te leer) verwag word om skielik verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie leer in ons moderne informasie-era te aanvaar nie. Die probleem is dat die leerders nie blootgestel of die geleentheid gebied word om hulle eie leer te bestuur nie. Daarom moet onderrigmateriaal verseker dat die leerders blootgestel word aan die geleentheid om hulle eie leer te bestuur. Deur die gebruik van bestaande onderrigmateriaal, wat nie selfgerigte leer (SGL) koester me, kan leerders geforseer word om afbanklike leerders te bly en nie te ontwikkel tot lewenslange en selfgerigte leerders (leerders wat bevoeg is om op hulle eie te kan leer) nie. Verder veroorsaak die gebruik van bestaande onderrigmateriaal deur opvoeders dat die unieke behoeftes van die leerders in 'n klas nie in ag geneem word nie en dat opvoedergerigte leer in plaas van selfgerigte leer bevorder en aangemoedig word. Die rede hiervoor is dat opvoeders, weens 'n gebrek aan kennis van SGL, nie van beter weet nie. Die betroubaarheid van selfgerigte leer word versterk wanneer die opvoeders en die skeppers van onderrigmateriaal 'n deeglike begrip en kennis van die SGL-proses het. Die primere doel van hierdie navorsing is om kriteria te ontwikkel, wat as 'n riglyn kan dien om onderrigmateriaal wat SGL koester te ontwikkel- dus materiaal wat rigting aan die leerders gee om hulle eie leer te bestuur. Die kriteria is gevorm na aanleiding van 'n literatuurstudie van bestaande navorsing oor SGL en kundiges se evaluering van die kriteria. Na aanleiding van die kundiges se kommentaar is onderrigmateriaal, wat SGL koester, ontwikkel en weer aan die kundiges vir evaluering voorgele.
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Méndez-Sánchez, Noemi C. Lange Clifford R. "Biodecolorization of paper mills wastewater using anaerobic composting." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1862.
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Cheng, Qingzheng. "Microstuctural Changes in Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) Due to Extended Moisture Cycling and its Relationship to Mechanical Performance Changes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChengQ2005.pdf.
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Eichhorn, Sven, Ronny Eckardt, and Christoph Müller. "Einblick in die Geschichte der Holzwerkstoffe im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau und aktuelle Möglichkeiten der angemessenen technischen Nutzung." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-61031.
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Der Einsatz von Holz- und speziell Holzfurnierlagenverbundwerkstoffen (WVC) konzentrierte sich in den vergangen Jahrzehnten nahezu ausschließlich auf den Möbelbau und den Bausektor. Eine Verwendung von Holzwerkstoffen im Sinne einer angemessenen technischen Nutzung der vorhandenen Eigenschaften im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau wird hingegen aktuell kaum praktiziert. Der Vortrag zeigt anhand der Darstellung und Analyse des Standes der Technik Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Werkstoffes im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau auf und charakterisiert dabei die Bereiche, in denen noch verstärkt gearbeitet werden muss, um diese Einsatzmöglichkeiten angemessen nutzen zu können. Weiterhin werden grundlegend relevante Werkstoffeigenschaften für das angestrebte Einsatzgebiet charakterisiert und erste Einblicke in Bauformen aus WVC gegeben, mit denen ein praktischer Einsatz im Allgemeinen Maschinenbau und damit in der Fördertechnik technisch sinnvoll istFor the last decades the usage of plywood materials (Wood Veneer Composites) was mainly focused on furniture and civil engineering. At the moment there is no adequate technical use of wood based materials in mechanical engineering in respect to its particular properties. Following the state of the art several fields of application in mechanical engineering are presented as well as subjects were identified which need further investigation. Relevant material properties for the aspired technical application are characterized. Furthermore an insight in realized designs of WVC structures is given
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Van, Zyl Christiaan Frederik. "Liturgiese ontwerp met die preekteks as uitgangspunt - 'n model." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03282007-164851/.
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Van, der Schyff Stephanus Petrus. "Die transformerende wisselwerking tussen die liturgie van die erediens en die liturgie van die lewe / deur Stephanus Petrus van der Schyff." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1853.
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λειτουργία denotes all the religious acts and activities of worship performed by Christians during the worship service and in life. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the interactive relationship between the liturgy of the worship service and the liturgy of a Scripture driven life. The central theoretical argument of the study was that this relationship is dynamic and transforming.
Basic theoretical perspectives were formulated in Section A. The comprehensive conclusion attained in this section was that the liturgy of the worship service and the liturgy of life is an undividable unit consisting of differentiate elements.
Meta-theoretical perspectives were formulated in Section B. These principles were drawn from research done relating to postmodernism, the effects of the post-94 transformation in South Africa on previously advantaged South African Christians and empirical research. The perspectives indicated that the praxis of life impacted directly on the liturgy of the worship service.
The conclusions reached in both Sections A and B lead to the final conclusion that the nature of the interactive relationship between the liturgy of the worship service and the liturgy of life is dynamic and transforming.
It was further indicated by the research that the interactive relationship between the liturgy of the worship service and the liturgy of life reflected the broken reality of our sin-corrupted world. Hence an adjusted practical theory and accompanying practical theoretical model were developed to aid the alignment of the praxis as indicated by the meta-theoretical perspectives with the Scriptural ideal purported by the basis theoretical principles.Thesis (Ph.D. (Liturgics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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McIntosh, Nicholas Joseph. "Measurement of the changes to the liquid transport properties of wood due to compression." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60148.
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Compression of wood chips coupled with chemical treatment in a liquid bath has been
shown to be an effective method to reduce the energy required to mechanically produce wood pulp. Though the utility of such compression/chip impregnation processes has become well known through implementation at pilot and mill scales, a fundamental understanding of the operational mechanism of these processes remains to be obtained. Towards this end, an experimental and statistical study has been conducted. In this work, better understanding the mechanism of action and measuring the effectiveness of a given compression/impregnation process has come about via developing two complementary methods to characterize arbitrarily compressed wood
chips. The first method, applied to chips compressed at mill and pilot-scale, involves
extracting a pore size distribution from a wood sample by use of a combination of
microscope imaging, digital image analysis, and model fitting to the data obtained from
image analysis. The second method, applied to wooden blocks compressed at lab-scale, involves directly measuring liquid uptake of a wooden block from a reservoir.
Results from image analysis suggest that compression changes the structure of
wood in a way which hinders liquid uptake. This observation, taken with existing
heuristic relationships between compression and liquid uptake ability of wood chips,
implies that the effectiveness of a wood chip compression/impregnation process relies
on the alteration of chip properties on a length scale larger than that captured by the
image analysis (i.e., that of individual fibres). Direct measurement of liquid uptake
of compressed wood blocks at lab-scale resulted in the emergence of a stochastic
relationship between compression conditions (compression rate and total strain applied
to a block) and the changes imparted to wood’s micro-structure. Taken in combination, the results of the experimental program conducted suggest that the effectiveness of wood chip compression/impregnation processes lies within the ability of compression to modify the structure of an aggregate of wood chips rather than individual wood chips on a fibre scale.Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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Kumar, Nikhil. "Stress analysis of wood-framed low-rise buildings under wind loads due to tornados." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Van, Rensburg Frederik Jakobus. "Psalmopskrifte, lofprysing en die titel van die psalmbundel / van Rensburg F.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7306.
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The Problem statement which was examined in this study is the following: Throughout the history the accuracy and historical value of the Psalm headings were questioned. Translations of the Psalm headings that later on developed for example the Septuagint, the Vulgate and the Peshitta is generally more extended than the Hebrew text. The use of the Grammatical–Historical method shows that the Psalm headings are authorative and that they are part of the Canonical text of the Hebrew Bible.
Thorough word study by the method of Verhoef (1973), Hayes & Holladay (2007) and Kaiser (2007) of certain terms was important to note in the naming of the Psalter. This word study was approached through the Grammatical–Historical method.
It was further necessary to study the importance of Psalm 145 in the whole of the Psalter, because Psalm 145 is the only Psalm with the heading: תְּהִלָּה . Other Psalm headings were studied and historical information was compared with other parts of Scripture. This study was approached Revelation–Historical.
Further on it was necessary to do a comparative study between the Psalm headings of the Masoretic text, the Septuagint and the writings of Qumran to determine the authority of the Psalm headings.
A study of contents about the element of praise was also necessary as Van Rooy (2008) explained, because the Psalter shows a development from lament to praise. It is also connected with the title that was originally been given to the Psalter by the Jews.Thesis (M.Th. (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Borstlap, Mari. "Poësie performances : ‘n ondersoek na die moontlikhede vir poësie performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20064.
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Thesis (MDram)--Stellenbosch University, 2012ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poetry performance as a universal phenomenon is a performing art form. The aim of this study is to explore the diverse nature of this art form. The different types are investigated according to their nature and the reasons provided as motivation for the way in which these types are presented. This study focuses on the following types: poetry found in ritual, poetry readings, poetry recitals, poetry as part of word art (woordkuns), sung poetry, the verse drama and drama’s based on poetry. Under each of these categories relevant examples of each type are discussed. A background study which is primarily focused on a brief overview of the history of poetry performance in relation to its origin and development serves as an introduction and foundation for the study. Hereupon the different types of poetry performances, with relevant and contemporary variations as examples, are being compared to each other with the aim to elucidate the main similarities as well as differences between these examples. As part of the research of poetry performance, a practical project exploring the specific nature of dramas based on poetry was executed. This drama, called Ontslape, shares various comparisons as well as differences with other examples of contemporary drama’s based on poetry. It also shares similarities with word art (woordkuns). Although it is possible to distinguish between certain types of poetry performance, it however also appears that some types overlap in more than one way and therefore the conclusion can be made that poetry performance as a phenomenon consists of various possibilities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Poësie performance as universiële verskynsel is ‘n uitvoerende kunsvorm. In hierdie studie word die diversiteit van die kunsvorm ondersoek. Die onderskeie tipes word ondersoek na aanleiding van die aard en doel van die aanbieding. Die studie fokus op die volgende tipes: poësie in rituele verband, poësie in voorlesing, poësie en voordrag, poësie as deel van woordkuns, poësie in sangvorm, die versdrama en poësie gebasseerde drama’s. Onder elk van hierdie afdelings word relevante voorbeelde van elke tipe breedvoerig bespreek. ‘n Agtergrondstudie wat hoofsaaklik fokus op ‘n historiese oorsig met betrekking tot die oorsprong en ontwikkeling van poësie performance dien as basis vir en inleiding tot die studie. Hierop word onderskeie tipes poësie performance met relevante en kontemporêre voorbeelde en variasies belig met die doel om die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen tipes en voorbeelde uit te lig. As deel van die verkenning van poësie performances is ‘n praktiese projek uitgevoer wat by nader ondersoek ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n poësie gebasseerde drama is. Hierdie drama, getiteld Ontslape, toon verskille en ooreenkomste met ander kontemporêre poësie gebasseerde drama’s. Dit toon ook ooreenkomste met woordkuns. Alhoewel sekere tipes poësie performances duidelik van ander geskei kan word, blyk dit dus dat sekere tipes met mekaar oorvleuel en daar word dus gevolglik tot die konklusie gekom dat poësie performance as verskynsel oor ‘n legio aantal moontlikhede beskik.
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Kritzinger, Daniel Jacobus. "Evaluering van grondvoorbereidingspraktyke wat in die wingerdbedryf uitgevoer word in terme van geselekteerde grondfisiese eienskappe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6672.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was conducted in the Western Cape Province to investigate the effect of soil preparation on selected soil physical properties. This study was necessitated by the negative effects that high soil bulk density has on the growth and production of a vine. Soil preparation in South Africa are applied to remove root limiting layers in the subsoil and to create a larger soil volume for root growth. The question is whether it is always necessary because of the destruction of macropore structure and also the high costs that is involved. The study includes different soil forms, different depths of tillage, different tillage operations and also the change of soil physical properties with time. Soil physical properties that was investigated include, bulk density (cloth method), infiltration (mini disk infiltrometer and double ring infiltrometer), shear strength (pocket vane tester), soil strength (penetrometer) and root distribution (profile wall method). The main finding was that the positive effects of soil preparation were still clear after 25 years. The bulk density, shear strength, penetration resistance and infiltration with the double ring infiltrometer of the deeper soil preparation practices were considerably lower than those of undisturbed soil. Soil preparation shallower than 60 cm recompacted more than the deeper tillage treatments. Hydraulic conductivity with the mini disk infiltrometer yielded mixed results. This was mainly because measurements represented hydraulic conductivity through the whole profile and therefore can be influenced by many factors. Root distribution has increased with depth of tillage and the effect was clear at Nietvoorbij in the deeper (> 60 cm) soil preparation treatments. There were no significant difference between the two soil preparation methods (delve plough and soilmix) at Kanonkop, although the effect of secondary compaction by the soilmix was quite clear. Recompaction over a year was clear in the 2009 and 2010 tillage treatments at Broodkraal. The methods that were used to determine the soil physical properties have all yield good results. At all the sites the tillage treatments generally yielded better results than the undisturbed soils. It was also clear that the longer the time after tillage the smaller become the difference between the tillage treatments and the undisturbed soils. Recompaction did occur and therefore soil preparation might possibly be applied again before new vines wants to be planted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie gedoen om die effek van grondvoorbereiding op geselekteerde grondfisiese eienskappe te ondersoek. Hierdie studie is genoodsaak deur die nadelige gevolge wat hoë gronddigthede op die groei en produksie van ’n wingerdstok het. Grondvoorbereiding in Suid-Afrika word toegepas om beperkende lae in die ondergrond te verwyder en sodoende ‘n groter grondvolume vir wortelgroei beskikbaar te stel. Die vraag is egter of dit altyd noodsaaklik is weens die vernietiging van voorkeur vloeikanale en die hoë kostes wat daarmee gepaard gaan. Die studie sluit verskillende grondvorms, verskillende dieptes van bewerking en verskillende tipes bewerking in asook hoe die toestande met verloop van tyd verander. Grondfisiese eienskappe wat ondersoek is, sluit in: bulkdigtheid (kluitmetode), infiltrasie (“mini disk” - en dubbelring infiltrometer), skuifsterkte (skroefbladmeter), grondsterkte (penetrometer) en wortelverspreidings (profielwand metode). Die studie is uitgevoer by drie verskillende proeflokaliteite, nl. Nietvoorbij, Kanonkop en Broodkraal. Die vernaamste bevindings was dat die grondvoorbereidingsbehandelings se voordelige effek oor die langtermyn, na 25 jaar, steeds duidelik waarneembaar was. Die bulkdigtheid, skuifsterkte, penetrasieweerstand en infiltrasie met dubbelring infiltrometer van die dieper grondbewerkingspraktyke was aansienlik laer as die kontrole behandelings (onversteurde grond) gewees. Die grondvoorbereidingsaksies vlakker as 60 cm het tot ʼn mate weer herverdig. Hidrouliese geleiding met minidisk infiltrometer het baie wisselvallige resultate opgelewer. Dit is hoofsaaklik omdat die meting die geleiding deur die hele profiel verteenwoordig en daar baie faktore is wat dit kan beïnvloed. Die wortelverspreiding het met diepte van grondbewerking toegeneem en die langtermyn voordelige effek was duidelik by Nietvoorbij in die dieper (> 60 cm) grondvoorbereidingsbehandelings sigbaar. Die twee grondvoorbereidingspraktyke (dolbewerking en “soilmix”) by Kanonkop het nie betekenisvol van mekaar verskil nie, alhoewel die effek van sekondêre kompaksie soos veroorsaak deur die “soilmix” implement, duidelik was. Herverdigting oor die tydperk van ’n jaar was duidelik tussen die 2009- en 2010 bewerking by Broodkraal. Die metingsmetodes waarmee die grondfisiese eienskappe ondersoek is, het almal goeie resultate gelewer. By al die proeflokaliteite het die bewerkingsbehandelings oor die algemeen beter resultate as die kontrole-behandelings (onversteur) gelewer. Hoe langer die tydperk na grondvoorbereiding hoe kleiner was die verskil tussen die bewerkingsbehandelings en die kontrole. Herverdigting het wel voorgekom en daarom sal grondvoorbereiding moontlik weer toegepas moet word wanneer nuwe aanplantings gemaak word.
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De, Wet Burgert Wynand. "Koinonia as teologiese raamwerk in Paulus se hantering van die probleemkwesses in 1 Kor 5-6 en 8:1-11:1." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11022005-124121/.
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Combrink, Anneretha. "Die rol van oraliteit en identiteit in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika / A. Combrink." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4819.
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Daar is baie onbeskryfde ruimtes en identiteite in Suid–Afrika; gemeenskappe waarvan die woordkunspotensiaal van die vertellers en skrywers nie ontgin is nie. Die kompleksiteit van die Suid–Afrikaanse samelewing, veral met betrekking tot taal en die geletterdheidskontinuum, veroorsaak dat gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte nie op n eendimensionele vlak beskou kan word nie. In een gemeenskap is daar byvoorbeeld lede wat steeds in die mondelinge tradisie funksioneer, maar ook ander vir wie die skriftelike tradisie toeganklik is. n Nuwe, sogenaamde “sekondêre mondelinge tradisie” speel ook n rol, en daar is komplekse intervlakke tussen hierdie tradisies. In elke gemeenskap deel mense mini–narratiewe met mekaar, maar is daar ook meesternarratiewe waardeur die betrokke gemeenskap, en die samelewing as geheel, beïnvloed word.
Die oorkoepelende doel van die studie is om vas te stel watter rol oraliteit en identiteit speel in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika.
As navorsingsmetode word daar vanuit n heuristiese en interpretatiewe benadering afleidings uit bestaande literatuur en gevallestudies gemaak. Die studie bestaan uit n teoretiese en praktiese deel. Die teoretiese deel behels n metateoretiese raamwerk wat uit die literatuurstudie gevorm word. Dit vorm as't ware die “bril” waardeur die res van die studie beskou word. Drie teoretiese sfere word betrek, naamlik (1) identiteit en ruimte, (2) die woordkuns en (3) gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Tydens die praktiese deel word daar veral van die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gebruik gemaak, asook op deelnemende waarneming en outo–etnografie gesteun. Insigte word uit twee gevallestudies oor gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte en die bespreking van n aantal eenmalige woordkuns–projekte verkry.
Uit beide die teoretiese en praktiese dele van die navorsing word sekere merkers afgelei wat vir die skep van n model ter bevordering van die woordkuns in Suid–Afrika gebruik word. Die model is nie algemeen geldend nie; dit bied slegs beginsels wat as riglyne in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns kan dien.
Na afloop van die navorsing word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beide oraliteit en identiteit n sentrale rol in die woordkuns van gemeenskappe speel. Daar word gevind dat daar verskeie verbande bestaan tussen die identiteit en ruimte van n gemeenskap en die manier waarop hulle hulself in woordkuns uitdruk. Verder word vasgestel dat n deelnemende benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling as n toepaslike filosofiese raamwerk vir gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte kan dien. Die benadering word ook (met inagneming van die konsepte ruimte en identiteit) as raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van die model ter bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns gebruik.Thesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Doty, Kelsie. "Comparison of aluminum mordanted and nonmordanted wool yarns naturally dyed with Kansas black walnut, Osage orange, and eastern redcedar sawdust." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20373.
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Master of ScienceApparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Sherry J. Haar
This study compared the colorfastness of potassium aluminum sulfate (PAS) mordanted and nonmordanted 30/2 wool yarn, dyed with black walnut (Juglans Nigra), Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) sawdust. Information from this study is intended to inform natural dye artisans and to increase the profitability of sawdust for farmers, ranchers, and mill owners who would otherwise find little use for this byproduct of timber manufacturing. Pre-testing ensured dyeings of visually comparable color depth and dye concentrations were pre-tested to find a standard depth of shade between the same dye on PAS mordanted and nonmordanted wool yarns. Tests for colorfastness to light, laundering and staining were performed in accordance to AATCC test methods. Resulting colors for exposed and unexposed specimens were rated using CIE L* a* b* values and AATCC gray scale for color change. GLM Anovas and two-sample t-tests were used to statistically analyze CIE L* a* b* values. As expected, findings indicated that dye absorption was improved with the use of a PAS mordant, especially for black walnut and eastern redcedar. For yarns premordanted with PAS the dyewoods became yellower. A PAS mordant slightly improved colorfastness to light for black walnut and eastern redcedar, but did not influence Osage orange which had an unexpected color change from bright yellow to warm brown after exposure to light. Colorfastness to laundering was slightly improved with PAS for Osage orange, while black walnut and eastern red cedar had slightly less color change without the mordant. This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Experiment Station and Kansas State University.
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Reyneke, P. G. "Die herwinning van waaisand op Walker Bay-Staatsbos, Hermanus langs die Suidwes-Kaapse kus deur van Ammophila arenaria (L) link gebruik te maak." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2535.
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Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 1985.Die ontstaan van waaisand langs die Suidwes-Kaapse kus en die geskiedenis van waaisandherwinning in die gebied word behandel. Die gebruik van Ammophila arenaria (marram) en A. breviligulata tydens die herwinning van waaisand in ander lande word bespreek. Verskillende metodes kan gebruik word om die resultate van die onderskeie behandelings op die groei van marramgras te bepaal.
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Jacobs, Isabella Fredrika. "'N Maatskaplike werkondersoek na die behoeftes van beraders van kinders wat deur Vigs geraak word (Afrikaans)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02192004-141756/.
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Visser, Christina Magdalena. "Die toepaslikheid van 'n Afrikaanse vertaling van die Scan-C test for auditory processing disorders in children-revised vir voorskoolse leerders /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-092134.
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Tan, Stella. "Assessing near-field black carbon variability due to wood burning and evaluating regression models and ISC dispersion modeling." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/626.
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PM2.5 variability within the neighborhood scale has not been thoroughly studied for wood burning communities. High variability in near-field PM2.5 concentration may lead to harmful public exposure since monitoring does not occur on that scale. This study measures near-field PM2.5 variability by measuring black carbon (BC), a component of PM2.5, in a 1 km2 area located in Cambria, California. BC and meteorological data (when meteorological instruments were available) were measured over thirteen 12-hour intensive operation periods (IOPs) occurring over the winters of 2009 and 2010. Near-field BC variability was measured to understand the type of exposures found in communities where many homes are burning wood simultaneously within a small area. In addition, relationships between meteorological, geographical, and burning source characteristics and BC were observed as tools for understanding BC concentration. The computer air dispersion modeling programs, ISC-PRIME and ISCST3, were also evaluated for applicability to the near field.
BC concentrations were measured using 1- to 2-minute resolution aethalometers and 12 hour resolution Personal Environmental Monitors (PEMs). On average, over all IOPs and sites, aethalometer and PEM BC averages were very similar, ranging between 200 and 250 ng/m3, or 4 and 5 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and standard deviations were often high. Averaging all BC measurements, aethalometer BC standard deviation values were 360 percent of the average BC concentration and PEM BC standard deviations were 120 percent the average BC concentration. The average standard deviation detected during each IOP was 190 percent of the average BC concentration for aethalometers and 79 percent of the average BC concentration for PEMs. The average standard deviation detected at each site was 220 percent of the average BC concentration for aethalometers and 76 percent of the average BC concentration for PEMs. The larger standard deviations measured by higher resolution aethalometers demonstrated that low resolution instruments, such as PEMs, are unable to detect high concentrations that may occur.
In addition to examining BC variability, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the impact of meteorological variables and geographic and burning source characteristics on BC concentration and a weighted BC deviation function (BC standard deviation divided by average BC concentration). Time impacts, humidity, and wind speed, accounted for about 50 percent of variability in aethalometer average BC and BC deviation. However, because all model assumptions were not satisfied, improvements are needed. Regression models based on PEM BC found wind speed and direction to account for about 80 percent of average PEM BC variability and number of burning sources to account for about 30 percent of PEM BC deviation. Although PEM BC models accounted for a high percentage of BC variability, few data points were available for the PEM analyses and more IOPs are needed to determine their accuracy.
When evaluating correlations between geographic and burning source characteristics and PEM BC concentrations, specific IOP and PEM sampling location explained almost 70 percent of variability in BC concentration, though model residuals suggested model bias. IOP likely explained variation in burning patterns and meteorology over each night while sampling location was likely a proxy for housing density, tree coverage, and/or elevation. Because all regression model assumptions could not be satisfied, the predictors were also observed graphically. Plotting BC concentration versus the number of burning sources suggested that number of burning sources may affect BC concentration in areas of low tree coverage and high housing density and in the case that the level of surrounding vegetation and structures are minimal. More data points will be needed to determine whether or not these relationships are significant.
ISC-PRIME and ISCST3 modeling overall tended to under predict BC concentrations with average modeled-to-measured ratios averaging 0.25 and 0.15, for ISC-PRIME and ISCST3, respectively. Correction factors of 9.75 and 18.2 for ISC-PRIME and ISCST3, respectively, were determined to bring modeled BC concentrations closer to unity, but the range of ratios was still high. Both programs were unable to consistently capture BC variability in the area and more investigation will be needed to improve models.
The results of the study indicate high BC variability exists on the near-field scale, but that the variability is not clearly explained by existing regression and air dispersion models. To prevent public exposure to harmful concentrations, more investigation will be needed to determine factors that largely influence pollutant variability on the neighborhood scale.
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Pinto, Thaís Frazão. "ADSORÇÃO DE CORANTE TÊXTIL (VIOLETA BRILHANTE 5R REMAZOL) POR SERRAGEM DE MADEIRA MODIFICADA COM ANIDRIDO SUCCÍNICO." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2010. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/910.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-02This work treated of modified wood sawdust with succinic anhydride and your application as adsorbent for remazol brilliant violet 5R (VR5) textile dye. The new material obtained was designated SMAS. The vibrations spectra indicated the presence of oxygenated groups, being the modification confirmed by Infrared, 13C NMR spectroscopy and titration of acid groups that indicated the introduction of carboxylic groups the material. It was found that the material can act as adsorbent to dye investigated and your active sites further enriched, due to considerably increased the adsorption capacity compared to natural material. Furthermore, the process of adsorption proved to be highly dependent of the pH and the largest amount adsorbed was obtained at pH 2.0. The adsorption of remazol brilliant violet 5R textile dye by wood sawdust modified with succinic anhydride followed the kinetic modeling of second order and was well described by the Freundlich model. In the conditions studied was reached a percentage of removal 51.66%.
Este trabalho tratou da modificação de serragem de madeira por anidrido succínico e sua aplicação como adsorvente para o corante têxtil violeta brilhante 5R remazol (VR5). O novo material obtido foi denominado SMAS. Os espectros vibracionais indicaram a presença de grupos oxigenados, sendo a modificação comprovada a partir de Infravermelho, RMN de 13C e da titulação dos grupos ácidos, que indicaram a inserção de grupos carboxílicos ao material. Verificou-se que o material pode atuar como adsorvente para o corante investigado e que houve um acréscimo no número de sítios ativos, pois aumentou consideravelmente a capacidade de adsorção frente ao corante, comparado ao material in natura. Além disso, o processo de adsorção se mostrou fortemente dependente do pH e a maior quantidade adsorvida foi obtida em pH 2,0. A adsorção do corante Violeta Remazol 5R por serragem de madeira quimicamente modificada com anidrido succínico seguiu a modelagem cinética de segunda ordem e foi bem descrita pelo modelo de Freundlich. Nas condições estudadas, alcançou-se uma porcentagem de remoção de 51,66 %.
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Gopinath, Kaundinya S. "Reduction of noise due to task correlated motion in event related overt word generation functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001289.
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Van, Wyk Gert Jacobus. "Die implikasie van die diakonia van Jesus in woord- en daadverkondiging in die Markusevangelie : 'n eksegetiese studie / Gert Jacobus van Wyk." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10433.
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Many Christians, including Christian leaders, are spiritually blind. They do not
understand the purpose and implication of Jesus' Coming for each of His followers. So
often Christians seek self-interest and their own honour and are not in the least
concerned about their fellow believers and fellow man. They do not live up to God's
purpose with them. The main research problem of this study is: "What is the implication
of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The
main objective of this study is to determine what the implication is of the ? of
Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark.
The specific question posed. in Chapter 2 is the following: "What research has been
done with reference to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed
proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" Research has shown that the disciples are
portrayed negatively in the Gospel of Mark. Researchers offer different explanations for
this negative portrayal of the disciples. There is concensus among researchers that this
specific portrayal of the disciples should be explained from the angle of Christology and
discipleship. This study examines the negative portrayal of the disciples focusing on the
? of Jesus and the discipleship of His followers. The intention is to propose an
answer to the calling of each follower in the missionary church. Research has further
shown that discipleship is not limited to the twelve disciples only, but includes all
followers of Jesus.
The specific question posed in Chapter 3 is the following: "What is the relevance of the
socio-historic and literary context of the Gospel of Mark for this study regarding the
implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of
Mark?" The socio-historic context indicates that the adressees of the Gospel of Mark
probably suffered persecution. The relevance of the socio-historic context can be read
from the fact that the author of the Gospel of Mark encourages the adressees in their
unique situation(s) en guides them on their response as followers. This corresponds
with Jesus' discipleship calling to bear one's own cross. From the literary context it
becomes clear that the central discipleship section in Mark 8:27-10:52 forms a structural
unit in the Gospel of Mark. Christology and discipleship are central themes in Mark 8:27-
10:52. These two themes are directly related to the implication of the ? of Jesus
in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The literary context also shows
that the Gospel of Mark is a dramatic, apocalyptic, eschatologic narrative that is also a
biography. As a biography of Jesus, the Gospel of Mark focuses on Jesus as Subject
who serves, but also on his disciples who must deny themselves and serve God.
The specific question posed in Chapter 4 is the following: "What is the relevance of the
revelation-historic context of the "Son of man" enunciations in Mark 8:27-10:52 for the
implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of
Mark? In Chapter 4 it is shown that the "Son of man" enunciations should be understood
within the revelation-historical relation between the Old and the New Testament. Jesus
proclaims Himself, amongst other titles in the Gospel of Mark as the Son of man. The
Son of man is a glorious and kingly figure (cf Dan 7:13 & 14), .but also a humble figure
who suffers (cf Isaiah Jes 40-55; Sagaria; the Psalms). It is further more important to
realize that there is a relationship between the Messiah and His servants in the Old
Testament and the Son of man and his followers in the Gospel of Mark.
The specific question, posed in Chapter 5 is the following: "What is the implication of the
? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" It is shown
from Mark 8:27-9:1 that the ? of Jesus has redemptive, discipleship, as well as
judgemental implication. Following Jesus means to serve Him as believer and saved
person. Following Jesus is to serve Jesus and God with the same attitude as Jesus
served His Father and people. It is shown from Mark 9:30-37 that humble and loving
service is necessary between leaders and all followers. This service should be
specifically aimed at the least ones in the community of faith. Humble service towards
one another and the least ones is not degraded. It is extremely important work because
it is at the same time service towards Jesus and God. At the feet of the least in church
and society we receive the most humble Servant and our Supreme God, the most
important of all. It is shown from Mark 10:32-45 that selfish behaviour and pride among
leaders must be replaced with a humble attitude and submission to God, fellow believers
and fellow man." This discipleship has its origin in the reconciliatory work of Jesus. It is
shown from Mark 10:46-52 that Jesus sent people to the outsiders and sufferers along
the road to call them to Him. His aim is to save them that they may join and serve Him
and others.
In Chapter 6 this study reaches its conclusion. God had according to the Gospel of Mark
a specific purpose with the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation. Through
His word proclamation Jesus reveals the will of His Father who sent Him to earth. This
message of the Kingdom of God is a message of hope. Through His deed proclamation
Jesus brings salvation to many people. The life of Jesus was a life of humble, sacrificing
and loving service. His service makes their service possible. He calls all His followers to
serve God until! He comes again. Every believer is a follower of Jesus and part of the
missionary church as fishers of men. Each believer is sent out in the world with the
sacrificing love of Jesus to serve God, fellow believers, his fellow man especially the
least ones and those who suffer. Leaders and followers should live according to the
same principle: Follow Jesus by serving God and your fellow man. Every follower is a
servant not only at the feet of the least ones and those who suffer, but also at the feet of
the greatest Servant and our Supreme God.Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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Greef, F. C. "'n Ondersoek na die oorsake vir die gaping tussen strategiese rigting en maatskappyresultate by APL Cartons (Pty) Ltd, en die ontwikkeling van 'n bestuursmodel waarmee die gaping deur middel van projekbestuurs- en strategiese bestuursbeginsels oorbrug kan word." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5026.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since packaging materials comprise a substantial percentage, namely 35% of the entire input cost on a fruit farm, the four largest fruit producers in the Western Cape decided in 1988 to erect their own corrugated cardboard plant at Worcester, namely A P L Cartons. The driving force of the company is to minimise the longterm input cost of packaging material in a sustainable manner. Therefore cost effectiveness and competitiveness had to be a distinct characteristic of the company. The company's corporate strategy is aimed at strong growth by means of a best value strategy that adds to the value of clients' products and production processes. Despite a well formulated strategy, it has been found that key targets are not met according to expected standards. While profitability, productivity, cost effectiveness and the workers' moral are on the decline, there is a constant rising in downtime, quality rejections and waste at the plant. The problem is further complicated when one takes into account that the company still succeeds in maintaining its specific growth performances. Yet, this take place at the expense of effectiveness in the plant. A literature study will be conducted to establish the general causes for strategic gaps at companies. Against this background the reasons for the gap between the strategic direction and the company results at A P L Cartons will be identified. A literature study will also be conducted to determine the project management and strategic management approach to goal achievement. This will be developed into a management model for bridging the strategic gap at A P L Cartons. An investigation into companies that have experienced project failures revealed two main causes, namely that such companies: a) Don't have a framework for projects; or b) Don't have a distinct strategic direction. Therefore strategic, as well as project managers must act as facilitators who rely on delegating and co-ordinating in order to create conditions for performance instead of failure. From the study it appeared that the main reasons for strategic gaps at A P L Cartons are the following, namely : a) Although a definite strategic direction has been formulated, the company does not have a proper framework for the implementation of its strategy, projects and initiatives. b) Functional managers do not contribute on a cross-functional basis to the training and development of skills lacking in other departments. c) The development of functional and competitive strategies don't go further merely than their formulation. Therefore they can't support the implementation of corporate strategy. d) Senior management is too intent on operational detail, so much so that a helicopter like vision of a strategic direction and its implementation mostly is lacking. e) There doesn't exist a procedure for the identification, handling and managing of critical issues for strategy implementation. The study suggests two related tools for the handling of critical matters, namely a critical issue management form and a critical issue register. This forms part of a management tool that can be utilised alongside a management model and management framework, especially developed for A P L Cartons to strive for reaching strategic goals. The framework was developed after discovering that both strategy and projects can be managed within the same framework of reference since both share the same origin and substructure. The origin is found in corporate objectives, while a directional value system provides its substructure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aangesien pakmateriaal 'n wesenlike gedeelte, naam1ik 35 persent van totale boerdery insetkoste in die vrugtebedryf beslaan, het die vier grootste vrugteprodusente in die Wes-Kaap in 1988 besluit om hul eie riffelkarton vervaardigingsaanleg, naamlik A P L Cartons te Worcester op te rig. Die dryfkrag van die maatskappy is om pakmateriaal insetkoste oor die langtermyn handhaafbaar te minimiseer. Daarom moes kostedoeltreffendheid en mededingendheid 'n onderskeidende kenmerk van die maatskappy wees. Die korporatiewe strategie van die maatskappy is ingestel op versnelde groei by wyse van 'n waarde-strategie wat waardetoevoegend tot kliente se produkte en produksieprosesse is. Ondanks 'n goed geformuleerde strategie, word gevind dat sleuteldoelstellings nie teen verwagte standaarde bereik word nie. Terwyl winsgewendheid, produktiwiteit, kostedoeltreffendheid en werknemermoraal afneem, styg staantye, kwaliteitsafkeurings en afval in die aanleg. Die probleemstelling word verder gekompliseer indien in ag geneem word dat die maatskappy steeds daarin slaag om sy reele groeiprestasie voort te sit. Dit vind egter plaas ten koste van doelmatigheid in die aanleg. Daar sal op 'n literatuurstudie staatgemaak word om die algemene oorsake van strategiese gapings by ondernemings vas te stel. Teen die agtergrond sal die oorsake vir die gaping tussen die strategiese rigting en maatskappyresultate van A P L Cartons identifiseer word. 'n Verdere literatuurstudie sal onderneem word om vas te stel wat onderskeidelik die projekbestuursbenadering en strategiese bestuursbenadering tot doelwitbereiking is. Daaruit sal 'n bestuursmodel vir die oorbrugging van die strategiese gaping by A P L Cartons ontwikkel word. 'n Ondersoek na projekmislukkings by maatskappye identifiseer twee hoof-oorsake daarvoor, naamlik dat sulke maatskappye : a) Nie oor 'n raamwerk vir projekte beskik nie; of b) Nie oor 'n duidelike strategiese rigting beskik nie. Daarom moet strategiese en projekbestuurders optree as fasiliteerders wat staatmaak op delegering en koordinering om die omstandighede te skep vir prestasie pleks van mislukking. Uit die ondersoek is vasgestel dat die hoof-oorsake vir strategiese gapings by A P L Cartons die volgende is, naamlik : a) Alhoewel 'n duidelike strategiese rigting geformuleer is, beskik die maatskappy nie oor 'n raamweek vir die implementering van strategie, projekte en inisiatiewe nie. b) Funksionele bestuurders dra nie kruisfunksioneel by tot die opleiding en ontwikkeling van vaardighede wat in ander departemente ontbreek nie. c) Funksionele en mededingende strategiee word nie verder as die formulering daarvan ontwikkel nie. Gevolglik rugsteun dit nie die korporatiewe strategie tot implementering nie. d) Senior bestuur is te ingegrawe in operasionele detail, sodat 'n helikoptervisie oor strategiese rigting en implementering meestal ontbreek. e) Daar bestaan nie 'n werkswyse vir die identifisering, hantering en bestuur van kritiese kwessies vir strategie-implementering nie. Die ondersoek stel twee instrumente wat met mekaar verband hou voor vir die hantering van kritieke kwessies naamlik 'n kritieke kwessie bestuursvorm en 'n kritieke kwessie register. Dit vorm 'n bestuursinstrument wat saam met 'n bestuursmodel en -raamwerk, wat vir A P L Cartons ontwikkel is, gebruik kan word om strategiese doelwitbereiking na te streef. Die raamwerk is ontwikkel nadat vasgestel is dat strategie en projekte binne dieselfde verwysingsraamwerk bestuur kan word, omdat beide dieselfde oorsprong en onderbou deel. Die oorsprong word gevind by korporatiewe doelstellings, terwyl 'n rigtinggewende waardestelsel die onderbou daarvoor verleen.
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Arnstadt, Tobias. "Die Rolle oxidativer Pilzenzyme für die Totholzzersetzung und die Zersetzungsdynamik von Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies und Pinus sylvestris." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-225002.
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In Waldökosystemen ist Totholz von zentraler Bedeutung, indem es zahlreichen Organismen einen Lebensraum bietet oder als Substrat dient, Bestandteil des Kohlenstoff- und Nährstoffkreislaufs ist sowie als ein wichtiges strukturelles Element fungiert. Für seine Zersetzung ist die Überwindung der Ligninbarriere von besonderer Bedeutung. Dazu sind lediglich saprobionte Pilze aus den Phyla der Basidiomycota und Ascomycota in der Lage, die verschiedene Strategien – die Fäuletypen – entwickelt haben, um Lignin abzubauen oder zu modifizieren und somit Zugang zu den vom Lignin inkrustierten Polysachariden (Zellulose und Hemizellulosen) zu erhalten. Eine besondere Rolle spielen dabei Weißfäulepilze, die mit ihren extrazellulären oxidativen Enzymen, wie Laccasen und verschiedenen Peroxidasen, Lignin komplett bis zum Kohlendioxid (CO2) mineralisieren. Trotz der Bedeutung des Ligninabbaus für die Totholzzersetzung sind extrazelluläre oxidative Enzyme im natürlichen Totholz kaum erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Rolle der oxidativen Enzyme für die Totholzzersetzung unter Realbedingungen zu verifizieren, ihre räumlichen und zeitlichen Muster zu beschreiben und ihre Abhängigkeiten von verschiedenen Totholzvariablen sowie der pilzlichen Artengemeinschaft in und auf Totholz zu ermitteln. Weiter wurde die Veränderung der Totholzvariablen über den Zersetzungsprozess für unterschiedliche Baumarten vergleichend beschrieben und der Einfluss der Waldbewirtschaftung auf den Prozess untersucht. Dazu wurden 197 natürliche Totholzstämme (coarse woody debris, CWD) von Fagus sylvatica (Rotbuche), Picea abies (Gemeine Fichte) und Pinus sylvestris (Gemeine Kiefer) in unterschiedlich stark bewirtschafteten Wäldern in Deutschland untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 735 Proben genommen und darin die Aktivität von Laccase (Lacc), Genereller Peroxidase (GenP) und Mangan-Peroxidase (MnP) gemessen. Weiterhin wurden Variablen wie Dichte, Wassergehalt, pH-Wert, wasserlösliche Ligninfragmente, die Gehalte an Lignin und Extraktiven sowie an Nährstoffen und Metallen (N, Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn und Zn) ermittelt. Die pilzliche Artengemeinschaft wurde anhand genetischer Fingerprints (F-ARISA) und mittels Fruchtkörperkartierung erfasst. In 79 % der untersuchten Totholzproben wurden oxidative Enzymaktivitäten festgestellt. Sie waren hoch variabel über den Zersetzungsverlauf sowie in Bezug auf die Probenahmepositionen innerhalb der einzelnen Stämme. Generell waren die Aktivitäten im F.-sylvatica-Totholz höher als im Koniferentotholz. Lineare und logistische Modelle zeigten, dass die pilzliche Artengemeinschaft, gefollgt von den wasserlöslichen Ligninfragmenten, die wichtigste Einflussgröße hinsichtlich der oxidativen Enzyme war. Ein saurer pH-Wert unterstützte die Funktion von Lacc und MnP; Mangan, Eisen und Kupfer waren in ausreichenden Konzentrationen vorhanden, um die Funktion und Bildung der Enzyme zu gewährleisten. Die holzabbauenden Pilze erwiesen sich als optimal an das niedrige Stickstoffangebot im Totholz angepasst, sodass ein erhöhter Stickstoffeintrag über zwei Jahre die oxidativen Enzymaktivitäten nicht weiter beeinflusste. Der pH-Wert sowie die Gehalte an Lignin, Extraktiven und Nährstoffen waren im Vergleich der drei Baumarten signifikant verschieden, obwohl die zeitlichen Veränderungen der Variablen über den Zersetzungsprozess vergleichbar waren. Die Anzahl operativer taxonomischer Einheiten (OTUs ~ molekulare Artenzahl) nahm im Verlauf der Holzzersetzung zu, während die Zahl fruktifizierender Arten für mittlere Zersetzungsgrade am höchsten war. Beide Artenzahlen nahmen zusammen mit dem Stammvolumen zu. Die Weißfäulepilze dominierten über den gesamten Zersetzungsprozess die fruchtkörperbasierte Artenzahl aller drei Baumarten, was mit dem Vorhandensein oxidativer Enzymaktivitäten einhergeht. Generell nahmen der massebezogene Gehalt des Lignins, der Extraktive und der Nährstoffe über die Zersetzung zu, während der volumenbezogene Gehalt abnahm. Der pH-Wert im Holz aller drei Baumarten sank kontinuierlich im Verlauf der Zersetzung. Eine Erhöhung der Waldbewirtschaftungsintensität hatte einen negativen Effekt auf das Stammvolumen und darüber vermittelt auf die Zahl fruktifizierender Pilzarten, jedoch kaum auf andere untersuchte Totholzvariablen. Aufgrund des häufigen Vorkommens von Weißfäulepilzen, der gleichzeitigen Präsenz oxidativer Enzymaktivitäten und des substanziellen Ligninabbaus kann auf eine fundamentale Bedeutung von Laccasen und Peroxidasen für die Zersetzung des Totholzes geschlossen werden. Nicht zuletzt die charakteristische Molekularmassenverteilung der wasserlöslichen Ligninfragmente deutete darauf hin, dass die Mn-oxidierenden Peroxidasen (MnPs) die dominierenden oxidativen Enzyme des Ligninabbaus sind. Das hoch variable Muster der oxidativen Enzymaktivitäten ist jedoch das Resultat eines komplexen Zusammenspiels der Holzeigenschaften und der pilzlichen Artengemeinschaft. Die dabei bestehenden funktionellen Abhängigkeiten müssen weiter im Detail in zukünftigen Studien analysiert und aufgeklärt werdenIn forest ecosystems, deadwood is an important component that provides habitat and substrate for numerous organisms, contributes to the carbon and nutrient cycle as well as serves as a structural element. Overcoming the lignin barrier is a key process in deadwood degradation. Only specialized saprotrophic fungi of the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota developed different strategies – the rot types – to degrade lignin or to modify it in way, which allows them to get access to the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) that are incrusted within the lignocellulosic complex. In this context, basidiomycetous white rot fungi secreting oxidative enzymes (especially laccases and peroxidases) are of particular importance, since they are the only organisms that are able to substantially mineralize lignin to carbon dioxide (CO2). Although lignin degradation is such an important process for deadwood degradation, oxidative enzyme activities have been only poorly studied under natural conditions in deadwood. The aim of this work was to verify the importance of oxidative enzymes for deadwood degradation in the field, to describe their temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence and to identify dependencies from deadwood variables as well as from the fungal community within and on deadwood. Furthermore, the changes of different deadwood variables were studied over the whole period of degradation and compared among three tree species. Last but not least, the influence of forest management intensity on the process of deadwood degradation was evaluated. Therefor, 197 logs of naturally occurring deadwood (coarse woody debris, CWD) of Fagus sylvatica (European beech), Picea abies (Norway spruce) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) were monitored and sampled in forests with different management regimes across three regions in Germany. A total of 735 samples were taken from the logs and analyzed regarding activities of laccase (Lacc), general peroxidase (GenP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). Wood density, water content, content of lignin and extractives as well as of nutrients and metals (N, Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn und Zn) were determined in the samples, too. The fungal community was assessed based on sporocarps (fruiting bodies) and molecular fingerprints (F-ARISA). Oxidative enzyme activities were present in 79 % of all samples. The activities were found to be highly variable both regarding the time course of degradation and their distribution within the logs. Activities were generally higher in wood samples of F. sylvatica than in samples of conifers. Linear and logistic models revealed that the fungal community structure was the most important determinant for oxidative enzyme activities in the samples, followed by the amount of water-soluble lignin fragments. Moreover, the prevalent acidic pH determined in deadwood was suitable to facilitate the function of laccase and peroxidases. Concentrations of metals (manganese, copper, iron) were sufficient to ensure synthesis and functioning of the enzymes. Deadwood-dwelling fungi turned out to be well adapted to low nitrogen concentrations and thus, an elevated nitrogen deposition over a period of two years did not affect the oxidative enzyme activities. The pH as well as the content of lignin, extractives and nutrients significantly differed among the tree species; however, their trend over the course of degradation was rather similar. Molecular species richness (determined by F-ARISA as OTUs) increased over the whole course of degradation, while the number of fruiting species was highest in the intermediate stage of degradation. Both types of species richness increased with increasing volume of the CWD logs. Over the entire degradation period, white rot fungi – based on the identification of sporocarps – were the most abundant group of wood rot fungi in and on all three tree species. This corresponds well with the overall presence of oxidative enzyme activities. During degradation, the mass-related content of lignin, extractives and nutrients frequently increased, although the volume-related content decreased. The pH of all three tree species decreased in deadwood over the whole period of degradation. Higher forest management intensity had a negative effect on the log volume of deadwood and in consequence on fungal species richness (fruiting bodies), but hardly to other analyzed variables. Based on the widespread occurrence of white rot fungi, the concomitant presence of oxidative enzyme activities as well as the substantial loss of lignin, it can be concluded that laccases and peroxidases are highly relevant for deadwood decomposition. Not least, the detected characteristic molecular size distribution of water-soluble lignin fragments points to a key role of Mn oxidizing peroxidases (MnPs) in enzymatic lignin degradation. The variable patterns of oxidative enzymes observed in wood samples is therefore the result of a complex array of wood variables and the fungal community structure, which will have to be resolved in more detail in future studies
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Breinig, Lorenz [Verfasser], and Gero [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "CT log scanning for sawing optimization with regard to the aesthetic quality of wood = CT-Aufnahmen von Rundholz für die Einschnittoptimierung im Hinblick auf die ästhetische Qualität von Holz." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1115861689/34.
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Steyn, Cornelius Stephanus. "Persoonlikheidstyle by erediensgangers 'n prakties-teologiese ondersoek na die uitdagings wat aan die liturg gestel word om erediensgangers van alle MBTI® persoonlikheidstyle effektief in eredienste te kan aanspreek /." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052008-124000/.
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Esterhuyzen, T. J. (Theunis Jacobus). "n Ondersoek na waarom konstruksieprojekte van munisipale dienste dikwels laat voltooi word, alhoewel dit met behulp van die beskikbare tegnieke geskeduleer is." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51854.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.Page 62 of digitised copy may appear cut off and pages 63-64 missing due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Modern management planning and control systems dates back to World War I in 1915. The development of the bar chart during that time by Henry L. Gantt was a drastic improvement on previous methods. The size, complexity and risks associated with modern technical sophisticated projects has required the development of new methods. This led to the development of the critical path method which was developed in the United States of America during the period 1956 to 1958. Since then various methods have been developed with the aim of meeting special requirements. The extent of achieving success for construction projects, varies drastically according to the application of project scheduling techniques. This statement is confirmed by various studies conducted in an attempt to analyse the scheduling and controlling of construction projects, but due to the complexity of the time-cost-problem which is coupled to construction projects, problems are still being experienced with the successful or timeous completion of construction projects. Regarding the problems being experienced to complete construction projects timeously, this investigation will attempt to find underlying reasons for these problems and to determine proper solutions. This investigation will therefore focus on the reasons why deviations from the schedules occur so frequently, and what can possibly be done to prevent it. From the aforementioned the following can be concluded: An investigation into the reasons why construction projects making use of municipal services are often completed late, although it was scheduled with the help of network techniques. The procedure that was followed for the investigation was firstly the formulation of goals and study area. Thereafter a literature study was done that covered the following aspects of the study: • background of project management, network techniques, time and cost management; • identification of factors that could possibly contribute to the late completion of construction projects; • description of factors in terms of the following: definition and meaning of factors in context of project management; possible reasons why it occurs; consequences in the event of it occurring; possible solutions. Further follows the gathering, processing, analysing of the data and finally the conclusion and summary. With reference to this data, table i contains a list of factors that can possibly lead to the late completion of construction projects. All the factors that, according to the study, have a real contribution to the late completion of construction projects, are marked with an X in the remarks column of table i. When a project is thus initiated, it would be advisable to take note of the possible influences that the factors marked X in the remarks column of table i could have. This information is applicable to all projects in the study area irrespective of its characteristics. This information is also processed further so that conclusions can be drawn for projects with certain characteristics. This study shows that the average additional costs incurred for the late completion of a project are between 13,2 percent and 18,9 percent of the tender price, depending on the extent of the project. By focusing on critical factors, significant sums of money can thus be saved. The writer is of the opinion that the goals of the study regarding the actual subject were achieved. The results are highly applicable to the realities in practice and implementation thereof can certainly have significant results. Considering that no previous studies have been done on this subject, the focus of the study was wider than expected because the unknown is so much greater. With the study completed, further studies can now focus on the relevant aspects of the subject. This should lead to the refining of the aspects, resulting in a more practical implementation of the results.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Moderne bestuursbeplanning en kontrolestelsels dateer sedert die Eerste Wêreldoorlog vanaf 1915. Henry L. Gantt het in dié tyd die strepieskaart ontwikkel, wat 'n drastiese verbetering op vorige metodes was. Die grootte, kompleksiteit en risiko's wat geassosieer word met hedendaagse, tegnies gesofistikeerde projekte, het vereis dat nuwe metodes ontwikkel moes word. Dit het gelei tot die ontwikkeling van die kritiekepad- metode, wat gedurende die tydperk 1956 tot 1958 in die Verenigde State van Amerika ontwikkel is. Sedertdien is verskeie metodes ontwikkel wat daarop gemik is om spesifieke behoeftes aan te spreek. Die mate van tydige voltooiing van konstruksieprojekte varieer drasties na gelang van die toepassing van projekskeduleringstegnieke. Hierdie stelling word bevestig deur verskeie studies wat geloods is om die skedulering en kontrolering van konstruksieprojekte te ontleed, maar vanweë :die komplekse tyd-koste-probleem wat gepaard gaan met konstruksieprojekte, word nog steeds probleme ondervind met die suksesvolle of tydige voltooiing van konstruksieprojekte. Met verwysing na die probleme wat ondervind word om konstruksieprojekte tydig te voltooi, gaan daar met dié ondersoek gepoog word om onderliggende redes daarvoor te soek en oplossings aan -,--..::.:.~.:.:" die hand te doen. Die ondersoek gaan dus-fokus op die redes waarom daar dikwels afgewyk word van skedules, en wat gedoen kan word om die afwykings te voorkom. Vandaar dan die onderwerp, wat as volg lui: 'n Ondersoek na die redes waarom konstruksieprojekte van munisipale dienste in baie gevalle laat voltooi word, alhoewel dit met behulp van netwerktegnieke geskeduleer is. Die prosedure wat gevolg is met die ondersoek, is eerstens die formulering van die doelwitte en studiegebied. Daarna volg 'n literatuurstudie, wat die volgende aspekte van die studie hanteer: • agtergrond van projekbestuur, netwerktegnieke en die bestuur van tyd en koste; • identifisering van faktore wat moontlik kan bydra tot die laat voltooiing van konstruksieprojekte; • beskrywing van die faktore in terme van die volgende: definisie en betekenis van faktor in konteks van projekbestuur; moontlike redes waarom dit voorkom; gevolge indien dit sou voorkom; moontlike oplossings. Verder volg die insameling, verwerking en analisering van die data en laastens die gevolgtrekkings en samevatting. Met verwysing na die data, toon Tabel ii 'n lys van die faktore wat geïdentifiseer is wat moontlik kan bydra tot die laat voltooiing van konstruksieprojekte. Alle faktore wat volgens die studie 'n wesenlike bydrae lewer tot die laat voltooiing van konstruksieprojekte, is in die opmerkingskolom van Tabel ii met 'n X gemerk. Wanneer 'n projek van stapel gestuur word, sal dit raadsaam wees om ag te slaan op die moontlike invloed van die faktore wat gemerk is met In X in die opmerkingskolom van Tabel ii. Die inligting is van toepassing op alle projekte in die studiegebied, ongeag die kenmerke van die projekte. Die inligting is ook verder verwerk sodat gevolgtrekkings gemaak kan word vir projekte met sekere kenmerke. Die studie toon aan dat die gemiddelde addisionele kostes as gevolg van die laat voltooiing van 'n projek, tussen 13,2 persent en 18,9 persent van die tenderbedrag beloop, afhangende van die omvang van die projek. Deur dus te fokus op die kritieke faktore, kan aansienlike bedrae geld bespaar word. Die skrywer is van mening dat die doelwitte van die studie aangaande dié aktuele onderwerp bereik is. Die resultate is hoogs van toepassing op die realiteite in die praktyk, en die toepassing daarvan kan beslis noemenswaardige resultate tot gevolg hê. Aangesien daar nie voorheen studies gedoen is oor die onderwerp nie, was die fokus van die studie breër as wat verwag is, omdat die onbekende soveel groter is. Met die studie voltooi, kan daar nou deur verdere studies gefokus word op die relevante aspekte van die onderwerp. Dit behoort te lei tot 'n verfyning van die aspekte, en gevolglik 'n meer praktiese toepassing van die resultate.
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Schmidt, Pieter, Siegfried Lewark, Jiří Remeš, and Norbert Weber. "Forests for University Education: Examples and Experiences: Proceedings of the SILVA Network Conference, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33621.
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Forests play a crucial role in preserving terrestrial biodiversity, producing renewable raw materials, and in reducing the scale and impact of climate change. Proper forest management is therefore crucial for today's society.
For these reasons, forestry education is no less important because its aim is to educate highly qualified professionals capable of meeting current challenges. Forestry education has already had a relatively rich history, in many European countries over 100, even 200 years.
A very important role in forestry education has always been played by the forest itself, which has been the place of teaching and the largest research laboratory. However, given the rapid advances in science and technology development, it is necessary to redefine the place and importance of the forest for university forestry education at present.
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Becker, Jörg. "Basten, Ludger, Postmoderner Urbanismus : Gestaltung in der städtischen Peripherie; sowie: Wood, Gerald, Die Wahrnehmung städtischen Wandels in der Postmoderne / [rezensiert von] Jörg Becker." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3126/.
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Rezensiertes Werk:
Basten, Ludger: Postmoderner Urbanismus : Gestaltung in der städtischen Peripherie / Ludger Basten. - Münster : LIT, 2005. - X, 363 S. : Ill. - (
Schriften des Arbeitskreises Stadtzukünfte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geographie ; 1)
Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2005
ISBN 3-8258-8902-5
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Vorster, Martie Adriana. "Probleme wat ondervind word by die onderrig van Afrikaans as tweede taal by 'n LSEN-skool in Johannesburg : 'n gevallestudie van Hope-skool." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3345.
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Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.When teaching Afrikaans Second Language the educator experiences certain problems. Some of these problems are commonly experienced by all Afrikaans educators. However, when teaching the subject at a LSEN school, a number of other problems occur which stand in direct relation to the disability(ies) of the learner. Formerly LSEN schools used to specialise in a specific disability but now all these schools have to accommodate most disablities, not only because of numbers but also because of the new inclusion policy. At a LSEN school where the same syllabus as all the other mainstream schools is followed, the demands made on both the learner, as well as the educator, are severe because of added problems. The learner’s problems are mostly related to his disability and the educator has to find ways and means to overcome the problem of accommodating and teaching learners with different needs and different disabilities in one class.
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Conradie, Renee Elsie. "’n Ontleding van die die konsep ‘liminaliteit’ soos dit vergestalt word met betrekking tot hoofkarakters in: ’n Ander land deur Karel Schoeman ; Die son kom aan die seekant op deur Jeanette Ferreira ; Lang skaduwees in Afrika deur Connie Luyt en Paul Roux (ongepubliseerd) deur Renée Rautenbach (Afrikaans)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26265.
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Die doel van die navorsing is om vas te stel of liminale prosesse, drumpeloorgange en transformasie deur die verskuiwing van sosiogeografiese omgewing teweeggebring word. Vir die terreinverkenning van die term liminaliteit word gebruik gemaak van die teorië van antropoloë Arnold van Gennep en Victor Turner en word getoon dat die term liminaliteit al hoe meer vryelik in velde buite die antropologie gebruik word. Die toepasbaarheid van die drie fases (pre-liminaire, liminaire en post-liminaire) van die rites de passage en die heropname in die communitas word met betrekking tot die letterkunde toegelig. Die ondersoek van die konsep liminaliteit word ten opsigte van literêre karakters gedoen aan die hand van die oorsake en dryfvere wat tot liminale prosesse lei, asook die uitwerking van daardie prosesse op die geestelike instelling van die verskillende hoofkarakters in die romans ’n Ander land van Karel Schoeman, Die son kom aan die seekant op van Jeanette Ferreira, Lang skaduwees in Afrika van Connie Luyt en die ongepubliseerde roman Paul Roux van die kandidaat self. Die verskillende elemente (dryfvere, karakterisering, milieus, drumpeloorgange en transformasies) wat tot liminale situasies bydra, word behandel. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die verskillende elemente dui op die roete wat na die rites de passage toe kan lei. Navorsingsartikels en essays wat die tussenruimtes en oorskryding van grense in verskillende publikasies bespreek, word gebruik om die ondersoek toe te lig. Besprekings van Louise Viljoen (Woordwerk van Breyten Breytenbach), Adéle Nel (Lykdigte en Ruggespraak van Joan Hambidge), Heilna du Plooy (Niggie van Ingrid Winterbach), Dorothea van Zyl (Vaselinetjie van Anoeschka von Meck), Marlies Taljaard (Kleur kom nooit alleen nie van Antjie Krog) is hiervoor aangewend. Daar word ook na ekspat-literatuur soos dié van Laurens van der Post, Breyten Breytenbach en Gérard Rudolf verwys. Dit is ’n vrugbare tegniek om literêre karakters vanuit Van Gennep en Turner se teorieë te ontleed. Soos wat die konsep liminaliteit toenemend gebruik en toegepas word, sal dit ook meer in die literatuur aangewend word, veral in die werk van ekspatskrywers. Wat hierdie bevindings betref, kan ’n mens begin gis oor die Afrikaanse diaspora-letterkunde wat ’n nuwe communitas vir drumpelfigure geskep het. Die gemeenskaplike kreatiewe energie in hierdie liminale sone kan as bewusmaking dien en sodoende verandering teweegbring. ENGLISH : The purpose of the research is to determine whether liminal processes, threshold crossings or transformation can be brought about by the changing of socio-geographical environment. For the exploration of the term liminality the theories of anthropologists Arnold Van Gennep en Victor Turner are used and it is shown that the term is increasingly used in other fields. The applicability of the three phases (preliminaire, liminaire and post-liminaire) of the rites de passage and the reentering of the structural realm, the communitas, is enlightened with the help of literature. The analysis of the concept liminality regarding these literary characters is done by causes and motivations that lead to liminal processes, as well as the effect of those processes on the spiritual/mental inclination of the characters in the novels ’n Ander land by Karel Schoeman, Die son kom aan die seekant op by Jeanette Ferreira, Lang skaduwees in Afrika by Connie Luyt and the candidate’s unpublished novel Paul Roux. Different elements (motivation, characteristics, milieu, thresholds and transformation) that lead to liminal phases, are discussed. It was found that the different elements indicate the route leading to the rites de passage. Applicable essays and articles regarding the liminal phases and transgression of borders in different publications are explored to explain the analysis. Research articles and essays focusing on the phases leading to the rites de passage used for this analysis are those by Louise Viljoen (Woordwerk of Breyten Breytenbach), Adéle Nel (Lykdigte en Ruggespraak of Joan Hambidge), Heilna du Plooy (Niggie by Ingrid Winterbach), Dorothea van Zyl (Vaselinetjie by Anoeschka von Meck) and Marlies Taljaard (Kleur kom nooit alleen nie by Antjie Krog). Reference is also made to the ex-pat literature of Laurens van der Post, Breyten Breytenbach and Gérard Rudolf. Applying Van Gennep and Turner’s theories for the analysis of literary characters is fruitful. As the concept liminality is used and applied increasingly, it will become more relevant in literature, especially in the work of expat writers. Regarding the findings, one can speculate about the ‘diaspora’ literature in Afrikaans that created a new communitas for threshold figures. The communal creative energy in this liminal zone can be effective as to an awakening that can bring about change.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Afrikaans
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Andersson, Elise. "In Varying Shades of Brown : Searching the colourful past of a 18th century masterpiece." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Carl Malmsten - furniture studies, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79178.
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The colourful past of the late 18th century marquetry furniture has seldom been highlighted. Through ageing and environmental influences, colourful marquetry furniture has lost their original expression. The current knowledge of how Swedish cabinet-makers in the late 18th century used dyes to colour their furniture is limited. Trace of colour has been observed and the use of dyes has been mentioned, but deeper research in this filed is missing. A visual examination and studies of archive documents and previous research have been performed to investigate the colourful past of Gottlieb Iwerssons masterpiece, a secretaire in Gustavian style made for the king Gustav III. The result shows that the secretaire has a colourful past in accordance with its original drawing. A hypothetical picture has been created to illustrate the colourful original appearance.
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Olsson, Dan. "„Davon sagen die Herren kein Wort“ : Zum pädagogischen, grammatischen und dialektologischen Schaffen Max Wilhelm Götzingers (1799–1856)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-20547.
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The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively describe and evaluate the linguistic work of the German grammarian and teacher Max Wilhelm Götzinger (1799–1856). Götzinger‘s work has been little considered in linguistics and historiography of linguistics apart from some articles mainly on his grammatical theory. The first editions of Anfangsgründe (1825) and Die Deutsche Sprachlehre für Schulen (1827), which up to now have been considered to be lost, could be retrieved and used for this study. Aspects of Götzinger‘s didactics and grammar can still today be re-garded as modern. In many respects his didactic ideas were opposed to the methods of teaching inspired by rationalist grammar and prevailing in the schools of his time. His own method is inductive and the aim of teach-ing was mainly to make pupils familiar with the structure of the German language. Götzinger‘s grammatical system was inspired by his experience as a teacher. The logical judgement and the subject-predicate concepts were replaced by a verb centred concept of syntax and Götzinger‘s system of word classes began with the verb instead of the noun. He did not regard correct thinking, which was the main purpose of rationalist grammar, but communication as the basic aim of the teaching of grammar. His notion of the verb as the centre of the clause has basic features in common with modern dependency theories introduced by Lucien Tesnière. Götzinger performed pioneering work in the field of dialectology and he is understood be the first to include a comprehensive description of the dialects of the German speaking countries Even if there also are good reasons to criticise many aspects of his work, e.g. indistinct terminology, inconsistency in sticking to his theory, and subjectivity in the description of the dialects, Götzinger‘s achieve-ment as to the state of the art of his time and also with regard to modern linguistics must be considered remarkable.
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Yeboah, Seth Kwasi. "An investigation of family/parent background and learning home environment on the academic performance of Std 8 pupils in the Northern Province." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23783.
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This thesis discusses how a variety of factors like socio-economic status and educational levels of family/parents affect Std 8 pupils' school performance in twelve selected secondary schools in Thohoyandou, Venda in the Northern Province. It further examines how parents motivate pupils to do well at school, and how the expectations of parents and other relatives as well as teachers as significant others contribute to the academic attainment of pupils.. It also focuses on the favourable conditions in the pupils' learning home environment such as availability of a private study-room, language used at home, adequacy of time for both relaxation and schoolwork, learning facilities, parental involvement and nutritional values that help in promoting and enhancing pupil school performance. Finally, the author provides some recommendations about how parents can actively involve themselves in their children's education. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie tesis bespreek die wyse waarop 'n aantal faktore, soos die sosioekonomiese status en die opvoedkundige peil van die familie/ouers, st. 8 leerlinge se skoolprestasies beinvloed in twaalf geselekteerde skole in Thohoyandou, Venda, in die Noordelike Provinsie. Dit ondersoek ook die wyse waarop ouers leerlinge motiveer om goed te doen op skoal, asook hoe dit wat betekenisvolle mense soos ouers, ooms, tantes en onderwysers van hulle verwag, bydra tot die bereik van die verlangde akademiese sukses van die leerlinge. Dit fokus ook op gunstige toestande in die leerling se tuisomgewing, byvoorbeeld die beskikbaarheid van 'n private studeerkamer, taalgebruik by die huis, genoeg tyd om te slaap en te eet, ontspanning en skoolwerk, leerfassiliteite, ouerlike betrokkenheid en die voedingsvlakke wat help om leerlinge se skoolprestasies aan te moedig en te verbeter. Ten laaste voorsien die outeur ook 'n paar voorstelle oor hoe ouers aktief betrokke kan raak by 'n leerling se opvoeding.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1997.
Sociology
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CHOUFFOT, STRUYCKEN BARBARA. "Contribution a l'etude des capacites de multiplication vegetative du shorea curtisii dyer ex king, diphterocarpaceae de malaisie." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13138.
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Surexploitee pour son bois, infeodee pour son developpement a une mycorhization, dependant d'une production de semences episodique et d'une germination aleatoire, shorea curtisii, incapable en outre de multiplication vegetative spontanee ou par les procedes traditionnels, est tres representatif des dipterocarpacees asiatiques menacees d'extinction rapide. Une mise au point d'un procede de micropropagation in vitro contribuerait a sauvegarder l'espece. L'observation, chez shorea curtisii, de galles epiphylles a organisation de bourgeon abortif suggerant une certaine aptitude des feuilles a la neoformation de meristemes caulinaires, privilegie celles-ci pour larecherche d'une methode de clonage in vitro (. . . )
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SMRŽOVÁ, Lenka. "Barvířské rostliny. Možnosti produkce rostlinných barviv." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45852.
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My thesis deals with dye plants and possibilities of their use. The first part contains classification of dye plants and history of their use. In the next part, there is a summary of dye plants and colors we can get from them. Methodology of coloring is also introduced. At the end, there are botanic parameters, environment needs and cultivation methods of eight selected dye plants. The thesis include database of dye plants in electronic form.
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Lai, Shiuo-Jing, and 賴秀菁. "Wood Dyed with Tea Extracts." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07132451887676022672.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
木材工業系
93
In this study, commercial green tea and black tea were used as raw materials to prepare tea extracts. Then, tea extracts were concentrated with an evaporator. Before the concentrated tea extracts were used as a natural dye for dyeing wood, the concentrate was reduced with distilled water to the consistency of 1, 2 and 3 % . Meanwhile, room temp. water dipping and boiled water cooking for 30 or 60 min. were two methods for dyeing and for mordanting. The dyeing effects of red oak, China fir, spruce and batu were measured and evaluated with K/S values on the surface of dyed wood which were dyed with two types of tea extracts（green tea or black tea）, with two types of mordants（CuSO4 or FeSO4）, with various dyeing sequence（pre-mordanting or post-mordanting）, with different consistency of tea extracts（1, 2 or 3 %）and mordant（1, 2.5 or 5 %）. The results show that K/S values of dyed wood by the boiling water cooking method were larger than that of the room temp. water dipping method, meanwhile, the longer the treating time, the higher the K/S values. The dyeing effect of K/S value of dyed wood by the post-mordanting method is higher than that of the pre-mordanting one. And the dyeing effect of K/S value of the mordant FeSO4 is better than that of the mordant CuSO4. As for the dyeing effect of K/S value of dyed wood by the green tea extracts is better than that of black tea. Meanwhile, the longer the treating time, the higher the dyeing effect of K/S values. As for the color difference of △E* value after QUV radiation of the four types of dyed wood mentioned above, △E* value of red oak is the smallest, China fir and batu were second, spruce is the largest.
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Wang, Hanchieh, and 王漢傑. "Formulation Study of Natural Semi-permanent hair Dye of Sappan Wood and Gromwell Root." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58971308798841641530.
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碩士樹德科技大學
應用設計研究所
93
According to France L’ OREAL Taiwan Branch’s investigation announced that the population in Taiwan had hair dyed habit was over 51% in 2001. However Taiwan R.O.C. (Bureau of and Drug Analysis) annual report in 2001 showed that commercialized hair dye contained phenylenediamine and amino phenol might cause skin sensitization. The medical magazine 2000 report also pointed out the derivative of the main composition coal tar of para-phenylenediamine, shown by animal's test, might cause the cancers of urinary system, liver, skin, mammary gland, stomach, thyroid gland or lymph system. Considering the hair dye usage safety of consumers, to develop natural and nonpoisonous hair dyes will be a major trend in the future. This study the investigated the formulations and application of two kinds of semi-permanent hair dyes, the commercialized fruit-acid hair dye and eight prepared formulations of hair dyes, pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, composed of buffer solutions and colors extracted from Gromwell Root and Sappan Wood. The results represent the average values of ΔE of nine dyed hair samples, colored by fruit-acid, Gromwell Root and Sappan Wood respectively, after eight times washing are 15.54, 10.01, 6.94, 5.82, 6.40, 4.85, 6.49, 13.18 and 16.87, respectively. As the results show the two natural color formulations get better stability on coloring. And as the values of hue a＊b＊ show the red color after hair dyed gets better performance when the Gromwell Root dye in the condition of pH 3 and pH 4 then it in pH 5 or pH 6. Besides, the red color after hair dyed also gets better performance when the Sappan Wood dye in the condition of pH 9 and pH 10 then it in pH 7 or pH 8. In the hair-stress experiments, the results show the loss in percentage of fiber stress of unit area of nine dyed hair samples, after eight times washing, is lower the average value of un-dyed. The highest values of anti-stress of three hair dyes, commercialized hair dye, Gromwell Root（pH 6）and Sappan Wood（pH 8）, are 15.49, 15.78 and 15.82（％）, respectively. The natural color Hair dyes in these experiments are under the rule of Department of Health in the test of trace metals. And there is not any allergy during the tests of hair color of twenty people.
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Bredenkamp, David Samuel Milne. "Enkrateia in die Pauliniese hoofbriewe." 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302003-101905.
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Le, Roux Stephanus Johannes. "Die ontwikkeling van beginsels waarvolgens die koste van 'n rekenaarorganisasie verhaal kan word." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9214.
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