Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wobble plate

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Wobble plate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wobble plate"

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Gent, A. N., T. T. Thompson, and R. D. Ramsier. "A “Wobble-Plate” Dynamic Test Device." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 4 (September 1, 2003): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547771.

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Abstract A simple dynamic tester is proposed, in which a disk of rubber is subjected to a rotating tilting deformation. In one arrangement, the rubber disk rests on a horizontal base and a light steel plate rests on its upper surface. A circular groove in the upper surface of the plate is centered on the axis of the rubber disk. An off-center vertical load is then applied to the rubber disk via a steel ball running in the circular groove. As the ball rolls round the groove, driven by friction with a rotating countersurface, the rubber disk undergoes a rotating off-center compression - a tilting deflection - that rotates at the same rate as the ball. If the rubber is perfectly elastic, no torque is required to maintain this motion and the deflection of the rubber will be exactly in phase with the compressive force. The maximum deflection then occurs at the location of the ball. However, if the rubber exhibits delayed elasticity, then the maximum deflection occurs after the ball has passed, at an angular separation δ, where δ is the angle of mechanical loss. Thus, the phase angle δ can be observed and measured directly. Also, if required, the separate components E′ and E″ of the complex dynamic modulus can be calculated from the applied force and deflection, and the torque required to maintain the motion.
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Jin, Jing, Zhen Shan Zhang, and Xin Xiong. "Vibration Analysis and Optimization of Wobble Plate Engine." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2267.

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The rigid-flexible system dynamic model of wobble plate engine was created by BUSH element and so on in ADAMS software. And stiffness optimized calculation of engine rubber isolator ring and spring was done by ADAMS optimized module. By comparing the time domain and frequency domain vibration response before optimization and after optimization, the feasibility of optimized method for decreasing engine vibration and changing system response frequency range was verified. This method could provide important reference for vibration dynamic model creating of engine or analogous mechanical system. Its conclusions also could provide reference for decreasing vibration study.
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Zhu, Yong Yong, and S. Y. Gao. "Optimization Research on Dynamic Balance of Spatial Engine under Limiting Shaking Moment." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.693.

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Dynamic balance of the spatial engine is researched. By considering the special wobble-plate engine as the model of spatial RRSSC linkages, design variables on the engine structure are confirmed based on the configuration characters and kinetic analysis of wobble-plate engine. In order to control the vibration of the engine frame and to decrease noise caused by the spatial engine, objective function is choosed as the dimensionless combinations of the various shaking forces and moments, the restriction condition of which presents limiting the percent of shaking moment. Then the optimization design is investigated by the mathematical model for dynamic balance. By use of the optimization design method to a type of wobble-plate engine, the optimization process as an example is demonstrated, it shows that the optimized design method benefits to control vibration and noise on the engines and improve the performance practically and theoretically.
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Tian, Changqing, Chunpeng Dou, Xianting Li, and Yunfei Liao. "Experimental investigation on the steady-state performance and piston stroke length control of a variable displacement wobble plate compressor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x5911.

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The aim of this paper is to find out the steady-state performance and piston-stroke-length control behaviour of a variable displacement wobble-plate compressor for an automotive air-conditioning system by experimental investigation. First, a new method and device to measure the piston stroke length of the variable displacement compressor has been developed, with which the test bench for the variable displacement compressor has been set up. Second, the steady-state performance of the variable displacement compressor, such as the relative volumetric efficiency and the relative isentropic efficiency at partial piston stroke length, has been obtained. The influence of the work condition and compressor rotary speed on the relative volumetric efficiency can be neglected according to the test data. Finally, the critical wobble-plate case pressure is proposed in this paper to judge whether the piston stroke length will change or not. The critical wobble-plate case pressure when the piston stroke length decreases is greater than that when the piston stroke length increases, which is less influenced by the piston stroke length itself from the test data. The higher the compressor discharge pressure or rotary speed, the greater the critical wobble-plate case pressure. The piston stroke length can be adjusted automatically along with the air-conditioning load when the compressor rotary speed or air conditioning load changes.
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Fang, Delei, Junhong Yang, Jianzhong Shang, Zhuo Wang, and Yong Feng. "A Novel Energy-Efficient Wobble Plate Hydraulic Joint for Mobile Robotic Manipulators." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112915.

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At present, mobile robotic manipulators have been greatly developed. However, these further promotions are limited by a low load capacity and short operation time. The above problems can be improved by using a hydraulic drive mode and increasing the system energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel energy-efficient wobble plate hydraulic joint is presented, which has the characteristics of having a small size, lightweight, large load capacity, and high energy efficiency. Based on the efficiency analysis in traditional robotic manipulators, this paper presents a novel hydraulic joint with a multi-chamber drive structure. Kinematics model and dynamics model are both established for the analysis of the mechanical characteristics, and the functional relationship between the input and output is depicted by numerical simulation. Based on the structural characteristics and control principle, the load matching controller is designed and specific control processes are formulated. Combined with a strategy of load matching, the servo control system is established and the energy-saving effect is verified by simulation. The result shows that the wobble plate hydraulic joint can change connections between a high-pressure circuit and different working chambers, which realizes the match between the output torque and load torque. With the load matching controller, the energy consumption of the wobble plate joint is greatly reduced, which contributes to a considerably improved energy efficiency. The research in this paper not only lays a theoretical foundation for the development of a wobble plate hydraulic joint, but also provides guidance for the improvement of the hydraulic system energy efficiency in mobile robotic manipulators.
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Yu, Z., and Ting W. Lee. "Kinematic Structural and Functional Analysis of Wobble-Plate Engines." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3260807.

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This paper concerns the development of a procedure for systematic searching for mechanisms, classifying them, and screening for the optimum mechanism structure for wobble-plate engines. It includes two parts. The first part is on kinematic structural analysis, including the development of a procedure for the structure classification of 150 mechanisms obtained as a result of an exhaustive search from the prior arts, as disclosed in nearly 1000 patents between 1874 and 1982, and other publications. The second part is on functional analysis, which screens for an optimum design based on a set of judgment criteria. Such optimization criteria are developed in this paper and applied to a group of representative mechanisms derived from the structure analysis. Recommendations such as design guidelines are presented. The general nature of the approach—following the method of separation of kinematic structure and function [1] and combining mathematical approach and design heuristics—is demonstrated here in the case of wobble-plate engine mechanisms and is believed to be useful in type synthesis and design of mechanisms of realistic complexity.
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Cuevas, Cristian, Eric Winandy, and Jean Lebrun. "Testing and modelling of an automotive wobble plate compressor." International Journal of Refrigeration 31, no. 3 (May 2008): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.07.008.

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Mazuro, Paweł, and Barbara Makarewicz. "The Potential of Wobble Plate Opposed Piston Axial Engines for Increased Efficiency." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 5598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215598.

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Recent announcements regarding the phase out of internal combustion engines indicate the need to make major changes in the automotive industry. Bearing in mind this innovation trend, the article proposes a new approach to the engine design. The aim of this paper is to shed a new light on the forgotten concept of axial engines with wobble plate mechanism. One of their most important advantages is the ease of use of the opposed piston layout, which has recently received much attention. Based on several years of research, the features determining the increase in mechanical efficiency, lower heat losses and the best scavenging efficiency were indicated. Thanks to the applied Variable Compression Ratio (VCR), Variable Angle Shift (VAS) and Variable Port Area (VPA) systems, the engine can operate on various fuels in each of the Spark Ignition (SI), Compression Ignition (CI) and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)/Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) modes. In order to quantify the potential of the proposed design, an initial research of the newest PAMAR 4 engine was presented to calculate the torque curve at low rotational speeds. The achieved torque of 500 Nm at 500 rpm is 65% greater than the maximum torque of the OM 651 engine of the same 1.8 L capacity. The findings lead to the conclusion that axial engines are wrongfully overlooked and can significantly improve research on new trends in pollutant elimination.
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Dou, Chunpeng, Xinjiang Yang, Changqing Tian, and Xianting Li. "Numerical Analysis on the Performance of Control Valve in Variable Displacement Wobble Plate Compressor." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1829725.

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The performance of control valve is analyzed in this paper in order to study characteristics of the variable displacement wobble plate compressor. The forces acting on the control valve are analyzed and the mathematical model to analyze its performance is developed. A test bench is set up to get the steady and dynamic performance of control valve. The steady-state performances predicted by the mathematical model agree well with the experimental data while the predicted dynamic performances agree with the experimental results qualitatively. With the mathematical model, the steady-state performances of the control valve with four different preset control points and three different effective areas of the evacuated bellows have been analyzed, and the dynamic behavior of one type control valve has been studied. It is shown that: (1) the suction pressure at preset control point is inversely proportional to the discharge pressure; (2) the larger the starting force of spring in control valve or the smaller the effective area of evacuated bellows, the larger the suction pressure at preset control point; and the larger the starting force of spring in control valve and the smaller the maximum opening of ball valve, the more quickly the crankcase pressure changes and the smaller mass flow rate of control valve; the slope ratio of crankcase pressure to suction pressure cannot be influenced by the starting force of spring in control valve but can be influenced by the effective area of evacuated bellows; (3) the transition time of the crankcase pressure is about 1 s and can be neglected when working condition changes.
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Tian, Changqing, Chunpeng Dou, Xinjiang Yang, and Xianting Li. "A mathematical model of variable displacement wobble plate compressor for automotive air conditioning system." Applied Thermal Engineering 24, no. 17-18 (December 2004): 2467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.04.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wobble plate"

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Löfstrand, Grip Rasmus. "A mechanical model of an axial piston machine." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Machine Design (Div.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10948.

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A mechanical model of an axial piston-type machine with a so-called wobble plate and Z-shaft mechanism is presented. The overall aim is to design and construct an oil-free piston expander demonstrator as a first step to realizing an advanced and compact small-scale steam engine system. The benefits of a small steam engine are negligible NOx emissions (due to continuous, low-temperature combustion), no gearbox needed, fuel flexibility (e.g., can run on biofuel and solar), high part-load efficiency, and low noise. Piston expanders, compared with turbines or clearance-sealed rotary displacement machines, have higher mechanical losses but lower leakage losses, much better part-load efficiency, and for many applications a more favourable (i.e., lower) speed. A piston expander is thus feasible for directly propelling small systems in the vehicular power range. An axial piston machine with minimized contact pressures and sliding velocities, and with properly selected construction materials for steam/water lubrication, should enable completely oil-free operation. An oil-free piston machine also has potential for other applications, for example, as a refrigerant (e.g., CO2) expander in a low-temperature Rankine cycle or as a refrigerant compressor.

 

An analytical rigid-body kinematics and inverse dynamics model of the machine is presented. The kinematical analysis generates the resulting motion of the integral parts of the machine, fully parameterized. Inverse dynamics is applied when the system motion is completely known, and the method yields required external and internal forces and torques. The analytical model made use of the “Sophia” plug-in developed by Lesser for the simple derivation of rotational matrices relating different coordinate systems and for vector differentiation. Numerical solutions were computed in MATLAB. The results indicate a large load bearing in the conical contact surface between the mechanism’s wobble plate and engine block. The lateral force between piston and cylinder is small compared with that of a comparable machine with a conventional crank mechanism.

 

This study aims to predict contact loads and sliding velocities in the component interfaces. Such data are needed for bearing and component dimensioning and for selecting materials and coatings. Predicted contact loads together with contact geometries can also be used as input for tribological rig testing. Results from the model have been used to dimension the integral parts, bearings and materials of a physical demonstrator of the super-critical steam expander application as well as in component design and concept studies.

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Kuo, Pi-Chen, and 郭珌賑. "Geometric Modeling and Analysis of Wobble Plate Type Compressor with Variable Capacity." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87566010352848345263.

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碩士
正修科技大學
機電工程研究所
94
The compressor plays an important role in the automotive air conditioning system. The components in the compressor have to be made with great precision and the tasks for producing are complicated. This thesis presents a systematic, computerized process to design and analysis the wobble plate type compressors with variable capacity. Firstly, in order to avoid patent infringement, the patent retrieval, collecting and classifying in accordance with the mechanism and the function are implemented. Based on the technology of reverse engineering and the CAD/CAM software, the geometric model and the assembly of the components are constructed. The interference check between the built components can be performed to provide the exactness in the design stage. Use the techniques of rapid prototyping build the prototype of the reciprocating compressors, so that the results of product design can be conformed. In addition, the kinematic model of the reciprocating mechanism is established by using homogeneous coordinate transformation. The mechanism simulation of a solid model was executed to verify the derived results. Through the presented method and technology, the design capability can be increased and the time-to-exploitation can be shortened efficiently.
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ZHANG, SHU-TING, and 張舒婷. "A study of influence on B&B breakfast wobble-plate design and customers’ experiencing well-being." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hu7kvr.

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碩士
輔仁大學
餐旅管理學系碩士班
106
This study takes the consumers who have lived in B&B in Taiwan in the past three years as the research object to discuss the influence of the plate presentation design of B&B breakfast on the customer's experiencing well-being. A total of 582 questionnaires and 400 valid questionnaires were issued. The recovery rate is 68.7%. The study questionnaire adopted the experimental design method to simulate the breakfast combination mode of different types of plate design, designed four types of breakfast with two types of breakfast (Chinese style and western style), dish presentation way (with plate presentation design or without plate presentation) and measured the customer's experiencing well-being. The scale to measure the experiencing well-being was designed through Delphi method. The research results show that the plate design of homestay breakfast has a positive impact on the experiencing well-being. Different breakfast types and dish presentation modes result in different experiencing well-being and the western breakfast with plate presentation design can enhance consumers' happiness. The study suggests that bed and breakfast can focus on breakfast as a marketing highlight, to attract more customers. It is expected that the above analysis results can provide reference for the industry.
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Books on the topic "Wobble plate"

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Wojtowycz, David. Wibble Wobble Jelly on a Plate (Little Orchard). Orchard Books, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wobble plate"

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Searle, Mike. "The Day the Earth Shook: The Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake 2004." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0018.

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At 00.58 GMT (7.58 local time) on Sunday, 26 December 2004 a massive earthquake occurred off the north-west coast of Sumatra. The earthquake measured between magnitude 9.0 and 9.3 on the Richter scale with its epicentre at 3.32oN, 95.85oE, and occurred at a depth of approximately 30 kilometres. It was the second largest earthquake recorded since instrumental records began and was the deadliest natural disaster in recorded history. The earthquake and the resulting tsunami are estimated to have killed at least 228,000 people across fifteen countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The worst affected countries were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Burma, the Maldives, and Somalia. The earthquake occurred on the subduction zone interface between the down-going Indian Ocean plate and the overriding Burma–Andaman–Sumatra plate. It ruptured approximately 1600 kilometres’ length of the plate boundary from Sumatra all the way north to the Burmese coast, travelling at 2–3 kilometres per second. Aftershocks continued unrelentingly for over four months after the earthquake, several reaching magnitude 7.5 as far north as the northern Andaman Islands. The seismic waves indicated a thrust fault earthquake that tilted the surface up to the south-west and down to the north-east. The ground surface was elevated as much as 11 metres at the epicentre, with the tilted surface sinking up to one metre further to the north-east, offshore Sumatra. During the rupture, the Burma plate slipped as much as 15 metres horizontally as the Indian Ocean plate slipped beneath. The force of the quake perceptibly shifted the Earth’s axis, raised sea level globally and speeded Earth’s rotation. It has been suggested that the earthquake shortened the length of the day by 2.68 microseconds, because of the decrease in oblateness of the Earth. The earthquake caused the Earth to wobble on its axis by up to 2.5 cm in the direction of 145o east longitude. The natural ‘Chandler wobble’, a small motion in the Earth’s axis of rotation (the motion that occurs when the spinning object is not a perfect sphere) can be up to 9 metres over 433 days, so this eventually offsets the comparatively minor wobble produced by the earthquake.
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Hirst, Megan, and Cathy Burnett. "Wibbly-Wobbly-Timey-Wimey." In Affect, Embodiment, and Place in Critical Literacy, 176–88. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429027840-18.

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Gallagher, Brendan R. "Afghanistan." In The Day After, 69–108. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739620.003.0003.

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This chapter delves into how Afghanistan postwar planning unfolded from September 2001 through March 2002. It does so by relying on a similar approach to that used in Chapter 1 – by analyzing the postwar planning that took place, how the Bush administration grappled with the three fundamental tasks, and why the planning unfolded in this way. While the Afghanistan planning had a few positive attributes, on the whole it had serious deficiencies and sidestepped crucial trade-offs. This wobbly foundation made a hard situation even harder, and increased the odds of a precarious outcome. A look at each of these aspects helps shed light on our troubled planning for postwar Afghanistan, why we came up short, and how we might have done better.
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Conference papers on the topic "Wobble plate"

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Hashimoto, K., Y. Matsumura, Y. Ichikawa, and K. Shimizu. "Wobble Plate Type Compressor NVH Reduction through Valve Plate Assembly Improvement." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960963.

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Yong-guang, Liu, and Guo Hui. "Motion Simulation and Dynamic Analysis of a Four-Cylinder Wobble-Plate Compressor." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mems.2012.21.

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Karnell, Samuel, Alessandro Dell'Amico, and Liselott Ericson. "Simulation and validation of a wobble plate pump with a focus on check valve dynamics." In 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gfps.2018.8472400.

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Hu, Simin, Xiaojun Xu, Lei Zhang, and Kun Yin. "Analysis of the Kinematics Characteristics of the Power Transmission Mechanism of a New Wobble Plate Engine." In 2017 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (CMAME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmame.2017.8540123.

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Jian-yong, QIAN, ZHANG Jun-hui, ZHANG Hun-yang, XIA Shi-qi, XU Bing, and YUE Yi-ming. "Structural Design of a Cross Wobble Plate Driving Axial Piston Pump based on ADAMS and AMESim Co-simulation." In 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics (FPM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpm45753.2019.9035868.

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Hauser, B. R. "The Application of Finite Element Methods in the Design of Cylinder Block Gaskets for the Wobble Plate Type Compressor." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900217.

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Doria, Alberto, and Luca Taraborrelli. "Identification of the Critical Stiffnesses of Motorcycles in Static and Dynamic Conditions." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59092.

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Stiffness of structural elements has a significant effect on the dynamics of single-track vehicles, because it influences the stability of the typical modes of this class of vehicles (weave and wobble). Up to date no specific method for measuring the critical stiffnesses of front fork, chassis and swingarm is universally recognized. This measurement is difficult chiefly for two reasons. When a structural element of a single-track vehicle is loaded at one end it undergoes both bending and torsion deformation and stiffness has to be decomposed into the bending and torsion components. The stiffness characteristics measured in static conditions may be rather different from the ones measured in the presence of dynamic loads, owing to the excitation of vibration modes. The concept of Mozzi or twist axis is used in this paper for giving a lumped element representation of stiffness of structural elements of single-track vehicles. Then the differences between stiffness characteristics measured in static and dynamic conditions are highlighted and analyzed. Finally, a novel method is proposed for the decomposition of stiffness, it makes use of the axes of the bending and torsion modes. These axes are identified by means of impulsive tests measuring the frequency response functions of three points of a rigid plate that moves with the loaded end of the structural element. Experimental results dealing with swingarm, chassis and front fork are presented.
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Whiddon, Ronald, Robert Collin, Marcus Alden, Ivan Sigfrid, and Jens Klingmann. "Investigation of a Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor Central Body Burner Using OH Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence at Elevated Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94443.

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Experiments were performed on the central body rich-pilot-lean (RPL) burner of a Siemens Industrial Turbomachinary 4th generation DLE combustor to observe the combustion changes that may occur when using fuels other than natural gas. Measurements were taken of temperatures at multiple points along the RPL body while hydroxyl (OH) radical distribution extending from the dump plane of the burner was imaged by planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). The RPL burner was run using four fuels; methane, a generic syngas (67.5% H2, 22.5% CO and 10% CH4) and dilutions of these with nitrogen to a Wobbe index of 15 MJ/m3. Each of the fuels was operated at several equivalence ratios ranging from ϕ = 0.80 to ϕ = 1.80, for combustion pressures of 3, 6 and 9 bar. It was found that the flame position in the RPL, determined from temperature measurement at the thermocouple positions, was dependent on the fuel, equivalence ratio and to a lesser extent pressure. A link was established between the OH distribution in the post burner region and RPL temperature profiles based on the expected flame behavior inside the RPL. For all measurement points some combustion occurred within the burner volume, indicated by thermocouples at the burner exit.
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Joklik, R., L. Eskin, M. Klassen, R. Roby, M. Holton, and T. Mallinson. "Low Emissions Power Generation Using Natural Gas Condensates." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46674.

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A Lean, Premixed, Prevaporized (LPP) combustion technology has been developed that converts liquid fuels into a substitute for natural gas. This fuel can then be burned with low emissions in virtually any combustion device in place of natural gas. This technology offers the possibility of using unprocessed oil-field Natural Gas Condensate (NGC) for local or export power generation using a DLN-equipped gas turbine rather than flaring, as is common practice in some regions. The ability to run a turbine on natural gas condensate with NOx and CO emissions comparable to those of natural gas has been demonstrated using a surrogate fuel made up from a mixture of naphtha (representing C4 and greater) and methane (representing <C4). The naphtha was vaporized using an LPP system, mixed with methane, and used to generate power in a 30kW Capstone C30 microturbine. The LPP Gas™ was tailored to match the modified Wobbe Index (MWI) of methane. NOx emissions in pre-mix mode on the surrogate NGC fuel were sub 5 ppm, indistinguishable from those when running on methane. CO emissions were sub 20 ppm, comparable to those on methane. At lower loads (in diffusion mode), NOx and CO emissions on surrogate NGC-based LPP Gas™ remain comparable to those on methane. No changes were required to the DLN gas turbine combustor hardware.
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